Grand test fixup (#138)

* start fixing up tests

* fix up tests + automate with drone

* fiddle with linting

* messing about with drone.yml

* some more fiddling

* hmmm

* add cache

* add vendor directory

* verbose

* ci updates

* update some little things

* update sig

1 files changed, 1229 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/vendor/github.com/ugorji/go/codec/msgpack.go b/vendor/github.com/ugorji/go/codec/msgpack.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df78885a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vendor/github.com/ugorji/go/codec/msgpack.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1229 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2012-2020 Ugorji Nwoke. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/*
+Msgpack-c implementation powers the c, c++, python, ruby, etc libraries.
+We need to maintain compatibility with it and how it encodes integer values
+without caring about the type.
+
+For compatibility with behaviour of msgpack-c reference implementation:
+  - Go intX (>0) and uintX
+       IS ENCODED AS
+    msgpack +ve fixnum, unsigned
+  - Go intX (<0)
+       IS ENCODED AS
+    msgpack -ve fixnum, signed
+*/
+
+package codec
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"net/rpc"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	mpPosFixNumMin byte = 0x00
+	mpPosFixNumMax byte = 0x7f
+	mpFixMapMin    byte = 0x80
+	mpFixMapMax    byte = 0x8f
+	mpFixArrayMin  byte = 0x90
+	mpFixArrayMax  byte = 0x9f
+	mpFixStrMin    byte = 0xa0
+	mpFixStrMax    byte = 0xbf
+	mpNil          byte = 0xc0
+	_              byte = 0xc1
+	mpFalse        byte = 0xc2
+	mpTrue         byte = 0xc3
+	mpFloat        byte = 0xca
+	mpDouble       byte = 0xcb
+	mpUint8        byte = 0xcc
+	mpUint16       byte = 0xcd
+	mpUint32       byte = 0xce
+	mpUint64       byte = 0xcf
+	mpInt8         byte = 0xd0
+	mpInt16        byte = 0xd1
+	mpInt32        byte = 0xd2
+	mpInt64        byte = 0xd3
+
+	// extensions below
+	mpBin8     byte = 0xc4
+	mpBin16    byte = 0xc5
+	mpBin32    byte = 0xc6
+	mpExt8     byte = 0xc7
+	mpExt16    byte = 0xc8
+	mpExt32    byte = 0xc9
+	mpFixExt1  byte = 0xd4
+	mpFixExt2  byte = 0xd5
+	mpFixExt4  byte = 0xd6
+	mpFixExt8  byte = 0xd7
+	mpFixExt16 byte = 0xd8
+
+	mpStr8  byte = 0xd9 // new
+	mpStr16 byte = 0xda
+	mpStr32 byte = 0xdb
+
+	mpArray16 byte = 0xdc
+	mpArray32 byte = 0xdd
+
+	mpMap16 byte = 0xde
+	mpMap32 byte = 0xdf
+
+	mpNegFixNumMin byte = 0xe0
+	mpNegFixNumMax byte = 0xff
+)
+
+var mpTimeExtTag int8 = -1
+var mpTimeExtTagU = uint8(mpTimeExtTag)
+
+var mpdescNames = map[byte]string{
+	mpNil:    "nil",
+	mpFalse:  "false",
+	mpTrue:   "true",
+	mpFloat:  "float",
+	mpDouble: "float",
+	mpUint8:  "uuint",
+	mpUint16: "uint",
+	mpUint32: "uint",
+	mpUint64: "uint",
+	mpInt8:   "int",
+	mpInt16:  "int",
+	mpInt32:  "int",
+	mpInt64:  "int",
+
+	mpStr8:  "string|bytes",
+	mpStr16: "string|bytes",
+	mpStr32: "string|bytes",
+
+	mpBin8:  "bytes",
+	mpBin16: "bytes",
+	mpBin32: "bytes",
+
+	mpArray16: "array",
+	mpArray32: "array",
+
+	mpMap16: "map",
+	mpMap32: "map",
+}
+
+func mpdesc(bd byte) (s string) {
+	s = mpdescNames[bd]
+	if s == "" {
+		switch {
+		case bd >= mpPosFixNumMin && bd <= mpPosFixNumMax,
+			bd >= mpNegFixNumMin && bd <= mpNegFixNumMax:
+			s = "int"
+		case bd >= mpFixStrMin && bd <= mpFixStrMax:
+			s = "string|bytes"
+		case bd >= mpFixArrayMin && bd <= mpFixArrayMax:
+			s = "array"
+		case bd >= mpFixMapMin && bd <= mpFixMapMax:
+			s = "map"
+		case bd >= mpFixExt1 && bd <= mpFixExt16,
+			bd >= mpExt8 && bd <= mpExt32:
+			s = "ext"
+		default:
+			s = "unknown"
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// MsgpackSpecRpcMultiArgs is a special type which signifies to the MsgpackSpecRpcCodec
+// that the backend RPC service takes multiple arguments, which have been arranged
+// in sequence in the slice.
+//
+// The Codec then passes it AS-IS to the rpc service (without wrapping it in an
+// array of 1 element).
+type MsgpackSpecRpcMultiArgs []interface{}
+
+// A MsgpackContainer type specifies the different types of msgpackContainers.
+type msgpackContainerType struct {
+	fixCutoff, bFixMin, b8, b16, b32 byte
+	// hasFixMin, has8, has8Always bool
+}
+
+var (
+	msgpackContainerRawLegacy = msgpackContainerType{
+		32, mpFixStrMin, 0, mpStr16, mpStr32,
+	}
+	msgpackContainerStr = msgpackContainerType{
+		32, mpFixStrMin, mpStr8, mpStr16, mpStr32, // true, true, false,
+	}
+	msgpackContainerBin = msgpackContainerType{
+		0, 0, mpBin8, mpBin16, mpBin32, // false, true, true,
+	}
+	msgpackContainerList = msgpackContainerType{
+		16, mpFixArrayMin, 0, mpArray16, mpArray32, // true, false, false,
+	}
+	msgpackContainerMap = msgpackContainerType{
+		16, mpFixMapMin, 0, mpMap16, mpMap32, // true, false, false,
+	}
+)
+
+//---------------------------------------------
+
+type msgpackEncDriver struct {
+	noBuiltInTypes
+	encDriverNoopContainerWriter
+	encDriverNoState
+	h *MsgpackHandle
+	// x [8]byte
+	e Encoder
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) encoder() *Encoder {
+	return &e.e
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeNil() {
+	e.e.encWr.writen1(mpNil)
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeInt(i int64) {
+	if e.h.PositiveIntUnsigned && i >= 0 {
+		e.EncodeUint(uint64(i))
+	} else if i > math.MaxInt8 {
+		if i <= math.MaxInt16 {
+			e.e.encWr.writen1(mpInt16)
+			bigen.writeUint16(e.e.w(), uint16(i))
+		} else if i <= math.MaxInt32 {
+			e.e.encWr.writen1(mpInt32)
+			bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), uint32(i))
+		} else {
+			e.e.encWr.writen1(mpInt64)
+			bigen.writeUint64(e.e.w(), uint64(i))
+		}
+	} else if i >= -32 {
+		if e.h.NoFixedNum {
+			e.e.encWr.writen2(mpInt8, byte(i))
+		} else {
+			e.e.encWr.writen1(byte(i))
+		}
+	} else if i >= math.MinInt8 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpInt8, byte(i))
+	} else if i >= math.MinInt16 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpInt16)
+		bigen.writeUint16(e.e.w(), uint16(i))
+	} else if i >= math.MinInt32 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpInt32)
+		bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), uint32(i))
+	} else {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpInt64)
+		bigen.writeUint64(e.e.w(), uint64(i))
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeUint(i uint64) {
+	if i <= math.MaxInt8 {
+		if e.h.NoFixedNum {
+			e.e.encWr.writen2(mpUint8, byte(i))
+		} else {
+			e.e.encWr.writen1(byte(i))
+		}
+	} else if i <= math.MaxUint8 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpUint8, byte(i))
+	} else if i <= math.MaxUint16 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpUint16)
+		bigen.writeUint16(e.e.w(), uint16(i))
+	} else if i <= math.MaxUint32 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpUint32)
+		bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), uint32(i))
+	} else {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpUint64)
+		bigen.writeUint64(e.e.w(), uint64(i))
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeBool(b bool) {
+	if b {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpTrue)
+	} else {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpFalse)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeFloat32(f float32) {
+	e.e.encWr.writen1(mpFloat)
+	bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), math.Float32bits(f))
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeFloat64(f float64) {
+	e.e.encWr.writen1(mpDouble)
+	bigen.writeUint64(e.e.w(), math.Float64bits(f))
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeTime(t time.Time) {
+	if t.IsZero() {
+		e.EncodeNil()
+		return
+	}
+	t = t.UTC()
+	sec, nsec := t.Unix(), uint64(t.Nanosecond())
+	var data64 uint64
+	var l = 4
+	if sec >= 0 && sec>>34 == 0 {
+		data64 = (nsec << 34) | uint64(sec)
+		if data64&0xffffffff00000000 != 0 {
+			l = 8
+		}
+	} else {
+		l = 12
+	}
+	if e.h.WriteExt {
+		e.encodeExtPreamble(mpTimeExtTagU, l)
+	} else {
+		e.writeContainerLen(msgpackContainerRawLegacy, l)
+	}
+	switch l {
+	case 4:
+		bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), uint32(data64))
+	case 8:
+		bigen.writeUint64(e.e.w(), data64)
+	case 12:
+		bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), uint32(nsec))
+		bigen.writeUint64(e.e.w(), uint64(sec))
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeExt(v interface{}, basetype reflect.Type, xtag uint64, ext Ext) {
+	var bs0, bs []byte
+	if ext == SelfExt {
+		bs0 = e.e.blist.get(1024)
+		bs = bs0
+		e.e.sideEncode(v, basetype, &bs)
+	} else {
+		bs = ext.WriteExt(v)
+	}
+	if bs == nil {
+		e.EncodeNil()
+		goto END
+	}
+	if e.h.WriteExt {
+		e.encodeExtPreamble(uint8(xtag), len(bs))
+		e.e.encWr.writeb(bs)
+	} else {
+		e.EncodeStringBytesRaw(bs)
+	}
+END:
+	if ext == SelfExt {
+		e.e.blist.put(bs)
+		if !byteSliceSameData(bs0, bs) {
+			e.e.blist.put(bs0)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeRawExt(re *RawExt) {
+	e.encodeExtPreamble(uint8(re.Tag), len(re.Data))
+	e.e.encWr.writeb(re.Data)
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) encodeExtPreamble(xtag byte, l int) {
+	if l == 1 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpFixExt1, xtag)
+	} else if l == 2 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpFixExt2, xtag)
+	} else if l == 4 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpFixExt4, xtag)
+	} else if l == 8 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpFixExt8, xtag)
+	} else if l == 16 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpFixExt16, xtag)
+	} else if l < 256 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(mpExt8, byte(l))
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(xtag)
+	} else if l < 65536 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpExt16)
+		bigen.writeUint16(e.e.w(), uint16(l))
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(xtag)
+	} else {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(mpExt32)
+		bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), uint32(l))
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(xtag)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) WriteArrayStart(length int) {
+	e.writeContainerLen(msgpackContainerList, length)
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) WriteMapStart(length int) {
+	e.writeContainerLen(msgpackContainerMap, length)
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeString(s string) {
+	var ct msgpackContainerType
+	if e.h.WriteExt {
+		if e.h.StringToRaw {
+			ct = msgpackContainerBin
+		} else {
+			ct = msgpackContainerStr
+		}
+	} else {
+		ct = msgpackContainerRawLegacy
+	}
+	e.writeContainerLen(ct, len(s))
+	if len(s) > 0 {
+		e.e.encWr.writestr(s)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) EncodeStringBytesRaw(bs []byte) {
+	if bs == nil {
+		e.EncodeNil()
+		return
+	}
+	if e.h.WriteExt {
+		e.writeContainerLen(msgpackContainerBin, len(bs))
+	} else {
+		e.writeContainerLen(msgpackContainerRawLegacy, len(bs))
+	}
+	if len(bs) > 0 {
+		e.e.encWr.writeb(bs)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *msgpackEncDriver) writeContainerLen(ct msgpackContainerType, l int) {
+	if ct.fixCutoff > 0 && l < int(ct.fixCutoff) {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(ct.bFixMin | byte(l))
+	} else if ct.b8 > 0 && l < 256 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen2(ct.b8, uint8(l))
+	} else if l < 65536 {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(ct.b16)
+		bigen.writeUint16(e.e.w(), uint16(l))
+	} else {
+		e.e.encWr.writen1(ct.b32)
+		bigen.writeUint32(e.e.w(), uint32(l))
+	}
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------
+
+type msgpackDecDriver struct {
+	decDriverNoopContainerReader
+	decDriverNoopNumberHelper
+	h *MsgpackHandle
+	bdAndBdread
+	_ bool
+	noBuiltInTypes
+	d Decoder
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) decoder() *Decoder {
+	return &d.d
+}
+
+// Note: This returns either a primitive (int, bool, etc) for non-containers,
+// or a containerType, or a specific type denoting nil or extension.
+// It is called when a nil interface{} is passed, leaving it up to the DecDriver
+// to introspect the stream and decide how best to decode.
+// It deciphers the value by looking at the stream first.
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeNaked() {
+	if !d.bdRead {
+		d.readNextBd()
+	}
+	bd := d.bd
+	n := d.d.naked()
+	var decodeFurther bool
+
+	switch bd {
+	case mpNil:
+		n.v = valueTypeNil
+		d.bdRead = false
+	case mpFalse:
+		n.v = valueTypeBool
+		n.b = false
+	case mpTrue:
+		n.v = valueTypeBool
+		n.b = true
+
+	case mpFloat:
+		n.v = valueTypeFloat
+		n.f = float64(math.Float32frombits(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())))
+	case mpDouble:
+		n.v = valueTypeFloat
+		n.f = math.Float64frombits(bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8()))
+
+	case mpUint8:
+		n.v = valueTypeUint
+		n.u = uint64(d.d.decRd.readn1())
+	case mpUint16:
+		n.v = valueTypeUint
+		n.u = uint64(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2()))
+	case mpUint32:
+		n.v = valueTypeUint
+		n.u = uint64(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4()))
+	case mpUint64:
+		n.v = valueTypeUint
+		n.u = uint64(bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8()))
+
+	case mpInt8:
+		n.v = valueTypeInt
+		n.i = int64(int8(d.d.decRd.readn1()))
+	case mpInt16:
+		n.v = valueTypeInt
+		n.i = int64(int16(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2())))
+	case mpInt32:
+		n.v = valueTypeInt
+		n.i = int64(int32(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())))
+	case mpInt64:
+		n.v = valueTypeInt
+		n.i = int64(int64(bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8())))
+
+	default:
+		switch {
+		case bd >= mpPosFixNumMin && bd <= mpPosFixNumMax:
+			// positive fixnum (always signed)
+			n.v = valueTypeInt
+			n.i = int64(int8(bd))
+		case bd >= mpNegFixNumMin && bd <= mpNegFixNumMax:
+			// negative fixnum
+			n.v = valueTypeInt
+			n.i = int64(int8(bd))
+		case bd == mpStr8, bd == mpStr16, bd == mpStr32, bd >= mpFixStrMin && bd <= mpFixStrMax:
+			d.d.fauxUnionReadRawBytes(d.h.WriteExt)
+			// if d.h.WriteExt || d.h.RawToString {
+			// 	n.v = valueTypeString
+			// 	n.s = d.d.stringZC(d.DecodeStringAsBytes())
+			// } else {
+			// 	n.v = valueTypeBytes
+			// 	n.l = d.DecodeBytes([]byte{})
+			// }
+		case bd == mpBin8, bd == mpBin16, bd == mpBin32:
+			d.d.fauxUnionReadRawBytes(false)
+		case bd == mpArray16, bd == mpArray32, bd >= mpFixArrayMin && bd <= mpFixArrayMax:
+			n.v = valueTypeArray
+			decodeFurther = true
+		case bd == mpMap16, bd == mpMap32, bd >= mpFixMapMin && bd <= mpFixMapMax:
+			n.v = valueTypeMap
+			decodeFurther = true
+		case bd >= mpFixExt1 && bd <= mpFixExt16, bd >= mpExt8 && bd <= mpExt32:
+			n.v = valueTypeExt
+			clen := d.readExtLen()
+			n.u = uint64(d.d.decRd.readn1())
+			if n.u == uint64(mpTimeExtTagU) {
+				n.v = valueTypeTime
+				n.t = d.decodeTime(clen)
+			} else if d.d.bytes {
+				n.l = d.d.decRd.rb.readx(uint(clen))
+			} else {
+				n.l = decByteSlice(d.d.r(), clen, d.d.h.MaxInitLen, d.d.b[:])
+			}
+		default:
+			d.d.errorf("cannot infer value: %s: Ox%x/%d/%s", msgBadDesc, bd, bd, mpdesc(bd))
+		}
+	}
+	if !decodeFurther {
+		d.bdRead = false
+	}
+	if n.v == valueTypeUint && d.h.SignedInteger {
+		n.v = valueTypeInt
+		n.i = int64(n.u)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) nextValueBytes(v0 []byte) (v []byte) {
+	if !d.bdRead {
+		d.readNextBd()
+	}
+	v = v0
+	var h = decNextValueBytesHelper{d: &d.d}
+	var cursor = d.d.rb.c - 1
+	h.append1(&v, d.bd)
+	v = d.nextValueBytesBdReadR(v)
+	d.bdRead = false
+	h.bytesRdV(&v, cursor)
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) nextValueBytesR(v0 []byte) (v []byte) {
+	d.readNextBd()
+	v = v0
+	var h = decNextValueBytesHelper{d: &d.d}
+	h.append1(&v, d.bd)
+	return d.nextValueBytesBdReadR(v)
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) nextValueBytesBdReadR(v0 []byte) (v []byte) {
+	v = v0
+	var h = decNextValueBytesHelper{d: &d.d}
+
+	bd := d.bd
+
+	var clen uint
+
+	switch bd {
+	case mpNil, mpFalse, mpTrue: // pass
+	case mpUint8, mpInt8:
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1())
+	case mpUint16, mpInt16:
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(2)...)
+	case mpFloat, mpUint32, mpInt32:
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(4)...)
+	case mpDouble, mpUint64, mpInt64:
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(8)...)
+	case mpStr8, mpBin8:
+		clen = uint(d.d.decRd.readn1())
+		h.append1(&v, byte(clen))
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(clen)...)
+	case mpStr16, mpBin16:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn2()
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint16(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(clen)...)
+	case mpStr32, mpBin32:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn4()
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint32(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(clen)...)
+	case mpFixExt1:
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1())
+	case mpFixExt2:
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(2)...)
+	case mpFixExt4:
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(4)...)
+	case mpFixExt8:
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(8)...)
+	case mpFixExt16:
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(16)...)
+	case mpExt8:
+		clen = uint(d.d.decRd.readn1())
+		h.append1(&v, uint8(clen))
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(clen)...)
+	case mpExt16:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn2()
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint16(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(clen)...)
+	case mpExt32:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn4()
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint32(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		h.append1(&v, d.d.decRd.readn1()) // tag
+		h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(clen)...)
+	case mpArray16:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn2()
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint16(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		for i := uint(0); i < clen; i++ {
+			v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+		}
+	case mpArray32:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn4()
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint32(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		for i := uint(0); i < clen; i++ {
+			v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+		}
+	case mpMap16:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn2()
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint16(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		for i := uint(0); i < clen; i++ {
+			v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+			v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+		}
+	case mpMap32:
+		x := d.d.decRd.readn4()
+		clen = uint(bigen.Uint32(x))
+		h.appendN(&v, x[:]...)
+		for i := uint(0); i < clen; i++ {
+			v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+			v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+		}
+	default:
+		switch {
+		case bd >= mpPosFixNumMin && bd <= mpPosFixNumMax: // pass
+		case bd >= mpNegFixNumMin && bd <= mpNegFixNumMax: // pass
+		case bd >= mpFixStrMin && bd <= mpFixStrMax:
+			clen = uint(mpFixStrMin ^ bd)
+			h.appendN(&v, d.d.decRd.readx(clen)...)
+		case bd >= mpFixArrayMin && bd <= mpFixArrayMax:
+			clen = uint(mpFixArrayMin ^ bd)
+			for i := uint(0); i < clen; i++ {
+				v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+			}
+		case bd >= mpFixMapMin && bd <= mpFixMapMax:
+			clen = uint(mpFixMapMin ^ bd)
+			for i := uint(0); i < clen; i++ {
+				v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+				v = d.nextValueBytesR(v)
+			}
+		default:
+			d.d.errorf("nextValueBytes: cannot infer value: %s: Ox%x/%d/%s", msgBadDesc, bd, bd, mpdesc(bd))
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) decFloat4Int32() (f float32) {
+	fbits := bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())
+	f = math.Float32frombits(fbits)
+	if !noFrac32(fbits) {
+		d.d.errorf("assigning integer value from float32 with a fraction: %v", f)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) decFloat4Int64() (f float64) {
+	fbits := bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8())
+	f = math.Float64frombits(fbits)
+	if !noFrac64(fbits) {
+		d.d.errorf("assigning integer value from float64 with a fraction: %v", f)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// int can be decoded from msgpack type: intXXX or uintXXX
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeInt64() (i int64) {
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	switch d.bd {
+	case mpUint8:
+		i = int64(uint64(d.d.decRd.readn1()))
+	case mpUint16:
+		i = int64(uint64(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2())))
+	case mpUint32:
+		i = int64(uint64(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())))
+	case mpUint64:
+		i = int64(bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8()))
+	case mpInt8:
+		i = int64(int8(d.d.decRd.readn1()))
+	case mpInt16:
+		i = int64(int16(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2())))
+	case mpInt32:
+		i = int64(int32(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())))
+	case mpInt64:
+		i = int64(bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8()))
+	case mpFloat:
+		i = int64(d.decFloat4Int32())
+	case mpDouble:
+		i = int64(d.decFloat4Int64())
+	default:
+		switch {
+		case d.bd >= mpPosFixNumMin && d.bd <= mpPosFixNumMax:
+			i = int64(int8(d.bd))
+		case d.bd >= mpNegFixNumMin && d.bd <= mpNegFixNumMax:
+			i = int64(int8(d.bd))
+		default:
+			d.d.errorf("cannot decode signed integer: %s: %x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.bd, mpdesc(d.bd))
+		}
+	}
+	d.bdRead = false
+	return
+}
+
+// uint can be decoded from msgpack type: intXXX or uintXXX
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeUint64() (ui uint64) {
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	switch d.bd {
+	case mpUint8:
+		ui = uint64(d.d.decRd.readn1())
+	case mpUint16:
+		ui = uint64(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2()))
+	case mpUint32:
+		ui = uint64(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4()))
+	case mpUint64:
+		ui = bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8())
+	case mpInt8:
+		if i := int64(int8(d.d.decRd.readn1())); i >= 0 {
+			ui = uint64(i)
+		} else {
+			d.d.errorf("assigning negative signed value: %v, to unsigned type", i)
+		}
+	case mpInt16:
+		if i := int64(int16(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2()))); i >= 0 {
+			ui = uint64(i)
+		} else {
+			d.d.errorf("assigning negative signed value: %v, to unsigned type", i)
+		}
+	case mpInt32:
+		if i := int64(int32(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4()))); i >= 0 {
+			ui = uint64(i)
+		} else {
+			d.d.errorf("assigning negative signed value: %v, to unsigned type", i)
+		}
+	case mpInt64:
+		if i := int64(bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8())); i >= 0 {
+			ui = uint64(i)
+		} else {
+			d.d.errorf("assigning negative signed value: %v, to unsigned type", i)
+		}
+	case mpFloat:
+		if f := d.decFloat4Int32(); f >= 0 {
+			ui = uint64(f)
+		} else {
+			d.d.errorf("assigning negative float value: %v, to unsigned type", f)
+		}
+	case mpDouble:
+		if f := d.decFloat4Int64(); f >= 0 {
+			ui = uint64(f)
+		} else {
+			d.d.errorf("assigning negative float value: %v, to unsigned type", f)
+		}
+	default:
+		switch {
+		case d.bd >= mpPosFixNumMin && d.bd <= mpPosFixNumMax:
+			ui = uint64(d.bd)
+		case d.bd >= mpNegFixNumMin && d.bd <= mpNegFixNumMax:
+			d.d.errorf("assigning negative signed value: %v, to unsigned type", int(d.bd))
+		default:
+			d.d.errorf("cannot decode unsigned integer: %s: %x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.bd, mpdesc(d.bd))
+		}
+	}
+	d.bdRead = false
+	return
+}
+
+// float can either be decoded from msgpack type: float, double or intX
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeFloat64() (f float64) {
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	if d.bd == mpFloat {
+		f = float64(math.Float32frombits(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())))
+	} else if d.bd == mpDouble {
+		f = math.Float64frombits(bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8()))
+	} else {
+		f = float64(d.DecodeInt64())
+	}
+	d.bdRead = false
+	return
+}
+
+// bool can be decoded from bool, fixnum 0 or 1.
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeBool() (b bool) {
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	if d.bd == mpFalse || d.bd == 0 {
+		// b = false
+	} else if d.bd == mpTrue || d.bd == 1 {
+		b = true
+	} else {
+		d.d.errorf("cannot decode bool: %s: %x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.bd, mpdesc(d.bd))
+	}
+	d.bdRead = false
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeBytes(bs []byte) (bsOut []byte) {
+	d.d.decByteState = decByteStateNone
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	bd := d.bd
+	var clen int
+	if bd == mpBin8 || bd == mpBin16 || bd == mpBin32 {
+		clen = d.readContainerLen(msgpackContainerBin) // binary
+	} else if bd == mpStr8 || bd == mpStr16 || bd == mpStr32 ||
+		(bd >= mpFixStrMin && bd <= mpFixStrMax) {
+		clen = d.readContainerLen(msgpackContainerStr) // string/raw
+	} else if bd == mpArray16 || bd == mpArray32 ||
+		(bd >= mpFixArrayMin && bd <= mpFixArrayMax) {
+		// check if an "array" of uint8's
+		if bs == nil {
+			d.d.decByteState = decByteStateReuseBuf
+			bs = d.d.b[:]
+		}
+		// bsOut, _ = fastpathTV.DecSliceUint8V(bs, true, d.d)
+		slen := d.ReadArrayStart()
+		var changed bool
+		if bs, changed = usableByteSlice(bs, slen); changed {
+			d.d.decByteState = decByteStateNone
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < len(bs); i++ {
+			bs[i] = uint8(chkOvf.UintV(d.DecodeUint64(), 8))
+		}
+		return bs
+	} else {
+		d.d.errorf("invalid byte descriptor for decoding bytes, got: 0x%x", d.bd)
+	}
+
+	d.bdRead = false
+	if d.d.zerocopy() {
+		d.d.decByteState = decByteStateZerocopy
+		return d.d.decRd.rb.readx(uint(clen))
+	}
+	if bs == nil {
+		d.d.decByteState = decByteStateReuseBuf
+		bs = d.d.b[:]
+	}
+	return decByteSlice(d.d.r(), clen, d.h.MaxInitLen, bs)
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeStringAsBytes() (s []byte) {
+	return d.DecodeBytes(nil)
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) descBd() string {
+	return sprintf("%v (%s)", d.bd, mpdesc(d.bd))
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) readNextBd() {
+	d.bd = d.d.decRd.readn1()
+	d.bdRead = true
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) advanceNil() (null bool) {
+	if !d.bdRead {
+		d.readNextBd()
+	}
+	if d.bd == mpNil {
+		d.bdRead = false
+		return true // null = true
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) TryNil() (v bool) {
+	return d.advanceNil()
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) ContainerType() (vt valueType) {
+	if !d.bdRead {
+		d.readNextBd()
+	}
+	bd := d.bd
+	if bd == mpNil {
+		d.bdRead = false
+		return valueTypeNil
+	} else if bd == mpBin8 || bd == mpBin16 || bd == mpBin32 {
+		return valueTypeBytes
+	} else if bd == mpStr8 || bd == mpStr16 || bd == mpStr32 ||
+		(bd >= mpFixStrMin && bd <= mpFixStrMax) {
+		if d.h.WriteExt || d.h.RawToString { // UTF-8 string (new spec)
+			return valueTypeString
+		}
+		return valueTypeBytes // raw (old spec)
+	} else if bd == mpArray16 || bd == mpArray32 || (bd >= mpFixArrayMin && bd <= mpFixArrayMax) {
+		return valueTypeArray
+	} else if bd == mpMap16 || bd == mpMap32 || (bd >= mpFixMapMin && bd <= mpFixMapMax) {
+		return valueTypeMap
+	}
+	return valueTypeUnset
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) readContainerLen(ct msgpackContainerType) (clen int) {
+	bd := d.bd
+	if bd == ct.b8 {
+		clen = int(d.d.decRd.readn1())
+	} else if bd == ct.b16 {
+		clen = int(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2()))
+	} else if bd == ct.b32 {
+		clen = int(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4()))
+	} else if (ct.bFixMin & bd) == ct.bFixMin {
+		clen = int(ct.bFixMin ^ bd)
+	} else {
+		d.d.errorf("cannot read container length: %s: hex: %x, decimal: %d", msgBadDesc, bd, bd)
+	}
+	d.bdRead = false
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) ReadMapStart() int {
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return containerLenNil
+	}
+	return d.readContainerLen(msgpackContainerMap)
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) ReadArrayStart() int {
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return containerLenNil
+	}
+	return d.readContainerLen(msgpackContainerList)
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) readExtLen() (clen int) {
+	switch d.bd {
+	case mpFixExt1:
+		clen = 1
+	case mpFixExt2:
+		clen = 2
+	case mpFixExt4:
+		clen = 4
+	case mpFixExt8:
+		clen = 8
+	case mpFixExt16:
+		clen = 16
+	case mpExt8:
+		clen = int(d.d.decRd.readn1())
+	case mpExt16:
+		clen = int(bigen.Uint16(d.d.decRd.readn2()))
+	case mpExt32:
+		clen = int(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4()))
+	default:
+		d.d.errorf("decoding ext bytes: found unexpected byte: %x", d.bd)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeTime() (t time.Time) {
+	// decode time from string bytes or ext
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	bd := d.bd
+	var clen int
+	if bd == mpBin8 || bd == mpBin16 || bd == mpBin32 {
+		clen = d.readContainerLen(msgpackContainerBin) // binary
+	} else if bd == mpStr8 || bd == mpStr16 || bd == mpStr32 ||
+		(bd >= mpFixStrMin && bd <= mpFixStrMax) {
+		clen = d.readContainerLen(msgpackContainerStr) // string/raw
+	} else {
+		// expect to see mpFixExt4,-1 OR mpFixExt8,-1 OR mpExt8,12,-1
+		d.bdRead = false
+		b2 := d.d.decRd.readn1()
+		if d.bd == mpFixExt4 && b2 == mpTimeExtTagU {
+			clen = 4
+		} else if d.bd == mpFixExt8 && b2 == mpTimeExtTagU {
+			clen = 8
+		} else if d.bd == mpExt8 && b2 == 12 && d.d.decRd.readn1() == mpTimeExtTagU {
+			clen = 12
+		} else {
+			d.d.errorf("invalid stream for decoding time as extension: got 0x%x, 0x%x", d.bd, b2)
+		}
+	}
+	return d.decodeTime(clen)
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) decodeTime(clen int) (t time.Time) {
+	d.bdRead = false
+	switch clen {
+	case 4:
+		t = time.Unix(int64(bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())), 0).UTC()
+	case 8:
+		tv := bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8())
+		t = time.Unix(int64(tv&0x00000003ffffffff), int64(tv>>34)).UTC()
+	case 12:
+		nsec := bigen.Uint32(d.d.decRd.readn4())
+		sec := bigen.Uint64(d.d.decRd.readn8())
+		t = time.Unix(int64(sec), int64(nsec)).UTC()
+	default:
+		d.d.errorf("invalid length of bytes for decoding time - expecting 4 or 8 or 12, got %d", clen)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) DecodeExt(rv interface{}, basetype reflect.Type, xtag uint64, ext Ext) {
+	if xtag > 0xff {
+		d.d.errorf("ext: tag must be <= 0xff; got: %v", xtag)
+	}
+	if d.advanceNil() {
+		return
+	}
+	xbs, realxtag1, zerocopy := d.decodeExtV(ext != nil, uint8(xtag))
+	realxtag := uint64(realxtag1)
+	if ext == nil {
+		re := rv.(*RawExt)
+		re.Tag = realxtag
+		re.setData(xbs, zerocopy)
+	} else if ext == SelfExt {
+		d.d.sideDecode(rv, basetype, xbs)
+	} else {
+		ext.ReadExt(rv, xbs)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *msgpackDecDriver) decodeExtV(verifyTag bool, tag byte) (xbs []byte, xtag byte, zerocopy bool) {
+	xbd := d.bd
+	if xbd == mpBin8 || xbd == mpBin16 || xbd == mpBin32 {
+		xbs = d.DecodeBytes(nil)
+	} else if xbd == mpStr8 || xbd == mpStr16 || xbd == mpStr32 ||
+		(xbd >= mpFixStrMin && xbd <= mpFixStrMax) {
+		xbs = d.DecodeStringAsBytes()
+	} else {
+		clen := d.readExtLen()
+		xtag = d.d.decRd.readn1()
+		if verifyTag && xtag != tag {
+			d.d.errorf("wrong extension tag - got %b, expecting %v", xtag, tag)
+		}
+		if d.d.bytes {
+			xbs = d.d.decRd.rb.readx(uint(clen))
+			zerocopy = true
+		} else {
+			xbs = decByteSlice(d.d.r(), clen, d.d.h.MaxInitLen, d.d.b[:])
+		}
+	}
+	d.bdRead = false
+	return
+}
+
+//--------------------------------------------------
+
+//MsgpackHandle is a Handle for the Msgpack Schema-Free Encoding Format.
+type MsgpackHandle struct {
+	binaryEncodingType
+	BasicHandle
+
+	// NoFixedNum says to output all signed integers as 2-bytes, never as 1-byte fixednum.
+	NoFixedNum bool
+
+	// WriteExt controls whether the new spec is honored.
+	//
+	// With WriteExt=true, we can encode configured extensions with extension tags
+	// and encode string/[]byte/extensions in a way compatible with the new spec
+	// but incompatible with the old spec.
+	//
+	// For compatibility with the old spec, set WriteExt=false.
+	//
+	// With WriteExt=false:
+	//    configured extensions are serialized as raw bytes (not msgpack extensions).
+	//    reserved byte descriptors like Str8 and those enabling the new msgpack Binary type
+	//    are not encoded.
+	WriteExt bool
+
+	// PositiveIntUnsigned says to encode positive integers as unsigned.
+	PositiveIntUnsigned bool
+}
+
+// Name returns the name of the handle: msgpack
+func (h *MsgpackHandle) Name() string { return "msgpack" }
+
+func (h *MsgpackHandle) desc(bd byte) string { return mpdesc(bd) }
+
+func (h *MsgpackHandle) newEncDriver() encDriver {
+	var e = &msgpackEncDriver{h: h}
+	e.e.e = e
+	e.e.init(h)
+	e.reset()
+	return e
+}
+
+func (h *MsgpackHandle) newDecDriver() decDriver {
+	d := &msgpackDecDriver{h: h}
+	d.d.d = d
+	d.d.init(h)
+	d.reset()
+	return d
+}
+
+//--------------------------------------------------
+
+type msgpackSpecRpcCodec struct {
+	rpcCodec
+}
+
+// /////////////// Spec RPC Codec ///////////////////
+func (c *msgpackSpecRpcCodec) WriteRequest(r *rpc.Request, body interface{}) error {
+	// WriteRequest can write to both a Go service, and other services that do
+	// not abide by the 1 argument rule of a Go service.
+	// We discriminate based on if the body is a MsgpackSpecRpcMultiArgs
+	var bodyArr []interface{}
+	if m, ok := body.(MsgpackSpecRpcMultiArgs); ok {
+		bodyArr = ([]interface{})(m)
+	} else {
+		bodyArr = []interface{}{body}
+	}
+	r2 := []interface{}{0, uint32(r.Seq), r.ServiceMethod, bodyArr}
+	return c.write(r2)
+}
+
+func (c *msgpackSpecRpcCodec) WriteResponse(r *rpc.Response, body interface{}) error {
+	var moe interface{}
+	if r.Error != "" {
+		moe = r.Error
+	}
+	if moe != nil && body != nil {
+		body = nil
+	}
+	r2 := []interface{}{1, uint32(r.Seq), moe, body}
+	return c.write(r2)
+}
+
+func (c *msgpackSpecRpcCodec) ReadResponseHeader(r *rpc.Response) error {
+	return c.parseCustomHeader(1, &r.Seq, &r.Error)
+}
+
+func (c *msgpackSpecRpcCodec) ReadRequestHeader(r *rpc.Request) error {
+	return c.parseCustomHeader(0, &r.Seq, &r.ServiceMethod)
+}
+
+func (c *msgpackSpecRpcCodec) ReadRequestBody(body interface{}) error {
+	if body == nil { // read and discard
+		return c.read(nil)
+	}
+	bodyArr := []interface{}{body}
+	return c.read(&bodyArr)
+}
+
+func (c *msgpackSpecRpcCodec) parseCustomHeader(expectTypeByte byte, msgid *uint64, methodOrError *string) (err error) {
+	if cls := c.cls.load(); cls.closed {
+		return io.EOF
+	}
+
+	// We read the response header by hand
+	// so that the body can be decoded on its own from the stream at a later time.
+
+	const fia byte = 0x94 //four item array descriptor value
+
+	var ba [1]byte
+	var n int
+	for {
+		n, err = c.r.Read(ba[:])
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if n == 1 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	var b = ba[0]
+	if b != fia {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("not array - %s %x/%s", msgBadDesc, b, mpdesc(b))
+	} else {
+		err = c.read(&b)
+		if err == nil {
+			if b != expectTypeByte {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("%s - expecting %v but got %x/%s", msgBadDesc, expectTypeByte, b, mpdesc(b))
+			} else {
+				err = c.read(msgid)
+				if err == nil {
+					err = c.read(methodOrError)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+//--------------------------------------------------
+
+// msgpackSpecRpc is the implementation of Rpc that uses custom communication protocol
+// as defined in the msgpack spec at https://github.com/msgpack-rpc/msgpack-rpc/blob/master/spec.md
+type msgpackSpecRpc struct{}
+
+// MsgpackSpecRpc implements Rpc using the communication protocol defined in
+// the msgpack spec at https://github.com/msgpack-rpc/msgpack-rpc/blob/master/spec.md .
+//
+// See GoRpc documentation, for information on buffering for better performance.
+var MsgpackSpecRpc msgpackSpecRpc
+
+func (x msgpackSpecRpc) ServerCodec(conn io.ReadWriteCloser, h Handle) rpc.ServerCodec {
+	return &msgpackSpecRpcCodec{newRPCCodec(conn, h)}
+}
+
+func (x msgpackSpecRpc) ClientCodec(conn io.ReadWriteCloser, h Handle) rpc.ClientCodec {
+	return &msgpackSpecRpcCodec{newRPCCodec(conn, h)}
+}
+
+var _ decDriver = (*msgpackDecDriver)(nil)
+var _ encDriver = (*msgpackEncDriver)(nil)