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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Doc update.
* tb/local-clone-race-doc:
Documentation/git-clone.txt: document race with --local
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Doc update.
* bc/doc-status-short:
docs: rephrase and clarify the git status --short format
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Doc update.
* ug/doc-lose-dircache:
doc: remove "directory cache" from man pages
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Doc update.
* vv/send-email-with-less-secure-apps-access:
git-send-email.txt: mention less secure app access with Gmail
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Doc update.
* jc/sign-off:
SubmittingPatches: tighten wording on "sign-off" procedure
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Follow-up on the "maintenance part-3" which introduced scheduled
maintenance tasks to support platforms whose native scheduling
methods are not 'cron'.
* ds/maintenance-part-4:
maintenance: use Windows scheduled tasks
maintenance: use launchctl on macOS
maintenance: include 'cron' details in docs
maintenance: extract platform-specific scheduling
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Doc update.
* ma/doc-pack-format-varint-for-sizes:
pack-format.txt: document sizes at start of delta data
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Doc fix.
* pb/doc-modules-git-work-tree-typofix:
gitmodules.txt: fix 'GIT_WORK_TREE' variable name
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Doc fix.
* ta/doc-typofix:
doc: fix some typos
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"git rev-parse" can be explicitly told to give output as absolute
or relative path with the `--path-format=(absolute|relative)` option.
* bc/rev-parse-path-format:
rev-parse: add option for absolute or relative path formatting
abspath: add a function to resolve paths with missing components
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The configuration variable 'core.abbrev' can be set to 'no' to
force no abbreviation regardless of the hash algorithm.
* ew/decline-core-abbrev:
core.abbrev=no disables abbreviations
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When running 'git clone --local', the operation may fail if another
process is modifying the source repository. Document that this race
condition is known to hopefully help anyone who may run into it.
Suggested-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Taylor Blau <me@ttaylorr.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The table describing the porcelain format in git-status(1) is helpful,
but it's not completely clear what the three sections mean, even to
some contributors. As a result, users are unable to find how to detect
common cases like merge conflicts programmatically.
Let's improve this situation by rephrasing to be more explicit about
what each of the sections in the table means, to tell users in plain
language which cases are occurring, and to describe what "unmerged"
means.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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"directory cache" (or "directory cache index", "cache") are obsolete
terms which have been superseded by "index". Keeping them in the
documentation may be a source of confusion. This commit replaces
them with the current term, "index", on man pages.
Signed-off-by: Utku Gultopu <ugultopu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Google may have changed Gmail security and now less secure app access
needs to be explicitly enabled if two-factor authentication is not in
place, otherwise send-email fails with:
5.7.8 Username and Password not accepted. Learn more at
5.7.8 https://support.google.com/mail/?p=BadCredentials
Document steps required to make this work.
Signed-off-by: Vasyl Vavrychuk <vvavrychuk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
[dl: Clean up commit message and incorporate suggestions into patch.]
Signed-off-by: Denton Liu <liu.denton@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The text says "if you can certify DCO then you add a Signed-off-by
trailer". But it does not say anything about people who cannot or
do not want to certify. A natural reading may be that if you do not
certify, you must not add the trailer, but it shouldn't hurt to be
overly explicit.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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"git worktree repair" learned to deal with the case where both the
repository and the worktree moved.
* es/worktree-repair-both-moved:
worktree: teach `repair` to fix multi-directional breakage
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The "--format=%(trailers)" mechanism gets enhanced to make it
easier to design output for machine consumption.
* ab/trailers-extra-format:
pretty format %(trailers): add a "key_value_separator"
pretty format %(trailers): add a "keyonly"
pretty-format %(trailers): fix broken standalone "valueonly"
pretty format %(trailers) doc: avoid repetition
pretty format %(trailers) test: split a long line
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Git's background maintenance uses cron by default, but this is not
available on Windows. Instead, integrate with Task Scheduler.
Tasks can be scheduled using the 'schtasks' command. There are several
command-line options that can allow for some advanced scheduling, but
unfortunately these seem to all require authenticating using a password.
Instead, use the "/xml" option to pass an XML file that contains the
configuration for the necessary schedule. These XML files are based on
some that I exported after constructing a schedule in the Task Scheduler
GUI. These options only run background maintenance when the user is
logged in, and more fields are populated with the current username and
SID at run-time by 'schtasks'.
Since the GIT_TEST_MAINT_SCHEDULER environment variable allows us to
specify 'schtasks' as the scheduler, we can test the Windows-specific
logic on other platforms. Thus, add a check that the XML file written
by Git is valid when xmllint exists on the system.
Since we use a temporary file for the XML files sent to 'schtasks', we
prefix the random characters with the frequency so it is easier to
examine the proper file during tests. Instead of an exact match on the
'args' file, we 'grep' for the arguments other than the filename.
There is a deficiency in the current design. Windows has two kinds of
applications: GUI applications that start by "winmain()" and console
applications that start by "main()". Console applications are attached
to a new Console window if they are not already associated with a GUI
application. This means that every hour the scheudled task launches a
command window for the scheduled tasks. Not only is this visually
obtrusive, but it also takes focus from whatever else the user is
doing!
A simple fix would be to insert a GUI application that acts as a shim
between the scheduled task and Git. This is currently possible in Git
for Windows by setting the <Command> tag equal to
C:\Program Files\Git\git-bash.exe
with options "--hide --no-needs-console --command=cmd\git.exe"
followed by the arguments currently used. Since git-bash.exe is not
included in Windows builds of core Git, I chose to leave out this
feature. My plan is to submit a small patch to Git for Windows that
converts the use of git.exe with this use of git-bash.exe in the
short term. In the long term, we can consider creating this GUI
shim application within core Git, perhaps in contrib/.
Co-authored-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The existing mechanism for scheduling background maintenance is done
through cron. The 'crontab -e' command allows updating the schedule
while cron itself runs those commands. While this is technically
supported by macOS, it has some significant deficiencies:
1. Every run of 'crontab -e' must request elevated privileges through
the user interface. When running 'git maintenance start' from the
Terminal app, it presents a dialog box saying "Terminal.app would
like to administer your computer. Administration can include
modifying passwords, networking, and system settings." This is more
alarming than what we are hoping to achieve. If this alert had some
information about how "git" is trying to run "crontab" then we would
have some reason to believe that this dialog might be fine. However,
it also doesn't help that some scenarios just leave Git waiting for
a response without presenting anything to the user. I experienced
this when executing the command from a Bash terminal view inside
Visual Studio Code.
2. While cron initializes a user environment enough for "git config
--global --show-origin" to show the correct config file information,
it does not set up the environment enough for Git Credential Manager
Core to load credentials during a 'prefetch' task. My prefetches
against private repositories required re-authenticating through UI
pop-ups in a way that should not be required.
The solution is to switch from cron to the Apple-recommended [1]
'launchd' tool.
[1] https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Chapters/ScheduledJobs.html
The basics of this tool is that we need to create XML-formatted
"plist" files inside "~/Library/LaunchAgents/" and then use the
'launchctl' tool to make launchd aware of them. The plist files
include all of the scheduling information, along with the command-line
arguments split across an array of <string> tags.
For example, here is my plist file for the weekly scheduled tasks:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0"><dict>
<key>Label</key><string>org.git-scm.git.weekly</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/usr/local/libexec/git-core/git</string>
<string>--exec-path=/usr/local/libexec/git-core</string>
<string>for-each-repo</string>
<string>--config=maintenance.repo</string>
<string>maintenance</string>
<string>run</string>
<string>--schedule=weekly</string>
</array>
<key>StartCalendarInterval</key>
<array>
<dict>
<key>Day</key><integer>0</integer>
<key>Hour</key><integer>0</integer>
<key>Minute</key><integer>0</integer>
</dict>
</array>
</dict>
</plist>
The schedules for the daily and hourly tasks are more complicated
since we need to use an array for the StartCalendarInterval with
an entry for each of the six days other than the 0th day (to avoid
colliding with the weekly task), and each of the 23 hours other
than the 0th hour (to avoid colliding with the daily task).
The "Label" value is currently filled with "org.git-scm.git.X"
where X is the frequency. We need a different plist file for each
frequency.
The launchctl command needs to be aligned with a user id in order
to initialize the command environment. This must be done using
the 'launchctl bootstrap' subcommand. This subcommand is new as
of macOS 10.11, which was released in September 2015. Before that
release the 'launchctl load' subcommand was recommended. The best
source of information on this transition I have seen is available
at [2]. The current design does not preclude a future version that
detects the available fatures of 'launchctl' to use the older
commands. However, it is best to rely on the newest version since
Apple might completely remove the deprecated version on short
notice.
[2] https://babodee.wordpress.com/2016/04/09/launchctl-2-0-syntax/
To remove a schedule, we must run 'launchctl bootout' with a valid
plist file. We also need to 'bootout' a task before the 'bootstrap'
subcommand will succeed, if such a task already exists.
The need for a user id requires us to run 'id -u' which works on
POSIX systems but not Windows. Further, the need for fully-qualitifed
path names including $HOME behaves differently in the Git internals and
the external test suite. The $HOME variable starts with "C:\..." instead
of the "/c/..." that is provided by Git in these subcommands. The test
therefore has a prerequisite that we are not on Windows. The cross-
platform logic still allows us to test the macOS logic on a Linux
machine.
We can verify the commands that were run by 'git maintenance start'
and 'git maintenance stop' by injecting a script that writes the
command-line arguments into GIT_TEST_MAINT_SCHEDULER.
An earlier version of this patch accidentally had an opening
"<dict>" tag when it should have had a closing "</dict>" tag. This
was caught during manual testing with actual 'launchctl' commands,
but we do not want to update developers' tasks when running tests.
It appears that macOS includes the "xmllint" tool which can verify
the XML format. This is useful for any system that might contain
the tool, so use it whenever it is available.
We strive to make these tests work on all platforms, but Windows caused
some headaches. In particular, the value of getuid() called by the C
code is not guaranteed to be the same as `$(id -u)` invoked by a test.
This is because `git.exe` is a native Windows program, whereas the
utility programs run by the test script mostly utilize the MSYS2 runtime,
which emulates a POSIX-like environment. Since the purpose of the test
is to check that the input to the hook is well-formed, the actual user
ID is immaterial, thus we can work around the problem by making the the
test UID-agnostic. Another subtle issue is the $HOME environment
variable being a Windows-style path instead of a Unix-style path. We can
be more flexible here instead of expecting exact path matches.
Helped-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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We document the delta data as a set of instructions, but forget to
document the two sizes that precede those instructions: the size of the
base object and the size of the object to be reconstructed. Fix this
omission.
Rather than cramming all the details about the encoding into the running
text, introduce a separate section detailing our "size encoding" and
refer to it.
Reported-by: Ross Light <ross@zombiezen.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Ågren <martin.agren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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'gitmodules.txt' is a guide about the '.gitmodules' file that describes
submodule properties, and that file must exist at the root of the
repository. This was clarified in e5b5c1d2cf (Document clarification:
gitmodules, gitattributes, 2008-08-31).
However, that commit mistakenly uses the non-existing environment
variable 'GIT_WORK_DIR' to refer to the root of the repository.
Fix that by using the correct variable, 'GIT_WORK_TREE'. Take the
opportunity to modernize and improve the formatting of that guide,
and fix a grammar mistake.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Blain <levraiphilippeblain@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Martin Ågren <martin.agren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Signed-off-by: Thomas Ackermann <th.acker@arcor.de>
Acked-by: Martin Ågren <martin.agren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Docfix.
* pb/doc-git-linkit-fix:
git.txt: fix typos in 'linkgit' macro invocation
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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This allows users to write hash-agnostic scripts and configs by
disabling abbreviations. Using "-c core.abbrev=40" will be
insufficient with SHA-256, and "-c core.abbrev=64" won't work with
SHA-1 repos today.
Signed-off-by: Eric Wong <e@80x24.org>
[jc: tweaked implementation, added doc and a test]
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The 'linkgit' Asciidoc macro is misspelled as 'linkit' in the
description of 'GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR' since the addition of that variable
to git(1) in 902a126eca (doc: mention GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR and
'sequence.editor' more, 2020-08-31). Also, it uses two colons instead of
one.
Fix that.
Signed-off-by: Philippe Blain <levraiphilippeblain@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Add a missing "a" before "bunch".
Signed-off-by: Martin Ågren <martin.agren@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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`git worktree repair` knows how to repair the two-way links between the
repository and a worktree as long as a link in one or the other
direction is sound. For instance, if a linked worktree is moved (without
using `git worktree move`), repair is possible because the worktree
still knows the location of the repository even though the repository no
longer knows where the worktree is. Similarly, if the repository is
moved, repair is possible since the repository still knows the locations
of the worktrees even though the worktrees no longer know where the
repository is.
However, if both the repository and the worktrees are moved, then links
are severed in both directions, and no repair is possible. This is the
case even when the new worktree locations are specified as arguments to
`git worktree repair`. The reason for this limitation is twofold. First,
when `repair` consults the worktree's gitfile (/path/to/worktree/.git)
to determine the corresponding <repo>/worktrees/<id>/gitdir file to fix,
<repo> is the old path to the repository, thus it is unable to fix the
`gitdir` file at its new location since it doesn't know where it is.
Second, when `repair` consults <repo>/worktrees/<id>/gitdir to find the
location of the worktree's gitfile (/path/to/worktree/.git), the path
recorded in `gitdir` is the old location of the worktree's gitfile, thus
it is unable to repair the gitfile since it doesn't know where it is.
Fix these shortcomings by teaching `repair` to attempt to infer the new
location of the <repo>/worktrees/<id>/gitdir file when the location
recorded in the worktree's gitfile has become stale but the file is
otherwise well-formed. The inference is intentionally simple-minded.
For each worktree path specified as an argument, `git worktree repair`
manually reads the ".git" gitfile at that location and, if it is
well-formed, extracts the <id>. It then searches for a corresponding
<id> in <repo>/worktrees/ and, if found, concludes that there is a
reasonable match and updates <repo>/worktrees/<id>/gitdir to point at
the specified worktree path. In order for <repo> to be known, `git
worktree repair` must be run in the main worktree or bare repository.
`git worktree repair` first attempts to repair each incoming
/path/to/worktree/.git gitfile to point at the repository, and then
attempts to repair outgoing <repo>/worktrees/<id>/gitdir files to point
at the worktrees. This sequence was chosen arbitrarily when originally
implemented since the order of fixes is immaterial as long as one side
of the two-way link between the repository and a worktree is sound.
However, for this new repair technique to work, the order must be
reversed. This is because the new inference mechanism, when it is
successful, allows the outgoing <repo>/worktrees/<id>/gitdir file to be
repaired, thus fixing one side of the two-way link. Once that side is
fixed, the other side can be fixed by the existing repair mechanism,
hence the order of repairs is now significant.
Two safeguards are employed to avoid hijacking a worktree from a
different repository if the user accidentally specifies a foreign
worktree as an argument. The first, as described above, is that it
requires an <id> match between the repository and the worktree. That
itself is not foolproof for preventing hijack, so the second safeguard
is that the inference will only kick in if the worktree's
/path/to/worktree/.git gitfile does not point at a repository.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sunshine <sunshine@sunshineco.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Our users are going to be trained to prepare for future change of
init.defaultBranch configuration variable.
* js/init-defaultbranch-advice:
init: provide useful advice about init.defaultBranch
get_default_branch_name(): prepare for showing some advice
branch -m: allow renaming a yet-unborn branch
init: document `init.defaultBranch` better
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Doc update.
* jh/index-v2-doc-on-fsmn:
index-format.txt: document v2 format of file system monitor extension
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Doc update.
* jb/midx-doc-update:
docs: multi-pack-index: remove note about future 'verify' work
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Build optimization.
* rj/make-clean:
Makefile: don't use a versioned temp distribution directory
Makefile: don't try to clean old debian build product
gitweb/Makefile: conditionally include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
Documentation/Makefile: conditionally include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
Documentation/Makefile: conditionally include doc.dep
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Newer versions of xsltproc can assign IDs in HTML documents it
generates in a consistent manner. Use the feature to help format
HTML version of the user manual reproducibly.
* ae/doc-reproducible-html:
doc: make HTML manual reproducible
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The glossary described a branch as an "active" line of development,
which is misleading---a stale and non-moving branch is still a
branch.
* so/glossary-branch-is-not-necessarily-active:
glossary: improve "branch" definition
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"git $cmd $args", when $cmd is not a recognised subcommand, by
default tries to see if $cmd is a typo of an existing subcommand
and optionally executes the corrected command if there is only one
possibility, depending on the setting of help.autocorrect; the
users can now disable the whole thing, including the cycles spent
to find a likely typo, by setting the configuration variable to
'never'.
* dd/help-autocorrect-never:
help.c: help.autocorrect=never means "do not compute suggestions"
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Update the documentation of the file system monitor extension to
describe version 2.
The format was extended to support opaque tokens in:
56c6910028 fsmonitor: change last update timestamp on the index_state to opaque token
Signed-off-by: Jeff Hostetler <jeffhost@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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This was implemented in the 'git multi-pack-index' command and
merged in 468b3221 (Merge branch 'ds/multi-pack-verify',
2018-10-10).
And there's no 'git midx' command.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Reviewed-by: Derrick Stolee <dstolee@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Our documentation does not mention any future plan to change 'master' to
other value. It is a good idea to document this, though.
Initial-patch-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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git rev-parse has several options which print various paths. Some of
these paths are printed relative to the current working directory, and
some are absolute.
Normally, this is not a problem, but there are times when one wants
paths entirely in one format or another. This can be done trivially if
the paths are canonical, but canonicalizing paths is not possible on
some shell scripting environments which lack realpath(1) and also in Go,
which lacks functions that properly canonicalize paths on Windows.
To help out the scripter, let's provide an option which turns most of
the paths printed by git rev-parse to be either relative to the current
working directory or absolute and canonical. Document which options are
affected and which are not so that users are not confused.
This approach is cleaner and tidier than providing duplicates of
existing options which are either relative or absolute.
Note that if the user needs both forms, it is possible to pass an
additional option in the middle of the command line which changes the
behavior of subsequent operations.
Signed-off-by: brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Add a "key_value_separator" option to the "%(trailers)" pretty format,
to go along with the existing "separator" argument. In combination
these two options make it trivial to produce machine-readable (e.g. \0
and \0\0-delimited) format output.
As elaborated on in a previous commit which added "keyonly" it was
needlessly tedious to extract structured data from "%(trailers)"
before the addition of this "key_value_separator" option. As seen by
the test being added here extracting this data now becomes trivial.
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Add support for a "keyonly". This allows for easier parsing out of the
key and value. Before if you didn't want to make assumptions about how
the key was formatted. You'd need to parse it out as e.g.:
--pretty=format:'%H%x00%(trailers:separator=%x00%x00)' \
'%x00%(trailers:separator=%x00%x00,valueonly)'
And then proceed to deduce keys by looking at those two and
subtracting the value plus the hardcoded ": " separator from the
non-valueonly %(trailers) line. Now it's possible to simply do:
--pretty=format:'%H%x00%(trailers:separator=%x00%x00,keyonly)' \
'%x00%(trailers:separator=%x00%x00,valueonly)'
Which at least reduces it to a state machine where you get N keys and
correlate them with N values. Even better would be to have a way to
change the ": " delimiter to something easily machine-readable (a key
might contain ": " too). A follow-up change will add support for that.
I don't really have a use-case for just "keyonly" myself. I suppose it
would be useful in some cases as "key=*" matches case-insensitively,
so a plain "keyonly" will give you the variants of the keys you
matched. I'm mainly adding it to fix the inconsistency with
"valueonly".
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Change the documentation for the various %(trailers) options so it
isn't repeating part of the documentation for "only" about how boolean
values are handled. Instead, let's split the description of that into
general documentation at the top.
It then suffices to refer to it by listing the options as
"opt[=<BOOL>]". I'm also changing it to upper-case "[=<BOOL>]" from
"[=val]" for consistency with "<SEP>"
It took me a couple of readings to realize that these options were
referring back to the "only" option's treatment of boolean
values.
Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Junio C Hamano
Taylor Blau
brian m. carlson
Utku Gultopu
Vasyl Vavrychuk
Derrick Stolee
Martin Ågren
Philippe Blain
Thomas Ackermann
Eric Wong
Eric Sunshine
Jeff Hostetler
Johannes Berg
Johannes Schindelin
Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason