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2020-03-02Merge branch 'jk/object-filter-with-bitmap'Libravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+4
The object reachability bitmap machinery and the partial cloning machinery were not prepared to work well together, because some object-filtering criteria that partial clones use inherently rely on object traversal, but the bitmap machinery is an optimization to bypass that object traversal. There however are some cases where they can work together, and they were taught about them. * jk/object-filter-with-bitmap: rev-list --count: comment on the use of count_right++ pack-objects: support filters with bitmaps pack-bitmap: implement BLOB_LIMIT filtering pack-bitmap: implement BLOB_NONE filtering bitmap: add bitmap_unset() function rev-list: use bitmap filters for traversal pack-bitmap: basic noop bitmap filter infrastructure rev-list: allow commit-only bitmap traversals t5310: factor out bitmap traversal comparison rev-list: allow bitmaps when counting objects rev-list: make --count work with --objects rev-list: factor out bitmap-optimized routines pack-bitmap: refuse to do a bitmap traversal with pathspecs rev-list: fallback to non-bitmap traversal when filtering pack-bitmap: fix leak of haves/wants object lists pack-bitmap: factor out type iterator initialization
2020-02-14Merge branch 'jk/packfile-reuse-cleanup'Libravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+5
The way "git pack-objects" reuses objects stored in existing pack to generate its result has been improved. * jk/packfile-reuse-cleanup: pack-bitmap: don't rely on bitmap_git->reuse_objects pack-objects: add checks for duplicate objects pack-objects: improve partial packfile reuse builtin/pack-objects: introduce obj_is_packed() pack-objects: introduce pack.allowPackReuse csum-file: introduce hashfile_total() pack-bitmap: simplify bitmap_has_oid_in_uninteresting() pack-bitmap: uninteresting oid can be outside bitmapped packfile pack-bitmap: introduce bitmap_walk_contains() ewah/bitmap: introduce bitmap_word_alloc() packfile: expose get_delta_base() builtin/pack-objects: report reused packfile objects
2020-02-14pack-bitmap: basic noop bitmap filter infrastructureLibravatar Jeff King1-1/+3
Currently you can't use object filters with bitmaps, but we plan to support at least some filters with bitmaps. Let's introduce some infrastructure that will help us do that: - prepare_bitmap_walk() now accepts a list_objects_filter_options parameter (which can be NULL for no filtering; all the current callers pass this) - we'll bail early if the filter is incompatible with bitmaps (just as we would if there were no bitmaps at all). Currently all filters are incompatible. - we'll filter the resulting bitmap; since there are no supported filters yet, this is always a noop. There should be no behavior change yet, but we'll support some actual filters in a future patch. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2020-02-14rev-list: allow commit-only bitmap traversalsLibravatar Jeff King1-0/+1
Ever since we added reachability bitmap support, we've been able to use it with rev-list to get the full list of objects, like: git rev-list --objects --use-bitmap-index --all But you can't do so without --objects, since we weren't ready to just show the commits. However, the internals of the bitmap code are mostly ready for this: they avoid opening up trees when walking to fill in the bitmaps. We just need to actually pass in the rev_info to traverse_bitmap_commit_list() so it knows which types to bother triggering our callback for. For completeness, the perf test now covers both the existing --objects case, as well as the new commits-only behavior (the objects one got way faster when we introduced bitmaps, but obviously isn't improved now). Here are numbers for linux.git: Test HEAD^ HEAD ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5310.7: rev-list (commits) 8.29(8.10+0.19) 1.76(1.72+0.04) -78.8% 5310.8: rev-list (objects) 8.06(7.94+0.12) 8.14(7.94+0.13) +1.0% That run was cheating a little, as I didn't have any commit-graph in the repository, and we'd built it by default these days when running git-gc. Here are numbers with a commit-graph: Test HEAD^ HEAD ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5310.7: rev-list (commits) 0.70(0.58+0.12) 0.51(0.46+0.04) -27.1% 5310.8: rev-list (objects) 6.20(6.09+0.10) 6.27(6.16+0.11) +1.1% Still an improvement, but a lot less impressive. We could have the perf script remove any commit-graph to show the out-sized effect, but it probably makes sense to leave it in what would be a more typical setup. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2020-01-23pack-objects: improve partial packfile reuseLibravatar Jeff King1-1/+2
The old code to reuse deltas from an existing packfile just tried to dump a whole segment of the pack verbatim. That's faster than the traditional way of actually adding objects to the packing list, but it didn't kick in very often. This new code is really going for a middle ground: do _some_ per-object work, but way less than we'd traditionally do. The general strategy of the new code is to make a bitmap of objects from the packfile we'll include, and then iterate over it, writing out each object exactly as it is in our on-disk pack, but _not_ adding it to our packlist (which costs memory, and increases the search space for deltas). One complication is that if we're omitting some objects, we can't set a delta against a base that we're not sending. So we have to check each object in try_partial_reuse() to make sure we have its delta. About performance, in the worst case we might have interleaved objects that we are sending or not sending, and we'd have as many chunks as objects. But in practice we send big chunks. For instance, packing torvalds/linux on GitHub servers now reused 6.5M objects, but only needed ~50k chunks. Helped-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2020-01-23pack-bitmap: introduce bitmap_walk_contains()Libravatar Jeff King1-0/+3
We will use this helper function in a following commit to tell us if an object is packed. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2019-09-28pack-bitmap.h: remove magic numberLibravatar Denton Liu1-3/+3
When we ran `make hdr-check` with the following patch diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index f879697ea3..d8df4e316b 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -2773,7 +2773,7 @@ CHK_HDRS = $(filter-out $(EXCEPT_HDRS),$(patsubst ./%,%,$(LIB_H))) HCO = $(patsubst %.h,%.hco,$(CHK_HDRS)) $(HCO): %.hco: %.h FORCE - $(QUIET_HDR)$(CC) -include git-compat-util.h -I. -o /dev/null -c -xc $< + $(QUIET_HDR)$(CC) -include git-compat-util.h -I. -o /dev/null -c -xc $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< .PHONY: hdr-check $(HCO) hdr-check: $(HCO) and with `DEVELOPER=1`, we got the following warning on Arch Linux: pack-bitmap.h:20:19: error: ‘BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE’ defined but not used [-Werror=unused-const-variable=] 20 | static const char BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE[] = {'B', 'I', 'T', 'M'}; | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ cc1: all warnings being treated as errors "Use" the BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE variable by making the size of bitmap_disk_header.magic equal to the size of BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE, thereby eliminating the magic number (4). An alternative was to simply add MAYBE_UNUSED, however that does not eliminate the magic number. Another alternative was to change the definition to extern const char BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE[4]; However, this design was also not chosen as the static definition allows us to keep the declaration together for readability along with removing the magic number. Signed-off-by: Denton Liu <liu.denton@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2019-06-20pack-bitmap: convert khash_sha1 maps into kh_oid_mapLibravatar Jeff King1-1/+1
All of the users of our khash_sha1 maps actually have a "struct object_id". Let's use the more descriptive type. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2019-04-01pack-bitmap: switch hash tables to use struct object_idLibravatar brian m. carlson1-1/+1
Instead of storing unsigned char pointers in the hash tables, switch to storing instances of struct object_id. Update several internal functions and one external function to take pointers to struct object_id. Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2019-04-01pack-bitmap: make bitmap header handling hash agnosticLibravatar brian m. carlson1-1/+1
Increase the checksum field in struct bitmap_disk_header to be GIT_MAX_RAWSZ bytes in length and ensure that we hash the proper number of bytes out when computing the bitmap checksum. Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2018-11-12pack-*.c: remove the_repository referencesLibravatar Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy1-1/+2
Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2018-09-04bitmap_has_sha1_in_uninteresting(): drop BUG checkLibravatar Jeff King1-1/+1
Commit 30cdc33fba (pack-bitmap: save "have" bitmap from walk, 2018-08-21) introduced a new function for looking at the "have" side of a bitmap walk. Because it only makes sense to do so after we've finished the walk, we added an extra safety assertion, making sure that bitmap_git->result is non-NULL. However, this safety is misguided. It was trying to catch the case where we had called prepare_bitmap_walk() to give us a "struct bitmap_index", but had not yet called traverse_bitmap_commit_list() to walk it. But all of the interesting computation (including setting up the result and "have" bitmaps) happens in the first function! The latter function only delivers the result to a callback function. So the case we were worried about is impossible; if you get a non-NULL result from prepare_bitmap_walk(), then its "have" field will be fully formed. But much worse, traverse_bitmap_commit_list() actually frees the result field as it finishes. Which means that this assertion is worse than useless: it's almost guaranteed to trigger! Our test suite didn't catch this because the function isn't actually exercised at all. The only caller comes from 6a1e32d532 (pack-objects: reuse on-disk deltas for thin "have" objects, 2018-08-21), and that's triggered only when you fetch or push history that contains an object with a base that is found deep in history. Our test suite fetches and pushes either don't use bitmaps, or use too-small example repositories. But any reasonably-sized real-world push or fetch (with bitmaps) would trigger this. This patch drops the harmful assertion and tweaks the docstring for the function to make the precondition clear. The tests need to be improved to exercise this new pack-objects feature, but we'll do that in a separate commit. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2018-08-21pack-bitmap: save "have" bitmap from walkLibravatar Jeff King1-0/+7
When we do a bitmap walk, we save the result, which represents (WANTs & ~HAVEs); i.e., every object we care about visiting in our walk. However, we throw away the haves bitmap, which can sometimes be useful, too. Save it and provide an access function so code which has performed a walk can query it. A few notes on the accessor interface: - the bitmap code calls these "haves" because it grew out of the want/have negotiation for fetches. But really, these are simply the objects that would be flagged UNINTERESTING in a regular traversal. Let's use that more universal nomenclature for the external module interface. We may want to change the internal naming inside the bitmap code, but that's outside the scope of this patch. - it still uses a bare "sha1" rather than "oid". That's true of all of the bitmap code. And in this particular instance, our caller in pack-objects is dealing with the bare sha1 that comes from a packed REF_DELTA (we're pointing directly to the mmap'd pack on disk). That's something we'll have to deal with as we transition to a new hash, but we can wait and see how the caller ends up being fixed and adjust this interface accordingly. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2018-08-15Add missing includes and forward declarationsLibravatar Elijah Newren1-0/+3
I looped over the toplevel header files, creating a temporary two-line C program for each consisting of #include "git-compat-util.h" #include $HEADER This patch is the result of manually fixing errors in compiling those tiny programs. Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2018-06-21pack-bitmap: add free functionLibravatar Jonathan Tan1-0/+1
Add a function to free struct bitmap_index instances, and use it where needed (except when rebuild_existing_bitmaps() is used, since it creates references to the bitmaps within the struct bitmap_index passed to it). Note that the hashes field in struct bitmap_index is not freed because it points to another field within the same struct. The documentation for that field has been updated to clarify that. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2018-06-21pack-bitmap: remove bitmap_git global variableLibravatar Jonathan Tan1-6/+13
Remove the bitmap_git global variable. Instead, generate on demand an instance of struct bitmap_index for code that needs to access it. This allows us significant control over the lifetime of instances of struct bitmap_index. In particular, packs can now be closed without worrying if an unnecessarily long-lived "pack" field in struct bitmap_index still points to it. The bitmap API is also clearer in that we need to first obtain a struct bitmap_index, then we use it. This patch raises two potential issues: (1) memory for the struct bitmap_index is allocated without being freed, and (2) prepare_bitmap_git() and prepare_bitmap_walk() can reuse a previously loaded bitmap. For (1), this will be dealt with in a subsequent patch in this patch set that also deals with freeing the contents of the struct bitmap_index (which were not freed previously, because they have global scope). For (2), current bitmap users only load the bitmap once at most (note that pack-objects can use bitmaps or write bitmaps, but not both at the same time), so support for reuse has no effect - and future users can pass around the struct bitmap_index * obtained if they need to do 2 or more things with the same bitmap. Helped-by: Stefan Beller <sbeller@google.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com> Helped-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2018-04-16pack-objects: move in_pack_pos out of struct object_entryLibravatar Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy1-1/+3
This field is only need for pack-bitmap, which is an optional feature. Move it to a separate array that is only allocated when pack-bitmap is used (like objects[], it is not freed, since we need it until the end of the process) Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-10-16pack-bitmap: convert traverse_bitmap_commit_list to object_idLibravatar brian m. carlson1-1/+1
Convert traverse_bitmap_commit_list and the callbacks it takes to use a pointer to struct object_id. Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2015-01-15pack-bitmap.c: make pack_bitmap_filename() staticLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+0
Reviewed-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2014-11-30pack-bitmap: do not use gcc packed attributeLibravatar Karsten Blees1-6/+0
The "__attribute__" flag may be a noop on some compilers. That's OK as long as the code is correct without the attribute, but in this case it is not. We would typically end up with a struct that is 2 bytes too long due to struct padding, breaking both reading and writing of bitmaps. Instead of marshalling the data in a struct, let's just provide helpers for reading and writing the appropriate types. Besides being correct on all platforms, the result is more efficient and simpler to read. Signed-off-by: Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2013-12-30pack-bitmap: implement optional name_hash cacheLibravatar Vicent Marti1-2/+4
When we use pack bitmaps rather than walking the object graph, we end up with the list of objects to include in the packfile, but we do not know the path at which any tree or blob objects would be found. In a recently packed repository, this is fine. A fetch would use the paths only as a heuristic in the delta compression phase, and a fully packed repository should not need to do much delta compression. As time passes, though, we may acquire more objects on top of our large bitmapped pack. If clients fetch frequently, then they never even look at the bitmapped history, and all works as usual. However, a client who has not fetched since the last bitmap repack will have "have" tips in the bitmapped history, but "want" newer objects. The bitmaps themselves degrade gracefully in this circumstance. We manually walk the more recent bits of history, and then use bitmaps when we hit them. But we would also like to perform delta compression between the newer objects and the bitmapped objects (both to delta against what we know the user already has, but also between "new" and "old" objects that the user is fetching). The lack of pathnames makes our delta heuristics much less effective. This patch adds an optional cache of the 32-bit name_hash values to the end of the bitmap file. If present, a reader can use it to match bitmapped and non-bitmapped names during delta compression. Here are perf results for p5310: Test origin/master HEAD^ HEAD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5310.2: repack to disk 36.81(37.82+1.43) 47.70(48.74+1.41) +29.6% 47.75(48.70+1.51) +29.7% 5310.3: simulated clone 30.78(29.70+2.14) 1.08(0.97+0.10) -96.5% 1.07(0.94+0.12) -96.5% 5310.4: simulated fetch 3.16(6.10+0.08) 3.54(10.65+0.06) +12.0% 1.70(3.07+0.06) -46.2% 5310.6: partial bitmap 36.76(43.19+1.81) 6.71(11.25+0.76) -81.7% 4.08(6.26+0.46) -88.9% You can see that the time spent on an incremental fetch goes down, as our delta heuristics are able to do their work. And we save time on the partial bitmap clone for the same reason. Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2013-12-30pack-objects: implement bitmap writingLibravatar Vicent Marti1-0/+19
This commit extends more the functionality of `pack-objects` by allowing it to write out a `.bitmap` index next to any written packs, together with the `.idx` index that currently gets written. If bitmap writing is enabled for a given repository (either by calling `pack-objects` with the `--write-bitmap-index` flag or by having `pack.writebitmaps` set to `true` in the config) and pack-objects is writing a packfile that would normally be indexed (i.e. not piping to stdout), we will attempt to write the corresponding bitmap index for the packfile. Bitmap index writing happens after the packfile and its index has been successfully written to disk (`finish_tmp_packfile`). The process is performed in several steps: 1. `bitmap_writer_set_checksum`: this call stores the partial checksum for the packfile being written; the checksum will be written in the resulting bitmap index to verify its integrity 2. `bitmap_writer_build_type_index`: this call uses the array of `struct object_entry` that has just been sorted when writing out the actual packfile index to disk to generate 4 type-index bitmaps (one for each object type). These bitmaps have their nth bit set if the given object is of the bitmap's type. E.g. the nth bit of the Commits bitmap will be 1 if the nth object in the packfile index is a commit. This is a very cheap operation because the bitmap writing code has access to the metadata stored in the `struct object_entry` array, and hence the real type for each object in the packfile. 3. `bitmap_writer_reuse_bitmaps`: if there exists an existing bitmap index for one of the packfiles we're trying to repack, this call will efficiently rebuild the existing bitmaps so they can be reused on the new index. All the existing bitmaps will be stored in a `reuse` hash table, and the commit selection phase will prioritize these when selecting, as they can be written directly to the new index without having to perform a revision walk to fill the bitmap. This can greatly speed up the repack of a repository that already has bitmaps. 4. `bitmap_writer_select_commits`: if bitmap writing is enabled for a given `pack-objects` run, the sequence of commits generated during the Counting Objects phase will be stored in an array. We then use that array to build up the list of selected commits. Writing a bitmap in the index for each object in the repository would be cost-prohibitive, so we use a simple heuristic to pick the commits that will be indexed with bitmaps. The current heuristics are a simplified version of JGit's original implementation. We select a higher density of commits depending on their age: the 100 most recent commits are always selected, after that we pick 1 commit of each 100, and the gap increases as the commits grow older. On top of that, we make sure that every single branch that has not been merged (all the tips that would be required from a clone) gets their own bitmap, and when selecting commits between a gap, we tend to prioritize the commit with the most parents. Do note that there is no right/wrong way to perform commit selection; different selection algorithms will result in different commits being selected, but there's no such thing as "missing a commit". The bitmap walker algorithm implemented in `prepare_bitmap_walk` is able to adapt to missing bitmaps by performing manual walks that complete the bitmap: the ideal selection algorithm, however, would select the commits that are more likely to be used as roots for a walk in the future (e.g. the tips of each branch, and so on) to ensure a bitmap for them is always available. 5. `bitmap_writer_build`: this is the computationally expensive part of bitmap generation. Based on the list of commits that were selected in the previous step, we perform several incremental walks to generate the bitmap for each commit. The walks begin from the oldest commit, and are built up incrementally for each branch. E.g. consider this dag where A, B, C, D, E, F are the selected commits, and a, b, c, e are a chunk of simplified history that will not receive bitmaps. A---a---B--b--C--c--D \ E--e--F We start by building the bitmap for A, using A as the root for a revision walk and marking all the objects that are reachable until the walk is over. Once this bitmap is stored, we reuse the bitmap walker to perform the walk for B, assuming that once we reach A again, the walk will be terminated because A has already been SEEN on the previous walk. This process is repeated for C, and D, but when we try to generate the bitmaps for E, we can reuse neither the current walk nor the bitmap we have generated so far. What we do now is resetting both the walk and clearing the bitmap, and performing the walk from scratch using E as the origin. This new walk, however, does not need to be completed. Once we hit B, we can lookup the bitmap we have already stored for that commit and OR it with the existing bitmap we've composed so far, allowing us to limit the walk early. After all the bitmaps have been generated, another iteration through the list of commits is performed to find the best XOR offsets for compression before writing them to disk. Because of the incremental nature of these bitmaps, XORing one of them with its predecesor results in a minimal "bitmap delta" most of the time. We can write this delta to the on-disk bitmap index, and then re-compose the original bitmaps by XORing them again when loaded. This is a phase very similar to pack-object's `find_delta` (using bitmaps instead of objects, of course), except the heuristics have been greatly simplified: we only check the 10 bitmaps before any given one to find best compressing one. This gives good results in practice, because there is locality in the ordering of the objects (and therefore bitmaps) in the packfile. 6. `bitmap_writer_finish`: the last step in the process is serializing to disk all the bitmap data that has been generated in the two previous steps. The bitmap is written to a tmp file and then moved atomically to its final destination, using the same process as `pack-write.c:write_idx_file`. Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2013-12-30pack-bitmap: add support for bitmap indexesLibravatar Vicent Marti1-0/+43
A bitmap index is a `.bitmap` file that can be found inside `$GIT_DIR/objects/pack/`, next to its corresponding packfile, and contains precalculated reachability information for selected commits. The full specification of the format for these bitmap indexes can be found in `Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt`. For a given commit SHA1, if it happens to be available in the bitmap index, its bitmap will represent every single object that is reachable from the commit itself. The nth bit in the bitmap is the nth object in the packfile; if it's set to 1, the object is reachable. By using the bitmaps available in the index, this commit implements several new functions: - `prepare_bitmap_git` - `prepare_bitmap_walk` - `traverse_bitmap_commit_list` - `reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap` The `prepare_bitmap_walk` function tries to build a bitmap of all the objects that can be reached from the commit roots of a given `rev_info` struct by using the following algorithm: - If all the interesting commits for a revision walk are available in the index, the resulting reachability bitmap is the bitwise OR of all the individual bitmaps. - When the full set of WANTs is not available in the index, we perform a partial revision walk using the commits that don't have bitmaps as roots, and limiting the revision walk as soon as we reach a commit that has a corresponding bitmap. The earlier OR'ed bitmap with all the indexed commits can now be completed as this walk progresses, so the end result is the full reachability list. - For revision walks with a HAVEs set (a set of commits that are deemed uninteresting), first we perform the same method as for the WANTs, but using our HAVEs as roots, in order to obtain a full reachability bitmap of all the uninteresting commits. This bitmap then can be used to: a) limit the subsequent walk when building the WANTs bitmap b) finding the final set of interesting commits by performing an AND-NOT of the WANTs and the HAVEs. If `prepare_bitmap_walk` runs successfully, the resulting bitmap is stored and the equivalent of a `traverse_commit_list` call can be performed by using `traverse_bitmap_commit_list`; the bitmap version of this call yields the objects straight from the packfile index (without having to look them up or parse them) and hence is several orders of magnitude faster. As an extra optimization, when `prepare_bitmap_walk` succeeds, the `reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap` call can be attempted: it will find the amount of objects at the beginning of the on-disk packfile that can be reused as-is, and return an offset into the packfile. The source packfile can then be loaded and the bytes up to `offset` can be written directly to the result without having to consider the entires inside the packfile individually. If the `prepare_bitmap_walk` call fails (e.g. because no bitmap files are available), the `rev_info` struct is left untouched, and can be used to perform a manual rev-walk using `traverse_commit_list`. Hence, this new set of functions are a generic API that allows to perform the equivalent of git rev-list --objects [roots...] [^uninteresting...] for any set of commits, even if they don't have specific bitmaps generated for them. In further patches, we'll use this bitmap traversal optimization to speed up the `pack-objects` and `rev-list` commands. Signed-off-by: Vicent Marti <tanoku@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>