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diff --git a/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh b/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
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+++ b/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='
+Test pruning of repositories with minor corruptions. The goal
+here is that we should always be erring on the side of safety. So
+if we see, for example, a ref with a bogus name, it is OK either to
+bail out or to proceed using it as a reachable tip, but it is _not_
+OK to proceed as if it did not exist. Otherwise we might silently
+delete objects that cannot be recovered.
+'
+GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME=main
+export GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_INITIAL_BRANCH_NAME
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'disable reflogs' '
+	git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create history reachable only from a bogus-named ref' '
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m main &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m bogus &&
+	bogus=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $bogus >saved &&
+	echo $bogus >.git/refs/heads/bogus..name &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pruning does not drop bogus object' '
+	test_when_finished "git hash-object -w -t commit saved" &&
+	test_might_fail git prune --expire=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put bogus object into pack' '
+	git tag reachable $bogus &&
+	git repack -ad &&
+	git tag -d reachable &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'destructive repack keeps packed object' '
+	test_might_fail git repack -Ad --unpack-unreachable=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus &&
+	test_might_fail git repack -ad &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+# subsequent tests will have different corruptions
+test_expect_success 'clean up bogus ref' '
+	rm .git/refs/heads/bogus..name
+'
+
+# We create two new objects here, "one" and "two". Our
+# main branch points to "two", which is deleted,
+# corrupting the repository. But we'd like to make sure
+# that the otherwise unreachable "one" is not pruned
+# (since it is the user's best bet for recovering
+# from the corruption).
+#
+# Note that we also point HEAD somewhere besides "two",
+# as we want to make sure we test the case where we
+# pick up the reference to "two" by iterating the refs,
+# not by resolving HEAD.
+test_expect_success 'create history with missing tip commit' '
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m one &&
+	recoverable=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $recoverable >saved &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m two &&
+	missing=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git checkout --detach $base &&
+	rm .git/objects/$(echo $missing | sed "s,..,&/,") &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -e $missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pruning with a corrupted tip does not drop history' '
+	test_when_finished "git hash-object -w -t commit saved" &&
+	test_might_fail git prune --expire=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $recoverable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not silently delete broken loose ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	echo $missing >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/main >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# we do not want to count on running pack-refs to
+# actually pack it, as it is perfectly reasonable to
+# skip processing a broken ref
+test_expect_success 'create packed-refs file with broken ref' '
+	rm -f .git/refs/heads/main &&
+	cat >.git/packed-refs <<-EOF &&
+	$missing refs/heads/main
+	$recoverable refs/heads/other
+	EOF
+	echo $missing >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/main >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not silently delete broken packed ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/main >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not drop broken refs during deletion' '
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/other &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/main >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done