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Describe a DAG and octopus, and change wording of tree object.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Various updates and cleanups for my howto on using branches in GIT
as a Linux subsystem maintainer. Three categories of changes:
1) Updates for new features in GIT 0.99.5
2) Changes to use "git fetch" rather than "git pull" to update
local linus branch.
3) Cleanups suggested by Len Brown
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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"git fetch tag <tag>" stored a tag after dereferencing. Bad.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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The "verify_pathspec()" function doesn't test for ending NUL character in
the pathspec, causing some really funky and unexpected behaviour. It just
happened to work in the cases I had tested.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Sometimes the git-read-tree in git-checkout-script fails for me.
Make sure that the failed status is passed up to caller.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Add documentation related to multi-head work, including $GIT_DIR/remotes/
changes.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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With this we could say:
Pull: master:ko-master +pu:ko-pu
to mean "fast forward ko-master with master, overwrite ko-pu with pu",
and the latter one does not require the remote "pu" to be descendant
of local "ko-pu".
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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With this, you can finally say "git pull jgarzik sil24 pdc2027x".
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Just like "git push" can forcibly update a ref to a value that is not
a fast-forward, teach "git fetch" to do so as well.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Now multi-head fetch is complete, let's migrate the
default configuration for new repositories created with
the "git clone" command.
The original $GIT_DIR/branches is not deprecated yet, but create
remotes directory by default from the templates as well.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Amos Waterland sent in a patch for the pre-multi-head aware
version of "git pull" to do this, but the code changed quite a
bit since then. If there is no argument given to pull from, and
if "origin" makes sense, default to fetch/pull from "origin"
instead of barfing.
[jc: besides, the patch by Amos broke the non-default case where
explicit refspecs are specified, and did not make sure we know
what "origin" means before defaulting to it.]
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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This script uses the list of heads and their origin multi-head "git
fetch" left in the $GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD file, and makes an octopus
merge on top of the current HEAD using them.
The implementation tries to be strict for the sake of safety. It
insists that your working tree is clean (no local changes) and matches
the HEAD, and when any of the merged heads does not automerge, the
whole process is aborted and tries to rewind your working tree is to
the original state.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Update git-pull to match updated git-fetch and allow pull to
fetch from multiple remote references. There is no support for
resolving more than two heads, which will be done with "git
octopus".
Update "git ls-remote" to use git-parse-remote-script.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Traditionally, fetch takes these forms:
$ git fetch <remote>
$ git fetch <remote> <head>
$ git fetch <remote> tag <tag>
This patch updates it to take
$ git fetch <remote> <refspec>...
where:
- A <refspec> of form "<src>:<dst>" is to fetch the objects
needed for the remote ref that matches <src>, and if <dst>
is not empty, store it as a local <dst>.
- "tag" followed by <next> is just an old way of saying
"refs/tags/<next>:refs/tags/<next>"; this mimics the
current behaviour of the third form above and means "fetch
that tag and store it under the same name".
- A single token <refspec> without colon is a shorthand for
"<refspec>:" That is, "fetch that ref but do not store
anywhere".
- when there is no <refspec> specified
- if <remote> is the name of a file under $GIT_DIR/remotes/
(i.e. a new-style shorthand), then it is the same as giving
the <refspec>s listed on Pull: line in that file.
- if <remote> is the name of a file under $GIT_DIR/branches/
(i.e. an old-style shorthand, without trailing path), then it
is the same as giving a single <refspec>
"<remote-name>:refs/heads/<remote>" on the command line, where
<remote-name> is the remote branch name (defaults to HEAD, but
can be overridden by .git/branches/<remote> file having the
URL fragment notation). That is, "fetch that branch head and
store it in refs/heads/<remote>".
- otherwise, it is the same as giving a single <refspec>
that is "HEAD:".
The SHA1 object names of fetched refs are stored in FETCH_HEAD,
one name per line, with a comment to describe where it came from.
This is later used by "git resolve" and "git octopus".
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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All the necessary parsing code is in git-parse-remote-script;
update git-push-script to use it.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Recent changes in git have broken cg-log. git-rev-list no longer
prints "commit" in front of commit hashes. It turn out a local
"prefix" variable in main() shadows a file-scoped "prefix" variable.
The patch removed the local "prefix" variable since its value is never
used (in the intended way, that is). The call to
setup_git_directory() is kept since it has useful side effects.
The file-scoped "prefix" variable is renamed to "commit_prefix" just
in case someone reintroduces "prefix" to hold the return value of
setup_git_directory().
Signed-off-by: Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Some callers to rev-parse were using the output selection flags
inconsistently.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Earlier rounds broke 'whatchanged -p'. In attempting to fix this,
make two axis of output selection in rev-parse orthogonal:
--revs-only tells it not to output things that are not revisions nor
flags that rev-list would take.
--no-revs tells it not to output things that are revisions or
flags that rev-list would take.
--flags tells it not to output parameters that do not start with
a '-'.
--no-flags tells it not to output parameters that starts with a '-'.
So for example 'rev-parse --no-revs -p arch/i386' would yield '-p arch/i386',
while 'rev-parse --no-revs --flags -p archi/i386' would give just '-p'.
Also the meaning of --verify has been made stronger. It now rejects
anything but a single valid rev argument. Earlier it passed some flags
through without complaining.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Pulling from a packed repository over dumb transport without the
server info file fails, so run update-server-info automatically
after a repack by default. This can be disabled with the '-n'
flag.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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And lead the reader to it at the beginning of the manual.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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The merge-base command acquires a new option, '--all', that causes it
to output all the common ancestor candidates. The "git resolve"
command then uses it to pick the optimum merge base by picking the one
that results in the smallest number of nontrivial merges.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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- Use "working tree", "object name", "repository" as the canonical
term consistenly.
- Start formatting tutorial with asciidoc.
- Mention shared repository style of cooperation.
- Update with some usability enhancements recently made, such as
the "-m" flag to the "git commit" command.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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This uses the fixed rev-parse to allow passing diff options to the
underlying diff command. For example:
$ git diff -r HEAD
shows the output in raw-diff format, and
$ git diff -p -R HEAD | git apply
generates a patch to go back from your working tree to HEAD commit
(i.e. an expensive way to say "git checkout -f HEAD").
At the same time, it accidentally removes the use of shell arrays.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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This trivial patch makes "git-rev-list" able to handle not being in
the top-level directory. This magically also makes "git-whatchanged"
do the right thing.
Trivial scripting fix to make sure that "git log" also works.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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This makes the argument to --default and any --flags arguments should up
correctly, and makes "--" together with --flags act sanely.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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The text does not say anything interesting, but at least the
author list should reflect something close to reality.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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I have been feeling that the current behaviour of "git reset" is
not quite optimal, but so far could not express exactly what I
felt was wrong with it. This patch clarifies it.
There are at least two situations you may want to "reset" your
working tree.
1. You made a mess in your working tree. You want to switch
back to a known good state and start over. This mess may be
a result of your own editing, a merge that had too many
conflicting changes that you do not feel like to resolve by
hand at this moment, or a botched application of a patch you
received from somewhere.
In this case, you would want to have "git reset HEAD" reset
the index file to the tree read from the HEAD commit and the
files in the working tree to match index (i.e. "git status"
should say "Nothing to commit", without any "unrecorded
changes").
The current behaviour leaves the files in the working tree
intact, which requires you to run "git checkout -f". Also
you need to remember "rm -f" any files that the botched patch
may have left in the working tree if the purpose of this
"reset" is to attempt to apply it again; most likely the
patch would fail if such a file is left behind.
2. You have discovered that commits you made earlier need to be
reorganized. The simplest example is to undo the last
commit, re-edit some files, and redo the commit. Another
simple eample is to undo the last two commits, and commit the
changes in those two commits as a single commit.
In this case, you would want to have "git reset HEAD^" reset
the $GIT_DIR/HEAD to the commit object name of the parent
commit of the current commit (i.e. rewinding one commit),
leave the index file and the files in the working tree in a
state where you can easily make a commit that records a tree
that resembles what you have in the current index file and
the working tree.
The current behaviour is almost OK for this purpose, except
that you need to find which files you need to manually run
"git add" yourself. They are files that are in the original
HEAD commit and not in the commit you are resetting to.
The default without the type flag is to do "--mixed", which is
the current behaviour.
$ git reset [ --hard | --soft | --mixed ] [ <commit-ish> ]
A hard reset would be used for 1 and works in this way:
(1) remember the set of paths that appear in the current
index file (which may even have unmerged entries) and
the current $GIT_DIR/HEAD commit.
(2) "read-tree --reset" the specified <commit-ish> (default
to HEAD), followed by "checkout-cache -f -u -a".
(3) remove any files that appear in (1) but not in
<commit-ish> from the working tree.
(4) backup $GIT_DIR/HEAD to $GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD and update
$GIT_DIR/HEAD with the specified <commit-ish>.
(5) remove leftover $GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD
A soft reset would be used for 2 and works in this way:
(1) Make sure that the index file is merged and we do not
have MERGE_HEAD; otherwise it does not make sense to do
soft reset.
(2) backup $GIT_DIR/HEAD to $GIT_DIR/ORIG_HEAD and update
$GIT_DIR/HEAD with the specified <commit-ish>.
Note that with the current behaviour, "git diff" is the way to
see what could be committed immediately after "git reset". With
the "soft reset" described here you would need to say "git diff
HEAD" to find that out.
I am not sure what mixed reset (the current behaviour) is good
for. If nobody comes up with a good use case it may not be a
bad idea to remove it.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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When showing only one branch a lot of default output becomes redundant,
so clean it up a bit, and document what is shown. Retire the earlier
implementation "git-show-branches-script".
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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The 'git show-branches' command turns out to be reasonably useful,
but painfully slow. So rewrite it in C, using ideas from merge-base
while enhancing it a bit more.
- Unlike show-branches, it can take --heads (show me all my
heads), --tags (show me all my tags), or --all (both).
- It can take --more=<number> to show beyond the merge-base.
- It shows the short name for each commit in the extended SHA1
syntax.
- It can find merge-base for more than two heads.
Examples:
$ git show-branch --more=6 HEAD
is almost the same as "git log --pretty=oneline --max-count=6".
$ git show-branch --merge-base master mhf misc
finds the merge base of the three given heads.
$ git show-branch master mhf misc
shows logs from the top of these three branch heads, up to their
common ancestor commit is shown.
$ git show-branch --all --more=10
is poor-man's gitk, showing all the tags and heads, and
going back 10 commits beyond the merge base of those refs.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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The new notation is a short-hand for <name> followed by <num>
caret ('^') characters. E.g. "master~4" is the fourth
generation ancestor of the current "master" branch head,
following the first parents; same as "master^^^^" but a bit
more readable.
This will be used in the updated "git show-branch" command.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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When "git-diff-script A..B" notation was introduced, it ended up breaking
the traditional two revisions notation.
[jc: there are other issues with the current "git diff" I would like to
address, but they would be left to later rounds. For example, -M and -p flags
should not be hardcoded default, and it shouldn't be too hard to rewrite
the script without using shell arrays.]
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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This generalizes the git "glob" string to be a lot more like the
git-diff-* pathspecs (but there are still differences: the diff family
doesn't do any globbing, and because the diff family always generates the
full native pathname, it doesn't have the issue with "..").
It does three things:
- it allows multiple matching strings, ie you can do things like
git-ls-files arch/i386/ include/asm-i386/ | xargs grep pattern
- the "matching" criteria is a combination of "exact path component
match" (the same as the git-diff-* family), and "fnmatch()". However,
you should be careful with the confusion between the git-ls-files
internal globbing and the standard shell globbing, ie
git-ls-files fs/*.c
does globbing in the shell, and does something totally different from
git-ls-files 'fs/*.c'
which does the globbing inside git-ls-files.
The latter has _one_ pathspec with a wildcard, and will match any .c
file anywhere under the fs/ directory, while the former has been
expanded by the shell into having _lots_ of pathspec entries, all of
which are just in the top-level fs/ subdirectory. They will happily
be matched exactly, but we will thus miss all the subdirectories under
fs/.
As a result, the first one will (on the current kernel) match 55 files,
while the second one will match 664 files!
- it uses the generic path prefixing, so that ".." and friends at the
beginning of the path spec work automatically
NOTE! When generating relative pathname output (the default), a
pathspec that causes the base to be outside the current working
directory will be rejected with an error message like:
fatal: git-ls-files: cannot generate relative filenames containing '..'
because we do not actually generate ".." in the output. However, the
".." format works fine for the --full-name case:
cd arch/i386/kernel
git-ls-files --full-name ../mm/
results in
arch/i386/mm/Makefile
arch/i386/mm/boot_ioremap.c
arch/i386/mm/discontig.c
arch/i386/mm/extable.c
arch/i386/mm/fault.c
arch/i386/mm/highmem.c
arch/i386/mm/hugetlbpage.c
arch/i386/mm/init.c
arch/i386/mm/ioremap.c
arch/i386/mm/mmap.c
arch/i386/mm/pageattr.c
arch/i386/mm/pgtable.c
Perhaps more commonly, the generic path prefixing means that "." and
"./" automatically get simplified and work properly.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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This makes git-ls-files work inside a relative directory, and also adds
some rudimentary filename globbing support. For example, in the kernel you
can now do
cd arch/i386
git-ls-files
and it will show all files under that subdirectory (and it will have
removed the "arch/i386/" prefix unless you give it the "--full-name"
option, so that you can feed the result to "xargs grep" or similar).
The filename globbing is kind of strange: it does _not_ follow normal
globbing rules, although it does look "almost" like a normal file glob
(and it uses the POSIX.2 "fnmatch()" function).
The glob pattern (there can be only one) is always split into a "directory
part" and a "glob part", where the directory part is defined as any full
directory path without any '*' or '?' characters. The "glob" part is
whatever is left over.
For example, when doing
git-ls-files 'arch/i386/p*/*.c'
the "directory part" is is "arch/i386/", and the "glob part" is "p*/*.c".
The directory part will be added to the prefix, and handled efficiently
(ie we will not be searching outside of that subdirectory), while the glob
part (if anything is left over) will be used to trigger "fnmatch()"
matches.
This is efficient and very useful, but can result in somewhat
non-intuitive behaviour.
For example:
git-ls-files 'arch/i386/*.[ch]'
will find all .c and .h files under arch/i386/, _including_ things in
lower subdirectories (ie it will match "arch/i386/kernel/process.c",
because "kernel/process.c" will match the "*.c" specifier).
Also, while
git-ls-files arch/i386/
will show all files under that subdirectory, doing the same without the
final slash would try to show the file "i386" under the "arch/"
subdirectory, and since there is no such file (even if there is such a
_directory_) it will not match anything at all.
These semantics may not seem intuitive, but they are actually very
practical. In particular, it makes it very simple to do
git-ls-files fs/*.c | xargs grep some_pattern
and it does what you want.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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I think Linus did a cut & paste from an early JIT code while
developing the current extended SHA1 notation, and left it there as a
courtesy, but the directory does not deserve to be treated any more
specially than, say, .git/refs/bisect.
If the subdirectories under .git/refs proliferate, we may want to
switch to scanning that hierarchy at runtime, instead of the current
hard-coded set, although I think that would be overkill.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
Subject: [PATCH] Add a new extended SHA1 syntax <name>:<num>
From: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
Date: 1124617434 -0700
The new notation is a short-hand for <name> followed by <num>
caret ('^') characters. E.g. "master:4" is the fourth
generation ancestor of the current "master" branch head,
following the first parents; same as "master^^^^" but a bit more
readable.
This will be used in the updated "git show-branch" command.
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
---
sha1_name.c | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
d5098ce769da46df6d45dc8f41b06dd758fdaea7
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -191,9 +191,29 @@ static int get_parent(const char *name,
return -1;
}
+static int get_nth_ancestor(const char *name, int len,
+ unsigned char *result, int generation)
+{
+ unsigned char sha1[20];
+ int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+ if (ret)
+ return ret;
+
+ while (generation--) {
+ struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+
+ if (!commit || parse_commit(commit) || !commit->parents)
+ return -1;
+ memcpy(sha1, commit->parents->item->object.sha1, 20);
+ }
+ memcpy(result, sha1, 20);
+ return 0;
+}
+
static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
{
int parent, ret;
+ const char *cp;
/* foo^[0-9] or foo^ (== foo^1); we do not do more than 9 parents. */
if (len > 2 && name[len-2] == '^' &&
@@ -210,6 +230,27 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name,
if (parent >= 0)
return get_parent(name, len, sha1, parent);
+ /* name:3 is name^^^,
+ * name:12 is name^^^^^^^^^^^^, and
+ * name: is name
+ */
+ parent = 0;
+ for (cp = name + len - 1; name <= cp; cp--) {
+ int ch = *cp;
+ if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
+ continue;
+ if (ch != ':')
+ parent = -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (!parent && *cp == ':') {
+ int len1 = cp - name;
+ cp++;
+ while (cp < name + len)
+ parent = parent * 10 + *cp++ - '0';
+ return get_nth_ancestor(name, len1, sha1, parent);
+ }
+
ret = get_sha1_basic(name, len, sha1);
if (!ret)
return 0;
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Here is a patch to fix the problem in the simplest way.
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
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Johannes Schindelin
tony.luck@intel.com
Junio C Hamano
Linus Torvalds
Pavel Roskin
Yasushi SHOJI