24 files changed, 522 insertions, 39 deletions

diff --git a/t/t1415-worktree-refs.sh b/t/t1415-worktree-refs.sh
index bb2c7572a3..7ab91241ab 100755
--- a/t/t1415-worktree-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t1415-worktree-refs.sh
@@ -76,24 +76,24 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog of worktrees/xx/HEAD' '
 	test_cmp expected actual.wt2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'for-each-ref from main repo' '
+test_expect_success 'for-each-ref from main worktree' '
 	mkdir fer1 &&
 	git -C fer1 init repo &&
 	test_commit -C fer1/repo initial &&
 	git -C fer1/repo worktree add ../second &&
-	git -C fer1/repo update-ref refs/bisect/main HEAD &&
-	git -C fer1/repo update-ref refs/rewritten/main HEAD &&
-	git -C fer1/repo update-ref refs/worktree/main HEAD &&
-	git -C fer1/repo for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" | grep main >actual &&
+	git -C fer1/repo update-ref refs/bisect/first HEAD &&
+	git -C fer1/repo update-ref refs/rewritten/first HEAD &&
+	git -C fer1/repo update-ref refs/worktree/first HEAD &&
+	git -C fer1/repo for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" | grep first >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
-	refs/bisect/main
-	refs/rewritten/main
-	refs/worktree/main
+	refs/bisect/first
+	refs/rewritten/first
+	refs/worktree/first
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'for-each-ref from linked repo' '
+test_expect_success 'for-each-ref from linked worktree' '
 	mkdir fer2 &&
 	git -C fer2 init repo &&
 	test_commit -C fer2/repo initial &&
diff --git a/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh b/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
index 47aeb0b167..d91a329eb3 100755
--- a/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t2016-checkout-patch.sh
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 
 # note: bar sorts before dir/foo, so the first 'n' is always to skip 'bar'
 
+# NEEDSWORK: Since the builtin add-p is used when $GIT_TEST_ADD_I_USE_BUILTIN
+# is given, we should replace the PERL prerequisite with an ADD_I prerequisite
+# which first checks if $GIT_TEST_ADD_I_USE_BUILTIN is defined before checking
+# PERL.
 test_expect_success PERL 'saying "n" does nothing' '
 	set_and_save_state dir/foo work head &&
 	test_write_lines n n | git checkout -p &&
@@ -59,6 +63,13 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'git checkout -p HEAD with change already staged' '
 	verify_state dir/foo head head
 '
 
+test_expect_success PERL 'git checkout -p HEAD^...' '
+	# the third n is to get out in case it mistakenly does not apply
+	test_write_lines n y n | git checkout -p HEAD^... &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo parent parent
+'
+
 test_expect_success PERL 'git checkout -p HEAD^' '
 	# the third n is to get out in case it mistakenly does not apply
 	test_write_lines n y n | git checkout -p HEAD^ &&
diff --git a/t/t2071-restore-patch.sh b/t/t2071-restore-patch.sh
index 98b2476e7c..b5c5c0ff7e 100755
--- a/t/t2071-restore-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t2071-restore-patch.sh
@@ -60,6 +60,14 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'git restore -p --source=HEAD^' '
 	verify_state dir/foo parent index
 '
 
+test_expect_success PERL 'git restore -p --source=HEAD^...' '
+	set_state dir/foo work index &&
+	# the third n is to get out in case it mistakenly does not apply
+	test_write_lines n y n | git restore -p --source=HEAD^... &&
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	verify_state dir/foo parent index
+'
+
 test_expect_success PERL 'git restore -p handles deletion' '
 	set_state dir/foo work index &&
 	rm dir/foo &&
diff --git a/t/t2402-worktree-list.sh b/t/t2402-worktree-list.sh
index 52585ec2aa..b85bd2655d 100755
--- a/t/t2402-worktree-list.sh
+++ b/t/t2402-worktree-list.sh
@@ -61,6 +61,16 @@ test_expect_success '"list" all worktrees --porcelain' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"list" all worktress with locked annotation' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf locked unlocked out && git worktree prune" &&
+	git worktree add --detach locked master &&
+	git worktree add --detach unlocked master &&
+	git worktree lock locked &&
+	git worktree list >out &&
+	grep "/locked  *[0-9a-f].* locked$" out &&
+	! grep "/unlocked  *[0-9a-f].* locked$" out
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'bare repo setup' '
 	git init --bare bare1 &&
 	echo "data" >file1 &&
diff --git a/t/t3436-rebase-more-options.sh b/t/t3436-rebase-more-options.sh
index 996e82787e..eaaf4c8d1d 100755
--- a/t/t3436-rebase-more-options.sh
+++ b/t/t3436-rebase-more-options.sh
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ test_expect_success '--ignore-whitespace is remembered when continuing' '
 '
 
 test_ctime_is_atime () {
-	git log $1 --format=%ai >authortime &&
-	git log $1 --format=%ci >committertime &&
+	git log $1 --format="$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> %ai" >authortime &&
+	git log $1 --format="%cn <%ce> %ci" >committertime &&
 	test_cmp authortime committertime
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-attribute-value-selector b/t/t4018/css-attribute-value-selector
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..918256b20c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-attribute-value-selector
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[class*="RIGHT"] {
+    background : #000;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-block-level-@-statements b/t/t4018/css-block-level-@-statements
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6755f2f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-block-level-@-statements
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+@keyframes RIGHT {
+    from {
+        background : #000;
+        border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+    }
+    to {
+        background : #fff;
+        border : 10px solid #C6C6C6;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-class-selector b/t/t4018/css-class-selector
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f790a0062f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-class-selector
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.RIGHT {
+    background : #000;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-id-selector b/t/t4018/css-id-selector
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17c5111052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-id-selector
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#RIGHT {
+    background : #000;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/css-root-selector b/t/t4018/css-root-selector
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22b958e369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/css-root-selector
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+:RIGHT {
+    background : #000;
+    border : 10px ChangeMe #C6C6C6;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/php-abstract-method b/t/t4018/php-abstract-method
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce215df75a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/php-abstract-method
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+abstract class Klass
+{
+    abstract public function RIGHT(): ?string
+    {
+        return 'ChangeMe';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/php-final-method b/t/t4018/php-final-method
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..537fb8ad9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/php-final-method
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class Klass
+{
+    final public function RIGHT(): string
+    {
+        return 'ChangeMe';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/rust-macro-rules b/t/t4018/rust-macro-rules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec610c5b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/rust-macro-rules
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+macro_rules! RIGHT {
+    () => {
+        // a comment
+        let x = ChangeMe;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
index c92e553a2f..7c9d687367 100755
--- a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -277,4 +277,11 @@ test_expect_success 'index-pack --fsck-objects also warns upon missing tagger in
 	grep "^warning:.* expected .tagger. line" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'index-pack -v --stdin produces progress for both phases' '
+	pack=$(git pack-objects --all pack </dev/null) &&
+	GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git index-pack -v --stdin <pack-$pack.pack 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Receiving objects" err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Resolving deltas" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh b/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
index f340b376bc..ace469c95c 100755
--- a/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5319-multi-pack-index.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='multi-pack-indexes'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX=0
 objdir=.git/objects
 
 HASH_LEN=$(test_oid rawsz)
@@ -173,12 +174,12 @@ test_expect_success 'write progress off for redirected stderr' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'write force progress on for stderr' '
-	git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --progress write 2>err &&
+	GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --progress write 2>err &&
 	test_file_not_empty err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'write with the --no-progress option' '
-	git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --no-progress write 2>err &&
+	GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --no-progress write 2>err &&
 	test_line_count = 0 err
 '
 
@@ -368,17 +369,17 @@ test_expect_success 'git-fsck incorrect offset' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'repack progress off for redirected stderr' '
-	git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir repack 2>err &&
+	GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir repack 2>err &&
 	test_line_count = 0 err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'repack force progress on for stderr' '
-	git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --progress repack 2>err &&
+	GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --progress repack 2>err &&
 	test_file_not_empty err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'repack with the --no-progress option' '
-	git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --no-progress repack 2>err &&
+	GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git multi-pack-index --object-dir=$objdir --no-progress repack 2>err &&
 	test_line_count = 0 err
 '
 
@@ -562,7 +563,7 @@ test_expect_success 'expire progress off for redirected stderr' '
 test_expect_success 'expire force progress on for stderr' '
 	(
 		cd dup &&
-		git multi-pack-index --progress expire 2>err &&
+		GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git multi-pack-index --progress expire 2>err &&
 		test_file_not_empty err
 	)
 '
@@ -570,7 +571,7 @@ test_expect_success 'expire force progress on for stderr' '
 test_expect_success 'expire with the --no-progress option' '
 	(
 		cd dup &&
-		git multi-pack-index --no-progress expire 2>err &&
+		GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY=0 git multi-pack-index --no-progress expire 2>err &&
 		test_line_count = 0 err
 	)
 '
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index 8d62edd98b..1156f52069 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -179,6 +179,13 @@ test_expect_success 'rename errors out early when deleting non-existent branch'
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rename errors out early when when new name is invalid' '
+	test_config remote.foo.vcs bar &&
+	echo "fatal: '\''invalid...name'\'' is not a valid remote name" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git remote rename foo invalid...name 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'add existing foreign_vcs remote' '
 	test_config remote.foo.vcs bar &&
 	echo "fatal: remote foo already exists." >expect &&
@@ -194,6 +201,12 @@ test_expect_success 'add existing foreign_vcs remote' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'add invalid foreign_vcs remote' '
+	echo "fatal: '\''invalid...name'\'' is not a valid remote name" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git remote add invalid...name bar 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
diff --git a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
index 0b0eb1d025..7813e8470e 100755
--- a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
+++ b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,46 @@ setup_srcdst_basic () {
 	)
 }
 
+# For tests with "--force-if-includes".
+setup_src_dup_dst () {
+	rm -fr src dup dst &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	git clone --no-local dst src &&
+	git clone --no-local dst dup
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		test_commit A &&
+		test_commit B &&
+		test_commit C &&
+		git push origin
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dup &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git merge origin/master &&
+		git switch -c branch master~2 &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git push origin --all
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git switch master &&
+		git fetch --all &&
+		git branch branch --track origin/branch &&
+		git rebase origin/master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dup &&
+		git switch master &&
+		test_commit F &&
+		test_commit G &&
+		git switch branch &&
+		test_commit H &&
+		git push origin --all
+	)
+}
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	# create template repository
 	test_commit A &&
@@ -256,4 +296,101 @@ test_expect_success 'background updates of REMOTE can be mitigated with a non-up
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'background updates to remote can be mitigated with "--force-if-includes"' '
+	setup_src_dup_dst &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr dst src dup" &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect.master &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/branch >expect.branch &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git switch branch &&
+		test_commit I &&
+		git switch master &&
+		test_commit J &&
+		git fetch --all &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease --force-if-includes --all
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >actual.master &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/branch >actual.branch &&
+	test_cmp expect.master actual.master &&
+	test_cmp expect.branch actual.branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'background updates to remote can be mitigated with "push.useForceIfIncludes"' '
+	setup_src_dup_dst &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr dst src dup" &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect.master &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git switch branch &&
+		test_commit I &&
+		git switch master &&
+		test_commit J &&
+		git fetch --all &&
+		git config --local push.useForceIfIncludes true &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >actual.master &&
+	test_cmp expect.master actual.master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"--force-if-includes" should be disabled for --force-with-lease="<refname>:<expect>"' '
+	setup_src_dup_dst &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr dst src dup" &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect.master &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git switch branch &&
+		test_commit I &&
+		git switch master &&
+		test_commit J &&
+		remote_head="$(git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master)" &&
+		git fetch --all &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-if-includes --force-with-lease="master:$remote_head" 2>err &&
+		grep "stale info" err
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >actual.master &&
+	test_cmp expect.master actual.master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"--force-if-includes" should allow forced update after a rebase ("pull --rebase")' '
+	setup_src_dup_dst &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr dst src dup" &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git switch branch &&
+		test_commit I &&
+		git switch master &&
+		test_commit J &&
+		git pull --rebase origin master &&
+		git push --force-if-includes --force-with-lease="master"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"--force-if-includes" should allow forced update after a rebase ("pull --rebase", local rebase)' '
+	setup_src_dup_dst &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr dst src dup" &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git switch branch &&
+		test_commit I &&
+		git switch master &&
+		test_commit J &&
+		git pull --rebase origin master &&
+		git rebase --onto HEAD~4 HEAD~1 &&
+		git push --force-if-includes --force-with-lease="master"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"--force-if-includes" should allow deletes' '
+	setup_src_dup_dst &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr dst src dup" &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git switch branch &&
+		git pull --rebase origin branch &&
+		git push --force-if-includes --force-with-lease="branch" origin :branch
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5534-push-signed.sh b/t/t5534-push-signed.sh
index 7e928aff66..af0385fb89 100755
--- a/t/t5534-push-signed.sh
+++ b/t/t5534-push-signed.sh
@@ -282,10 +282,9 @@ test_expect_success GPG 'failed atomic push does not execute GPG' '
 	EOF
 	test_must_fail env PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY:$PATH" git push \
 			--signed --atomic --porcelain \
-			dst noop ff noff >out 2>&1 &&
+			dst noop ff noff >out 2>err &&
 
-	test_i18ngrep ! "gpg failed to sign" out &&
-	sed -n -e "/^To dst/,$ p" out >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "gpg failed to sign" err &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	To dst
 	=	refs/heads/noop:refs/heads/noop	[up to date]
@@ -293,7 +292,7 @@ test_expect_success GPG 'failed atomic push does not execute GPG' '
 	!	refs/heads/noff:refs/heads/noff	[rejected] (non-fast-forward)
 	Done
 	EOF
-	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5606-clone-options.sh b/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
index e69427f881..5e201e7d85 100755
--- a/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5606-clone-options.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,73 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 test_expect_success 'clone -o' '
 
 	git clone -o foo parent clone-o &&
-	(cd clone-o && git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/foo/master)
+	git -C clone-o rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/foo/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rejects invalid -o/--origin' '
+
+	test_must_fail git clone -o "bad...name" parent clone-bad-name 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "'\''bad...name'\'' is not a valid remote name" err
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disallows --bare with --origin' '
+
+	test_must_fail git clone -o foo --bare parent clone-bare-o 2>err &&
+	test_debug "cat err" &&
+	test_i18ngrep -e "--bare and --origin foo options are incompatible" err
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disallows --bare with --separate-git-dir' '
+
+	test_must_fail git clone --bare --separate-git-dir dot-git-destiation parent clone-bare-sgd 2>err &&
+	test_debug "cat err" &&
+	test_i18ngrep -e "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible" err
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'uses "origin" for default remote name' '
+
+	git clone parent clone-default-origin &&
+	git -C clone-default-origin rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefers --template config over normal config' '
+
+	template="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/template-with-config" &&
+	mkdir "$template" &&
+	git config --file "$template/config" foo.bar from_template &&
+	test_config_global foo.bar from_global &&
+	git clone "--template=$template" parent clone-template-config &&
+	test "$(git -C clone-template-config config --local foo.bar)" = "from_template"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefers -c config over --template config' '
+
+	template="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/template-with-ignored-config" &&
+	mkdir "$template" &&
+	git config --file "$template/config" foo.bar from_template &&
+	git clone "--template=$template" -c foo.bar=inline parent clone-template-inline-config &&
+	test "$(git -C clone-template-inline-config config --local foo.bar)" = "inline"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefers config "clone.defaultRemoteName" over default' '
+
+	test_config_global clone.defaultRemoteName from_config &&
+	git clone parent clone-config-origin &&
+	git -C clone-config-origin rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/from_config/master
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefers --origin over -c config' '
+
+	git clone -c clone.defaultRemoteName=inline --origin from_option parent clone-o-and-inline-config &&
+	git -C clone-o-and-inline-config rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/from_option/master
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
index b6fa43ace0..7fc10f8593 100755
--- a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ test_expect_success '--full-diff is not affected by --parents' '
 test_expect_success 'rebuild repo' '
 	rm -rf .git * &&
 	git init &&
-	git switch -c main &&
+	git switch -c topic &&
 
 	echo base >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebuild repo' '
 	git add file &&
 	test_commit B &&
 
-	git switch main &&
+	git switch topic &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -m "M" B &&
 	echo A >file &&
 	echo B >>file &&
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebuild repo' '
 	git merge -m R -Xtheirs X &&
 	note R &&
 
-	git switch main &&
+	git switch topic &&
 	git merge -m N R &&
 	note N &&
 
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebuild repo' '
 	git add z &&
 	test_commit Z &&
 
-	git switch main &&
+	git switch topic &&
 	git merge -m O Z &&
 	note O &&
 
diff --git a/t/t6400-merge-df.sh b/t/t6400-merge-df.sh
index 400a4cd139..f1b84617af 100755
--- a/t/t6400-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t6400-merge-df.sh
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Simple merge in repo with interesting pathnames' '
 		git add . &&
 		git commit -m initial &&
 
-		git branch main &&
+		git branch topic &&
 		git branch other &&
 
 		git checkout other &&
@@ -132,10 +132,10 @@ test_expect_success 'Simple merge in repo with interesting pathnames' '
 		git add -u &&
 		git commit -m other &&
 
-		git checkout main &&
-		echo main >foo/bar/baz &&
+		git checkout topic &&
+		echo topic >foo/bar/baz &&
 		git add -u &&
-		git commit -m main &&
+		git commit -m topic &&
 
 		git merge other &&
 		git ls-files -s >out &&
diff --git a/t/t6409-merge-subtree.sh b/t/t6409-merge-subtree.sh
index 1a0d0e23d0..b8e8b6f642 100755
--- a/t/t6409-merge-subtree.sh
+++ b/t/t6409-merge-subtree.sh
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ test_expect_success 'setup branch sub' '
 	test_commit foo
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup branch main' '
-	git checkout -b main master &&
+test_expect_success 'setup topic branch' '
+	git checkout -b topic master &&
 	git merge -s ours --no-commit --allow-unrelated-histories sub &&
 	git read-tree --prefix=dir/ -u sub &&
-	git commit -m "initial merge of sub into main" &&
+	git commit -m "initial merge of sub into topic" &&
 	test_path_is_file dir/foo.t &&
 	test_path_is_file hello
 '
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ test_expect_success 'update branch sub' '
 	test_commit bar
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'update branch main' '
-	git checkout main &&
-	git merge -s subtree sub -m "second merge of sub into main" &&
+test_expect_success 'update topic branch' '
+	git checkout topic &&
+	git merge -s subtree sub -m "second merge of sub into topic" &&
 	test_path_is_file dir/bar.t &&
 	test_path_is_file dir/foo.t &&
 	test_path_is_file hello
diff --git a/t/t6430-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t6430-merge-recursive.sh
index d48d211a95..a328260d42 100755
--- a/t/t6430-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t6430-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
 
 test_expect_success 'merging with triple rename across D/F conflict' '
 	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-	git checkout -b main &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
 	git rm -rf . &&
 
 	echo "just a file" >sub1 &&
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merging with triple rename across D/F conflict' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -a -m changesimplefile &&
 
-	git checkout main &&
+	git checkout topic &&
 	git rm sub1 &&
 	git mv sub2 sub1 &&
 	test_tick &&
diff --git a/t/t7900-maintenance.sh b/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
index 53c883531e..55116c2f04 100755
--- a/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
+++ b/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ test_description='git maintenance builtin'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 GIT_TEST_COMMIT_GRAPH=0
+GIT_TEST_MULTI_PACK_INDEX=0
 
 test_expect_success 'help text' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git maintenance -h 2>err &&
@@ -62,4 +63,188 @@ test_expect_success 'run --task duplicate' '
 	test_i18ngrep "cannot be selected multiple times" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'run --task=prefetch with no remotes' '
+	git maintenance run --task=prefetch 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefetch multiple remotes' '
+	git clone . clone1 &&
+	git clone . clone2 &&
+	git remote add remote1 "file://$(pwd)/clone1" &&
+	git remote add remote2 "file://$(pwd)/clone2" &&
+	git -C clone1 switch -c one &&
+	git -C clone2 switch -c two &&
+	test_commit -C clone1 one &&
+	test_commit -C clone2 two &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/run-prefetch.txt" git maintenance run --task=prefetch 2>/dev/null &&
+	fetchargs="--prune --no-tags --no-write-fetch-head --recurse-submodules=no --refmap= --quiet" &&
+	test_subcommand git fetch remote1 $fetchargs +refs/heads/\\*:refs/prefetch/remote1/\\* <run-prefetch.txt &&
+	test_subcommand git fetch remote2 $fetchargs +refs/heads/\\*:refs/prefetch/remote2/\\* <run-prefetch.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/remotes &&
+	git log prefetch/remote1/one &&
+	git log prefetch/remote2/two &&
+	git fetch --all &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/remote1/one refs/prefetch/remote1/one &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/remote2/two refs/prefetch/remote2/two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'loose-objects task' '
+	# Repack everything so we know the state of the object dir
+	git repack -adk &&
+
+	# Hack to stop maintenance from running during "git commit"
+	echo in use >.git/objects/maintenance.lock &&
+
+	# Assuming that "git commit" creates at least one loose object
+	test_commit create-loose-object &&
+	rm .git/objects/maintenance.lock &&
+
+	ls .git/objects >obj-dir-before &&
+	test_file_not_empty obj-dir-before &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack >packs-before &&
+	test_line_count = 1 packs-before &&
+
+	# The first run creates a pack-file
+	# but does not delete loose objects.
+	git maintenance run --task=loose-objects &&
+	ls .git/objects >obj-dir-between &&
+	test_cmp obj-dir-before obj-dir-between &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack >packs-between &&
+	test_line_count = 2 packs-between &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/loose-*.pack >loose-packs &&
+	test_line_count = 1 loose-packs &&
+
+	# The second run deletes loose objects
+	# but does not create a pack-file.
+	git maintenance run --task=loose-objects &&
+	ls .git/objects >obj-dir-after &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	info
+	pack
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect obj-dir-after &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack >packs-after &&
+	test_cmp packs-between packs-after
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'maintenance.loose-objects.auto' '
+	git repack -adk &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/trace-lo1.txt" \
+		git -c maintenance.loose-objects.auto=1 maintenance \
+		run --auto --task=loose-objects 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand ! git prune-packed --quiet <trace-lo1.txt &&
+	printf data-A | git hash-object -t blob --stdin -w &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/trace-loA" \
+		git -c maintenance.loose-objects.auto=2 \
+		maintenance run --auto --task=loose-objects 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand ! git prune-packed --quiet <trace-loA &&
+	printf data-B | git hash-object -t blob --stdin -w &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/trace-loB" \
+		git -c maintenance.loose-objects.auto=2 \
+		maintenance run --auto --task=loose-objects 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand git prune-packed --quiet <trace-loB &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/trace-loC" \
+		git -c maintenance.loose-objects.auto=2 \
+		maintenance run --auto --task=loose-objects 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand git prune-packed --quiet <trace-loC
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incremental-repack task' '
+	packDir=.git/objects/pack &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 5)
+	do
+		test_commit $i || return 1
+	done &&
+
+	# Create three disjoint pack-files with size BIG, small, small.
+	echo HEAD~2 | git pack-objects --revs $packDir/test-1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git pack-objects --revs $packDir/test-2 <<-\EOF &&
+	HEAD~1
+	^HEAD~2
+	EOF
+	test_tick &&
+	git pack-objects --revs $packDir/test-3 <<-\EOF &&
+	HEAD
+	^HEAD~1
+	EOF
+	rm -f $packDir/pack-* &&
+	rm -f $packDir/loose-* &&
+	ls $packDir/*.pack >packs-before &&
+	test_line_count = 3 packs-before &&
+
+	# the job repacks the two into a new pack, but does not
+	# delete the old ones.
+	git maintenance run --task=incremental-repack &&
+	ls $packDir/*.pack >packs-between &&
+	test_line_count = 4 packs-between &&
+
+	# the job deletes the two old packs, and does not write
+	# a new one because the batch size is not high enough to
+	# pack the largest pack-file.
+	git maintenance run --task=incremental-repack &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack >packs-after &&
+	test_line_count = 2 packs-after
+'
+
+test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'incremental-repack 2g limit' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 5)
+	do
+		test-tool genrandom foo$i $((512 * 1024 * 1024 + 1)) >>big ||
+		return 1
+	done &&
+	git add big &&
+	git commit -m "Add big file (1)" &&
+
+	# ensure any possible loose objects are in a pack-file
+	git maintenance run --task=loose-objects &&
+
+	rm big &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 6 10)
+	do
+		test-tool genrandom foo$i $((512 * 1024 * 1024 + 1)) >>big ||
+		return 1
+	done &&
+	git add big &&
+	git commit -m "Add big file (2)" &&
+
+	# ensure any possible loose objects are in a pack-file
+	git maintenance run --task=loose-objects &&
+
+	# Now run the incremental-repack task and check the batch-size
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/run-2g.txt" git maintenance run \
+		--task=incremental-repack 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand git multi-pack-index repack \
+		 --no-progress --batch-size=2147483647 <run-2g.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'maintenance.incremental-repack.auto' '
+	git repack -adk &&
+	git config core.multiPackIndex true &&
+	git multi-pack-index write &&
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/midx-init.txt" git \
+		-c maintenance.incremental-repack.auto=1 \
+		maintenance run --auto --task=incremental-repack 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand ! git multi-pack-index write --no-progress <midx-init.txt &&
+	test_commit A &&
+	git pack-objects --revs .git/objects/pack/pack <<-\EOF &&
+	HEAD
+	^HEAD~1
+	EOF
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT=$(pwd)/trace-A git \
+		-c maintenance.incremental-repack.auto=2 \
+		maintenance run --auto --task=incremental-repack 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand ! git multi-pack-index write --no-progress <trace-A &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git pack-objects --revs .git/objects/pack/pack <<-\EOF &&
+	HEAD
+	^HEAD~1
+	EOF
+	GIT_TRACE2_EVENT=$(pwd)/trace-B git \
+		-c maintenance.incremental-repack.auto=2 \
+		maintenance run --auto --task=incremental-repack 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_subcommand git multi-pack-index write --no-progress <trace-B
+'
+
 test_done