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The output format from "git-diff-cache", "git-diff-tree" and
"git-diff-files" is very similar.
These commands all compare two sets of things; what are
compared are different:
git-diff-cache <tree-ish>::
compares the <tree-ish> and the files on the filesystem.
git-diff-cache --cached <tree-ish>::
compares the <tree-ish> and the cache.
git-diff-tree [-r] <tree-ish-1> <tree-ish-2> [<pattern>...]::
compares the trees named by the two arguments.
git-diff-files [<pattern>...]::
compares the cache and the files on the filesystem.
An output line is formatted this way:
in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234... 0123456... M file0
copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... C68 file1 file2
rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123... 1234567... R86 file1 file3
create :000000 100644 0000000... 1234567... N file4
delete :100644 000000 1234567... 0000000... D file5
unmerged :000000 000000 0000000... 0000000... U file6
That is, from the left to the right:
(1) a colon.
(2) mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.
(3) a space.
(4) mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.
(5) a space.
(6) sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.
(7) a space.
(8) sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if creation, unmerged or "look at work tree".
(9) status, followed by optional "score" number.
(10) a tab or a NUL when '-z' option is used.
(11) path for "src"
(12) a tab or a NUL when '-z' option is used; only exists for C or R.
(13) path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.
(14) an LF or a NUL when '-z' option is used, to terminate the record.
<sha1> is shown as all 0's if new is a file on the filesystem
and it is out of sync with the cache. Example:
:100644 100644 5be4a4...... 000000...... M file.c
Generating patches with -p
--------------------------
When "git-diff-cache", "git-diff-tree", or "git-diff-files" are run
with a '-p' option, they do not produce the output described above
instead they produce a patch file.
The patch generation can be customized at two levels. This
customization also applies to "git-diff-helper".
1. When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is not set,
these commands internally invoke "diff" like this:
diff -L a/<path> -L a/<path> -pu <old> <new>
+
For added files, `/dev/null` is used for <old>. For removed
files, `/dev/null` is used for <new>
+
The "diff" formatting options can be customized via the
environment variable 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'. For example, if you
prefer context diff:
GIT_DIFF_OPTS=-c git-diff-cache -p $(cat .git/HEAD)
2. When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
described above.
+
For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
+
where:
<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
contents of <old|ne>,
<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
+
The file parameters can point at the user's working file
(e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
cache). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
parameter, <path>.
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