From b27a23e35d8e532e47661595bda642ef3a7375f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Christian Couder Date: Sat, 24 May 2008 20:56:44 +0200 Subject: Documentation: convert tutorials to man pages This patch renames the following documents and at the same time converts them to the man page format: cvs-migration.txt -> gitcvs-migration.txt tutorial.txt -> gittutorial.txt tutorial-2.txt -> gittutorial-2.txt These new man pages are put in section 7, and other documents that reference the above ones are change accordingly. [jc: with help from Nanako to clean things up] Signed-off-by: Christian Couder Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 428 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 428 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5bbbf43056 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,428 @@ +gittutorial-2(7) +================ + +NAME +---- +gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +git * + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7][A tutorial introduction to +git] before reading this tutorial. + +The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of +git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to +provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest +of the git documentation. + +The git object database +----------------------- + +Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ mkdir test-project +$ cd test-project +$ git init +Initialized empty Git repository in .git/ +$ echo 'hello world' > file.txt +$ git add . +$ git commit -a -m "initial commit" +Created initial commit 54196cc2703dc165cbd373a65a4dcf22d50ae7f7 + create mode 100644 file.txt +$ echo 'hello world!' >file.txt +$ git commit -a -m "add emphasis" +Created commit c4d59f390b9cfd4318117afde11d601c1085f241 +------------------------------------------------ + +What are the 40 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with? + +We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this. +It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under +such a 40-digit hex name. That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's +contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store +the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1 +name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since +that would change the object's name as well). + +It is expected that the content of the commit object you created while +following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than +the one shown above because the commit object records the time when +it was created and the name of the person performing the commit. + +We can ask git about this particular object with the cat-file +command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those +from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few +characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git-cat-file -t 54196cc2 +commit +$ git-cat-file commit 54196cc2 +tree 92b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe +author J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 +committer J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 + +initial commit +------------------------------------------------ + +A tree can refer to one or more "blob" objects, each corresponding to +a file. In addition, a tree can also refer to other tree objects, +thus creating a directory hierarchy. You can examine the contents of +any tree using ls-tree (remember that a long enough initial portion +of the SHA1 will also work): + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git ls-tree 92b8b694 +100644 blob 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad file.txt +------------------------------------------------ + +Thus we see that this tree has one file in it. The SHA1 hash is a +reference to that file's data: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git cat-file -t 3b18e512 +blob +------------------------------------------------ + +A "blob" is just file data, which we can also examine with cat-file: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git cat-file blob 3b18e512 +hello world +------------------------------------------------ + +Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in +its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the +directory state that was recorded by the first commit. + +All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git +directory: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ find .git/objects/ +.git/objects/ +.git/objects/pack +.git/objects/info +.git/objects/3b +.git/objects/3b/18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad +.git/objects/92 +.git/objects/92/b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe +.git/objects/54 +.git/objects/54/196cc2703dc165cbd373a65a4dcf22d50ae7f7 +.git/objects/a0 +.git/objects/a0/423896973644771497bdc03eb99d5281615b51 +.git/objects/d0 +.git/objects/d0/492b368b66bdabf2ac1fd8c92b39d3db916e59 +.git/objects/c4 +.git/objects/c4/d59f390b9cfd4318117afde11d601c1085f241 +------------------------------------------------ + +and the contents of these files is just the compressed data plus a +header identifying their length and their type. The type is either a +blob, a tree, a commit, or a tag. + +The simplest commit to find is the HEAD commit, which we can find +from .git/HEAD: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ cat .git/HEAD +ref: refs/heads/master +------------------------------------------------ + +As you can see, this tells us which branch we're currently on, and it +tells us this by naming a file under the .git directory, which itself +contains a SHA1 name referring to a commit object, which we can +examine with cat-file: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ cat .git/refs/heads/master +c4d59f390b9cfd4318117afde11d601c1085f241 +$ git cat-file -t c4d59f39 +commit +$ git cat-file commit c4d59f39 +tree d0492b368b66bdabf2ac1fd8c92b39d3db916e59 +parent 54196cc2703dc165cbd373a65a4dcf22d50ae7f7 +author J. Bruce Fields 1143418702 -0500 +committer J. Bruce Fields 1143418702 -0500 + +add emphasis +------------------------------------------------ + +The "tree" object here refers to the new state of the tree: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git ls-tree d0492b36 +100644 blob a0423896973644771497bdc03eb99d5281615b51 file.txt +$ git cat-file blob a0423896 +hello world! +------------------------------------------------ + +and the "parent" object refers to the previous commit: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git-cat-file commit 54196cc2 +tree 92b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe +author J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 +committer J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 + +initial commit +------------------------------------------------ + +The tree object is the tree we examined first, and this commit is +unusual in that it lacks any parent. + +Most commits have only one parent, but it is also common for a commit +to have multiple parents. In that case the commit represents a +merge, with the parent references pointing to the heads of the merged +branches. + +Besides blobs, trees, and commits, the only remaining type of object +is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1] +for details. + +So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a +project's history: + + * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the + snapshot of a directory tree at a particular point in the + history, and refer to "parent" commits to show how they're + connected into the project history. + * "tree" objects represent the state of a single directory, + associating directory names to "blob" objects containing file + data and "tree" objects containing subdirectory information. + * "blob" objects contain file data without any other structure. + * References to commit objects at the head of each branch are + stored in files under .git/refs/heads/. + * The name of the current branch is stored in .git/HEAD. + +Note, by the way, that lots of commands take a tree as an argument. +But as we can see above, a tree can be referred to in many different +ways--by the SHA1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that +refers to the tree, by the name of a branch whose head refers to that +tree, etc.--and most such commands can accept any of these names. + +In command synopses, the word "tree-ish" is sometimes used to +designate such an argument. + +The index file +-------------- + +The primary tool we've been using to create commits is "git commit +-a", which creates a commit including every change you've made to +your working tree. But what if you want to commit changes only to +certain files? Or only certain changes to certain files? + +If we look at the way commits are created under the cover, we'll see +that there are more flexible ways creating commits. + +Continuing with our test-project, let's modify file.txt again: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ echo "hello world, again" >>file.txt +------------------------------------------------ + +but this time instead of immediately making the commit, let's take an +intermediate step, and ask for diffs along the way to keep track of +what's happening: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git diff +--- a/file.txt ++++ b/file.txt +@@ -1 +1,2 @@ + hello world! ++hello world, again +$ git add file.txt +$ git diff +------------------------------------------------ + +The last diff is empty, but no new commits have been made, and the +head still doesn't contain the new line: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git-diff HEAD +diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt +index a042389..513feba 100644 +--- a/file.txt ++++ b/file.txt +@@ -1 +1,2 @@ + hello world! ++hello world, again +------------------------------------------------ + +So "git diff" is comparing against something other than the head. +The thing that it's comparing against is actually the index file, +which is stored in .git/index in a binary format, but whose contents +we can examine with ls-files: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git ls-files --stage +100644 513feba2e53ebbd2532419ded848ba19de88ba00 0 file.txt +$ git cat-file -t 513feba2 +blob +$ git cat-file blob 513feba2 +hello world! +hello world, again +------------------------------------------------ + +So what our "git add" did was store a new blob and then put +a reference to it in the index file. If we modify the file again, +we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the "git-diff" +output: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ echo 'again?' >>file.txt +$ git diff +index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +--- a/file.txt ++++ b/file.txt +@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ + hello world! + hello world, again ++again? +------------------------------------------------ + +With the right arguments, git diff can also show us the difference +between the working directory and the last commit, or between the +index and the last commit: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git diff HEAD +diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt +index a042389..ba3da7b 100644 +--- a/file.txt ++++ b/file.txt +@@ -1 +1,3 @@ + hello world! ++hello world, again ++again? +$ git diff --cached +diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt +index a042389..513feba 100644 +--- a/file.txt ++++ b/file.txt +@@ -1 +1,2 @@ + hello world! ++hello world, again +------------------------------------------------ + +At any time, we can create a new commit using "git commit" (without +the -a option), and verify that the state committed only includes the +changes stored in the index file, not the additional change that is +still only in our working tree: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git commit -m "repeat" +$ git diff HEAD +diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt +index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +--- a/file.txt ++++ b/file.txt +@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@ + hello world! + hello world, again ++again? +------------------------------------------------ + +So by default "git commit" uses the index to create the commit, not +the working tree; the -a option to commit tells it to first update +the index with all changes in the working tree. + +Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of "git add" on the index +file: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ echo "goodbye, world" >closing.txt +$ git add closing.txt +------------------------------------------------ + +The effect of the "git add" was to add one entry to the index file: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git ls-files --stage +100644 8b9743b20d4b15be3955fc8d5cd2b09cd2336138 0 closing.txt +100644 513feba2e53ebbd2532419ded848ba19de88ba00 0 file.txt +------------------------------------------------ + +And, as you can see with cat-file, this new entry refers to the +current contents of the file: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git cat-file blob 8b9743b2 +goodbye, world +------------------------------------------------ + +The "status" command is a useful way to get a quick summary of the +situation: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git status +# On branch master +# Changes to be committed: +# (use "git reset HEAD ..." to unstage) +# +# new file: closing.txt +# +# Changed but not updated: +# (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed) +# +# modified: file.txt +# +------------------------------------------------ + +Since the current state of closing.txt is cached in the index file, +it is listed as "Changes to be committed". Since file.txt has +changes in the working directory that aren't reflected in the index, +it is marked "changed but not updated". At this point, running "git +commit" would create a commit that added closing.txt (with its new +contents), but that didn't modify file.txt. + +Also, note that a bare "git diff" shows the changes to file.txt, but +not the addition of closing.txt, because the version of closing.txt +in the index file is identical to the one in the working directory. + +In addition to being the staging area for new commits, the index file +is also populated from the object database when checking out a +branch, and is used to hold the trees involved in a merge operation. +See the link:core-tutorial.html[core tutorial] and the relevant man +pages for details. + +What next? +---------- + +At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man +pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be +with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git]. You +should be able to find any unknown jargon in the +link:glossary.html[Glossary]. + +The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more +comprehensive introduction to git. + +The linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7][CVS migration] document explains how to +import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a +CVS-like way. + +For some interesting examples of git use, see the +link:howto-index.html[howtos]. + +For git developers, the link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] goes +into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for +example, creating a new commit. + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:gittutorial[7], +linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7], +link:everyday.html[Everyday git], +link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite. -- cgit v1.2.3 From 497c83314c1a595ef26dd4ea452022b0848d3219 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Christian Couder Date: Thu, 29 May 2008 19:21:46 +0200 Subject: Documentation: convert "glossary" and "core-tutorial" to man pages This patch renames the following documents and at the same time converts them to the man format: core-tutorial.txt -> gitcore-tutorial.txt glossary.txt -> gitglossary.txt But as the glossary is included in the user manual and as the new gitglossary man page cannot be included as a whole in the user manual, the actual glossary content is now in its own "glossary-content.txt" new file. And this file is included by both the user manual and the gitglossary man page. Other documents that reference the above ones are changed accordingly and sometimes improved a little too. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 8 +++++--- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt index 5bbbf43056..4880ba9ae9 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ in the index file is identical to the one in the working directory. In addition to being the staging area for new commits, the index file is also populated from the object database when checking out a branch, and is used to hold the trees involved in a merge operation. -See the link:core-tutorial.html[core tutorial] and the relevant man +See the linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7][core tutorial] and the relevant man pages for details. What next? @@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git]. You should be able to find any unknown jargon in the -link:glossary.html[Glossary]. +linkgit:gitglossary[7][Glossary]. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more comprehensive introduction to git. @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ CVS-like way. For some interesting examples of git use, see the link:howto-index.html[howtos]. -For git developers, the link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] goes +For git developers, the linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7][Core tutorial] goes into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for example, creating a new commit. @@ -420,6 +420,8 @@ SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7], +linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7], +linkgit:gitglossary[7], link:everyday.html[Everyday git], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] -- cgit v1.2.3 From 9e1f0a85c68323830ea117092c55192b17aa3ac8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Christian Couder Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2008 09:07:32 +0200 Subject: documentation: move git(7) to git(1) As the "git" man page describes the "git" command at the end-user level, it seems better to move it to man section 1. Signed-off-by: Christian Couder Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt index 4880ba9ae9..e3d5c1fbf0 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -427,4 +427,4 @@ link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] GIT --- -Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite. +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite. -- cgit v1.2.3 From d54467b8c319571b5dc433b1f7e471c4b0f21caf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ted Percival Date: Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:22:19 +1000 Subject: Don't use dash commands (git-foo) in tutorial-2 Signed-off-by: Ted Percival Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt index e3d5c1fbf0..31e8a23a4f 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits: ------------------------------------------------ -$ git-cat-file -t 54196cc2 +$ git cat-file -t 54196cc2 commit -$ git-cat-file commit 54196cc2 +$ git cat-file commit 54196cc2 tree 92b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe author J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 committer J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ hello world! and the "parent" object refers to the previous commit: ------------------------------------------------ -$ git-cat-file commit 54196cc2 +$ git cat-file commit 54196cc2 tree 92b8b694ffb1675e5975148e1121810081dbdffe author J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 committer J. Bruce Fields 1143414668 -0500 @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ The last diff is empty, but no new commits have been made, and the head still doesn't contain the new line: ------------------------------------------------ -$ git-diff HEAD +$ git diff HEAD diff --git a/file.txt b/file.txt index a042389..513feba 100644 --- a/file.txt @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ hello world, again So what our "git add" did was store a new blob and then put a reference to it in the index file. If we modify the file again, -we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the "git-diff" +we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the "git diff" output: ------------------------------------------------ -- cgit v1.2.3 From 6998e4db52c6d98670a2cd1e59a7708dc18e2c52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jonathan Nieder Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2008 17:01:21 -0500 Subject: Documentation: fix links to tutorials and other new manual pages With the conversion of HTML documentation to man pages tutorial.html -> gittutorial (7) tutorial-2.html -> gittutorial-2 (7) cvs-migration.html -> gitcvs-migration (7) diffcore.html -> gitdiffcore (7) repository-layout.html -> gitrepository-layout (5) hooks.html -> githooks (5) glossary.html -> gitglossary (7) core-tutorial.html -> gitcore-tutorial (7) and the automatic update of references to these pages, a little debris was left behind. We clear it away. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 12 +++++------- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt index 31e8a23a4f..2c5467057a 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ git * DESCRIPTION ----------- -You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7][A tutorial introduction to -git] before reading this tutorial. +You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial. The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to @@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ in the index file is identical to the one in the working directory. In addition to being the staging area for new commits, the index file is also populated from the object database when checking out a branch, and is used to hold the trees involved in a merge operation. -See the linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7][core tutorial] and the relevant man +See linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] and the relevant man pages for details. What next? @@ -399,20 +398,19 @@ What next? At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git]. You -should be able to find any unknown jargon in the -linkgit:gitglossary[7][Glossary]. +should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7]. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more comprehensive introduction to git. -The linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7][CVS migration] document explains how to +linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a CVS-like way. For some interesting examples of git use, see the link:howto-index.html[howtos]. -For git developers, the linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7][Core tutorial] goes +For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for example, creating a new commit. -- cgit v1.2.3 From b1889c36d85514e5e70462294c561a02c2edfe2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jonathan Nieder Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2008 01:09:04 -0500 Subject: Documentation: be consistent about "git-" versus "git " Since the git-* commands are not installed in $(bindir), using "git-command " in examples in the documentation is not a good idea. On the other hand, it is nice to be able to refer to each command using one hyphenated word. (There is no escaping it, anyway: man page names cannot have spaces in them.) This patch retains the dash in naming an operation, command, program, process, or action. Complete command lines that can be entered at a shell (i.e., without options omitted) are made to use the dashless form. The changes consist only of replacing some spaces with hyphens and vice versa. After a "s/ /-/g", the unpatched and patched versions are identical. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt index 2c5467057a..f2624aa22b 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ designate such an argument. The index file -------------- -The primary tool we've been using to create commits is "git commit +The primary tool we've been using to create commits is "git-commit -a", which creates a commit including every change you've made to your working tree. But what if you want to commit changes only to certain files? Or only certain changes to certain files? @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ index a042389..513feba 100644 +hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -So "git diff" is comparing against something other than the head. +So "git-diff" is comparing against something other than the head. The thing that it's comparing against is actually the index file, which is stored in .git/index in a binary format, but whose contents we can examine with ls-files: @@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ hello world! hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -So what our "git add" did was store a new blob and then put +So what our "git-add" did was store a new blob and then put a reference to it in the index file. If we modify the file again, -we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the "git diff" +we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the "git-diff" output: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +again? ------------------------------------------------ -With the right arguments, git diff can also show us the difference +With the right arguments, git-diff can also show us the difference between the working directory and the last commit, or between the index and the last commit: @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ index a042389..513feba 100644 +hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -At any time, we can create a new commit using "git commit" (without +At any time, we can create a new commit using "git-commit" (without the -a option), and verify that the state committed only includes the changes stored in the index file, not the additional change that is still only in our working tree: @@ -329,11 +329,11 @@ index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +again? ------------------------------------------------ -So by default "git commit" uses the index to create the commit, not +So by default "git-commit" uses the index to create the commit, not the working tree; the -a option to commit tells it to first update the index with all changes in the working tree. -Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of "git add" on the index +Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of "git-add" on the index file: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ $ echo "goodbye, world" >closing.txt $ git add closing.txt ------------------------------------------------ -The effect of the "git add" was to add one entry to the index file: +The effect of the "git-add" was to add one entry to the index file: ------------------------------------------------ $ git ls-files --stage -- cgit v1.2.3 From 483bc4f045881b998512ae814d6cf44d0c0cb493 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jonathan Nieder Date: Mon, 30 Jun 2008 13:56:34 -0500 Subject: Documentation formatting and cleanup Following what appears to be the predominant style, format names of commands and commandlines both as `teletype text`. While we're at it, add articles ("a" and "the") in some places, italicize the name of the command in the manual page synopsis line, and add a comma or two where it seems appropriate. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 28 ++++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt index f2624aa22b..6c93445cc1 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than the one shown above because the commit object records the time when it was created and the name of the person performing the commit. -We can ask git about this particular object with the cat-file +We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file` command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits: @@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ designate such an argument. The index file -------------- -The primary tool we've been using to create commits is "git-commit --a", which creates a commit including every change you've made to +The primary tool we've been using to create commits is `git-commit +-a`, which creates a commit including every change you've made to your working tree. But what if you want to commit changes only to certain files? Or only certain changes to certain files? @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ index a042389..513feba 100644 +hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -So "git-diff" is comparing against something other than the head. +So `git-diff` is comparing against something other than the head. The thing that it's comparing against is actually the index file, which is stored in .git/index in a binary format, but whose contents we can examine with ls-files: @@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ hello world! hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -So what our "git-add" did was store a new blob and then put +So what our `git-add` did was store a new blob and then put a reference to it in the index file. If we modify the file again, -we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the "git-diff" +we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the `git-diff` output: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +again? ------------------------------------------------ -With the right arguments, git-diff can also show us the difference +With the right arguments, `git-diff` can also show us the difference between the working directory and the last commit, or between the index and the last commit: @@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ index a042389..513feba 100644 +hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -At any time, we can create a new commit using "git-commit" (without -the -a option), and verify that the state committed only includes the +At any time, we can create a new commit using `git-commit` (without +the "-a" option), and verify that the state committed only includes the changes stored in the index file, not the additional change that is still only in our working tree: @@ -329,11 +329,11 @@ index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +again? ------------------------------------------------ -So by default "git-commit" uses the index to create the commit, not -the working tree; the -a option to commit tells it to first update +So by default `git-commit` uses the index to create the commit, not +the working tree; the "-a" option to commit tells it to first update the index with all changes in the working tree. -Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of "git-add" on the index +Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of `git-add` on the index file: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ $ echo "goodbye, world" >closing.txt $ git add closing.txt ------------------------------------------------ -The effect of the "git-add" was to add one entry to the index file: +The effect of the `git-add` was to add one entry to the index file: ------------------------------------------------ $ git ls-files --stage @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ it is marked "changed but not updated". At this point, running "git commit" would create a commit that added closing.txt (with its new contents), but that didn't modify file.txt. -Also, note that a bare "git diff" shows the changes to file.txt, but +Also, note that a bare `git diff` shows the changes to file.txt, but not the addition of closing.txt, because the version of closing.txt in the index file is identical to the one in the working directory. -- cgit v1.2.3 From ba020ef5eb5fca3d757bd580ff117adaf81ca079 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jonathan Nieder Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2008 00:41:41 -0500 Subject: manpages: italicize git command names (which were in teletype font) The names of git commands are not meant to be entered at the commandline; they are just names. So we render them in italics, as is usual for command names in manpages. Using doit () { perl -e 'for (<>) { s/\`(git-[^\`.]*)\`/'\''\1'\''/g; print }' } for i in git*.txt config.txt diff*.txt blame*.txt fetch*.txt i18n.txt \ merge*.txt pretty*.txt pull*.txt rev*.txt urls*.txt do doit <"$i" >"$i+" && mv "$i+" "$i" done git diff . Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt | 16 ++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt') diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt index 6c93445cc1..660904686c 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ index a042389..513feba 100644 +hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -So `git-diff` is comparing against something other than the head. +So 'git-diff' is comparing against something other than the head. The thing that it's comparing against is actually the index file, which is stored in .git/index in a binary format, but whose contents we can examine with ls-files: @@ -270,9 +270,9 @@ hello world! hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -So what our `git-add` did was store a new blob and then put +So what our 'git-add' did was store a new blob and then put a reference to it in the index file. If we modify the file again, -we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the `git-diff` +we'll see that the new modifications are reflected in the 'git-diff' output: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +again? ------------------------------------------------ -With the right arguments, `git-diff` can also show us the difference +With the right arguments, 'git-diff' can also show us the difference between the working directory and the last commit, or between the index and the last commit: @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ index a042389..513feba 100644 +hello world, again ------------------------------------------------ -At any time, we can create a new commit using `git-commit` (without +At any time, we can create a new commit using 'git-commit' (without the "-a" option), and verify that the state committed only includes the changes stored in the index file, not the additional change that is still only in our working tree: @@ -329,11 +329,11 @@ index 513feba..ba3da7b 100644 +again? ------------------------------------------------ -So by default `git-commit` uses the index to create the commit, not +So by default 'git-commit' uses the index to create the commit, not the working tree; the "-a" option to commit tells it to first update the index with all changes in the working tree. -Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of `git-add` on the index +Finally, it's worth looking at the effect of 'git-add' on the index file: ------------------------------------------------ @@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ $ echo "goodbye, world" >closing.txt $ git add closing.txt ------------------------------------------------ -The effect of the `git-add` was to add one entry to the index file: +The effect of the 'git-add' was to add one entry to the index file: ------------------------------------------------ $ git ls-files --stage -- cgit v1.2.3