17 files changed, 265 insertions, 230 deletions

diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index 57a487e052..079dcd3407 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
 
 static char blame_usage[] = N_("git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file");
 
@@ -566,11 +567,16 @@ static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
 	dst->score = 0;
 }
 
-static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, int lno)
+static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, long lno)
 {
 	return sb->final_buf + sb->lineno[lno];
 }
 
+static const char *nth_line_cb(void *data, long lno)
+{
+	return nth_line((struct scoreboard *)data, lno);
+}
+
 /*
  * It is known that lines between tlno to same came from parent, and e
  * has an overlap with that range.  it also is known that parent's
@@ -1932,83 +1938,6 @@ static const char *add_prefix(const char *prefix, const char *path)
 }
 
 /*
- * Parsing of (comma separated) one item in the -L option
- */
-static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec,
-			     struct scoreboard *sb, long lno,
-			     long begin, long *ret)
-{
-	char *term;
-	const char *line;
-	long num;
-	int reg_error;
-	regex_t regexp;
-	regmatch_t match[1];
-
-	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
-	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
-	 * <something>.
-	 */
-	if (1 < begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
-		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
-		if (term != spec + 1) {
-			if (spec[0] == '-')
-				num = 0 - num;
-			if (0 < num)
-				*ret = begin + num - 2;
-			else if (!num)
-				*ret = begin;
-			else
-				*ret = begin + num;
-			return term;
-		}
-		return spec;
-	}
-	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
-	if (term != spec) {
-		*ret = num;
-		return term;
-	}
-	if (spec[0] != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
-	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
-		if (*term == '\\')
-			term++;
-	}
-	if (*term != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
-	*term = 0;
-	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
-	line = nth_line(sb, begin);
-
-	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
-	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
-		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
-		const char *nline;
-
-		while (begin++ < lno) {
-			nline = nth_line(sb, begin);
-			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
-				break;
-			line = nline;
-		}
-		*ret = begin;
-		regfree(&regexp);
-		*term++ = '/';
-		return term;
-	}
-	else {
-		char errbuf[1024];
-		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
-		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", spec + 1, errbuf);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
  * Parsing of -L option
  */
 static void prepare_blame_range(struct scoreboard *sb,
@@ -2016,15 +1945,7 @@ static void prepare_blame_range(struct scoreboard *sb,
 				long lno,
 				long *bottom, long *top)
 {
-	const char *term;
-
-	term = parse_loc(bottomtop, sb, lno, 1, bottom);
-	if (*term == ',') {
-		term = parse_loc(term + 1, sb, lno, *bottom + 1, top);
-		if (*term)
-			usage(blame_usage);
-	}
-	if (*term)
+	if (parse_range_arg(bottomtop, nth_line_cb, sb, lno, bottom, top, sb->path))
 		usage(blame_usage);
 }
 
@@ -2574,10 +2495,6 @@ parse_done:
 	bottom = top = 0;
 	if (bottomtop)
 		prepare_blame_range(&sb, bottomtop, lno, &bottom, &top);
-	if (bottom && top && top < bottom) {
-		long tmp;
-		tmp = top; top = bottom; bottom = tmp;
-	}
 	if (bottom < 1)
 		bottom = 1;
 	if (top < 1)
diff --git a/builtin/check-ignore.c b/builtin/check-ignore.c
index 854a88a056..4a8fc707c7 100644
--- a/builtin/check-ignore.c
+++ b/builtin/check-ignore.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "pathspec.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
-static int quiet, verbose, stdin_paths;
+static int quiet, verbose, stdin_paths, show_non_matching;
 static const char * const check_ignore_usage[] = {
 "git check-ignore [options] pathname...",
 "git check-ignore [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>",
@@ -22,21 +22,28 @@ static const struct option check_ignore_options[] = {
 		    N_("read file names from stdin")),
 	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
 		    N_("input paths are terminated by a null character")),
+	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "non-matching", &show_non_matching,
+		    N_("show non-matching input paths")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
 static void output_exclude(const char *path, struct exclude *exclude)
 {
-	char *bang  = exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE  ? "!" : "";
-	char *slash = exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR ? "/" : "";
+	char *bang  = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)  ? "!" : "";
+	char *slash = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) ? "/" : "";
 	if (!null_term_line) {
 		if (!verbose) {
 			write_name_quoted(path, stdout, '\n');
 		} else {
-			quote_c_style(exclude->el->src, NULL, stdout, 0);
-			printf(":%d:%s%s%s\t",
-			       exclude->srcpos,
-			       bang, exclude->pattern, slash);
+			if (exclude) {
+				quote_c_style(exclude->el->src, NULL, stdout, 0);
+				printf(":%d:%s%s%s\t",
+				       exclude->srcpos,
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash);
+			}
+			else {
+				printf("::\t");
+			}
 			quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
 			fputc('\n', stdout);
 		}
@@ -44,30 +51,26 @@ static void output_exclude(const char *path, struct exclude *exclude)
 		if (!verbose) {
 			printf("%s%c", path, '\0');
 		} else {
-			printf("%s%c%d%c%s%s%s%c%s%c",
-			       exclude->el->src, '\0',
-			       exclude->srcpos, '\0',
-			       bang, exclude->pattern, slash, '\0',
-			       path, '\0');
+			if (exclude)
+				printf("%s%c%d%c%s%s%s%c%s%c",
+				       exclude->el->src, '\0',
+				       exclude->srcpos, '\0',
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash, '\0',
+				       path, '\0');
+			else
+				printf("%c%c%c%s%c", '\0', '\0', '\0', path, '\0');
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static int check_ignore(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+static int check_ignore(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
 {
-	struct dir_struct dir;
 	const char *path, *full_path;
 	char *seen;
 	int num_ignored = 0, dtype = DT_UNKNOWN, i;
 	struct exclude *exclude;
 
-	/* read_cache() is only necessary so we can watch out for submodules. */
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die(_("index file corrupt"));
-
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
-
 	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
 		if (!quiet)
 			fprintf(stderr, "no pathspec given.\n");
@@ -86,28 +89,26 @@ static int check_ignore(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
 					? strlen(prefix) : 0, path);
 		full_path = check_path_for_gitlink(full_path);
 		die_if_path_beyond_symlink(full_path, prefix);
+		exclude = NULL;
 		if (!seen[i]) {
-			exclude = last_exclude_matching(&dir, full_path, &dtype);
-			if (exclude) {
-				if (!quiet)
-					output_exclude(path, exclude);
-				num_ignored++;
-			}
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching(dir, full_path, &dtype);
 		}
+		if (!quiet && (exclude || show_non_matching))
+			output_exclude(path, exclude);
+		if (exclude)
+			num_ignored++;
 	}
 	free(seen);
-	clear_directory(&dir);
 
 	return num_ignored;
 }
 
-static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(const char *prefix)
+static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
-	char **pathspec = NULL;
-	size_t nr = 0, alloc = 0;
+	char *pathspec[2] = { NULL, NULL };
 	int line_termination = null_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
-	int num_ignored;
+	int num_ignored = 0;
 
 	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
 	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
@@ -118,23 +119,19 @@ static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(const char *prefix)
 				die("line is badly quoted");
 			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
 		}
-		ALLOC_GROW(pathspec, nr + 1, alloc);
-		pathspec[nr] = xcalloc(strlen(buf.buf) + 1, sizeof(*buf.buf));
-		strcpy(pathspec[nr++], buf.buf);
+		pathspec[0] = buf.buf;
+		num_ignored += check_ignore(dir, prefix, (const char **)pathspec);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "check-ignore to stdout");
 	}
-	ALLOC_GROW(pathspec, nr + 1, alloc);
-	pathspec[nr] = NULL;
-	num_ignored = check_ignore(prefix, (const char **)pathspec);
-	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "attribute to stdout");
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
-	free(pathspec);
 	return num_ignored;
 }
 
 int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int num_ignored;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -156,13 +153,24 @@ int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (verbose)
 			die(_("cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"));
 	}
+	if (show_non_matching && !verbose)
+		die(_("--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"));
+
+	/* read_cache() is only necessary so we can watch out for submodules. */
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
 	if (stdin_paths) {
-		num_ignored = check_ignore_stdin_paths(prefix);
+		num_ignored = check_ignore_stdin_paths(&dir, prefix);
 	} else {
-		num_ignored = check_ignore(prefix, argv);
+		num_ignored = check_ignore(&dir, prefix, argv);
 		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "ignore to stdout");
 	}
 
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
 	return !num_ignored;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index 81b4419da5..f5b50e520f 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -825,38 +825,40 @@ static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 }
 
 struct tracking_name_data {
-	const char *name;
-	char *remote;
+	/* const */ char *src_ref;
+	char *dst_ref;
+	unsigned char *dst_sha1;
 	int unique;
 };
 
-static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			       int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int check_tracking_name(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
-	const char *slash;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
-		return 0;
-	slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
-	if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.src = cb->src_ref;
+	if (remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+	    get_sha1(query.dst, cb->dst_sha1))
 		return 0;
-	if (cb->remote) {
+	if (cb->dst_ref) {
 		cb->unique = 0;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+	cb->dst_ref = xstrdup(query.dst);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
-	cb_data.name = name;
-	for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, NULL, 1 };
+	char src_ref[PATH_MAX];
+	snprintf(src_ref, PATH_MAX, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+	cb_data.src_ref = src_ref;
+	cb_data.dst_sha1 = sha1;
+	for_each_remote(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
 	if (cb_data.unique)
-		return cb_data.remote;
-	free(cb_data.remote);
+		return cb_data.dst_ref;
+	free(cb_data.dst_ref);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -919,8 +921,8 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 		if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
 		    !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
 		    argc == 1) {
-			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-			if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
+			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg, rev);
+			if (!remote)
 				return argcount;
 			*new_branch = arg;
 			arg = remote;
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index 035ab64950..66bff5700f 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "dir.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "remote.h"
@@ -542,12 +541,18 @@ static void update_remote_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 			       const struct ref *mapped_refs,
 			       const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
 			       const char *branch_top,
-			       const char *msg)
+			       const char *msg,
+			       struct transport *transport)
 {
 	const struct ref *rm = mapped_refs;
 
-	if (check_everything_connected(iterate_ref_map, 0, &rm))
+	if (0 <= option_verbosity)
+		printf(_("Checking connectivity... "));
+	if (check_everything_connected_with_transport(iterate_ref_map,
+						      0, &rm, transport))
 		die(_("remote did not send all necessary objects"));
+	if (0 <= option_verbosity)
+		printf(_("done\n"));
 
 	if (refs) {
 		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
@@ -783,6 +788,8 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	is_local = option_local != 0 && path && !is_bundle;
 	if (is_local && option_depth)
 		warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
+	if (option_local > 0 && !is_local)
+		warning(_("--local is ignored"));
 
 	if (argc == 2)
 		dir = xstrdup(argv[1]);
@@ -889,6 +896,9 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (option_upload_pack)
 			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
 					     option_upload_pack);
+
+		if (transport->smart_options && !option_depth)
+			transport->smart_options->check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 	}
 
 	refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
@@ -950,7 +960,7 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
 
 	update_remote_refs(refs, mapped_refs, remote_head_points_at,
-			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf);
+			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf, transport);
 
 	update_head(our_head_points_at, remote_head, reflog_msg.buf);
 
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index d2f30d960a..1621dfcd40 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ static const char *cleanup_arg;
 
 static enum commit_whence whence;
 static int use_editor = 1, include_status = 1;
-static int show_ignored_in_status;
+static int show_ignored_in_status, have_option_m;
 static const char *only_include_assumed;
 static struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -121,9 +121,11 @@ static enum {
 static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
-	if (unset)
+	if (unset) {
+		have_option_m = 0;
 		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
-	else {
+	} else {
+		have_option_m = 1;
 		if (buf->len)
 			strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 		strbuf_addstr(buf, arg);
@@ -975,7 +977,7 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 		die(_("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"));
 
-	if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
+	if (logfile || have_option_m || use_message || fixup_message)
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (0 <= edit_flag)
 		use_editor = edit_flag;
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index 33c9bf9d84..19ffcaf187 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -379,8 +379,8 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			 */
 			die("$HOME not set");
 
-		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK) &&
-		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK))
+		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK, 0) &&
+		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK, 0))
 			given_config_file = xdg_config;
 		else
 			given_config_file = user_config;
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 6636a68cd9..ad8471626a 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ static int debug;	/* Display lots of verbose info */
 static int all;	/* Any valid ref can be used */
 static int tags;	/* Allow lightweight tags */
 static int longformat;
+static int first_parent;
 static int abbrev = -1; /* unspecified */
 static int max_candidates = 10;
 static struct hash_table names;
@@ -336,6 +337,9 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 				commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
 			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
 			parents = parents->next;
+
+			if (first_parent)
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -404,6 +408,7 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag, even unannotated")),
 		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
+		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "first-parent", &first_parent, N_("only follow first parent")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exact-match", &max_candidates,
 			    N_("only output exact matches"), 0),
diff --git a/builtin/fast-export.c b/builtin/fast-export.c
index d60d675f6f..d1d68e9fc6 100644
--- a/builtin/fast-export.c
+++ b/builtin/fast-export.c
@@ -613,6 +613,8 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 		char *line_end, *mark_end;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		enum object_type type;
 
 		line_end = strchr(line, '\n');
 		if (line[0] != ':' || !line_end)
@@ -621,23 +623,29 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &mark_end, 10);
 		if (!mark || mark_end == line + 1
-			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1(mark_end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(mark_end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 
 		if (last_idnum < mark)
 			last_idnum = mark;
 
-		object = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!object)
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("object not found: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			/* only commits */
 			continue;
 
+		commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die("not a commit? can't happen: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		object = &commit->object;
+
 		if (object->flags & SHOWN)
 			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-		if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
-			/* only commits */
-			continue;
-
 		mark_object(object, mark);
 
 		object->flags |= SHOWN;
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 4b6b1dfe66..d15a7343d8 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 
 		for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
-				rm->merge = 1;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 		refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
 		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
 		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 	const struct ref *remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
 	if (ref_count || tags == TAGS_SET) {
+		struct ref **old_tail;
+
 		for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refs[i], &tail, 0);
 			if (refs[i].dst && refs[i].dst[0])
@@ -167,9 +169,23 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 		}
 		/* Merge everything on the command line, but not --tags */
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 		if (tags == TAGS_SET)
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+
+		/*
+		 * For any refs that we happen to be fetching via command-line
+		 * arguments, take the opportunity to update their configured
+		 * counterparts. However, we do not want to mention these
+		 * entries in FETCH_HEAD at all, as they would simply be
+		 * duplicates of existing entries.
+		 */
+		old_tail = tail;
+		for (i = 0; i < transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
+			get_fetch_map(ref_map, &transport->remote->fetch[i],
+				      &tail, 1);
+		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
 	} else {
 		/* Use the defaults */
 		struct remote *remote = transport->remote;
@@ -186,7 +202,7 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 					*autotags = 1;
 				if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
 				    !remote->fetch[0].pattern)
-					ref_map->merge = 1;
+					ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			}
 			/*
 			 * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
@@ -202,7 +218,7 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
 			if (!ref_map)
 				die(_("Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"));
-			ref_map->merge = 1;
+			ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			tail = &ref_map->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -389,7 +405,7 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 	const char *what, *kind;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	char *url, *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
-	int want_merge;
+	int want_status;
 
 	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 	if (!fp)
@@ -407,19 +423,22 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * The first pass writes objects to be merged and then the
-	 * second pass writes the rest, in order to allow using
-	 * FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
+	 * We do a pass for each fetch_head_status type in their enum order, so
+	 * merged entries are written before not-for-merge. That lets readers
+	 * use FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
 	 */
-	for (want_merge = 1; 0 <= want_merge; want_merge--) {
+	for (want_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	     want_status <= FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+	     want_status++) {
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			struct ref *ref = NULL;
+			const char *merge_status_marker = "";
 
 			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rm->old_sha1, 1);
 			if (!commit)
-				rm->merge = 0;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE;
 
-			if (rm->merge != want_merge)
+			if (rm->fetch_head_status != want_status)
 				continue;
 
 			if (rm->peer_ref) {
@@ -465,16 +484,26 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 					strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
 				strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
 			}
-			fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
-				sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
-				rm->merge ? "" : "not-for-merge",
-				note.buf);
-			for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
-				if ('\n' == url[i])
-					fputs("\\n", fp);
-				else
-					fputc(url[i], fp);
-			fputc('\n', fp);
+			switch (rm->fetch_head_status) {
+			case FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE:
+				merge_status_marker = "not-for-merge";
+				/* fall-through */
+			case FETCH_HEAD_MERGE:
+				fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
+					sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
+					merge_status_marker,
+					note.buf);
+				for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
+					if ('\n' == url[i])
+						fputs("\\n", fp);
+					else
+						fputc(url[i], fp);
+				fputc('\n', fp);
+				break;
+			default:
+				/* do not write anything to FETCH_HEAD */
+				break;
+			}
 
 			strbuf_reset(&note);
 			if (ref) {
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index 79dfe47320..9c1cfac442 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -77,8 +77,10 @@ static int nr_threads;
 
 static int from_stdin;
 static int strict;
+static int do_fsck_object;
 static int verbose;
 static int show_stat;
+static int check_self_contained_and_connected;
 
 static struct progress *progress;
 
@@ -187,13 +189,13 @@ static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 
 /* The content of each linked object must have been checked
    or it must be already present in the object database */
-static void check_object(struct object *obj)
+static unsigned check_object(struct object *obj)
 {
 	if (!obj)
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_LINK))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_CHECKED)) {
 		unsigned long size;
@@ -201,17 +203,20 @@ static void check_object(struct object *obj)
 		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
 			die(_("object of unexpected type"));
 		obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void check_objects(void)
+static unsigned check_objects(void)
 {
-	unsigned i, max;
+	unsigned i, max, foreign_nr = 0;
 
 	max = get_max_object_index();
 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
-		check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+		foreign_nr += check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+	return foreign_nr;
 }
 
 
@@ -747,8 +752,7 @@ static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
 			int eaten;
 			void *buf = (void *) data;
 
-			if (!buf)
-				buf = new_data = get_data_from_pack(obj_entry);
+			assert(data && "data can only be NULL for large _blobs_");
 
 			/*
 			 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
@@ -757,7 +761,8 @@ static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
 			obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
 			if (!obj)
 				die(_("invalid %s"), typename(type));
-			if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
+			if (do_fsck_object &&
+			    fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
 				die(_("Error in object"));
 			if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_link, NULL))
 				die(_("Not all child objects of %s are reachable"), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
@@ -1491,6 +1496,7 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct pack_idx_entry **idx_objects;
 	struct pack_idx_option opts;
 	unsigned char pack_sha1[20];
+	unsigned foreign_nr = 1;	/* zero is a "good" value, assume bad */
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(index_pack_usage);
@@ -1512,6 +1518,10 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				fix_thin_pack = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
 				strict = 1;
+				do_fsck_object = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check-self-contained-and-connected")) {
+				strict = 1;
+				check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify")) {
 				verify = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat")) {
@@ -1625,7 +1635,7 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	conclude_pack(fix_thin_pack, curr_pack, pack_sha1);
 	free(deltas);
 	if (strict)
-		check_objects();
+		foreign_nr = check_objects();
 
 	if (show_stat)
 		show_pack_info(stat_only);
@@ -1651,5 +1661,11 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (index_name == NULL)
 		free((void *) curr_index);
 
+	/*
+	 * Let the caller know this pack is not self contained
+	 */
+	if (check_self_contained_and_connected && foreign_nr)
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 6e56a50002..9e2123295f 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "streaming.h"
 #include "version.h"
@@ -42,6 +43,12 @@ static const char * const builtin_log_usage[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
+struct line_opt_callback_data {
+	struct rev_info *rev;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct string_list args;
+};
+
 static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(var, value)) {
@@ -76,6 +83,19 @@ static int decorate_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unse
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int log_line_range_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct line_opt_callback_data *data = option->value;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	data->rev->line_level_traverse = 1;
+	string_list_append(&data->args, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void cmd_log_init_defaults(struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	if (fmt_pretty)
@@ -98,6 +118,7 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 {
 	struct userformat_want w;
 	int quiet = 0, source = 0, mailmap = 0;
+	static struct line_opt_callback_data line_cb = {NULL, NULL, STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP};
 
 	const struct option builtin_log_options[] = {
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "quiet", &quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
@@ -105,9 +126,15 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-mailmap", &mailmap, N_("Use mail map file")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, N_("decorate options"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, decorate_callback},
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &line_cb, "n,m:file",
+			     "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1",
+			     log_line_range_callback),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	line_cb.rev = rev;
+	line_cb.prefix = prefix;
+
 	mailmap = use_mailmap_config;
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_log_options, builtin_log_usage,
@@ -161,6 +188,10 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		rev->show_decorations = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
 	}
+
+	if (rev->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_init(rev, line_cb.prefix, &line_cb.args);
+
 	setup_pager();
 }
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index 3e2daa37c3..2ebe732896 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -1054,7 +1054,8 @@ static struct commit_list *collect_parents(struct commit *head_commit,
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
 		if (!commit)
-			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[i]);
+			help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
+					 "not something we can merge");
 		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
 	}
 	*remotes = NULL;
diff --git a/builtin/pack-refs.c b/builtin/pack-refs.c
index b5a0f88eb8..b20b1ec4c1 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-refs.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-refs.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static char const * const pack_refs_usage[] = {
 	N_("git pack-refs [options]"),
diff --git a/builtin/prune-packed.c b/builtin/prune-packed.c
index 83382c1fe1..fa6ce42f44 100644
--- a/builtin/prune-packed.c
+++ b/builtin/prune-packed.c
@@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ static const char * const prune_packed_usage[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-#define DRY_RUN 01
-#define VERBOSE 02
-
 static struct progress *progress;
 
 static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
 		if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(pathname + len, de->d_name, 38);
-		if (opts & DRY_RUN)
+		if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN)
 			printf("rm -f %s\n", pathname);
 		else
 			unlink_or_warn(pathname);
@@ -44,7 +41,7 @@ void prune_packed_objects(int opts)
 	const char *dir = get_object_directory();
 	int len = strlen(dir);
 
-	if (opts == VERBOSE)
+	if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE)
 		progress = start_progress_delay("Removing duplicate objects",
 			256, 95, 2);
 
@@ -71,10 +68,12 @@ void prune_packed_objects(int opts)
 
 int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opts = isatty(2) ? VERBOSE : 0;
+	int opts = isatty(2) ? PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE : 0;
 	const struct option prune_packed_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"), DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"), VERBOSE),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"),
+			PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"),
+			   PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index 85843d4f17..6366917c6d 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("do not remove, show only")),
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report pruned objects")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
-		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
-			 N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
+		OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
+				N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	char *s;
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	stop_progress(&progress);
 	prune_object_dir(get_object_directory());
 
-	prune_packed_objects(show_only);
+	prune_packed_objects(show_only ? PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN : 0);
 	remove_temporary_files(get_object_directory());
 	s = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
 	remove_temporary_files(s);
diff --git a/builtin/push.c b/builtin/push.c
index 909c34dfda..2d84d10720 100644
--- a/builtin/push.c
+++ b/builtin/push.c
@@ -113,17 +113,19 @@ static NORETURN int die_push_simple(struct branch *branch, struct remote *remote
 	    remote->name, branch->name, advice_maybe);
 }
 
+static const char message_detached_head_die[] =
+	N_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+	   "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+	   "state now, use\n"
+	   "\n"
+	   "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n");
+
 static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, int simple)
 {
 	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
 	if (!branch)
-		die(_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
-		    "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
-		    "state now, use\n"
-		    "\n"
-		    "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"),
-		    remote->name);
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
 	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge || !branch->remote_name)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
 		    "To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
@@ -173,6 +175,8 @@ static void warn_unspecified_push_default_configuration(void)
 
 static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 {
+	struct branch *branch;
+
 	switch (push_default) {
 	default:
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
@@ -192,7 +196,10 @@ static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
-		add_refspec("HEAD");
+		branch = branch_get(NULL);
+		if (!branch)
+			die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+		add_refspec(branch->name);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index 72a0af70c3..54184b3d13 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -496,11 +496,9 @@ static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned l
 {
 	if (!value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
-	if (!strcmp(value, "never") || !strcmp(value, "false")) {
-		*expire = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	*expire = approxidate(value);
+	if (parse_expiry_date(value, expire))
+		return error(_("%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"),
+			     value, var);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -614,11 +612,13 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
 			cb.dry_run = 1;
 		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire=")) {
-			cb.expire_total = approxidate(arg + 9);
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 9, &cb.expire_total))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		}
 		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
-			cb.expire_unreachable = approxidate(arg + 21);
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 21, &cb.expire_unreachable))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--stale-fix"))