1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
|
git-tag(1)
==========
NAME
----
git-tag - Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git-tag' [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <name> [<head>]
'git-tag' -d <name>...
'git-tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [<pattern>]
'git-tag' -v <name>...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Adds a 'tag' reference in `.git/refs/tags/`
Unless `-f` is given, the tag must not yet exist in
`.git/refs/tags/` directory.
If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>` is passed, the command
creates a 'tag' object, and requires the tag message. Unless
`-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given, an editor is started for the user to type
in the tag message.
If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
are absent, `-a` is implied.
Otherwise just the SHA1 object name of the commit object is
written (i.e. a lightweight tag).
A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
<key-id>` is used. When `-u <key-id>` is not used, the
committer identity for the current user is used to find the
GnuPG key for signing.
OPTIONS
-------
-a::
Make an unsigned, annotated tag object
-s::
Make a GPG-signed tag, using the default e-mail address's key
-u <key-id>::
Make a GPG-signed tag, using the given key
-f::
Replace an existing tag with the given name (instead of failing)
-d::
Delete existing tags with the given names.
-v::
Verify the gpg signature of the given tag names.
-n<num>::
<num> specifies how many lines from the annotation, if any,
are printed when using -l.
The default is not to print any annotation lines.
If no number is given to `-n`, only the first line is printed.
-l <pattern>::
List tags with names that match the given pattern (or all if no pattern is given).
Typing "git tag" without arguments, also lists all tags.
-m <msg>::
Use the given tag message (instead of prompting).
If multiple `-m` options are given, there values are
concatenated as separate paragraphs.
Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
is given.
-F <file>::
Take the tag message from the given file. Use '-' to
read the message from the standard input.
Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
is given.
CONFIGURATION
-------------
By default, git-tag in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
committer identity (of the form "Your Name <your@email.address>") to
find a key. If you want to use a different default key, you can specify
it in the repository configuration as follows:
-------------------------------------
[user]
signingkey = <gpg-key-id>
-------------------------------------
DISCUSSION
----------
On Re-tagging
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
What should you do when you tag a wrong commit and you would
want to re-tag?
If you never pushed anything out, just re-tag it. Use "-f" to
replace the old one. And you're done.
But if you have pushed things out (or others could just read
your repository directly), then others will have already seen
the old tag. In that case you can do one of two things:
. The sane thing.
Just admit you screwed up, and use a different name. Others have
already seen one tag-name, and if you keep the same name, you
may be in the situation that two people both have "version X",
but they actually have 'different' "X"'s. So just call it "X.1"
and be done with it.
. The insane thing.
You really want to call the new version "X" too, 'even though'
others have already seen the old one. So just use "git tag -f"
again, as if you hadn't already published the old one.
However, Git does *not* (and it should not) change tags behind
users back. So if somebody already got the old tag, doing a "git
pull" on your tree shouldn't just make them overwrite the old
one.
If somebody got a release tag from you, you cannot just change
the tag for them by updating your own one. This is a big
security issue, in that people MUST be able to trust their
tag-names. If you really want to do the insane thing, you need
to just fess up to it, and tell people that you messed up. You
can do that by making a very public announcement saying:
------------
Ok, I messed up, and I pushed out an earlier version tagged as X. I
then fixed something, and retagged the *fixed* tree as X again.
If you got the wrong tag, and want the new one, please delete
the old one and fetch the new one by doing:
git tag -d X
git fetch origin tag X
to get my updated tag.
You can test which tag you have by doing
git rev-parse X
which should return 0123456789abcdef.. if you have the new version.
Sorry for inconvenience.
------------
Does this seem a bit complicated? It *should* be. There is no
way that it would be correct to just "fix" it behind peoples
backs. People need to know that their tags might have been
changed.
On Automatic following
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you are following somebody else's tree, you are most likely
using tracking branches (`refs/heads/origin` in traditional
layout, or `refs/remotes/origin/master` in the separate-remote
layout). You usually want the tags from the other end.
On the other hand, if you are fetching because you would want a
one-shot merge from somebody else, you typically do not want to
get tags from there. This happens more often for people near
the toplevel but not limited to them. Mere mortals when pulling
from each other do not necessarily want to automatically get
private anchor point tags from the other person.
You would notice "please pull" messages on the mailing list says
repo URL and branch name alone. This is designed to be easily
cut&pasted to "git fetch" command line:
------------
Linus, please pull from
git://git..../proj.git master
to get the following updates...
------------
becomes:
------------
$ git pull git://git..../proj.git master
------------
In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow other's
tags.
One important aspect of git is it is distributed, and being
distributed largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
"downstream" in the system. On the face of it, the above
example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
by upper echelon of people and tags only flow downwards, but
that is not the case. It only shows that the usage pattern
determines who are interested in whose tags.
A one-shot pull is a sign that a commit history is now crossing
the boundary between one circle of people (e.g. "people who are
primarily interested in networking part of the kernel") who may
have their own set of tags (e.g. "this is the third release
candidate from the networking group to be proposed for general
consumption with 2.6.21 release") to another circle of people
(e.g. "people who integrate various subsystem improvements").
The latter are usually not interested in the detailed tags used
internally in the former group (that is what "internal" means).
That is why it is desirable not to follow tags automatically in
this case.
It may well be that among networking people, they may want to
exchange the tags internal to their group, but in that workflow
they are most likely tracking with each other's progress by
having tracking branches. Again, the heuristic to automatically
follow such tags is a good thing.
On Backdating Tags
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If you have imported some changes from another VCS and would like
to add tags for major releases of your work, it is useful to be able
to specify the date to embed inside of the tag object. The data in
the tag object affects, for example, the ordering of tags in the
gitweb interface.
To set the date used in future tag objects, set the environment
variable GIT_AUTHOR_DATE to one or more of the date and time. The
date and time can be specified in a number of ways; the most common
is "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM".
An example follows.
------------
$ GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="2006-10-02 10:31" git tag -s v1.0.1
------------
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>,
Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Chris Wright <chrisw@osdl.org>.
Documentation
--------------
Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
|
