26 files changed, 813 insertions, 48 deletions

diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index 593d4a4e27..fd9375b146 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -387,9 +387,6 @@ GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=<boolean>, when true, forces the commit-graph to
 be written after every 'git commit' command, and overrides the
 'core.commitGraph' setting to true.
 
-GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_GDAT=<boolean>, when true, forces the
-commit-graph to be written without generation data chunk.
-
 GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_CHANGED_PATHS=<boolean>, when true, forces
 commit-graph write to compute and write changed path Bloom filters for
 every 'git commit-graph write', as if the `--changed-paths` option was
diff --git a/t/helper/test-bloom.c b/t/helper/test-bloom.c
index 46e97b04eb..2a1ae3dae6 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-bloom.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-bloom.c
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ int cmd__bloom(int argc, const char **argv)
 		struct bloom_filter filter;
 		int i = 2;
 		filter.len =  (settings.bits_per_entry + BITS_PER_WORD - 1) / BITS_PER_WORD;
-		filter.data = xcalloc(filter.len, sizeof(unsigned char));
+		CALLOC_ARRAY(filter.data, filter.len);
 
 		if (argc - 1 < i)
 			usage(bloom_usage);
diff --git a/t/helper/test-chmtime.c b/t/helper/test-chmtime.c
index aa22af48c2..524b55ca49 100644
--- a/t/helper/test-chmtime.c
+++ b/t/helper/test-chmtime.c
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ int cmd__chmtime(int argc, const char **argv)
 		uintmax_t mtime;
 
 		if (stat(argv[i], &sb) < 0) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n",
+			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s. Skipping\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return 1;
+			continue;
 		}
 
 #ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
diff --git a/t/perf/p5303-many-packs.sh b/t/perf/p5303-many-packs.sh
index ce0c42cc9f..35c0cbdf49 100755
--- a/t/perf/p5303-many-packs.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p5303-many-packs.sh
@@ -28,11 +28,18 @@ repack_into_n () {
 			push @commits, $_ if $. % 5 == 1;
 		}
 		print reverse @commits;
-	' "$1" >pushes
+	' "$1" >pushes &&
 
 	# create base packfile
-	head -n 1 pushes |
-	git pack-objects --delta-base-offset --revs staging/pack
+	base_pack=$(
+		head -n 1 pushes |
+		git pack-objects --delta-base-offset --revs staging/pack
+	) &&
+	test_export base_pack &&
+
+	# create an empty packfile
+	empty_pack=$(git pack-objects staging/pack </dev/null) &&
+	test_export empty_pack &&
 
 	# and then incrementals between each pair of commits
 	last= &&
@@ -49,6 +56,12 @@ repack_into_n () {
 		last=$rev
 	done <pushes &&
 
+	(
+		find staging -type f -name 'pack-*.pack' |
+			xargs -n 1 basename | grep -v "$base_pack" &&
+		printf "^pack-%s.pack\n" $base_pack
+	) >stdin.packs
+
 	# and install the whole thing
 	rm -f .git/objects/pack/* &&
 	mv staging/* .git/objects/pack/
@@ -91,6 +104,23 @@ do
 		  --reflog --indexed-objects --delta-base-offset \
 		  --stdout </dev/null >/dev/null
 	'
+
+	test_perf "repack with kept ($nr_packs)" '
+		git pack-objects --keep-true-parents \
+		  --keep-pack=pack-$empty_pack.pack \
+		  --honor-pack-keep --non-empty --all \
+		  --reflog --indexed-objects --delta-base-offset \
+		  --stdout </dev/null >/dev/null
+	'
+
+	test_perf "repack with --stdin-packs ($nr_packs)" '
+		git pack-objects \
+		  --keep-true-parents \
+		  --stdin-packs \
+		  --non-empty \
+		  --delta-base-offset \
+		  --stdout <stdin.packs >/dev/null
+	'
 done
 
 # Measure pack loading with 10,000 packs.
diff --git a/t/perf/p7519-fsmonitor.sh b/t/perf/p7519-fsmonitor.sh
index b657564aed..5eb5044a10 100755
--- a/t/perf/p7519-fsmonitor.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p7519-fsmonitor.sh
@@ -216,6 +216,10 @@ test_fsmonitor_suite() {
 		git diff
 	'
 
+	test_perf_w_drop_caches "diff HEAD ($DESC)" '
+		git diff HEAD
+	'
+
 	test_perf_w_drop_caches "diff -- 0_files ($DESC)" '
 		git diff -- 1_file
 	'
diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
index e385c6896f..601d9f67dd 100644
--- a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -70,6 +70,19 @@ test_perf_do_repo_symlink_config_ () {
 	test_have_prereq SYMLINKS || git config core.symlinks false
 }
 
+test_perf_copy_repo_contents () {
+	for stuff in "$1"/*
+	do
+		case "$stuff" in
+		*/objects|*/hooks|*/config|*/commondir|*/gitdir|*/worktrees)
+			;;
+		*)
+			cp -R "$stuff" "$repo/.git/" || exit 1
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
 test_perf_create_repo_from () {
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	BUG "not 2 parameters to test-create-repo"
@@ -77,20 +90,20 @@ test_perf_create_repo_from () {
 	source="$2"
 	source_git="$("$MODERN_GIT" -C "$source" rev-parse --git-dir)"
 	objects_dir="$("$MODERN_GIT" -C "$source" rev-parse --git-path objects)"
+	common_dir="$("$MODERN_GIT" -C "$source" rev-parse --git-common-dir)"
 	mkdir -p "$repo/.git"
 	(
 		cd "$source" &&
 		{ cp -Rl "$objects_dir" "$repo/.git/" 2>/dev/null ||
 			cp -R "$objects_dir" "$repo/.git/"; } &&
-		for stuff in "$source_git"/*; do
-			case "$stuff" in
-				*/objects|*/hooks|*/config|*/commondir)
-					;;
-				*)
-					cp -R "$stuff" "$repo/.git/" || exit 1
-					;;
-			esac
-		done
+
+		# common_dir must come first here, since we want source_git to
+		# take precedence and overwrite any overlapping files
+		test_perf_copy_repo_contents "$common_dir"
+		if test "$source_git" != "$common_dir"
+		then
+			test_perf_copy_repo_contents "$source_git"
+		fi
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$repo" &&
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index b660593c20..1e4c672b84 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@ test_description=gitattributes
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-attr_check () {
+attr_check_basic () {
 	path="$1" expect="$2" git_opts="$3" &&
 
 	git $git_opts check-attr test -- "$path" >actual 2>err &&
 	echo "$path: test: $expect" >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+attr_check () {
+	attr_check_basic "$@" &&
 	test_must_be_empty err
 }
 
@@ -331,7 +335,6 @@ test_expect_success 'binary macro expanded by -a' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-
 test_expect_success 'query binary macro directly' '
 	echo "file binary" >.gitattributes &&
 	echo file: binary: set >expect &&
@@ -339,4 +342,31 @@ test_expect_success 'query binary macro directly' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'set up symlink tests' '
+	echo "* test" >attr &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks respected in core.attributesFile' '
+	test_when_finished "rm symlink" &&
+	ln -s attr symlink &&
+	test_config core.attributesFile "$(pwd)/symlink" &&
+	attr_check file set
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks respected in info/attributes' '
+	test_when_finished "rm .git/info/attributes" &&
+	ln -s ../../attr .git/info/attributes &&
+	attr_check file set
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks not respected in-tree' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .gitattributes subdir" &&
+	ln -s attr .gitattributes &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	ln -s ../attr subdir/.gitattributes &&
+	attr_check_basic subdir/file unspecified &&
+	test_i18ngrep "unable to access.*gitattributes" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0008-ignores.sh b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
index f7abde62f6..a594b4aa7d 100755
--- a/t/t0008-ignores.sh
+++ b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
@@ -865,4 +865,38 @@ test_expect_success 'info/exclude trumps core.excludesfile' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'set up ignore file for symlink tests' '
+	echo "*" >ignore &&
+	rm -f .gitignore .git/info/exclude
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks respected in core.excludesFile' '
+	test_when_finished "rm symlink" &&
+	ln -s ignore symlink &&
+	test_config core.excludesFile "$(pwd)/symlink" &&
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git check-ignore file >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks respected in info/exclude' '
+	test_when_finished "rm .git/info/exclude" &&
+	ln -s ../../ignore .git/info/exclude &&
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git check-ignore file >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks not respected in-tree' '
+	test_when_finished "rm .gitignore" &&
+	ln -s ignore .gitignore &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	ln -s ignore subdir/.gitignore &&
+	test_must_fail git check-ignore subdir/file >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "unable to access.*gitignore" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0021-conversion.sh b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
index a9e10a0c21..b5749f327d 100755
--- a/t/t0021-conversion.sh
+++ b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
@@ -257,6 +257,30 @@ test_expect_success 'required filter clean failure' '
 	test_must_fail git add test.fc
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'required filter with absent clean field' '
+	test_config filter.absentclean.smudge cat &&
+	test_config filter.absentclean.required true &&
+
+	echo "*.ac filter=absentclean" >.gitattributes &&
+
+	echo test >test.ac &&
+	test_must_fail git add test.ac 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: test.ac: clean filter .absentclean. failed" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'required filter with absent smudge field' '
+	test_config filter.absentsmudge.clean cat &&
+	test_config filter.absentsmudge.required true &&
+
+	echo "*.as filter=absentsmudge" >.gitattributes &&
+
+	echo test >test.as &&
+	git add test.as &&
+	rm -f test.as &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout -- test.as 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: test.as: smudge filter absentsmudge failed" stderr
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'filtering large input to small output should use little memory' '
 	test_config filter.devnull.clean "cat >/dev/null" &&
 	test_config filter.devnull.required true &&
diff --git a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
index 598b17f6d4..8314ab21d4 100755
--- a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
+++ b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
@@ -297,4 +297,112 @@ test_expect_success 'stash -u with globs' '
 	test_path_is_missing untracked.txt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'stash show --include-untracked shows untracked files' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -xf &&
+	>untracked &&
+	>tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	empty_blob_oid=$(git rev-parse --short :tracked) &&
+	git stash -u &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	 tracked   | 0
+	 untracked | 0
+	 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
+	git stash show --include-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show --no-include-untracked --include-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show --only-untracked --include-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git -c stash.showIncludeUntracked=true stash show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/tracked b/tracked
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$empty_blob_oid
+	diff --git a/untracked b/untracked
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$empty_blob_oid
+	EOF
+	git stash show -p --include-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show --include-untracked -p >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash show --only-untracked only shows untracked files' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -xf &&
+	>untracked &&
+	>tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	empty_blob_oid=$(git rev-parse --short :tracked) &&
+	git stash -u &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	 untracked | 0
+	 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
+	git stash show --only-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show --no-include-untracked --only-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show --include-untracked --only-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/untracked b/untracked
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$empty_blob_oid
+	EOF
+	git stash show -p --only-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show --only-untracked -p >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash show --no-include-untracked cancels --{include,show}-untracked' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -xf &&
+	>untracked &&
+	>tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git stash -u &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	 tracked | 0
+	 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
+	git stash show --only-untracked --no-include-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash show --include-untracked --no-include-untracked >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash show --include-untracked errors on duplicate files' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -xf &&
+	>tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	i_commit=$(git commit-tree -p HEAD -m "index on any-branch" "$tree") &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f untracked_index" &&
+	u_commit=$(
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="untracked_index" &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git update-index --add tracked &&
+		u_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+		git commit-tree -m "untracked files on any-branch" "$u_tree"
+	) &&
+	w_commit=$(git commit-tree -p HEAD -p "$i_commit" -p "$u_commit" -m "WIP on any-branch" "$tree") &&
+	test_must_fail git stash show --include-untracked "$w_commit" 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "worktree and untracked commit have duplicate entries: tracked" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
index 93caf9a46d..d8e7374234 100755
--- a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
+++ b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
@@ -932,4 +932,35 @@ test_expect_success 'find top-level mailmap from subdir' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'set up symlink tests' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m foo --author="Orig <orig@example.com>" &&
+	echo "New <new@example.com> <orig@example.com>" >map &&
+	rm -f .mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks respected in mailmap.file' '
+	test_when_finished "rm symlink" &&
+	ln -s map symlink &&
+	git -c mailmap.file="$(pwd)/symlink" log -1 --format=%aE >actual &&
+	echo "new@example.com" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks respected in non-repo shortlog' '
+	git log -1 >input &&
+	test_when_finished "nongit rm .mailmap" &&
+	nongit ln -sf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/map" .mailmap &&
+	nongit git shortlog -s <input >actual &&
+	echo "     1	New" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks not respected in-tree' '
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	ln -s map .mailmap &&
+	git log -1 --format=%aE >actual &&
+	echo "orig@example.com" >expect&&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
index 85432b80ff..cabdf7d57a 100755
--- a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
@@ -962,4 +962,39 @@ test_expect_success 'log --pretty=reference is colored appropriately' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '%(describe) vs git describe' '
+	git log --format="%H" | while read hash
+	do
+		if desc=$(git describe $hash)
+		then
+			: >expect-contains-good
+		else
+			: >expect-contains-bad
+		fi &&
+		echo "$hash $desc"
+	done >expect &&
+	test_path_exists expect-contains-good &&
+	test_path_exists expect-contains-bad &&
+
+	git log --format="%H %(describe)" >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%(describe:match=...) vs git describe --match ...' '
+	test_when_finished "git tag -d tag-match" &&
+	git tag -a -m tagged tag-match&&
+	git describe --match "*-match" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format="%(describe:match=*-match)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%(describe:exclude=...) vs git describe --exclude ...' '
+	test_when_finished "git tag -d tag-exclude" &&
+	git tag -a -m tagged tag-exclude &&
+	git describe --exclude "*-exclude" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format="%(describe:exclude=*-exclude)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
index e9aa97117a..712ae52299 100755
--- a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
@@ -128,4 +128,18 @@ test_expect_success 'export-subst' '
 	test_cmp substfile2 archive/substfile2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'export-subst expands %(describe) once' '
+	echo "\$Format:%(describe)\$" >substfile3 &&
+	echo "\$Format:%(describe)\$" >>substfile3 &&
+	echo "\$Format:%(describe)${LF}%(describe)\$" >substfile4 &&
+	git add substfile[34] &&
+	git commit -m export-subst-describe &&
+	git tag -m export-subst-describe export-subst-describe &&
+	git archive HEAD >archive-describe.tar &&
+	extract_tar_to_dir archive-describe &&
+	desc=$(git describe) &&
+	grep -F "$desc" archive-describe/substfile[34] >substituted &&
+	test_line_count = 1 substituted
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index d586fdc7a9..2fc5e68250 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -427,7 +427,8 @@ test_expect_success 'index-pack --strict <pack> works in non-repo' '
 	test_path_is_file foo.idx
 '
 
-test_expect_success !PTHREADS 'index-pack --threads=N or pack.threads=N warns when no pthreads' '
+test_expect_success !PTHREADS,!FAIL_PREREQS \
+	'index-pack --threads=N or pack.threads=N warns when no pthreads' '
 	test_must_fail git index-pack --threads=2 2>err &&
 	grep ^warning: err >warnings &&
 	test_line_count = 1 warnings &&
@@ -445,7 +446,8 @@ test_expect_success !PTHREADS 'index-pack --threads=N or pack.threads=N warns wh
 	grep -F "no threads support, ignoring pack.threads" err
 '
 
-test_expect_success !PTHREADS 'pack-objects --threads=N or pack.threads=N warns when no pthreads' '
+test_expect_success !PTHREADS,!FAIL_PREREQS \
+	'pack-objects --threads=N or pack.threads=N warns when no pthreads' '
 	git pack-objects --threads=2 --stdout --all </dev/null >/dev/null 2>err &&
 	grep ^warning: err >warnings &&
 	test_line_count = 1 warnings &&
@@ -532,4 +534,139 @@ test_expect_success 'prefetch objects' '
 	test_line_count = 1 donelines
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for --stdin-packs tests' '
+	git init stdin-packs &&
+	(
+		cd stdin-packs &&
+
+		test_commit A &&
+		test_commit B &&
+		test_commit C &&
+
+		for id in A B C
+		do
+			git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack-$id \
+				--incremental --revs <<-EOF
+			refs/tags/$id
+			EOF
+		done &&
+
+		ls -la .git/objects/pack
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin-packs with excluded packs' '
+	(
+		cd stdin-packs &&
+
+		PACK_A="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-A-*.pack)" &&
+		PACK_B="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-B-*.pack)" &&
+		PACK_C="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-C-*.pack)" &&
+
+		git pack-objects test --stdin-packs <<-EOF &&
+		$PACK_A
+		^$PACK_B
+		$PACK_C
+		EOF
+
+		(
+			git show-index <$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-A-*.idx) &&
+			git show-index <$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-C-*.idx)
+		) >expect.raw &&
+		git show-index <$(ls test-*.idx) >actual.raw &&
+
+		cut -d" " -f2 <expect.raw | sort >expect &&
+		cut -d" " -f2 <actual.raw | sort >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin-packs is incompatible with --filter' '
+	(
+		cd stdin-packs &&
+		test_must_fail git pack-objects --stdin-packs --stdout \
+			--filter=blob:none </dev/null 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "cannot use --filter with --stdin-packs" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin-packs is incompatible with --revs' '
+	(
+		cd stdin-packs &&
+		test_must_fail git pack-objects --stdin-packs --revs out \
+			</dev/null 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "cannot use internal rev list with --stdin-packs" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin-packs with loose objects' '
+	(
+		cd stdin-packs &&
+
+		PACK_A="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-A-*.pack)" &&
+		PACK_B="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-B-*.pack)" &&
+		PACK_C="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-C-*.pack)" &&
+
+		test_commit D && # loose
+
+		git pack-objects test2 --stdin-packs --unpacked <<-EOF &&
+		$PACK_A
+		^$PACK_B
+		$PACK_C
+		EOF
+
+		(
+			git show-index <$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-A-*.idx) &&
+			git show-index <$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-C-*.idx) &&
+			git rev-list --objects --no-object-names \
+				refs/tags/C..refs/tags/D
+
+		) >expect.raw &&
+		ls -la . &&
+		git show-index <$(ls test2-*.idx) >actual.raw &&
+
+		cut -d" " -f2 <expect.raw | sort >expect &&
+		cut -d" " -f2 <actual.raw | sort >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin-packs with broken links' '
+	(
+		cd stdin-packs &&
+
+		# make an unreachable object with a bogus parent
+		git cat-file -p HEAD >commit &&
+		sed "s/$(git rev-parse HEAD^)/$(test_oid zero)/" <commit |
+		git hash-object -w -t commit --stdin >in &&
+
+		git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack-D <in &&
+
+		PACK_A="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-A-*.pack)" &&
+		PACK_B="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-B-*.pack)" &&
+		PACK_C="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-C-*.pack)" &&
+		PACK_D="$(basename .git/objects/pack/pack-D-*.pack)" &&
+
+		git pack-objects test3 --stdin-packs --unpacked <<-EOF &&
+		$PACK_A
+		^$PACK_B
+		$PACK_C
+		$PACK_D
+		EOF
+
+		(
+			git show-index <$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-A-*.idx) &&
+			git show-index <$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-C-*.idx) &&
+			git show-index <$(ls .git/objects/pack/pack-D-*.idx) &&
+			git rev-list --objects --no-object-names \
+				refs/tags/C..refs/tags/D
+		) >expect.raw &&
+		git show-index <$(ls test3-*.idx) >actual.raw &&
+
+		cut -d" " -f2 <expect.raw | sort >expect &&
+		cut -d" " -f2 <actual.raw | sort >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
index edeb6d6d31..af88f805aa 100755
--- a/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5318-commit-graph.sh
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ test_expect_success 'lower layers have overflow chunk' '
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit-graph verify' '
 	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/full" &&
-	git rev-parse commits/8 | GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_GDAT=1 git commit-graph write --stdin-commits &&
+	git rev-parse commits/8 | git -c commitGraph.generationVersion=1 commit-graph write --stdin-commits &&
 	git commit-graph verify >output &&
 	graph_read_expect 9 extra_edges
 '
diff --git a/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh b/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
index 8e90f3423b..587226ed10 100755
--- a/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
+++ b/t/t5324-split-commit-graph.sh
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repo for mixed generation commit-graph-chain' '
 			test_commit $i &&
 			git branch commits/$i || return 1
 		done &&
-		git commit-graph write --reachable --split &&
+		git -c commitGraph.generationVersion=2 commit-graph write --reachable --split &&
 		graph_read_expect $NUM_FIRST_LAYER_COMMITS &&
 		test_line_count = 1 $graphdir/commit-graph-chain &&
 		for i in $(test_seq $SECOND_LAYER_SEQUENCE_START $SECOND_LAYER_SEQUENCE_END)
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repo for mixed generation commit-graph-chain' '
 			test_commit $i &&
 			git branch commits/$i || return 1
 		done &&
-		GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_GDAT=1 git commit-graph write --reachable --split=no-merge &&
+		git -c commitGraph.generationVersion=1 commit-graph write --reachable --split=no-merge &&
 		test_line_count = 2 $graphdir/commit-graph-chain &&
 		test-tool read-graph >output &&
 		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index 8c462f20ae..c7b392794b 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -594,6 +594,7 @@ test_expect_success 'add --no-tags' '
 		cd add-no-tags &&
 		git init &&
 		git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
+		grep tagOpt .git/config &&
 		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
 		git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
 		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
@@ -756,6 +757,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rename a remote' '
 		cd four &&
 		git config branch.main.pushRemote origin &&
 		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		grep "pushRemote" .git/config &&
 		test -z "$(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin)" &&
 		test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/main" &&
 		test "$(git rev-parse upstream/main)" = "$(git rev-parse main)" &&
@@ -772,6 +774,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rename a remote renames repo remote.pushDefault' '
 		cd four.1 &&
 		git config remote.pushDefault origin &&
 		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		grep pushDefault .git/config &&
 		test "$(git config --local remote.pushDefault)" = "upstream"
 	)
 '
diff --git a/t/t5606-clone-options.sh b/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
index 52e5789fb0..428b0aac93 100755
--- a/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
@@ -104,12 +104,20 @@ test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v does show progress' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone does not segfault with --bare and core.bare=false' '
+	test_config_global core.bare false &&
+	git clone --bare parent clone-bare &&
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git -C clone-bare rev-parse --is-bare-repository >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'chooses correct default initial branch name' '
 	GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME= \
 	git -c init.defaultBranch=foo init --bare empty &&
 	test_config -C empty lsrefs.unborn advertise &&
 	GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME= \
-	git -c init.defaultBranch=up clone empty whats-up &&
+	git -c init.defaultBranch=up -c protocol.version=2 clone empty whats-up &&
 	test refs/heads/foo = $(git -C whats-up symbolic-ref HEAD) &&
 	test refs/heads/foo = $(git -C whats-up config branch.foo.merge)
 '
diff --git a/t/t5612-clone-refspec.sh b/t/t5612-clone-refspec.sh
index 6a6af7449c..3126cfd7e9 100755
--- a/t/t5612-clone-refspec.sh
+++ b/t/t5612-clone-refspec.sh
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ test_expect_success 'by default no tags will be kept updated' '
 test_expect_success 'clone with --no-tags' '
 	(
 		cd dir_all_no_tags &&
+		grep tagOpt .git/config &&
 		git fetch &&
 		git for-each-ref refs/tags >../actual
 	) &&
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
index 0ba5a91b4e..32bb66e1ed 100755
--- a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -939,4 +939,16 @@ test_expect_success 'git bisect reset cleans bisection state properly' '
 	test_path_is_missing ".git/BISECT_START"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'bisect handles annotated tags' '
+	test_commit commit-one &&
+	git tag -m foo tag-one &&
+	test_commit commit-two &&
+	git tag -m foo tag-two &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect good tag-one &&
+	git bisect bad tag-two >output &&
+	bad=$(git rev-parse --verify tag-two^{commit}) &&
+	grep "$bad is the first bad commit" output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6114-keep-packs.sh b/t/t6114-keep-packs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9239d8aa46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6114-keep-packs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rev-list with .keep packs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit loose &&
+	test_commit packed &&
+	test_commit kept &&
+
+	KEPT_PACK=$(git pack-objects --revs .git/objects/pack/pack <<-EOF
+	refs/tags/kept
+	^refs/tags/packed
+	EOF
+	) &&
+	MISC_PACK=$(git pack-objects --revs .git/objects/pack/pack <<-EOF
+	refs/tags/packed
+	^refs/tags/loose
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	touch .git/objects/pack/pack-$KEPT_PACK.keep
+'
+
+rev_list_objects () {
+	git rev-list "$@" >out &&
+	sort out
+}
+
+idx_objects () {
+	git show-index <$1 >expect-idx &&
+	cut -d" " -f2 <expect-idx | sort
+}
+
+test_expect_success '--no-kept-objects excludes trees and blobs in .keep packs' '
+	rev_list_objects --objects --all --no-object-names >kept &&
+	rev_list_objects --objects --all --no-object-names --no-kept-objects >no-kept &&
+
+	idx_objects .git/objects/pack/pack-$KEPT_PACK.idx >expect &&
+	comm -3 kept no-kept >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-kept-objects excludes kept non-MIDX object' '
+	test_config core.multiPackIndex true &&
+
+	# Create a pack with just the commit object in pack, and do not mark it
+	# as kept (even though it appears in $KEPT_PACK, which does have a .keep
+	# file).
+	MIDX_PACK=$(git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack <<-EOF
+	$(git rev-parse kept)
+	EOF
+	) &&
+
+	# Write a MIDX containing all packs, but use the version of the commit
+	# at "kept" in a non-kept pack by touching $MIDX_PACK.
+	touch .git/objects/pack/pack-$MIDX_PACK.pack &&
+	git multi-pack-index write &&
+
+	rev_list_objects --objects --no-object-names --no-kept-objects HEAD >actual &&
+	(
+		idx_objects .git/objects/pack/pack-$MISC_PACK.idx &&
+		git rev-list --objects --no-object-names refs/tags/loose
+	) | sort >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6600-test-reach.sh b/t/t6600-test-reach.sh
index e2d33a8a4c..3d7a62ddab 100755
--- a/t/t6600-test-reach.sh
+++ b/t/t6600-test-reach.sh
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git show-ref -s commit-5-5 | git commit-graph write --stdin-commits &&
 	mv .git/objects/info/commit-graph commit-graph-half &&
 	chmod u+w commit-graph-half &&
-	GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH_NO_GDAT=1 git commit-graph write --reachable &&
+	git -c commitGraph.generationVersion=1 commit-graph write --reachable &&
 	mv .git/objects/info/commit-graph commit-graph-no-gdat &&
 	chmod u+w commit-graph-no-gdat &&
 	git config core.commitGraph true
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
index 1c55695034..1349e5b232 100755
--- a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -506,4 +506,35 @@ test_expect_success 'rewrite repository including refs that point at non-commit
 	! fgrep fatal filter-output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'filter-branch handles ref deletion' '
+	git switch --orphan empty-commit &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty commit" &&
+	git tag empty &&
+	git branch to-delete &&
+	git filter-branch -f --prune-empty to-delete >out 2>&1 &&
+	grep "to-delete.*was deleted" out &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify to-delete
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter-branch handles ref rewrite' '
+	git checkout empty &&
+	test_commit to-drop &&
+	git branch rewrite &&
+	git filter-branch -f \
+		--index-filter "git rm --ignore-unmatch --cached to-drop.t" \
+		 rewrite >out 2>&1 &&
+	grep "rewrite.*was rewritten" out &&
+	! grep -i warning out &&
+	git diff-tree empty rewrite
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter-branch handles ancestor rewrite' '
+	test_commit to-exclude &&
+	git branch ancestor &&
+	git filter-branch -f ancestor -- :^to-exclude.t >out 2>&1 &&
+	grep "ancestor.*was rewritten" out &&
+	! grep -i warning out &&
+	git diff-tree HEAD^ ancestor
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7703-repack-geometric.sh b/t/t7703-repack-geometric.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5ccaa440e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7703-repack-geometric.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git repack --geometric works correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX=0
+
+objdir=.git/objects
+midx=$objdir/pack/multi-pack-index
+
+test_expect_success '--geometric with no packs' '
+	git init geometric &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr geometric" &&
+	(
+		cd geometric &&
+
+		git repack --geometric 2 >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Nothing new to pack" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--geometric with one pack' '
+	git init geometric &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr geometric" &&
+	(
+		cd geometric &&
+
+		test_commit "base" &&
+		git repack -d &&
+
+		git repack --geometric 2 >out &&
+
+		test_i18ngrep "Nothing new to pack" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--geometric with an intact progression' '
+	git init geometric &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr geometric" &&
+	(
+		cd geometric &&
+
+		# These packs already form a geometric progression.
+		test_commit_bulk --start=1 1 && # 3 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=2 2 && # 6 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=4 4 && # 12 objects
+
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >expect &&
+		git repack --geometric 2 -d &&
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >actual &&
+
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--geometric with loose objects' '
+	git init geometric &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr geometric" &&
+	(
+		cd geometric &&
+
+		# These packs already form a geometric progression.
+		test_commit_bulk --start=1 1 && # 3 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=2 2 && # 6 objects
+		# The loose objects are packed together, breaking the
+		# progression.
+		test_commit loose && # 3 objects
+
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >before &&
+		git repack --geometric 2 -d &&
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >after &&
+
+		comm -13 before after >new &&
+		comm -23 before after >removed &&
+
+		test_line_count = 1 new &&
+		test_must_be_empty removed &&
+
+		git repack --geometric 2 -d &&
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >after &&
+
+		# The progression (3, 3, 6) is combined into one new pack.
+		test_line_count = 1 after
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--geometric with small-pack rollup' '
+	git init geometric &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr geometric" &&
+	(
+		cd geometric &&
+
+		test_commit_bulk --start=1 1 && # 3 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=2 1 && # 3 objects
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >small &&
+		test_commit_bulk --start=3 4 && # 12 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=7 8 && # 24 objects
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >before &&
+
+		git repack --geometric 2 -d &&
+
+		# Three packs in total; two of the existing large ones, and one
+		# new one.
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >after &&
+		test_line_count = 3 after &&
+		comm -3 small before | tr -d "\t" >large &&
+		grep -qFf large after
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--geometric with small- and large-pack rollup' '
+	git init geometric &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr geometric" &&
+	(
+		cd geometric &&
+
+		# size(small1) + size(small2) > size(medium) / 2
+		test_commit_bulk --start=1 1 && # 3 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=2 1 && # 3 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=2 3 && # 7 objects
+		test_commit_bulk --start=6 9 && # 27 objects &&
+
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >before &&
+
+		git repack --geometric 2 -d &&
+
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >after &&
+		comm -12 before after >untouched &&
+
+		# Two packs in total; the largest pack from before running "git
+		# repack", and one new one.
+		test_line_count = 1 untouched &&
+		test_line_count = 2 after
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--geometric ignores kept packs' '
+	git init geometric &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr geometric" &&
+	(
+		cd geometric &&
+
+		test_commit kept && # 3 objects
+		test_commit pack && # 3 objects
+
+		KEPT=$(git pack-objects --revs $objdir/pack/pack <<-EOF
+		refs/tags/kept
+		EOF
+		) &&
+		PACK=$(git pack-objects --revs $objdir/pack/pack <<-EOF
+		refs/tags/pack
+		^refs/tags/kept
+		EOF
+		) &&
+
+		# neither pack contains more than twice the number of objects in
+		# the other, so they should be combined. but, marking one as
+		# .kept on disk will "freeze" it, so the pack structure should
+		# remain unchanged.
+		touch $objdir/pack/pack-$KEPT.keep &&
+
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >before &&
+		git repack --geometric 2 -d &&
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" | sort >after &&
+
+		# both packs should still exist
+		test_path_is_file $objdir/pack/pack-$KEPT.pack &&
+		test_path_is_file $objdir/pack/pack-$PACK.pack &&
+
+		# and no new packs should be created
+		test_cmp before after &&
+
+		# Passing --pack-kept-objects causes packs with a .keep file to
+		# be repacked, too.
+		git repack --geometric 2 -d --pack-kept-objects &&
+
+		find $objdir/pack -name "*.pack" >after &&
+		test_line_count = 1 after
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7810-grep.sh b/t/t7810-grep.sh
index edfaa9a6d1..5830733f3d 100755
--- a/t/t7810-grep.sh
+++ b/t/t7810-grep.sh
@@ -969,7 +969,8 @@ do
 	"
 done
 
-test_expect_success !PTHREADS 'grep --threads=N or pack.threads=N warns when no pthreads' '
+test_expect_success !PTHREADS,!FAIL_PREREQS \
+	'grep --threads=N or pack.threads=N warns when no pthreads' '
 	git grep --threads=2 Hello hello_world 2>err &&
 	grep ^warning: err >warnings &&
 	test_line_count = 1 warnings &&
diff --git a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
index 56e64697a8..ff94c3f17d 100755
--- a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
@@ -203,19 +203,19 @@ test_expect_success 'git p4 clone simple branches' '
 		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
-		test -f file1 &&
-		test -f file2 &&
-		test -f file3 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
 		grep update file2 &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
-		test -f file1 &&
-		test -f file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
 		test ! -f file3 &&
 		! grep update file2 &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
-		test -f file1 &&
-		test -f file2 &&
-		test -f file3 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
 		grep update file2 &&
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		cd branch1 &&
@@ -606,22 +606,22 @@ test_expect_success 'git p4 clone simple branches with base folder on server sid
 		git p4 clone --dest=. --use-client-spec  --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
-		test -f file1 &&
-		test -f file2 &&
-		test -f file3 &&
-		test -f sub_file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		test_path_is_file sub_file1 &&
 		grep update file2 &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
-		test -f file1 &&
-		test -f file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
 		test ! -f file3 &&
-		test -f sub_file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file sub_file1 &&
 		! grep update file2 &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
-		test -f file1 &&
-		test -f file2 &&
-		test -f file3 &&
-		test -f sub_file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		test_path_is_file sub_file1 &&
 		grep update file2 &&
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		cd branch1 &&