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diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9904396710 --- /dev/null +++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README @@ -0,0 +1,486 @@ + git-multimail + ============= + +git-multimail is a tool for sending notification emails on pushes to a +Git repository. It includes a Python module called git_multimail.py, +which can either be used as a hook script directly or can be imported +as a Python module into another script. + +git-multimail is derived from the Git project's old +contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, and is mostly compatible with that +script. See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for details about +the differences and for how to migrate from post-receive-email to +git-multimail. + +git-multimail, like the rest of the Git project, is licensed under +GPLv2 (see the COPYING file for details). + +Please note: although, as a convenience, git-multimail may be +distributed along with the main Git project, development of +git-multimail takes place in its own, separate project. See section +"Getting involved" below for more information. + + +By default, for each push received by the repository, git-multimail: + +1. Outputs one email summarizing each reference that was changed. + These "reference change" (called "refchange" below) emails describe + the nature of the change (e.g., was the reference created, deleted, + fast-forwarded, etc.) and include a one-line summary of each commit + that was added to the reference. + +2. Outputs one email for each new commit that was introduced by the + reference change. These "commit" emails include a list of the + files changed by the commit, followed by the diffs of files + modified by the commit. The commit emails are threaded to the + corresponding reference change email via "In-Reply-To". This style + (similar to the "git format-patch" style used on the Git mailing + list) makes it easy to scan through the emails, jump to patches + that need further attention, and write comments about specific + commits. Commits are handled in reverse topological order (i.e., + parents shown before children). For example, + + [git] branch master updated + + [git] 01/08: doc: fix xref link from api docs to manual pages + + [git] 02/08: api-credentials.txt: show the big picture first + + [git] 03/08: api-credentials.txt: mention credential.helper explicitly + + [git] 04/08: api-credentials.txt: add "see also" section + + [git] 05/08: t3510 (cherry-pick-sequence): add missing '&&' + + [git] 06/08: Merge branch 'rr/maint-t3510-cascade-fix' + + [git] 07/08: Merge branch 'mm/api-credentials-doc' + + [git] 08/08: Git 1.7.11-rc2 + + Each commit appears in exactly one commit email, the first time + that it is pushed to the repository. If a commit is later merged + into another branch, then a one-line summary of the commit is + included in the reference change email (as usual), but no + additional commit email is generated. + + By default, reference change emails have their "Reply-To" field set + to the person who pushed the change, and commit emails have their + "Reply-To" field set to the author of the commit. + +3. Output one "announce" mail for each new annotated tag, including + information about the tag and optionally a shortlog describing the + changes since the previous tag. Such emails might be useful if you + use annotated tags to mark releases of your project. + + +Requirements +------------ + +* Python 2.x, version 2.4 or later. No non-standard Python modules + are required. git-multimail does *not* currently work with Python + 3.x. + + The example scripts invoke Python using the following shebang line + (following PEP 394 [1]): + + #! /usr/bin/env python2 + + If your system's Python2 interpreter is not in your PATH or is not + called "python2", you can change the lines accordingly. Or you can + invoke the Python interpreter explicitly, for example via a tiny + shell script like + + #! /bin/sh + /usr/local/bin/python /path/to/git_multimail.py "$@" + +* The "git" command must be in your PATH. git-multimail is known to + work with Git versions back to 1.7.1. (Earlier versions have not + been tested; if you do so, please report your results.) + +* To send emails using the default configuration, a standard sendmail + program must be located at '/usr/sbin/sendmail' and configured + correctly to send emails. If this is not the case, see the + multimailhook.mailer configuration variable below for how to + configure git-multimail to send emails via an SMTP server. + + +Invocation +---------- + +git_multimail.py is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a +Git repository (see githooks(5)). Link or copy it to +$GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive within the repository for which email +notifications are desired. Usually it should be installed on the +central repository for a project, to which all commits are eventually +pushed. + +For use on pre-v1.5.1 Git servers, git_multimail.py can also work as +an "update" hook, taking its arguments on the command line. To use +this script in this manner, link or copy it to $GIT_DIR/hooks/update. +Please note that the script is not completely reliable in this mode +[2]. + +Alternatively, git_multimail.py can be imported as a Python module +into your own Python post-receive script. This method is a bit more +work, but allows the behavior of the hook to be customized using +arbitrary Python code. For example, you can use a custom environment +(perhaps inheriting from GenericEnvironment or GitoliteEnvironment) to + +* change how the user who did the push is determined + +* read users' email addresses from an LDAP server or from a database + +* decide which users should be notified about which commits based on + the contents of the commits (e.g., for users who want to be notified + only about changes affecting particular files or subdirectories) + +Or you can change how emails are sent by writing your own Mailer +class. The "post-receive" script in this directory demonstrates how +to use git_multimail.py as a Python module. (If you make interesting +changes of this type, please consider sharing them with the +community.) + + +Configuration +------------- + +By default, git-multimail mostly takes its configuration from the +following "git config" settings: + +multimailhook.environment + + This describes the general environment of the repository. + Currently supported values: + + "generic" -- the username of the pusher is read from $USER and the + repository name is derived from the repository's path. + + "gitolite" -- the username of the pusher is read from $GL_USER and + the repository name from $GL_REPO. + + If neither of these environments is suitable for your setup, then + you can implement a Python class that inherits from Environment + and instantiate it via a script that looks like the example + post-receive script. + + The environment value can be specified on the command line using + the --environment option. If it is not specified on the command + line or by multimailhook.environment, then it defaults to + "gitolite" if the environment contains variables $GL_USER and + $GL_REPO; otherwise "generic". + +multimailhook.repoName + + A short name of this Git repository, to be used in various places + in the notification email text. The default is to use $GL_REPO + for gitolite repositories, or otherwise to derive this value from + the repository path name. + +multimailhook.mailinglist + + The list of email addresses to which notification emails should be + sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas. This + configuration option can be multivalued. Leave it unset or set it + to the empty string to not send emails by default. The next few + settings can be used to configure specific address lists for + specific types of notification email. + +multimailhook.refchangeList + + The list of email addresses to which summary emails about + reference changes should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses + separated by commas. This configuration option can be + multivalued. The default is the value in + multimailhook.mailinglist. Set this value to the empty string to + prevent reference change emails from being sent. + +multimailhook.announceList + + The list of email addresses to which emails about new annotated + tags should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by + commas. This configuration option can be multivalued. The + default is the value in multimailhook.refchangelist or + multimailhook.mailinglist. Set this value to the empty string to + prevent annotated tag announcement emails from being sent. + +multimailhook.commitList + + The list of email addresses to which emails about individual new + commits should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by + commas. This configuration option can be multivalued. The + default is the value in multimailhook.mailinglist. Set this value + to the empty string to prevent notification emails about + individual commits from being sent. + +multimailhook.announceShortlog + + If this option is set to true, then emails about changes to + annotated tags include a shortlog of changes since the previous + tag. This can be useful if the annotated tags represent releases; + then the shortlog will be a kind of rough summary of what has + happened since the last release. But if your tagging policy is + not so straightforward, then the shortlog might be confusing + rather than useful. Default is false. + +multimailhook.refchangeShowLog + + If this option is set to true, then summary emails about reference + changes will include a detailed log of the added commits in + addition to the one line summary. The log is generated by running + "git log" with the options specified in multimailhook.logOpts. + Default is false. + +multimailhook.mailer + + This option changes the way emails are sent. Accepted values are: + + - sendmail (the default): use the command /usr/sbin/sendmail or + /usr/lib/sendmail (or sendmailCommand, if configured). This + mode can be further customized via the following options: + + multimailhook.sendmailCommand + + The command used by mailer "sendmail" to send emails. Shell + quoting is allowed in the value of this setting, but remember that + Git requires double-quotes to be escaped; e.g., + + git config multimailhook.sendmailcommand '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -F \"Git Repo\"' + + Default is '/usr/sbin/sendmail -t' or '/usr/lib/sendmail + -t' (depending on which file is present and executable). + + multimailhook.envelopeSender + + If set then pass this value to sendmail via the -f option to set + the envelope sender address. + + - smtp: use Python's smtplib. This is useful when the sendmail + command is not available on the system. This mode can be + further customized via the following options: + + multimailhook.smtpServer + + The name of the SMTP server to connect to. The value can + also include a colon and a port number; e.g., + "mail.example.com:25". Default is 'localhost' using port + 25. + + multimailhook.envelopeSender + + The sender address to be passed to the SMTP server. If + unset, then the value of multimailhook.from is used. + +multimailhook.from + + If set then use this value in the From: field of generated emails. + If unset, then use the repository's user configuration (user.name + and user.email). If user.email is also unset, then use + multimailhook.envelopeSender. + +multimailhook.administrator + + The name and/or email address of the administrator of the Git + repository; used in FOOTER_TEMPLATE. Default is + multimailhook.envelopesender if it is set; otherwise a generic + string is used. + +multimailhook.emailPrefix + + All emails have this string prepended to their subjects, to aid + email filtering (though filtering based on the X-Git-* email + headers is probably more robust). Default is the short name of + the repository in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]". + +multimailhook.emailMaxLines + + The maximum number of lines that should be included in the body of + a generated email. If not specified, there is no limit. Lines + beyond the limit are suppressed and counted, and a final line is + added indicating the number of suppressed lines. + +multimailhook.emailMaxLineLength + + The maximum length of a line in the email body. Lines longer than + this limit are truncated to this length with a trailing " [...]" + added to indicate the missing text. The default is 500, because + (a) diffs with longer lines are probably from binary files, for + which a diff is useless, and (b) even if a text file has such long + lines, the diffs are probably unreadable anyway. To disable line + truncation, set this option to 0. + +multimailhook.maxCommitEmails + + The maximum number of commit emails to send for a given change. + When the number of patches is larger that this value, only the + summary refchange email is sent. This can avoid accidental + mailbombing, for example on an initial push. To disable commit + emails limit, set this option to 0. The default is 500. + +multimailhook.emailStrictUTF8 + + If this boolean option is set to "true", then the main part of the + email body is forced to be valid UTF-8. Any characters that are + not valid UTF-8 are converted to the Unicode replacement + character, U+FFFD. The default is "true". + +multimailhook.diffOpts + + Options passed to "git diff-tree" when generating the summary + information for ReferenceChange emails. Default is "--stat + --summary --find-copies-harder". Add -p to those options to + include a unified diff of changes in addition to the usual summary + output. Shell quoting is allowed; see multimailhook.logOpts for + details. + +multimailhook.logOpts + + Options passed to "git log" to generate additional info for + reference change emails (used only if refchangeShowLog is set). + For example, adding --graph will show the graph of revisions, -p + will show the complete diff, etc. The default is empty. + + Shell quoting is allowed; for example, a log format that contains + spaces can be specified using something like: + + git config multimailhook.logopts '--pretty=format:"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n"' + + If you want to set this by editing your configuration file + directly, remember that Git requires double-quotes to be escaped + (see git-config(1) for more information): + + [multimailhook] + logopts = --pretty=format:\"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n\" + +multimailhook.emailDomain + + Domain name appended to the username of the person doing the push + to convert it into an email address (via "%s@%s" % (username, + emaildomain)). More complicated schemes can be implemented by + overriding Environment and overriding its get_pusher_email() + method. + +multimailhook.replyTo +multimailhook.replyToCommit +multimailhook.replyToRefchange + + Addresses to use in the Reply-To: field for commit emails + (replyToCommit) and refchange emails (replyToRefchange). + multimailhook.replyTo is used as default when replyToCommit or + replyToRefchange is not set. The value for these variables can be + either: + + - An email address, which will be used directly. + + - The value "pusher", in which case the pusher's address (if + available) will be used. This is the default for refchange + emails. + + - The value "author" (meaningful only for replyToCommit), in which + case the commit author's address will be used. This is the + default for commit emails. + + - The value "none", in which case the Reply-To: field will be + omitted. + + +Email filtering aids +-------------------- + +All emails include extra headers to enable fine tuned filtering and +give information for debugging. All emails include the headers +"X-Git-Repo", "X-Git-Refname", and "X-Git-Reftype". ReferenceChange +emails also include headers "X-Git-Oldrev" and "X-Git-Newrev"; +Revision emails also include header "X-Git-Rev". + + +Customizing email contents +-------------------------- + +git-multimail mostly generates emails by expanding templates. The +templates can be customized. To avoid the need to edit +git_multimail.py directly, the preferred way to change the templates +is to write a separate Python script that imports git_multimail.py as +a module, then replaces the templates in place. See the provided +post-receive script for an example of how this is done. + + +Customizing git-multimail for your environment +---------------------------------------------- + +git-multimail is mostly customized via an "environment" that describes +the local environment in which Git is running. Two types of +environment are built in: + +* GenericEnvironment: a stand-alone Git repository. + +* GitoliteEnvironment: a Git repository that is managed by gitolite + [3]. For such repositories, the identity of the pusher is read from + environment variable $GL_USER, and the name of the repository is + read from $GL_REPO (if it is not overridden by + multimailhook.reponame). + +By default, git-multimail assumes GitoliteEnvironment if $GL_USER and +$GL_REPO are set, and otherwise assumes GenericEnvironment. +Alternatively, you can choose one of these two environments explicitly +by setting a "multimailhook.environment" config setting (which can +have the value "generic" or "gitolite") or by passing an --environment +option to the script. + +If you need to customize the script in ways that are not supported by +the existing environments, you can define your own environment class +class using arbitrary Python code. To do so, you need to import +git_multimail.py as a Python module, as demonstrated by the example +post-receive script. Then implement your environment class; it should +usually inherit from one of the existing Environment classes and +possibly one or more of the EnvironmentMixin classes. Then set the +"environment" variable to an instance of your own environment class +and pass it to run_as_post_receive_hook(). + +The standard environment classes, GenericEnvironment and +GitoliteEnvironment, are in fact themselves put together out of a +number of mixin classes, each of which handles one aspect of the +customization. For the finest control over your configuration, you +can specify exactly which mixin classes your own environment class +should inherit from, and override individual methods (or even add your +own mixin classes) to implement entirely new behaviors. If you +implement any mixins that might be useful to other people, please +consider sharing them with the community! + + +Getting involved +---------------- + +git-multimail is an open-source project, built by volunteers. We +would welcome your help! + +The current maintainer is Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>. + +General discussion of git-multimail takes place on the main Git +mailing list, + + git@vger.kernel.org + +Please CC emails regarding git-multimail to me so that I don't +overlook them. + +The git-multimail project itself is currently hosted on GitHub: + + https://github.com/mhagger/git-multimail + +We use the GitHub issue tracker to keep track of bugs and feature +requests, and GitHub pull requests to exchange patches (though, if you +prefer, you can send patches via the Git mailing list with cc to me). + +Please note that although a copy of git-multimail will probably be +distributed in the "contrib" section of the main Git project, +development takes place in the separate git-multimail repository on +GitHub! (Whenever enough changes to git-multimail have accumulated, a +new code-drop of git-multimail will be submitted for inclusion in the +Git project.) + + +Footnotes +--------- + +[1] http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/ + +[2] Because of the way information is passed to update hooks, the + script's method of determining whether a commit has already been + seen does not work when it is used as an "update" script. In + particular, no notification email will be generated for a new + commit that is added to multiple references in the same push. + +[3] https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite |