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Recent updates broke parsing of "credential.<url>.<key>" where
<url> is not a full URL (e.g. [credential "https://"] helper = ...)
stopped working, which has been corrected.
* js/partial-urlmatch-2.17:
credential: handle `credential.<partial-URL>.<key>` again
credential: optionally allow partial URLs in credential_from_url_gently()
credential: fix grammar
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Update the parser used for credential.<URL>.<variable>
configuration, to handle <URL>s with '/' in them correctly.
* bc/wildcard-credential:
credential: fix matching URLs with multiple levels in path
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In the patches for CVE-2020-11008, the ability to specify credential
settings in the config for partial URLs got lost. For example, it used
to be possible to specify a credential helper for a specific protocol:
[credential "https://"]
helper = my-https-helper
Likewise, it used to be possible to configure settings for a specific
host, e.g.:
[credential "dev.azure.com"]
useHTTPPath = true
Let's reinstate this behavior.
While at it, increase the test coverage to document and verify the
behavior with a couple other categories of partial URLs.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Reviewed-by: Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón <carenas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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46fd7b3900 ("credential: allow wildcard patterns when matching config",
2020-02-20) introduced support for matching credential helpers using
urlmatch. In doing so, it introduced code to percent-encode the paths
we get from the credential helper so that they could be effectively
matched by the urlmatch code.
Unfortunately, that code had a bug: it percent-encoded the slashes in
the path, resulting in any URL path that contained multiple levels
(i.e., a directory component) not matching.
We are currently the only caller of the percent-encoding code and could
simply change it not to encode slashes. However, we still want to
encode slashes in the username component, so we need to have both
behaviors available.
So instead, let's add a flag to control encoding slashes, which is the
behavior we want here, and use it when calling the code in this case.
Add a test for credential helper URLs using multiple slashes in the
path, which our test suite previously lacked, as well as one ensuring
that we handle usernames with slashes gracefully. Since we're testing
other percent-encoding handling, let's add one for non-ASCII UTF-8
characters as well.
Reported-by: Ilya Tretyakov <it@it3xl.ru>
Signed-off-by: Carlo Marcelo Arenas Belón <carenas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Parsing of URL for the credential helper has been corrected.
* jk/credential-parsing-end-of-host-in-URL:
credential: treat "?" and "#" in URLs as end of host
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This merges up the security fix from v2.17.5.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
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This merges up the security fix from v2.17.5.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
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When we try to initialize credential loading by URL and find that the
URL is invalid, we set all fields to NULL in order to avoid acting on
malicious input. Later when we request credentials, we diagonse the
erroneous input:
fatal: refusing to work with credential missing host field
This is problematic in two ways:
- The message doesn't tell the user *why* we are missing the host
field, so they can't tell from this message alone how to recover.
There can be intervening messages after the original warning of
bad input, so the user may not have the context to put two and two
together.
- The error only occurs when we actually need to get a credential. If
the URL permits anonymous access, the only encouragement the user gets
to correct their bogus URL is a quiet warning.
This is inconsistent with the check we perform in fsck, where any use
of such a URL as a submodule is an error.
When we see such a bogus URL, let's not try to be nice and continue
without helpers. Instead, die() immediately. This is simpler and
obviously safe. And there's very little chance of disrupting a normal
workflow.
It's _possible_ that somebody has a legitimate URL with a raw newline in
it. It already wouldn't work with credential helpers, so this patch
steps that up from an inconvenience to "we will refuse to work with it
at all". If such a case does exist, we should figure out a way to work
with it (especially if the newline is only in the path component, which
we normally don't even pass to helpers). But until we see a real report,
we're better off being defensive.
Reported-by: Carlo Arenas <carenas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
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The credential helper protocol was designed to be very flexible: the
fields it takes as input are treated as a pattern, and any missing
fields are taken as wildcards. This allows unusual things like:
echo protocol=https | git credential reject
to delete all stored https credentials (assuming the helpers themselves
treat the input that way). But when helpers are invoked automatically by
Git, this flexibility works against us. If for whatever reason we don't
have a "host" field, then we'd match _any_ host. When you're filling a
credential to send to a remote server, this is almost certainly not what
you want.
Prevent this at the layer that writes to the credential helper. Add a
check to the credential API that the host and protocol are always passed
in, and add an assertion to the credential_write function that speaks
credential helper protocol to be doubly sure.
There are a few ways this can be triggered in practice:
- the "git credential" command passes along arbitrary credential
parameters it reads from stdin.
- until the previous patch, when the host field of a URL is empty, we
would leave it unset (rather than setting it to the empty string)
- a URL like "example.com/foo.git" is treated by curl as if "http://"
was present, but our parser sees it as a non-URL and leaves all
fields unset
- the recent fix for URLs with embedded newlines blanks the URL but
otherwise continues. Rather than having the desired effect of
looking up no credential at all, many helpers will return _any_
credential
Our earlier test for an embedded newline didn't catch this because it
only checked that the credential was cleared, but didn't configure an
actual helper. Configuring the "verbatim" helper in the test would show
that it is invoked (it's obviously a silly helper which doesn't look at
its input, but the point is that it shouldn't be run at all). Since
we're switching this case to die(), we don't need to bother with a
helper. We can see the new behavior just by checking that the operation
fails.
We'll add new tests covering partial input as well (these can be
triggered through various means with url-parsing, but it's simpler to
just check them directly, as we know we are covered even if the url
parser changes behavior in the future).
[jn: changed to die() instead of logging and showing a manual
username/password prompt]
Reported-by: Carlo Arenas <carenas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
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We may feed a URL like "cert:///path/to/cert.pem" into the credential
machinery to get the key for a client-side certificate. That
credential has no hostname field, which is about to be disallowed (to
avoid confusion with protocols where a helper _would_ expect a
hostname).
This means as of the next patch, credential helpers won't work for
unlocking certs. Let's fix that by doing two things:
- when we parse a url with an empty host, set the host field to the
empty string (asking only to match stored entries with an empty
host) rather than NULL (asking to match _any_ host).
- when we build a cert:// credential by hand, similarly assign an
empty string
It's the latter that is more likely to impact real users in practice,
since it's what's used for http connections. But we don't have good
infrastructure to test it.
The url-parsing version will help anybody using git-credential in a
script, and is easy to test.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Reviewed-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
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Many of the tests in t0300 give partial inputs to git-credential,
omitting a protocol or hostname. We're checking only high-level things
like whether and how helpers are invoked at all, and we don't care about
specific hosts. However, in preparation for tightening up the rules
about when we're willing to run a helper, let's start using input that's
a bit more realistic: pretend as if http://example.com is being
examined.
This shouldn't change the point of any of the tests, but do note we have
to adjust the expected output to accommodate this (filling a credential
will repeat back the protocol/host fields to stdout, and the helper
debug messages and askpass prompt will change on stderr).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Reviewed-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
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We test a toy credential helper that writes "quit=1" and confirms that
we stop running other helpers. However, that helper is unrealistic in
that it does not bother to read its stdin at all.
For now we don't send any input to it, because we feed git-credential a
blank credential. But that will change in the next patch, which will
cause this test to racily fail, as git-credential will get SIGPIPE
writing to the helper rather than exiting because it was asked to.
Let's make this one-off helper more like our other sample helpers, and
have it source the "dump" script. That will read stdin, fixing the
SIGPIPE problem. But it will also write what it sees to stderr. We can
make the test more robust by checking that output, which confirms that
we do run the quit helper, don't run any other helpers, and exit for the
reason we expected.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com>
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It's unusual to see:
https://example.com?query-parameters
without an intervening slash, like:
https://example.com/some-path?query-parameters
or even:
https://example.com/?query-parameters
but it is a valid end to the hostname (actually "authority component")
according to RFC 3986. Likewise for "#".
And curl will parse the URL according to the standard, meaning it will
contact example.com, but our credential code would ask about a bogus
hostname with a "?" in it. Let's make sure we follow the standard, and
more importantly ask about the same hosts that curl will be talking to.
It would be nice if we could just ask curl to parse the URL for us. But
it didn't grow a URL-parsing API until 7.62, so we'd be stuck with
fallback code either way. Plus we'd need this code in the main Git
binary, where we've tried to avoid having a link dependency on libcurl.
But let's at least fix our parser. Moving to curl's parser would prevent
other potential discrepancies, but this gives us immediate relief for
the known problem, and would help our fallback code if we eventually use
curl.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The credential protocol can't represent newlines in values, but URLs can
embed percent-encoded newlines in various components. A previous commit
taught the low-level writing routines to die() when encountering this,
but we can be a little friendlier to the user by detecting them earlier
and handling them gracefully.
This patch teaches credential_from_url() to notice such components,
issue a warning, and blank the credential (which will generally result
in prompting the user for a username and password). We blank the whole
credential in this case. Another option would be to blank only the
invalid component. However, we're probably better off not feeding a
partially-parsed URL result to a credential helper. We don't know how a
given helper would handle it, so we're better off to err on the side of
matching nothing rather than something unexpected.
The die() call in credential_write() is _probably_ impossible to reach
after this patch. Values should end up in credential structs only by URL
parsing (which is covered here), or by reading credential protocol input
(which by definition cannot read a newline into a value). But we should
definitely keep the low-level check, as it's our final and most accurate
line of defense against protocol injection attacks. Arguably it could
become a BUG(), but it probably doesn't matter much either way.
Note that the public interface of credential_from_url() grows a little
more than we need here. We'll use the extra flexibility in a future
patch to help fsck catch these cases.
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The credential protocol that we use to speak to helpers can't represent
values with newlines in them. This was an intentional design choice to
keep the protocol simple, since none of the values we pass should
generally have newlines.
However, if we _do_ encounter a newline in a value, we blindly transmit
it in credential_write(). Such values may break the protocol syntax, or
worse, inject new valid lines into the protocol stream.
The most likely way for a newline to end up in a credential struct is by
decoding a URL with a percent-encoded newline. However, since the bug
occurs at the moment we write the value to the protocol, we'll catch it
there. That should leave no possibility of accidentally missing a code
path that can trigger the problem.
At this level of the code we have little choice but to die(). However,
since we'd not ever expect to see this case outside of a malicious URL,
that's an acceptable outcome.
Reported-by: Felix Wilhelm <fwilhelm@google.com>
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In some cases, a user will want to use a specific credential helper for
a wildcard pattern, such as https://*.corp.example.com. We have code
that handles this already with the urlmatch code, so let's use that
instead of our custom code.
Since the urlmatch code is a superset of our current matching in terms
of capabilities, there shouldn't be any cases of things that matched
previously that don't match now. However, in addition to wildcard
matching, we now use partial path matching, which can cause slightly
different behavior in the case that a helper applies to the prefix
(considering path components) of the remote URL. While different, this
is probably the behavior people were wanting anyway.
Since we're using the urlmatch code, we need to encode the components
we've gotten into a URL to match, so add a function to percent-encode
data and format the URL with it. We now also no longer need to the
custom code to match URLs, so let's remove it.
Additionally, the urlmatch code always looks for the best match, whereas
we want all matches for credential helpers to preserve existing
behavior. Let's add an optional field, select_fn, that lets us control
which items we want (in this case, all of them) and default it to the
best-match code that already exists for other users.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <bk2204@github.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Everywhere else in the codebase, we use the rule that the last matching
configuration option is the one that takes effect. This is helpful
because it allows more specific configuration settings (e.g., per-repo
configuration) to override less specific settings (e.g., per-user
configuration).
However, in the credential code, we didn't honor this setting, and
instead picked the first setting we had, and stuck with it. This was
likely to ensure we picked the value from the URL, which we want to
honor over the configuration.
It's possible to do both, though, so let's check if the value is the one
we've gotten over our protocol connection, which if present will have
come from the URL, and keep it if so. Otherwise, let's overwrite the
value with the latest version we've got from the configuration, so we
keep the last configuration value.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <bk2204@github.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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There are some tricky cases in our credential helpers that we don't have
test cases for. To help prevent regressions, let's add some for these
cases:
* If there are multiple configured credential helpers, one without a
path and one with a path, we want to invoke both of them.
* If there are percent-encoded values in the URL, we handle them
properly.
* And finally, if there is a username in the remote URL, we want to
honor that over what the configuration tells us.
Finally, there's an additional case that we'd like to test for as well,
but that currently fails. In all other situations in our configuration,
we pick the last configuration setting that's provided. However, we
fail to do that for credential.username, where we pick the first setting
instead. Let's add a failing test that we have the consistent behavior
here, since that's the documented, expected behavior.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <bk2204@github.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Change various tests that use an idiom of the form:
>expect &&
test_cmp expect actual
To instead use:
test_must_be_empty actual
The test_must_be_empty() wrapper was introduced in ca8d148daf ("test:
test_must_be_empty helper", 2013-06-09). Many of these tests have been
added after that time. This was mostly found with, and manually pruned
from:
git grep '^\s+>.*expect.* &&$' t
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Sine the credential.helper key is a multi-valued config
list, there's no way to "unset" a helper once it's been set.
So if your system /etc/gitconfig sets one, you can never
avoid running it, but only add your own helpers on top.
Since an empty value for credential.helper is nonsensical
(it would just try to run "git-credential-"), we can assume
nobody is using it. Let's define it to reset the helper
list, letting you override lower-priority instances which
have come before.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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When we are trying to fill a credential, we loop over the
set of defined credential-helpers, then fall back to running
askpass, and then finally prompt on the terminal. Helpers
which cannot find a credential are free to tell us nothing,
but they cannot currently ask us to stop prompting.
This patch lets them provide a "quit" attribute, which asks
us to stop the process entirely (avoiding running more
helpers, as well as the askpass/terminal prompt).
This has a few possible uses:
1. A helper which prompts the user itself (e.g., in a
dialog) can provide a "cancel" button to the user to
stop further prompts.
2. Some helpers may know that prompting cannot possibly
work. For example, if their role is to broker a ticket
from an external auth system and that auth system
cannot be contacted, there is no point in continuing
(we need a ticket to authenticate, and the user cannot
provide one by typing it in).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The Git CodingGuidelines prefer the $(...) construct for command
substitution instead of using the backquotes `...`.
The backquoted form is the traditional method for command
substitution, and is supported by POSIX. However, all but the
simplest uses become complicated quickly. In particular, embedded
command substitutions and/or the use of double quotes require
careful escaping with the backslash character.
The patch was generated by:
for _f in $(find . -name "*.sh")
do
sed -i 's@`\(.*\)`@$(\1)@g' ${_f}
done
and then carefully proof-read.
Signed-off-by: Elia Pinto <gitter.spiros@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Instead of outputing only the username and password, print all the
attributes, even those that already appeared in the input.
This is closer to what the C API does, and allows one to take the exact
output of "git credential fill" as input to "git credential approve" or
"git credential reject".
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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* maint:
Update draft release notes to 1.7.9.3 for the last time
http.proxy: also mention https_proxy and all_proxy
t0300: work around bug in dash 0.5.6
t5512 (ls-remote): modernize style
tests: fix spurious error when run directly with Solaris /usr/xpg4/bin/sh
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The construct 'while IFS== read' makes dash 0.5.6 execute
read without changing IFS, which results in test breakages
all over the place in t0300. Neither dash 0.5.5.1 and older
nor dash 0.5.7 and newer are affected: The problem was
introduded resp. fixed by the commits
55c46b7 ([BUILTIN] Honor tab as IFS whitespace when
splitting fields in readcmd, 2009-08-11)
1d806ac ([VAR] Do not poplocalvars prematurely on regular
utilities, 2010-05-27)
in http://git.kernel.org/?p=utils/dash/dash.git
Putting 'IFS==' before that line makes all versions of dash
work.
This looks like a dash bug, not a misinterpretation of the
standard. However, it's worth working around for two
reasons. One, this version of dash was released in Fedora
14-16, so the bug is found in the wild. And two, at least
one other shell, Solaris /bin/sh, choked on this by
persisting IFS after the read invocation. That is not a
shell we usually care about, and I think this use of IFS is
acceptable by POSIX (which allows other behavior near
"special builtins", but "read" is not one of those). But it
seems that this may be a subtle, not-well-tested case for
some shells. Given that the workaround is so simple, it's
worth just being defensive.
Signed-off-by: Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net>
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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t0300 creates some helper shell scripts, and marks them with
"!/bin/sh". Even though the scripts are fairly simple, they
can fail on broken shells (specifically, Solaris /bin/sh
will persist a temporary assignment to IFS in a "read"
command).
Rather than work around the problem for Solaris /bin/sh,
using write_script will make sure we point to a known-good
shell that the user has given us.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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When parsing a URL into a credential struct, we carefully
record each part of the URL, including the path on the
remote host, and use the result as part of the credential
context.
This had two practical implications:
1. Credential helpers which store a credential for later
access are likely to use the "path" portion as part of
the storage key. That means that a request to
https://example.com/foo.git
would not use the same credential that was stored in an
earlier request for:
https://example.com/bar.git
2. The prompt shown to the user includes all relevant
context, including the path.
In most cases, however, users will have a single password
per host. The behavior in (1) will be inconvenient, and the
prompt in (2) will be overly long.
This patch introduces a config option to toggle the
relevance of http paths. When turned on, we use the path as
before. When turned off, we drop the path component from the
context: helpers don't see it, and it does not appear in the
prompt.
This is nothing you couldn't do with a clever credential
helper at the start of your stack, like:
[credential "http://"]
helper = "!f() { grep -v ^path= ; }; f"
helper = your_real_helper
But doing this:
[credential]
useHttpPath = false
is way easier and more readable. Furthermore, since most
users will want the "off" behavior, that is the new default.
Users who want it "on" can set the variable (either for all
credentials, or just for a subset using
credential.*.useHttpPath).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Credential helpers can help users avoid having to type their
username and password over and over. However, some users may
not want a helper for their password, or they may be running
a helper which caches for a short time. In this case, it is
convenient to provide the non-secret username portion of
their credential via config.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The functionality for credential storage helpers is already
there; we just need to give the users a way to turn it on.
This patch provides a "credential.helper" configuration
variable which allows the user to provide one or more helper
strings.
Rather than simply matching credential.helper, we will also
compare URLs in subsection headings to the current context.
This means you can apply configuration to a subset of
credentials. For example:
[credential "https://example.com"]
helper = foo
would match a request for "https://example.com/foo.git", but
not one for "https://kernel.org/foo.git".
This is overkill for the "helper" variable, since users are
unlikely to want different helpers for different sites (and
since helpers run arbitrary code, they could do the matching
themselves anyway).
However, future patches will add new config variables where
this extra feature will be more useful.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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There are a few places in git that need to get a username
and password credential from the user; the most notable one
is HTTP authentication for smart-http pushing.
Right now the only choices for providing credentials are to
put them plaintext into your ~/.netrc, or to have git prompt
you (either on the terminal or via an askpass program). The
former is not very secure, and the latter is not very
convenient.
Unfortunately, there is no "always best" solution for
password management. The details will depend on the tradeoff
you want between security and convenience, as well as how
git can integrate with other security systems (e.g., many
operating systems provide a keychain or password wallet for
single sign-on).
This patch provides an abstract notion of credentials as a
data item, and provides three basic operations:
- fill (i.e., acquire from external storage or from the
user)
- approve (mark a credential as "working" for further
storage)
- reject (mark a credential as "not working", so it can
be removed from storage)
These operations can be backed by external helper processes
that interact with system- or user-specific secure storage.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Junio C Hamano
Johannes Schindelin
brian m. carlson
Jonathan Nieder
Jeff King
brian m. carlson
Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
Elia Pinto
Matthieu Moy
Michael J Gruber