From 5c8273d57caf173517c9eb1ca77604709e2487b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=C3=86var=20Arnfj=C3=B6r=C3=B0=20Bjarmason?= Date: Sat, 31 Jul 2021 10:23:04 +0200 Subject: bundle doc: rewrite the "DESCRIPTION" section MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Rewrite the "DESCRIPTION" section for "git bundle" to start by talking about what bundles are in general terms, rather than diving directly into one example of what they might be used for. This changes documentation that's been substantially the same ever since the command was added in 2e0afafebd8 (Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive, 2007-02-22). I've split up the DESCRIPTION into that section and a "BUNDLE FORMAT" section, it briefly discusses the format, but then links to the technical/bundle-format.txt documentation. The "the user must specify a basis" part of this is discussed below in "SPECIFYING REFERENCES", and will be further elaborated on in a subsequent commit. So I'm removing that part and letting the mention of "revision exclusions" suffice. There was a discussion about whether to say anything at all about "thin packs" here[1]. I think it's good to mention it for the curious reader willing to read the technical docs, but let's explicitly say that there's no "thick pack", and that the difference shouldn't matter. 1. http://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqk0mbt5rj.fsf@gitster.g Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 53804cad4b..339c5b4727 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -18,21 +18,47 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one -machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot -be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git, -ssh, http) cannot be used. - -The 'git bundle' command packages objects and references in an archive -at the originating machine, which can then be imported into another -repository using 'git fetch', 'git pull', or 'git clone', -after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). - -As no -direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a -basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the -bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the -destination repository. +Create, unpack, and manipulate "bundle" files. Bundles are used for +the "offline" transfer of Git objects without an active "server" +sitting on the other side of the network connection. + +They can be used to create both incremental and full backups of a +repository, and to relay the state of the references in one repository +to another. + +Git commands that fetch or otherwise "read" via protocols such as +`ssh://` and `https://` can also operate on bundle files. It is +possible linkgit:git-clone[1] a new repository from a bundle, to use +linkgit:git-fetch[1] to fetch from one, and to list the references +contained within it with linkgit:git-ls-remote[1]. There's no +corresponding "write" support, i.e.a 'git push' into a bundle is not +supported. + +See the "EXAMPLES" section below for examples of how to use bundles. + +BUNDLE FORMAT +------------- + +Bundles are `.pack` files (see linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]) with a +header indicating what references are contained within the bundle. + +Like the the packed archive format itself bundles can either be +self-contained, or be created using exclusions. + +Bundles created using revision exclusions are "thin packs" created +using the `--thin` option to linkgit:git-pack-objects[1], and +unbundled using the `--fix-thin` option to linkgit:git-index-pack[1]. + +There is no option to create a "thick pack" when using revision +exclusions, users should not be concerned about the difference. By +using "thin packs" bundles created using exclusions are smaller in +size. That they're "thin" under the hood is merely noted here as a +curiosity, and as a reference to other documentation + +See link:technical/bundle-format.html[the `bundle-format` +documentation] for more details and the discussion of "thin pack" in +link:technical/pack-format.html[the pack format documentation] for +further details. OPTIONS ------- -- cgit v1.2.3 From 9ab80dd6aeadf398de45a6add5fc7ed6b2e166b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=C3=86var=20Arnfj=C3=B6r=C3=B0=20Bjarmason?= Date: Sat, 31 Jul 2021 10:23:05 +0200 Subject: bundle doc: elaborate on object prerequisites MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Split out the discussion bout "object prerequisites" into its own section, and add some more examples of the common cases. See 2e0afafebd (Add git-bundle: move objects and references by archive, 2007-02-22) for the introduction of the documentation being changed here. Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 339c5b4727..f1f84ce2c4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ header indicating what references are contained within the bundle. Like the the packed archive format itself bundles can either be self-contained, or be created using exclusions. +See the "OBJECT PREREQUISITES" section below. Bundles created using revision exclusions are "thin packs" created using the `--thin` option to linkgit:git-pack-objects[1], and @@ -152,19 +153,49 @@ contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g. `master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). -It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. +OBJECT PREREQUISITES +-------------------- + +When creating bundles it is possible to create a self-contained bundle +that can be unbundled in a repository with no common history, as well +as providing negative revisions to exclude objects needed in the +earlier parts of the history. + +Feeding a revision such as `new` to `git bundle create` will create a +bundle file that contains all the objects reachable from the revision +`new`. That bundle can be unbundled in any repository to obtain a full +history that leads to the revision `new`: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create full.bundle new +---------------- + +A revision range such as `old..new` will produce a bundle file that +will require the revision `old` (and any objects reachable from it) +to exist for the bundle to be "unbundle"-able: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create full.bundle old..new +---------------- + +A self-contained bundle without any prerequisites can be extracted +into anywhere, even into an empty repository, or be cloned from +(i.e., `new`, but not `old..new`). + It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored when unpacking at the destination. -`git clone` can use any bundle created without negative refspecs -(e.g., `new`, but not `old..new`). If you want to match `git clone --mirror`, which would include your refs such as `refs/remotes/*`, use `--all`. If you want to provide the same set of refs that a clone directly from the source repository would get, use `--branches --tags` for the ``. +The 'git bundle verify' command can be used to check whether your +recipient repository has the required prerequisite commits for a +bundle. + EXAMPLES -------- -- cgit v1.2.3 From 0bb92f3a3a0034247868b4fcd901c18654b76c4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=C3=86var=20Arnfj=C3=B6r=C3=B0=20Bjarmason?= Date: Sat, 31 Jul 2021 10:23:06 +0200 Subject: bundle doc: elaborate on rev<->ref restriction MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Elaborate on the restriction that you cannot provide a revision that doesn't resolve to a reference in the "SPECIFYING REFERENCES" section with examples. Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index f1f84ce2c4..f36939ab01 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -144,14 +144,44 @@ unbundle :: SPECIFYING REFERENCES --------------------- -'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by -'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References -such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for -defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more -than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not -contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be -specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g. -`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). +Revisions must accompanied by reference names to be packaged in a +bundle. + +More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one basis can +be specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the +union of the given bases. + +The 'git bundle create' command resolves the reference names for you +using the same rules as `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref=loose`. Each +basis can be specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly +(e.g. `master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). + +All of these simple cases are OK (assuming we have a "master" and +"next" branch): + +---------------- +$ git bundle create master.bundle master +$ echo master | git bundle create master.bundle --stdin +$ git bundle create master-and-next.bundle master next +$ (echo master; echo next) | git bundle create master-and-next.bundle --stdin +---------------- + +And so are these (and the same but omitted `--stdin` examples): + +---------------- +$ git bundle create recent-master.bundle master~10..master +$ git bundle create recent-updates.bundle master~10..master next~5..next +---------------- + +A revision name or a range whose right-hand-side cannot be resolved to +a reference is not accepted: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create HEAD.bundle $(git rev-parse HEAD) +fatal: Refusing to create empty bundle. +$ git bundle create master-yesterday.bundle master~10..master~5 +fatal: Refusing to create empty bundle. +---------------- OBJECT PREREQUISITES -------------------- -- cgit v1.2.3 From 1d9c8daef8d0c9c9f57e06eac7511c3b9355960b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?=C3=86var=20Arnfj=C3=B6r=C3=B0=20Bjarmason?= Date: Sat, 31 Jul 2021 10:23:07 +0200 Subject: bundle doc: replace "basis" with "prerequsite(s)" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In the preceding commits we introduced new documentation that talks about "[commit|object] prerequsite(s)", but also faithfully moved around existing documentation that talks about the "basis". Let's change both that moved-around documentation and other existing documentation in the file to consistently use "[commit|object]" prerequisite(s)" instead of talking about "basis". The mention of "basis" isn't wrong, but readers will be helped by us using only one term throughout the document for this concept. Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano --- Documentation/git-bundle.txt | 14 +++++++------- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index f36939ab01..ac0d003835 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ SPECIFYING REFERENCES Revisions must accompanied by reference names to be packaged in a bundle. -More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one basis can +More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one set of prerequisite objects can be specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the -union of the given bases. +union of the prerequisites. The 'git bundle create' command resolves the reference names for you using the same rules as `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref=loose`. Each -basis can be specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly +prerequisite can be specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g. `master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). All of these simple cases are OK (assuming we have a "master" and @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1. To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have -any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last +any prerequisites. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository with an incremental bundle: @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ machineB$ git pull If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the -basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go +prerequisites, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples: @@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ You can use a tag that is present in both: $ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master ---------------- -You can use a basis based on time: +You can use a prerequisite based on time: ---------------- $ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ $ git bundle create mybundle -10 master ---------------- You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle -that was created with a basis: +that was created with a prerequisite: ---------------- $ git bundle verify mybundle -- cgit v1.2.3