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2017-03-24fast-import: use xsnprintf for formatting headersLibravatar Jeff King1-3/+1
The stream_blob() function checks the return value of snprintf and dies. This is more simply done with xsnprintf (and matches the similar call in store_object). The message the user would get is less specific, but since the point is that this _shouldn't_ ever happen, that's OK. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-24fast-import: use xsnprintf for writing sha1sLibravatar Jeff King1-1/+1
When we have to write a sha1 with a newline, we do so by copying both into a single buffer, so that we can issue a single write() call. We use snprintf but don't bother to check the output, since we know it will fit. However, we should use xsnprintf() in such a case so that we're notified if our assumption turns out to be wrong (and to make it easier to audit for unchecked snprintf calls). Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-24mailmap: use Michael J Gruber's new addressLibravatar Michael J Gruber1-1/+2
Map both old addresses to the new, hopefully more permanent one. Signed-off-by: Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> Signed-off-by: Michael J Gruber <git@grubix.eu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-21Prepare for 2.12.2Libravatar Junio C Hamano2-1/+62
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jh/send-email-one-cc' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-5/+4
"Cc:" on the trailer part does not have to conform to RFC strictly, unlike in the e-mail header. "git send-email" has been updated to ignore anything after '>' when picking addresses, to allow non-address cruft like " # stable 4.4" after the address. * jh/send-email-one-cc: send-email: only allow one address per body tag
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jk/t6300-cleanup' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+1
A test that creates a confusing branch whose name is HEAD has been corrected not to do so. * jk/t6300-cleanup: t6300: avoid creating refs/heads/HEAD
2017-03-21Merge branch 'rs/commit-parsing-optim' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-12/+10
The code that parses header fields in the commit object has been updated for (micro)performance and code hygiene. * rs/commit-parsing-optim: commit: don't check for space twice when looking for header commit: be more precise when searching for headers
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jk/show-branch-lift-name-len-limit' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-29/+13
"git show-branch" expected there were only very short branch names in the repository and used a fixed-length buffer to hold them without checking for overflow. * jk/show-branch-lift-name-len-limit: show-branch: use skip_prefix to drop magic numbers show-branch: store resolved head in heap buffer show-branch: drop head_len variable
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jk/tempfile-ferror-fclose-confusion' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-2/+7
A caller of tempfile API that uses stdio interface to write to files may ignore errors while writing, which is detected when tempfile is closed (with a call to ferror()). By that time, the original errno that may have told us what went wrong is likely to be long gone and was overwritten by an irrelevant value. close_tempfile() now resets errno to EIO to make errno at least predictable. * jk/tempfile-ferror-fclose-confusion: tempfile: set errno to a known value before calling ferror()
2017-03-21Merge branch 'rl/remote-allow-missing-branch-name-merge' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-1/+22
"git remote rm X", when a branch has remote X configured as the value of its branch.*.remote, tried to remove branch.*.remote and branch.*.merge and failed if either is unset. * rl/remote-allow-missing-branch-name-merge: remote: ignore failure to remove missing branch.<name>.merge
2017-03-21Merge branch 'dt/gc-ignore-old-gc-logs' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano3-7/+71
A "gc.log" file left by a backgrounded "gc --auto" disables further automatic gc; it has been taught to run at least once a day (by default) by ignoring a stale "gc.log" file that is too old. * dt/gc-ignore-old-gc-logs: gc: ignore old gc.log files
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jt/upload-pack-error-report' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+5
"git upload-pack", which is a counter-part of "git fetch", did not report a request for a ref that was not advertised as invalid. This is generally not a problem (because "git fetch" will stop before making such a request), but is the right thing to do. * jt/upload-pack-error-report: upload-pack: report "not our ref" to client
2017-03-21Merge branch 'rs/sha1-file-plug-fallback-base-leak' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-0/+4
A leak in a codepath to read from a packed object in (rare) cases has been plugged. * rs/sha1-file-plug-fallback-base-leak: sha1_file: release fallback base's memory in unpack_entry()
2017-03-21Merge branch 'ss/remote-bzr-hg-placeholder-wo-python' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-18/+14
There is no need for Python only to give a few messages to the standard error stream, but we somehow did. * ss/remote-bzr-hg-placeholder-wo-python: contrib: git-remote-{bzr,hg} placeholders don't need Python
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jc/diff-populate-filespec-size-only-fix' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-1/+27
"git diff --quiet" relies on the size field in diff_filespec to be correctly populated, but diff_populate_filespec() helper function made an incorrect short-cut when asked only to populate the size field for paths that need to go through convert_to_git() (e.g. CRLF conversion). * jc/diff-populate-filespec-size-only-fix: diff: do not short-cut CHECK_SIZE_ONLY check in diff_populate_filespec()
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jk/http-walker-buffer-underflow-fix' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-4/+7
"Dumb http" transport used to misparse a nonsense http-alternates response, which has been fixed. * jk/http-walker-buffer-underflow-fix: http-walker: fix buffer underflow processing remote alternates
2017-03-21Merge branch 'mg/status-porcelain-no-i18n' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-4/+4
"git status --porcelain" is supposed to give a stable output, but a few strings were left as translatable by mistake. * mg/status-porcelain-no-i18n: git-status: make porcelain more robust
2017-03-21Merge branch 'ps/docs-diffcore' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-5/+5
Doc update. * ps/docs-diffcore: docs/diffcore: unquote "Complete Rewrites" in headers docs/diffcore: fix grammar in diffcore-rename header
2017-03-21Merge branch 'ew/markdown-url-in-readme' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-3/+3
Doc update. * ew/markdown-url-in-readme: README: create HTTP/HTTPS links from URLs in Markdown
2017-03-21Merge branch 'rj/remove-unused-mktemp' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano6-60/+0
Code cleanup. * rj/remove-unused-mktemp: wrapper.c: remove unused gitmkstemps() function wrapper.c: remove unused git_mkstemp() function
2017-03-21Merge branch 'jk/ewah-use-right-type-in-sizeof' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-2/+2
Code clean-up. * jk/ewah-use-right-type-in-sizeof: ewah: fix eword_t/uint64_t confusion
2017-03-20Git 2.12.1Libravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+2
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-16Preparing for 2.12.1Libravatar Junio C Hamano3-2/+43
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-16Merge branch 'js/realpath-pathdup-fix' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano10-18/+26
Git v2.12 was shipped with an embarrassing breakage where various operations that verify paths given from the user stopped dying when seeing an issue, and instead later triggering segfault. ... and then to down to 'maint'. * js/realpath-pathdup-fix: real_pathdup(): fix callsites that wanted it to die on error t1501: demonstrate NULL pointer access with invalid GIT_WORK_TREE
2017-03-16Merge branch 'mm/two-more-xstrfmt' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-11/+9
Code clean-up and a string truncation fix. * mm/two-more-xstrfmt: bisect_next_all: convert xsnprintf to xstrfmt stop_progress_msg: convert xsnprintf to xstrfmt
2017-03-16Merge branch 'vn/line-log-memcpy-size-fix' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+2
The command-line parsing of "git log -L" copied internal data structures using incorrect size on ILP32 systems. * vn/line-log-memcpy-size-fix: line-log: use COPY_ARRAY to fix mis-sized memcpy
2017-03-16Merge branch 'ax/line-log-range-merge-fix' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-8/+17
The code to parse "git log -L..." command line was buggy when there are many ranges specified with -L; overrun of the allocated buffer has been fixed. * ax/line-log-range-merge-fix: line-log.c: prevent crash during union of too many ranges
2017-03-16Merge branch 'jk/add-i-patch-do-prompt' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-4/+22
The patch subcommand of "git add -i" was meant to have paths selection prompt just like other subcommand, unlike "git add -p" directly jumps to hunk selection. Recently, this was broken and "add -i" lost the paths selection dialog, but it now has been fixed. * jk/add-i-patch-do-prompt: add--interactive: fix missing file prompt for patch mode with "-i"
2017-03-16Merge branch 'jt/http-base-url-update-upon-redirect' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano3-0/+21
When a redirected http transport gets an error during the redirected request, we ignored the error we got from the server, and ended up giving a not-so-useful error message. * jt/http-base-url-update-upon-redirect: http: attempt updating base URL only if no error
2017-03-16Merge branch 'js/travis-32bit-linux' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano2-0/+51
Add 32-bit Linux variant to the set of platforms to be tested with Travis CI. * js/travis-32bit-linux: Travis: also test on 32-bit Linux
2017-03-16Merge branch 'jh/mingw-openssl-sha1' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-1/+0
Windows port wants to use OpenSSL's implementation of SHA-1 routines, so let them. * jh/mingw-openssl-sha1: mingw: use OpenSSL's SHA-1 routines
2017-03-16Merge branch 'jk/http-auth' into maintLibravatar Junio C Hamano1-4/+46
Reduce authentication round-trip over HTTP when the server supports just a single authentication method. * jk/http-auth: http: add an "auto" mode for http.emptyauth http: restrict auth methods to what the server advertises
2017-03-14git-status: make porcelain more robustLibravatar Michael J Gruber1-4/+4
git status provides a porcelain mode for porcelain writers with a supposedly stable (plumbing) interface. 7a76c28ff2 ("status: disable translation when --porcelain is used", 2014-03-20) made sure that ahead/behind info is not translated (i.e. is stable). Make sure that the remaining two strings (initial commit, detached head) are stable, too. These changes are for the v1 porcelain interface. While we do have a perfectly stable v2 porcelain interface now, some tools (such as powerline-gitstatus) are written against v1 and profit from fixing v1 without any changes on their side. Signed-off-by: Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-13http-walker: fix buffer underflow processing remote alternatesLibravatar Jeff King1-4/+7
If we parse a remote alternates (or http-alternates), we expect relative lines like: ../../foo.git/objects which we convert into "$URL/../foo.git/" (and then use that as a base for fetching more objects). But if the remote feeds us nonsense like just: ../ we will try to blindly strip the last 7 characters, assuming they contain the string "objects". Since we don't _have_ 7 characters at all, this results in feeding a small negative value to strbuf_add(), which converts it to a size_t, resulting in a big positive value. This should consistently fail (since we can't generall allocate the max size_t minus 7 bytes), so there shouldn't be any security implications. Let's fix this by using strbuf_strip_suffix() to drop the characters we want. If they're not present, we'll ignore the alternate (in theory we could use it as-is, but the rest of the http-walker code unconditionally tacks "objects/" back on, so it is it not prepared to handle such a case). Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-08real_pathdup(): fix callsites that wanted it to die on errorLibravatar Johannes Schindelin9-18/+18
In 4ac9006f832 (real_path: have callers use real_pathdup and strbuf_realpath, 2016-12-12), we changed the xstrdup(real_path()) pattern to use real_pathdup() directly. The problem with this change is that real_path() calls strbuf_realpath() with die_on_error = 1 while real_pathdup() calls it with die_on_error = 0. Meaning that in cases where real_path() causes Git to die() with an error message, real_pathdup() is silent and returns NULL instead. The callers, however, are ill-prepared for that change, as they expect the return value to be non-NULL (and otherwise the function died with an appropriate error message). Fix this by extending real_pathdup()'s signature to accept the die_on_error flag and simply pass it through to strbuf_realpath(), and then adjust all callers after a careful audit whether they would handle NULLs well. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-08t1501: demonstrate NULL pointer access with invalid GIT_WORK_TREELibravatar Johannes Schindelin1-0/+8
When GIT_WORK_TREE does not specify a valid path, we should error out, instead of crashing. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-06ewah: fix eword_t/uint64_t confusionLibravatar Jeff King1-2/+2
The ewah subsystem typedefs eword_t to be uint64_t, but some code uses a bare uint64_t. This isn't a bug now, but it's a potential maintenance problem if the definition of eword_t ever changes. Let's use the correct type. Note that we can't use COPY_ARRAY() here because the source and destination point to objects of different sizes. For that reason we'll also skip the usual "sizeof(*dst)" and use the real type, which should make it more clear that there's something tricky going on. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-06line-log: use COPY_ARRAY to fix mis-sized memcpyLibravatar Vegard Nossum1-1/+2
This memcpy meant to get the sizeof a "struct range", not a "range_set", as the former is what our array holds. Rather than swap out the types, let's convert this site to COPY_ARRAY, which avoids the problem entirely (and confirms that the src and dst types match). Note for curiosity's sake that this bug doesn't trigger on I32LP64 systems, but does on ILP32 systems. The mistaken "struct range_set" has two ints and a pointer. That's 16 bytes on LP64, or 12 on ILP32. The correct "struct range" type has two longs, which is also 16 on LP64, but only 8 on ILP32. Likewise an IL32P64 system would experience the bug. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-06Travis: also test on 32-bit LinuxLibravatar Johannes Schindelin2-0/+51
When Git v2.9.1 was released, it had a bug that showed only on Windows and on 32-bit systems: our assumption that `unsigned long` can hold 64-bit values turned out to be wrong. This could have been caught earlier if we had a Continuous Testing set up that includes a build and test run on 32-bit Linux. Let's do this (and take care of the Windows build later). This patch asks Travis CI to install a Docker image with 32-bit libraries and then goes on to build and test Git using this 32-bit setup. Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Lars Schneider <larsxschneider@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-03line-log.c: prevent crash during union of too many rangesLibravatar Allan Xavier2-8/+17
The existing implementation of range_set_union does not correctly reallocate memory, leading to a heap overflow when it attempts to union more than 24 separate line ranges. For struct range_set *out to grow correctly it must have out->nr set to the current size of the buffer when it is passed to range_set_grow. However, the existing implementation of range_set_union only updates out->nr at the end of the function, meaning that it is always zero before this. This results in range_set_grow never growing the buffer, as well as some of the union logic itself being incorrect as !out->nr is always true. The reason why 24 is the limit is that the first allocation of size 1 ends up allocating a buffer of size 24 (due to the call to alloc_nr in ALLOC_GROW). This goes some way to explain why this hasn't been caught before. Fix the problem by correctly updating out->nr after reallocating the range_set. As this results in out->nr containing the same value as the variable o, replace o with out->nr as well. Finally, add a new test to help prevent the problem reoccurring in the future. Thanks to Vegard Nossum for writing the test. Signed-off-by: Allan Xavier <allan.x.xavier@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-03contrib: git-remote-{bzr,hg} placeholders don't need PythonLibravatar Sebastian Schuberth2-18/+14
It does not make sense for these placeholder scripts to depend on Python just because the real scripts do. At the example of Git for Windows, we would not even be able to see those warnings as it does not ship with Python. So just use plain shell scripts instead. Signed-off-by: Sebastian Schuberth <sschuberth@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-02diff: do not short-cut CHECK_SIZE_ONLY check in diff_populate_filespec()Libravatar Junio C Hamano2-1/+27
Callers of diff_populate_filespec() can choose to ask only for the size of the blob without grabbing the blob data, and the function, after running lstat() when the filespec points at a working tree file, returns by copying the value in size field of the stat structure into the size field of the filespec when this is the case. However, this short-cut cannot be taken if the contents from the path needs to go through convert_to_git(), whose resulting real blob data may be different from what is in the working tree file. As "git diff --quiet" compares the .size fields of filespec structures to skip content comparison, this bug manifests as a false "there are differences" for a file that needs eol conversion, for example. Reported-by: Mike Crowe <mac@mcrowe.com> Helped-by: Torsten Bögershausen <tboegi@web.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-02add--interactive: fix missing file prompt for patch mode with "-i"Libravatar Jeff King2-4/+22
When invoked as "git add -i", each menu interactive menu option prompts the user to select a list of files. This includes the "patch" option, which gets the list before starting the hunk-selection loop. As "git add -p", it behaves differently, and jumps straight to the hunk selection loop. Since 0539d5e6d (i18n: add--interactive: mark patch prompt for translation, 2016-12-14), the "add -i" case mistakenly jumps to straight to the hunk-selection loop. Prior to that commit the distinction between the two cases was managed by the $patch_mode variable. That commit used $patch_mode for something else, and moved the old meaning to the "$cmd" variable. But it forgot to update the $patch_mode check inside patch_update_cmd() which controls the file-list behavior. The simplest fix would be to change that line to check $cmd. But while we're here, let's use a less obscure name for this flag: $patch_mode_only, a boolean which tells whether we are in full-interactive mode or only in patch-mode. Reported-by: Henrik Grubbström <grubba@grubba.org> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-03-01README: create HTTP/HTTPS links from URLs in MarkdownLibravatar Eric Wong1-3/+3
Markdown supports automatic links by surrounding URLs with angle brackets, as documented in <https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#autolink> While we're at it, update URLs to avoid redirecting clients for git-scm.com (by using HTTPS) and public-inbox.org (by adding a trailing slash). Signed-off-by: Eric Wong <e@80x24.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-02-28wrapper.c: remove unused gitmkstemps() functionLibravatar Ramsay Jones5-40/+0
The last call to the mkstemps() function was removed in commit 659488326 ("wrapper.c: delete dead function git_mkstemps()", 22-04-2016). In order to support platforms without mkstemps(), this functionality was provided, along with a Makefile build variable (NO_MKSTEMPS), by the gitmkstemps() function. Remove the dead code, along with the defunct build machinery. Signed-off-by: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-02-28wrapper.c: remove unused git_mkstemp() functionLibravatar Ramsay Jones2-20/+0
The last caller of git_mkstemp() was removed in commit 6fec0a89 ("verify_signed_buffer: use tempfile object", 16-06-2016). Since the introduction of the 'tempfile' APIs, along with git_mkstemp_mode, it is unlikely that new callers will materialize. Remove the dead code. Signed-off-by: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-02-28http: attempt updating base URL only if no errorLibravatar Jonathan Tan3-0/+21
http.c supports HTTP redirects of the form http://foo/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack -> http://anything -> http://bar/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack (that is to say, as long as the Git part of the path and the query string is preserved in the final redirect destination, the intermediate steps can have any URL). However, if one of the intermediate steps results in an HTTP exception, a confusing "unable to update url base from redirection" message is printed instead of a Curl error message with the HTTP exception code. This was introduced by 2 commits. Commit c93c92f ("http: update base URLs when we see redirects", 2013-09-28) introduced a best-effort optimization that required checking if only the "base" part of the URL differed between the initial request and the final redirect destination, but it performed the check before any HTTP status checking was done. If something went wrong, the normal code path was still followed, so this did not cause any confusing error messages until commit 6628eb4 ("http: always update the base URL for redirects", 2016-12-06), which taught http to die if the non-"base" part of the URL differed. Therefore, teach http to check the HTTP status before attempting to check if only the "base" part of the URL differed. This commit teaches http_request_reauth to return early without updating options->base_url upon an error; the only invoker of this function that passes a non-NULL "options" is remote-curl.c (through "http_get_strbuf"), which only uses options->base_url for an informational message in the situations that this commit cares about (that is, when the return value is not HTTP_OK). The included test checks that the redirect scheme at the beginning of this commit message works, and that returning a 502 in the middle of the redirect scheme produces the correct result. Note that this is different from the test in commit 6628eb4 ("http: always update the base URL for redirects", 2016-12-06) in that this commit tests that a Git-shaped URL (http://.../info/refs?service=git-upload-pack) works, whereas commit 6628eb4 tests that a non-Git-shaped URL (http://.../info/refs/foo?service=git-upload-pack) does not work (even though Git is processing that URL) and is an error that is fatal, not silently swallowed. Signed-off-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com> Acked-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-02-28docs/diffcore: unquote "Complete Rewrites" in headersLibravatar Patrick Steinhardt1-4/+4
The gitdiffcore documentation quotes the term "Complete Rewrites" in headers for no real gain. This would make sense if the term could be easily confused if not properly grouped together. But actually, the term is quite obvious and thus does not really need any quoting, especially regarding that it is not used anywhere else. But more importanly, this brings up a bug when rendering man pages: when trying to render quotes inside of a section header, we end up with quotes which have been misaligned to the end of line. E.g. diffcore-break: For Splitting Up Complete Rewrites -------------------------------------------------- renders as DIFFCORE-BREAK: FOR SPLITTING UP COMPLETE REWRITES"" , which is obviously wrong. While this is fixable for the man pages by using double-quotes (e.g. ""COMPLETE REWRITES""), this again breaks it for our generated HTML pages. So fix the issue by simply dropping quotes inside of section headers, which is currently only done for the term "Complete Rewrites". Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-02-28docs/diffcore: fix grammar in diffcore-rename headerLibravatar Patrick Steinhardt1-1/+1
Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2017-02-27t6300: avoid creating refs/heads/HEADLibravatar Jeff King1-1/+1
In one test, we use "git checkout --orphan HEAD" to create an unborn branch. Confusingly, the resulting branch is named "refs/heads/HEAD". The original probably meant something like: git checkout --orphan orphaned-branch HEAD Let's just use "orphaned-branch" here to make this less confusing. Putting HEAD in the second argument is already implied. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>