diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
105 files changed, 2268 insertions, 470 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index d40e211f22..063fa696c9 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -66,12 +66,6 @@ endif -include ../config.mak # -# For asciidoc ... -# -7.1.2, set ASCIIDOC7 -# 8.0-, no extra settings are needed -# - -# # For docbook-xsl ... # -1.68.1, no extra settings are needed? # 1.69.0, set ASCIIDOC_ROFF? @@ -81,9 +75,6 @@ endif # 1.73.0-, no extra settings are needed # -ifndef ASCIIDOC7 -ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a asciidoc7compatible -a no-inline-literal -endif ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl @@ -124,14 +115,15 @@ SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL) # Shell quote; SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH)) -# -# Please note that there is a minor bug in asciidoc. -# The version after 6.0.3 _will_ include the patch found here: -# http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111558757202243&w=2 -# -# Until that version is released you may have to apply the patch -# yourself - yes, all 6 characters of it! -# +ifdef DEFAULT_PAGER +DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_PAGER)) +ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-pager=$(DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ)' +endif + +ifdef DEFAULT_EDITOR +DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_EDITOR)) +ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-editor=$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ)' +endif QUIET_SUBDIR0 = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir QUIET_SUBDIR1 = @@ -270,6 +262,7 @@ technical/api-index.txt: technical/api-index-skel.txt \ technical/api-index.sh $(patsubst %,%.txt,$(API_DOCS)) $(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh +technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../ $(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index): %.html : %.txt $(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \ $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $*.txt @@ -323,6 +316,7 @@ $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt WEBDOC_DEST = /pub/software/scm/git/docs +howto/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../ $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(wildcard howto/*.txt)): %.html : %.txt $(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \ sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b xhtml11 - >$@+ && \ diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..806a965a1b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +Git v1.7.10.1 Release Notes +=========================== + +Additions since v1.7.10 +----------------------- + +Localization message files for Danish and German have been added. + + +Fixes since v1.7.10 +------------------- + + * "git add -p" is not designed to deal with unmerged paths but did + not exclude them and tried to apply funny patches only to fail. + + * "git blame" started missing quite a few changes from the origin + since we stopped using the diff minimalization by default in v1.7.2 + era. + + * When PATH contains an unreadable directory, alias expansion code + did not kick in, and failed with an error that said "git-subcmd" + was not found. + + * "git clean -d -f" (not "-d -f -f") is supposed to protect nested + working trees of independent git repositories that exist in the + current project working tree from getting removed, but the + protection applied only to such working trees that are at the + top-level of the current project by mistake. + + * "git commit --author=$name" did not tell the name that was being + recorded in the resulting commit to hooks, even though it does do + so when the end user overrode the authorship via the + "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" environment variable. + + * When "git commit --template F" errors out because the user did not + touch the message, it claimed that it aborts due to "empty + message", which was utterly wrong. + + * The regexp configured with diff.wordregex was incorrectly reused + across files. + + * An age-old corner case bug in combine diff (only triggered with -U0 + and the hunk at the beginning of the file needs to be shown) has + been fixed. + + * Rename detection logic used to match two empty files as renames + during merge-recursive, leading to unnatural mismerges. + + * The parser in "fast-import" did not diagnose ":9" style references + that is not followed by required SP/LF as an error. + + * When "git fetch" encounters repositories with too many references, + the command line of "fetch-pack" that is run by a helper + e.g. remote-curl, may fail to hold all of them. Now such an + internal invocation can feed the references through the standard + input of "fetch-pack". + + * "git fetch" that recurses into submodules on demand did not check + if it needs to go into submodules when non branches (most notably, + tags) are fetched. + + * "log -p --graph" used with "--stat" had a few formatting error. + + * Running "notes merge --commit" failed to perform correctly when run + from any directory inside $GIT_DIR/. When "notes merge" stops with + conflicts, $GIT_DIR/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE is the place a user edits + to resolve it. + + * The 'push to upstream' implementation was broken in some corner + cases. "git push $there" without refspec, when the current branch + is set to push to a remote different from $there, used to push to + $there using the upstream information to a remote unreleated to + $there. + + * Giving "--continue" to a conflicted "rebase -i" session skipped a + commit that only results in changes to submodules. + +Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7a7e9d6fd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +Git v1.7.10.2 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.10.1 +--------------------- + + * The test scaffolding for git-daemon was flaky. + + * The test scaffolding for fast-import was flaky. + + * The filesystem boundary was not correctly reported when .git directory + discovery stopped at a mount point. + + * HTTP transport that requires authentication did not work correctly when + multiple connections are used simultaneously. + + * Minor memory leak during unpack_trees (hence "merge" and "checkout" + to check out another branch) has been plugged. + + * In the older days, the header "Conflicts:" in "cherry-pick" and "merge" + was separated by a blank line from the list of paths that follow for + readability, but when "merge" was rewritten in C, we lost it by + mistake. Remove the newline from "cherry-pick" to make them match + again. + + * The command line parser choked "git cherry-pick $name" when $name can + be both revision name and a pathname, even though $name can never be a + path in the context of the command. + + * The "include.path" facility in the configuration mechanism added in + 1.7.10 forgot to interpret "~/path" and "~user/path" as it should. + + * "git config --rename-section" to rename an existing section into a + bogus one did not check the new name. + + * The "diff --no-index" codepath used limited-length buffers, risking + pathnames getting truncated. Update it to use the strbuf API. + + * The report from "git fetch" said "new branch" even for a non branch + ref. + + * The http-backend (the server side of the smart http transfer) used + to overwrite GIT_COMMITTER_NAME and GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL with the + value obtained from REMOTE_USER unconditionally, making it + impossible for the server side site-specific customization to use + different identity sources to affect the names logged. It now uses + REMOTE_USER only as a fallback value. + + * "log --graph" was not very friendly with "--stat" option and its + output had line breaks at wrong places. + + * Octopus merge strategy did not reduce heads that are recorded in the + final commit correctly. + + * "git push" over smart-http lost progress output a few releases ago; + this release resurrects it. + + * The error and advice messages given by "git push" when it fails due + to non-ff were not very helpful to new users; it has been broken + into three cases, and each is given a separate advice message. + + * The insn sheet given by "rebase -i" did not make it clear that the + insn lines can be re-ordered to affect the order of the commits in + the resulting history. + + * "git repack" used to write out unreachable objects as loose objects + when repacking, even if such loose objects will immediately pruned + due to its age. + + * A contrib script "rerere-train" did not work out of the box unless + user futzed with her $PATH. + + * "git rev-parse --show-prefix" used to emit nothing when run at the + top-level of the working tree, but now it gives a blank line. + + * The i18n of error message "git stash save" was not properly done. + + * "git submodule" used a sed script that some platforms mishandled. + + * When using a Perl script on a system where "perl" found on user's + $PATH could be ancient or otherwise broken, we allow builders to + specify the path to a good copy of Perl with $PERL_PATH. The + gitweb test forgot to use that Perl when running its test. + +Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..703fbf1d60 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +Git v1.7.10.3 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.10.2 +--------------------- + + * The message file for German translation has been updated a bit. + + * Running "git checkout" on an unborn branch used to corrupt HEAD. + + * When checking out another commit from an already detached state, we + used to report all commits that are not reachable from any of the + refs as lossage, but some of them might be reachable from the new + HEAD, and there is no need to warn about them. + + * Some time ago, "git clone" lost the progress output for its + "checkout" phase; when run without any "--quiet" option, it should + give progress to the lengthy operation. + + * The directory path used in "git diff --no-index", when it recurses + down, was broken with a recent update after v1.7.10.1 release. + + * "log -z --pretty=tformat:..." did not terminate each record with + NUL. The fix is not entirely correct when the output also asks for + --patch and/or --stat, though. + + * The DWIM behaviour for "log --pretty=format:%gd -g" was somewhat + broken and gave undue precedence to configured log.date, causing + "git stash list" to show "stash@{time stamp string}". + + * "git status --porcelain" ignored "--branch" option by mistake. The + output for "git status --branch -z" was also incorrect and did not + terminate the record for the current branch name with NUL as asked. + + * When a submodule repository uses alternate object store mechanism, + some commands that were started from the superproject did not + notice it and failed with "No such object" errors. The subcommands + of "git submodule" command that recursed into the submodule in a + separate process were OK; only the ones that cheated and peeked + directly into the submodule's repository from the primary process + were affected. + +Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..326670df6e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Git v1.7.10.4 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.10.3 +--------------------- + + * The message file for Swedish translation has been updated a bit. + + * A name taken from mailmap was copied into an internal buffer + incorrectly and could overun the buffer if it is too long. + + * A malformed commit object that has a header line chomped in the + middle could kill git with a NULL pointer dereference. + + * An author/committer name that is a single character was mishandled + as an invalid name by mistake. + + * The progress indicator for a large "git checkout" was sent to + stderr even if it is not a terminal. + + * "git grep -e '$pattern'", unlike the case where the patterns are + read from a file, did not treat individual lines in the given + pattern argument as separate regular expressions as it should. + + * When "git rebase" was given a bad commit to replay the history on, + its error message did not correctly give the command line argument + it had trouble parsing. + +Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4db1770e38 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +Git v1.7.10.5 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.10.4 +--------------------- + + * "git fast-export" did not give a readable error message when the + same mark erroneously appeared twice in the --import-marks input. + + * "git rebase -p" used to pay attention to rebase.autosquash which + was wrong. "git rebase -p -i" should, but "git rebase -p" by + itself should not. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..58100bf04e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +Git v1.7.10 Release Notes +========================= + +Compatibility Notes +------------------- + + * From this release on, the "git merge" command in an interactive + session will start an editor when it automatically resolves the + merge for the user to explain the resulting commit, just like the + "git commit" command does when it wasn't given a commit message. + + If you have a script that runs "git merge" and keeps its standard + input and output attached to the user's terminal, and if you do not + want the user to explain the resulting merge commits, you can + export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT environment variable set to "no", like + this: + + #!/bin/sh + GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT=no + export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT + + to disable this behavior (if you want your users to explain their + merge commits, you do not have to do anything). Alternatively, you + can give the "--no-edit" option to individual invocations of the + "git merge" command if you know everybody who uses your script has + Git v1.7.8 or newer. + + * The "--binary/-b" options to "git am" have been a no-op for quite a + while and were deprecated in mid 2008 (v1.6.0). When you give these + options to "git am", it will now warn and ask you not to use them. + + * When you do not tell which branches and tags to push to the "git + push" command in any way, the command used "matching refs" rule to + update remote branches and tags with branches and tags with the + same name you locally have. In future versions of Git, this will + change to push out only your current branch according to either the + "upstream" or the "current" rule. Although "upstream" may be more + powerful once the user understands Git better, the semantics + "current" gives is simpler and easier to understand for beginners + and may be a safer and better default option. We haven't decided + yet which one to switch to. + + +Updates since v1.7.9 +-------------------- + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * various "gitk" updates. + - show the path to the top level directory in the window title + - update preference edit dialog + - display file list correctly when directories are given on command line + - make "git-describe" output in the log message into a clickable link + - avoid matching the UNIX timestamp part when searching all fields + - give preference to symbolic font names like sans & monospace + - allow comparing two commits using a mark + - "gitk" honors log.showroot configuration. + + * Teams for localizing the messages from the Porcelain layer of + commands are starting to form, thanks to Jiang Xin who volunteered + to be the localization coordinator. Translated messages for + simplified Chinese, Swedish and Portuguese are available. + + * The configuration mechanism learned an "include" facility; an + assignment to the include.path pseudo-variable causes the named + file to be included in-place when Git looks up configuration + variables. + + * A content filter (clean/smudge) used to be just a way to make the + recorded contents "more useful", and allowed to fail; a filter can + now optionally be marked as "required". + + * Options whose names begin with "--no-" (e.g. the "--no-verify" + option of the "git commit" command) can be negated by omitting + "no-" from its name, e.g. "git commit --verify". + + * "git am" learned to pass "-b" option to underlying "git mailinfo", so + that a bracketed string other than "PATCH" at the beginning can be kept. + + * "git clone" learned "--single-branch" option to limit cloning to a + single branch (surprise!); tags that do not point into the history + of the branch are not fetched. + + * "git clone" learned to detach the HEAD in the resulting repository + when the user specifies a tag with "--branch" (e.g., "--branch=v1.0"). + Clone also learned to print the usual "detached HEAD" advice in such + a case, similar to "git checkout v1.0". + + * When showing a patch while ignoring whitespace changes, the context + lines are taken from the postimage, in order to make it easier to + view the output. + + * "git diff --stat" learned to adjust the width of the output on + wider terminals, and give more columns to pathnames as needed. + + * "diff-highlight" filter (in contrib/) was updated to produce more + aesthetically pleasing output. + + * "fsck" learned "--no-dangling" option to omit dangling object + information. + + * "git log -G" and "git log -S" learned to pay attention to the "-i" + option. With "-i", "log -G" ignores the case when finding patch + hunks that introduce or remove a string that matches the given + pattern. Similarly with "-i", "log -S" ignores the case when + finding the commit the given block of text appears or disappears + from the file. + + * "git merge" in an interactive session learned to spawn the editor + by default to let the user edit the auto-generated merge message, + to encourage people to explain their merges better. Legacy scripts + can export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT=no to retain the historical behavior. + Both "git merge" and "git pull" can be given --no-edit from the + command line to accept the auto-generated merge message. + + * The advice message given when the user didn't give enough clue on + what to merge to "git pull" and "git merge" has been updated to + be more concise and easier to understand. + + * "git push" learned the "--prune" option, similar to "git fetch". + + * The whole directory that houses a top-level superproject managed by + "git submodule" can be moved to another place. + + * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "--short" option to abbreviate the + refname it shows unambiguously. + + * "git tag --list" can be given "--points-at <object>" to limit its + output to those that point at the given object. + + * "gitweb" allows intermediate entries in the directory hierarchy + that leads to a project to be clicked, which in turn shows the + list of projects inside that directory. + + * "gitweb" learned to read various pieces of information for the + repositories lazily, instead of reading everything that could be + needed (including the ones that are not necessary for a specific + task). + + * Project search in "gitweb" shows the substring that matched in the + project name and description highlighted. + + * HTTP transport learned to authenticate with a proxy if needed. + + * A new script "diffall" is added to contrib/; it drives an + external tool to perform a directory diff of two Git revisions + in one go, unlike "difftool" that compares one file at a time. + +Foreign Interface + + * Improved handling of views, labels and branches in "git-p4" (in contrib). + + * "git-p4" (in contrib) suffered from unnecessary merge conflicts when + p4 expanded the embedded $RCS$-like keywords; it can be now told to + unexpand them. + + * Some "git-svn" updates. + + * "vcs-svn"/"svn-fe" learned to read dumps with svn-deltas and + support incremental imports. + + * "git difftool/mergetool" learned to drive DeltaWalker. + +Performance + + * Unnecessary calls to parse_object() "git upload-pack" makes in + response to "git fetch", have been eliminated, to help performance + in repositories with excessive number of refs. + +Internal Implementation (please report possible regressions) + + * Recursive call chains in "git index-pack" to deal with long delta + chains have been flattened, to reduce the stack footprint. + + * Use of add_extra_ref() API is now gone, to make it possible to + cleanly restructure the overall refs API. + + * The command line parser of "git pack-objects" now uses parse-options + API. + + * The test suite supports the new "test_pause" helper function. + + * Parallel to the test suite, there is a beginning of performance + benchmarking framework. + + * t/Makefile is adjusted to prevent newer versions of GNU make from + running tests in seemingly random order. + + * The code to check if a path points at a file beyond a symbolic link + has been restructured to be thread-safe. + + * When pruning directories that has become empty during "git prune" + and "git prune-packed", call closedir() that iterates over a + directory before rmdir() it. + +Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.7.9 +------------------ + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.9 in the maintenance +releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for +details). + + * Build with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER was broken and Git::I18N did not work + with versions of Perl older than 5.8.3. + (merge 5eb660e ab/perl-i18n later to maint). + + * "git tag -s" honored "gpg.program" configuration variable since + 1.7.9, but "git tag -v" and "git verify-tag" didn't. + (merge a2c2506 az/verify-tag-use-gpg-config later to maint). + + * "configure" script learned to take "--with-sane-tool-path" from the + command line to record SANE_TOOL_PATH (used to avoid broken platform + tools in /usr/bin) in config.mak.autogen. This may be useful for + people on Solaris who have saner tools outside /usr/xpg[46]/bin. + + * zsh port of bash completion script needed another workaround. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..577eccaacd --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Git v1.7.11.1 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11 +------------------- + + * The cross links in the HTML version of manual pages were broken. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0d24d1270 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Git v1.7.11.2 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.1 +--------------------- + + * On Cygwin, the platform pread(2) is not thread safe, just like our + own compat/ emulation, and cannot be used in the index-pack + program. Makefile variable NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD can be defined to + avoid use of this function in a threaded program. + + * "git add" allows adding a regular file to the path where a + submodule used to exist, but "git update-index" does not allow an + equivalent operation to Porcelain writers. + + * "git archive" incorrectly computed the header checksum; the symptom + was observed only when using pathnames with hi-bit set. + + * "git blame" did not try to make sure that the abbreviated commit + object names in its output are unique. + + * Running "git bundle verify" on a bundle that records a complete + history said "it requires these 0 commits". + + * "git clone --single-branch" to clone a single branch did not limit + the cloning to the specified branch. + + * "git diff --no-index" did not correctly handle relative paths and + did not correctly give exit codes when run under "--quiet" option. + + * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly. + + * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that + claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it. + + * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with + "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the + simplification logic to use in-core commit objects that haven't + been examined for relevance, either producing incorrect result or + taking too long to produce any output. Teach the simplification + logic to ignore commits that the first-parent traversal logic + ignored when both are in effect to work around the issue. + + * "git ls-files --exclude=t -i" did not consider anything under t/ as + excluded, as it did not pay attention to exclusion of leading paths + while walking the index. Other two users of excluded() are also + updated. + + * "git request-pull $url dev" when the tip of "dev" branch was tagged + with "ext4-for-linus" used the contents from the tag in the output + but still asked the "dev" branch to be pulled, not the tag. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64494f89d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Git v1.7.11.3 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.3 +--------------------- + + * The error message from "git push $there :bogo" (and its equivalent + "git push $there --delete bogo") mentioned that we tried and failed + to guess what ref is being deleted based on the LHS of the refspec, + which we don't. + + * A handful of files and directories we create had tighter than + necessary permission bits when the user wanted to have group + writability (e.g. by setting "umask 002"). + + * "commit --amend" used to refuse amending a commit with an empty log + message, with or without "--allow-empty-message". + + * "git commit --amend --only --" was meant to allow "Clever" people to + rewrite the commit message without making any change even when they + have already changes for the next commit added to their index, but + it never worked as advertised since it was introduced in 1.3.0 era. + + * Even though the index can record pathnames longer than 1<<12 bytes, + in some places we were not comparing them in full, potentially + replacing index entries instead of adding. + + * "git show"'s auto-walking behaviour was an unreliable and + unpredictable hack; it now behaves just like "git log" does when it + walks. + + * "git diff", "git status" and anything that internally uses the + comparison machinery was utterly broken when the difference + involved a file with "-" as its name. This was due to the way "git + diff --no-index" was incorrectly bolted on to the system, making + any comparison that involves a file "-" at the root level + incorrectly read from the standard input. + + * We did not have test to make sure "git rebase" without extra options + filters out an empty commit in the original history. + + * "git fast-export" produced an input stream for fast-import without + properly quoting pathnames when they contain SPs in them. + + * "git checkout --detach", when you are still on an unborn branch, + should be forbidden, but it wasn't. + + * Some implementations of Perl terminates "lines" with CRLF even when + the script is operating on just a sequence of bytes. Make sure to + use "$PERL_PATH", the version of Perl the user told Git to use, in + our tests to avoid unnecessary breakages in tests. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..15b954ca4b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +Git v1.7.11 Release Notes +========================= + +Updates since v1.7.10 +--------------------- + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * A new mode for push, "simple", which is a cross between "current" + and "upstream", has been introduced. "git push" without any refspec + will push the current branch out to the same name at the remote + repository only when it is set to track the branch with the same + name over there. The plan is to make this mode the new default + value when push.default is not configured. + + * A couple of commands learned the "--column" option to produce + columnar output. + + * A third-party tool "git subtree" is distributed in contrib/ + + * A remote helper that acts as a proxy and caches ssl session for the + https:// transport is added to the contrib/ area. + + * Error messages given when @{u} is used for a branch without its + upstream configured have been clarified. + + * Even with the "-q"uiet option, "checkout" used to report setting up + tracking. Also "branch" learned the "-q"uiet option to squelch + informational message. + + * Your build platform may support hardlinks but you may prefer not to + use them, e.g. when installing to DESTDIR to make a tarball and + untarring on a filesystem that has poor support for hardlinks. + There is a Makefile option NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS for you. + + * The smart-http backend used to always override GIT_COMMITTER_* + variables with REMOTE_USER and REMOTE_ADDR, but these variables are + now preserved when set. + + * "git am" learned the "--include" option, which is an opposite of + existing the "--exclude" option. + + * When "git am -3" needs to fall back to an application of the patch + to a synthesized preimage followed by a 3-way merge, the paths that + needed such treatment are now reported to the end user, so that the + result in them can be eyeballed with extra care. + + * The output from "diff/log --stat" used to always allocate 4 columns + to show the number of modified lines, but not anymore. + + * "git difftool" learned the "--dir-diff" option to spawn external + diff tools that can compare two directory hierarchies at a time + after populating two temporary directories, instead of running an + instance of the external tool once per a file pair. + + * The "fmt-merge-msg" command learned to list the primary contributors + involved in the side topic you are merging in a comment in the merge + commit template. + + * "git rebase" learned to optionally keep commits that do not + introduce any change in the original history. + + * "git push --recurse-submodules" learned to optionally look into the + histories of submodules bound to the superproject and push them + out. + + * A 'snapshot' request to "gitweb" honors If-Modified-Since: header, + based on the commit date. + + * "gitweb" learned to highlight the patch it outputs even more. + +Foreign Interface + + * "git svn" used to die with unwanted SIGPIPE when talking with an HTTP + server that uses keep-alive. + + * "git svn" learned to use platform specific authentication + providers, e.g. gnome-keyring, kwallet, etc. + + * "git p4" has been moved out of the contrib/ area and has seen more + work on importing labels as tags from (and exporting tags as labels + to) p4. + +Performance and Internal Implementation (please report possible regressions) + + * Bash completion script (in contrib/) have been cleaned up to make + future work on it simpler. + + * An experimental "version 4" format of the index file has been + introduced to reduce on-disk footprint and I/O overhead. + + * "git archive" learned to produce its output without reading the + blob object it writes out in memory in its entirety. + + * "git index-pack" that runs when fetching or pushing objects to + complete the packfile on the receiving end learned to use multiple + threads to do its job when available. + + * The code to compute hash values for lines used by the internal diff + engine was optimized on little-endian machines, using the same + trick the kernel folks came up with. + + * "git apply" had some memory leaks plugged. + + * Setting up a revision traversal with many starting points was + inefficient as these were placed in a date-order priority queue + one-by-one. Now they are collected in the queue unordered first, + and sorted immediately before getting used. + + * More lower-level commands learned to use the streaming API to read + from the object store without keeping everything in core. + + * The weighting parameters to suggestion command name typo have been + tweaked, so that "git tags" will suggest "tag?" and not "stage?". + + * Because "sh" on the user's PATH may be utterly broken on some + systems, run-command API now uses SHELL_PATH, not /bin/sh, when + spawning an external command (not applicable to Windows port). + + * The API to iterate over the refs/ hierarchy has been tweaked to + allow walking only a subset of it more efficiently. + +Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.7.10 +------------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.10 in the maintenance +releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for +details). + + * "git submodule init" used to report "registered for path ..." + even for submodules that were registered earlier. + (cherry-pick c1c259e jl/submodule-report-new-path-once later to maint). + + * "git diff --stat" used to fully count a binary file with modified + execution bits whose contents is unmodified, which was not quite + right. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4de5b6611c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +Git v1.7.12 Release Notes +========================= + +Updates since v1.7.11 +--------------------- + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * Git can be told to normalize pathnames it read from readdir(3) and + all arguments it got from the command line into precomposed UTF-8 + (assuming that they come as decomposed UTF-8), in order to work + around issues on Mac OS. + + I think there still are other places that need conversion + (e.g. paths that are read from stdin for some commands), but this + should be a good first step in the right direction. + + * Per-user $HOME/.gitconfig file can optionally be stored in + $HOME/.config/git/config instead, which is in line with XDG. + + * The value of core.attributesfile and core.excludesfile default to + $HOME/.config/git/attributes and $HOME/.config/git/ignore respectively + when these files exist. + + * Logic to disambiguate abbreviated object names have been taught to + take advantage of object types that are expected in the context, + e.g. XXXXXX in the "git describe" output v1.2.3-gXXXXXX must be a + commit object, not a blob nor a tree. This will help us prolong + the lifetime of abbreviated object names. + + * "git apply" learned to wiggle the base version and perform three-way + merge when a patch does not exactly apply to the version you have. + + * Scripted Porcelain writers now have access to the credential API via + the "git credential" plumbing command. + + * "git help" used to always default to "man" format even on platforms + where "man" viewer is not widely available. + + * "git clone --local $path" started its life as an experiment to + optionally use link/copy when cloning a repository on the disk, but + we didn't deprecate it after we made the option a no-op to always + use the optimization. The command learned "--no-local" option to + turn this off, as a more explicit alternative over use of file:// + URL. + + * "git fetch" and friends used to say "remote side hung up + unexpectedly" when they failed to get response they expect from the + other side, but one common reason why they don't get expected + response is that the remote repository does not exist or cannot be + read. The error message in this case was updated to give better + hints to the user. + + * git native protocol agents learned to show software version over + the wire, so that the server log can be examined to see the vintage + distribution of clients. + + * "git help -w $cmd" can show HTML version of documentation for + "git-$cmd" by setting help.htmlpath to somewhere other than the + default location where the build procedure installs them locally; + the variable can even point at a http:// URL. + + * "git rebase [-i] --root $tip" can now be used to rewrite all the + history leading to "$tip" down to the root commit. + + * "git rebase -i" learned "-x <cmd>" to insert "exec <cmd>" after + each commit in the resulting history. + + * "git status" gives finer classification to various states of paths + in conflicted state and offer advice messages in its output. + + * "git submodule" learned to deal with nested submodule structure + where a module is contained within a module whose origin is + specified as a relative URL to its superproject's origin. + + * A rather heavy-ish "git completion" script has been split to create + a separate "git prompting" script, to help lazy-autoloading of the + completion part while making prompting part always available. + + * "gitweb" pays attention to various forms of credits that are + similar to "Signed-off-by:" lines in the commit objects and + highlights them accordingly. + + +Foreign Interface + + * "mediawiki" remote helper (in contrib/) learned to handle file + attachments. + + * "git p4" now uses "Jobs:" and "p4 move" when appropriate. + + * vcs-svn has been updated to clean-up compilation, lift 32-bit + limitations, etc. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. (please report possible regressions) + + * Some tests showed false failures caused by a bug in ecryptofs. + + * We no longer use AsciiDoc7 syntax in our documentation and favor a + more modern style. + + * "git am --rebasing" codepath was taught to grab authorship, log + message and the patch text directly out of existing commits. This + will help rebasing commits that have confusing "diff" output in + their log messages. + + * "git index-pack" and "git pack-objects" use streaming API to read + from the object store to avoid having to hold a large blob object + in-core while they are doing their thing. + + * Code to match paths with exclude patterns learned to avoid calling + fnmatch() by comparing fixed leading substring literally when + possible. + + * "git log -n 1 -- rarely-touched-path" was spending unnecessary + cycles after showing the first change to find the next one, only to + discard it. + + * "git svn" got a large-looking code reorganization at the last + minute before the code freeze. + +Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.7.11 +------------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.11 in the maintenance +releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for +details). + + * "git checkout <branchname>" to come back from a detached HEAD state + incorrectly computed reachability of the detached HEAD, resulting + in unnecessary warnings. + (merge add416a jk/maint-checkout-orphan-check-fix later to maint). + + * The documentation for revision range specifiers (e.g. A..B, A^@) + has been updated. + (merge ca5ee2d mh/maint-revisions-doc later to maint). + + * "git submodule add" was confused when the superproject did not have + its repository in its usual place in the working tree and GIT_DIR + and GIT_WORK_TREE was used to access it. + + * "git mergetool" did not support --tool-help option to give the list + of supported backends, like "git difftool" does. + (merge 109859e jc/mergetool-tool-help later to maint). + + * "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" file that is used to hold the commit log + message user edits was not documented. + (merge 41f597d jk/maint-commit-document-editmsg later to maint). + + * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then died + when the human-readable committer name was given insufficiently by + getpwent(3). + (merge f20f387 jk/maint-commit-check-committer-early later to maint). + + * The advise() function did not use varargs correctly to format + its message. + (merge 447b99c jk/maint-advise-vaddf later to maint). + + * "git commit-tree" learned a more natural "-p <parent> <tree>" order + of arguments long time ago, but recently forgot it by mistake. + (merge 4b7518a kk/maint-commit-tree later to maint). + + * "git diff --no-ext-diff" did not output anything for a typechange + filepair when GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF is in effect. + (merge c12f82a jv/maint-no-ext-diff later to maint). + + * When "git am" failed, old timers knew to check .git/rebase-apply/patch + to see what went wrong, but we never told the users about it. + (merge 14bf2d5 pg/maint-1.7.9-am-where-is-patch later to maint). + + * When "git submodule add" clones a submodule repository, it can get + confused where to store the resulting submodule repository in the + superproject's .git/ directory when there is a symbolic link in the + path to the current directory. + (merge 6eafa6d jl/maint-1.7.10-recurse-submodules-with-symlink later to maint). + + * In 1.7.9 era, we taught "git rebase" about the raw timestamp format + but we did not teach the same trick to "filter-branch", which rolled + a similar logic on its own. + (merge 44b85e89 jc/maint-filter-branch-epoch-date later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf index aea8627be0..a26d245ab4 100644 --- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf +++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf @@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ endif::backend-docbook[] endif::doctype-manpage[] ifdef::backend-xhtml11[] +[attributes] +git-relative-html-prefix= [linkgit-inlinemacro] -<a href="{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a> +<a href="{git-relative-html-prefix}{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a> endif::backend-xhtml11[] diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 0e1168c066..a95e5a4ac9 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -86,6 +86,19 @@ customary UNIX fashion. Some variables may require a special value format. +Includes +~~~~~~~~ + +You can include one config file from another by setting the special +`include.path` variable to the name of the file to be included. The +included file is expanded immediately, as if its contents had been +found at the location of the include directive. If the value of the +`include.path` variable is a relative path, the path is considered to be +relative to the configuration file in which the include directive was +found. The value of `include.path` is subject to tilde expansion: `~/` +is expanded to the value of `$HOME`, and `~user/` to the specified +user's home directory. See below for examples. + Example ~~~~~~~ @@ -108,6 +121,11 @@ Example gitProxy="ssh" for "kernel.org" gitProxy=default-proxy ; for the rest + [include] + path = /path/to/foo.inc ; include by absolute path + path = foo ; expand "foo" relative to the current file + path = ~/foo ; expand "foo" in your $HOME directory + Variables ~~~~~~~~~ @@ -123,12 +141,28 @@ advice.*:: + -- pushNonFastForward:: - Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] refuses - non-fast-forward refs. + Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable + 'pushNonFFCurrent', 'pushNonFFDefault', and + 'pushNonFFMatching' simultaneously. + pushNonFFCurrent:: + Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a + non-fast-forward update to the current branch. + pushNonFFDefault:: + Advice to set 'push.default' to 'upstream' or 'current' + when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed 'matching + refs' by default (i.e. you did not provide an explicit + refspec, and no 'push.default' configuration was set) + and it resulted in a non-fast-forward error. + pushNonFFMatching:: + Advice shown when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed + 'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or + specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and + it resulted in a non-fast-forward error. statusHints:: - Directions on how to stage/unstage/add shown in the - output of linkgit:git-status[1] and the template shown - when writing commit messages. + Show directions on how to proceed from the current + state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1] and in + the template shown when writing commit messages in + linkgit:git-commit[1]. commitBeforeMerge:: Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to merge to avoid overwriting local changes. @@ -143,6 +177,9 @@ advice.*:: Advice shown when you used linkgit:git-checkout[1] to move to the detach HEAD state, to instruct how to create a local branch after the fact. + amWorkDir:: + Advice that shows the location of the patch file when + linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it. -- core.fileMode:: @@ -177,6 +214,15 @@ The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository is created. +core.precomposeunicode:: + This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of git. + When core.precomposeunicode=true, git reverts the unicode decomposition + of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository + between Mac OS and Linux or Windows. + (Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or git under cygwin 1.7). + When false, file names are handled fully transparent by git, + which is backward compatible with older versions of git. + core.trustctime:: If false, the ctime differences between the index and the working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time @@ -448,9 +494,11 @@ Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported. core.excludesfile:: In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and '.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns - of files which are not meant to be tracked. "{tilde}/" is expanded - to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the specified user's - home directory. See linkgit:gitignore[5]. + of files which are not meant to be tracked. "`~/`" is expanded + to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's + home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. + If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore + is used instead. See linkgit:gitignore[5]. core.askpass:: Some commands (e.g. svn and http interfaces) that interactively @@ -465,7 +513,9 @@ core.attributesfile:: In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and '.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same - way as for `core.excludesfile`. + way as for `core.excludesfile`. Its default value is + $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not + set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead. core.editor:: Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit @@ -823,6 +873,44 @@ color.ui:: `never` if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option. +column.ui:: + Specify whether supported commands should output in columns. + This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces + or commas: ++ +-- +`always`;; + always show in columns +`never`;; + never show in columns +`auto`;; + show in columns if the output is to the terminal +`column`;; + fill columns before rows (default) +`row`;; + fill rows before columns +`plain`;; + show in one column +`dense`;; + make unequal size columns to utilize more space +`nodense`;; + make equal size columns +-- ++ +This option defaults to 'never'. + +column.branch:: + Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns. + See `column.ui` for details. + +column.status:: + Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns. + See `column.ui` for details. + +column.tag:: + Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns. + See `column.ui` for details. + commit.status:: A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit @@ -830,7 +918,7 @@ commit.status:: commit.template:: Specify a file to use as the template for new commit messages. - "{tilde}/" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the + "`~/`" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's home directory. credential.helper:: @@ -955,7 +1043,7 @@ format.thread:: a boolean value, or `shallow` or `deep`. `shallow` threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the - `\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order. + `--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order. `deep` threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one. A true boolean value is the same as `shallow`, and a false value disables threading. @@ -1386,7 +1474,7 @@ instaweb.port:: interactive.singlekey:: In interactive commands, allow the user to provide one-letter input with a single key (i.e., without hitting enter). - Currently this is used by the `\--patch` mode of + Currently this is used by the `--patch` mode of linkgit:git-add[1], linkgit:git-checkout[1], linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-reset[1], and linkgit:git-stash[1]. Note that this setting is silently ignored if portable keystroke input @@ -1394,13 +1482,13 @@ interactive.singlekey:: log.abbrevCommit:: If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and - linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `\--abbrev-commit`. You may - override this option with `\--no-abbrev-commit`. + linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--abbrev-commit`. You may + override this option with `--no-abbrev-commit`. log.date:: Set the default date-time mode for the 'log' command. Setting a value for log.date is similar to using 'git log''s - `\--date` option. Possible values are `relative`, `local`, + `--date` option. Possible values are `relative`, `local`, `default`, `iso`, `rfc`, and `short`; see linkgit:git-log[1] for details. @@ -1590,18 +1678,18 @@ pack.indexVersion:: and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is larger than 2 GB. + -If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `{asterisk}.idx` file, +If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file, cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync") -that will copy both `{asterisk}.pack` file and corresponding `{asterisk}.idx` file from the +that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your -older version of git. If the `{asterisk}.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however, +older version of git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however, you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate -the `{asterisk}.idx` file. +the `*.idx` file. pack.packSizeLimit:: The maximum size of a pack. This setting only affects packing to a file when repacking, i.e. the git:// protocol - is unaffected. It can be overridden by the `\--max-pack-size` + is unaffected. It can be overridden by the `--max-pack-size` option of linkgit:git-repack[1]. The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB. The default is unlimited. Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are @@ -1611,8 +1699,8 @@ pager.<cmd>:: If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty. Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the - pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`. If `\--paginate` - or `\--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes + pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`. If `--paginate` + or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes precedence over this option. To disable pagination for all commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`. @@ -1620,9 +1708,9 @@ pretty.<name>:: Alias for a --pretty= format string, as specified in linkgit:git-log[1]. Any aliases defined here can be used just as the built-in pretty formats could. For example, - running `git config pretty.changelog "format:{asterisk} %H %s"` + running `git config pretty.changelog "format:* %H %s"` would cause the invocation `git log --pretty=changelog` - to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:{asterisk} %H %s"`. + to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:* %H %s"`. Note that an alias with the same name as a built-in format will be silently ignored. @@ -1649,13 +1737,33 @@ push.default:: no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command line. Possible values are: + +-- * `nothing` - do not push anything. -* `matching` - push all matching branches. - All branches having the same name in both ends are considered to be - matching. This is the default. +* `matching` - push all branches having the same name in both ends. + This is for those who prepare all the branches into a publishable + shape and then push them out with a single command. It is not + appropriate for pushing into a repository shared by multiple users, + since locally stalled branches will attempt a non-fast forward push + if other users updated the branch. + + + This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default + to `simple`. * `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch. -* `tracking` - deprecated synonym for `upstream`. + With this, `git push` will update the same remote ref as the one which + is merged by `git pull`, making `push` and `pull` symmetrical. + See "branch.<name>.merge" for how to configure the upstream branch. +* `simple` - like `upstream`, but refuses to push if the upstream + branch's name is different from the local one. This is the safest + option and is well-suited for beginners. It will become the default + in Git 2.0. * `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name. +-- ++ +The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to +push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other +branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with +other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want +to use one of these. rebase.stat:: Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last @@ -1735,7 +1843,7 @@ remote.<name>.push:: remote.<name>.mirror:: If true, pushing to this remote will automatically behave - as if the `\--mirror` option was given on the command line. + as if the `--mirror` option was given on the command line. remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate:: If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt index 1aed79e7dc..67a90a828c 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt @@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files, and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories: `files,10,cumulative`. +diff.statGraphWidth:: + Limit the width of the graph part in --stat output. If set, applies + to all commands generating --stat output except format-patch. + diff.external:: If this config variable is set, diff generation is not performed using the internal diff machinery, but using the diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt index c57460c03d..55f499a160 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ In the above example output, the function signature was changed from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear in either file1 nor file2). Also eight other lines are the same -from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `{plus}`). +from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `+`). When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index ba7cd13483..cf4b216598 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -56,19 +56,25 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm. --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]:: - Generate a diffstat. You can override the default - output width for 80-column terminal by `--stat=<width>`. - The width of the filename part can be controlled by - giving another width to it separated by a comma. + Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary + will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph + part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns + if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by + `<width>`. The width of the filename part can be limited by + giving another width `<name-width>` after a comma. The width + of the graph part can be limited by using + `--stat-graph-width=<width>` (affects all commands generating + a stat graph) or by setting `diff.statGraphWidth=<width>` + (does not affect `git format-patch`). By giving a third parameter `<count>`, you can limit the - output to the first `<count>` lines, followed by - `...` if there are more. + output to the first `<count>` lines, followed by `...` if + there are more. + These parameters can also be set individually with `--stat-width=<width>`, `--stat-name-width=<name-width>` and `--stat-count=<count>`. --numstat:: - Similar to `\--stat`, but shows number of added and + Similar to `--stat`, but shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying @@ -159,11 +165,12 @@ any of those replacements occurred. of the `--diff-filter` option on what the status letters mean. --submodule[=<format>]:: - Chose the output format for submodule differences. <format> can be one of - 'short' and 'log'. 'short' just shows pairs of commit names, this format - is used when this option is not given. 'log' is the default value for this - option and lists the commits in that commit range like the 'summary' - option of linkgit:git-submodule[1] does. + Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When `--submodule` + or `--submodule=log` is given, the 'log' format is used. This format lists + the commits in the range like linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does. + Omitting the `--submodule` option or specifying `--submodule=short`, + uses the 'short' format. This format just shows the names of the commits + at the beginning and end of the range. --color[=<when>]:: Show colored diff. diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt index ae413e52a5..048337b40f 100644 --- a/Documentation/everyday.txt +++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt @@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ you originally wrote. <9> switch to the master branch. <10> merge a topic branch into your master branch. <11> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be -combined and include `\--max-count=10` (show 10 commits), -`\--until=2005-12-10`, etc. +combined and include `--max-count=10` (show 10 commits), +`--until=2005-12-10`, etc. <12> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/` directory, since `v2.43` tag. diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt index 887466d777..19d57a80f5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-am.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date] [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace] [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>] - [--exclude=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet] + [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet] [--scissors | --no-scissors] [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...] 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort) @@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ OPTIONS --keep:: Pass `-k` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]). +--keep-non-patch:: + Pass `-b` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]). + --keep-cr:: --no-keep-cr:: With `--keep-cr`, call 'git mailsplit' (see linkgit:git-mailsplit[1]) @@ -89,6 +92,7 @@ default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this. -p<n>:: --directory=<dir>:: --exclude=<path>:: +--include=<path>:: --reject:: These flags are passed to the 'git apply' (see linkgit:git-apply[1]) program that applies diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt index afd2c9ae59..634b84e4b9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] +'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] [--3way] [--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor=<file>] [-R | --reverse] [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z] [-p<n>] [-C<n>] [--inaccurate-eof] [--recount] [--cached] @@ -72,6 +72,15 @@ OPTIONS cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index without using the working tree. This implies `--index`. +-3:: +--3way:: + When the patch does not apply cleanly, fall back on 3-way merge if + the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to, + and we have those blobs available locally, possibly leaving the + conflict markers in the files in the working tree for the user to + resolve. This option implies the `--index` option, and is incompatible + with the `--reject` and the `--cached` options. + --build-fake-ancestor=<file>:: Newer 'git diff' output has embedded 'index information' for each blob to help identify the original version that diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt index ac7006e640..59d73e532f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ EXAMPLES Same as above, but the format is inferred from the output file. -`git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`:: +`git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0^{tree} | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`:: Create a compressed tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a global extended pax header. diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt index 9516914236..7ee923629e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ introduced the file with: git log --diff-filter=A --pretty=short -- foo and then annotate the change between the commit and its -parents, using `commit{caret}!` notation: +parents, using `commit^!` notation: git blame -C -C -f $commit^! -- foo diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index 0427e80a35..47235bea04 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [-r | -a] [--list] [-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]] + [--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [<pattern>...] 'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>] 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch> @@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ be highlighted with an asterisk. Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both. This list mode is also activated by the `--list` option (see below). <pattern> restricts the output to matching branches, the pattern is a shell -wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3)) -Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the tag is shown. +wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3)). +Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the branch is shown. With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the @@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and changed later using `git branch --set-upstream`. -With a '-m' or '-M' option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>. +With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>. If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match <newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename @@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted. You may specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted. -Use -r together with -d to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it +Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a @@ -107,6 +108,14 @@ OPTIONS default to color output. Same as `--color=never`. +--column[=<options>]:: +--no-column:: + Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable + column.branch for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column` + without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively. ++ +This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode. + -r:: --remotes:: List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches. @@ -126,6 +135,11 @@ OPTIONS relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print the name of the upstream branch, as well. +-q:: +--quiet:: + Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing + non-error messages. + --abbrev=<length>:: Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing. The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the `core.abbrev` @@ -154,17 +168,18 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch. branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true. --set-upstream:: - If specified branch does not exist yet or if '--force' has been - given, acts exactly like '--track'. Otherwise sets up configuration - like '--track' would when creating the branch, except that where + If specified branch does not exist yet or if `--force` has been + given, acts exactly like `--track`. Otherwise sets up configuration + like `--track` would when creating the branch, except that where branch points to is not changed. --edit-description:: Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `request-pull`). ---contains <commit>:: - Only list branches which contain the specified commit. +--contains [<commit>]:: + Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD + if not specified). --merged [<commit>]:: Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 92b01ec25d..16a6b0aceb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ unbundle <file>:: A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and 'git rev-list' (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES below), that specifies the specific objects and references - to transport. For example, `master{tilde}10..master` causes the + to transport. For example, `master~10..master` causes the current master reference to be packaged along with all objects added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit limit to the number of references and objects that may be @@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ SPECIFYING REFERENCES 'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by 'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References -such as `master{tilde}1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for +such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be -specified explicitly (e.g. `^master{tilde}10`), or implicitly (e.g. -`master{tilde}10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). +specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g. +`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt index 103e7b128d..98009d1bd5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt @@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ git imposes the following rules on how references are named: . They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`, - caret `{caret}`, or colon `:` anywhere. + caret `^`, or colon `:` anywhere. -. They cannot have question-mark `?`, asterisk `{asterisk}`, or open +. They cannot have question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, or open bracket `[` anywhere. See the `--refspec-pattern` option below for an exception to this rule. @@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ unquoted (by mistake), and also avoids ambiguities in certain reference name expressions (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]): . A double-dot `..` is often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some - contexts this notation means `{caret}ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in + contexts this notation means `^ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in `ref1` and in `ref2`). -. A tilde `~` and caret `{caret}` are used to introduce the postfix +. A tilde `~` and caret `^` are used to introduce the postfix 'nth parent' and 'peel onion' operation. . A colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s @@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ OPTIONS --refspec-pattern:: Interpret <refname> as a reference name pattern for a refspec (as used with remote repositories). If this option is - enabled, <refname> is allowed to contain a single `{asterisk}` + enabled, <refname> is allowed to contain a single `*` in place of a one full pathname component (e.g., - `foo/{asterisk}/bar` but not `foo/bar{asterisk}`). + `foo/*/bar` but not `foo/bar*`). --normalize:: Normalize 'refname' by removing any leading slash (`/`) diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index c0a96e6c1e..63a251612a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ the conflicted merge in the specified paths. + This means that you can use `git checkout -p` to selectively discard edits from your current working tree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' -section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode. +section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. <branch>:: Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that, @@ -193,11 +193,11 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode. commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on any branch (see below for details). + -As a special case, the `"@\{-N\}"` syntax for the N-th last branch +As a special case, the `"@{-N}"` syntax for the N-th last branch checks out the branch (instead of detaching). You may also specify -`-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`. +`-` which is synonymous with `"@{-1}"`. + -As a further special case, you may use `"A\...B"` as a shortcut for the +As a further special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You can leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to `HEAD`. diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt index fed5097e00..0e170a51ca 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt @@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ OPTIONS linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. Sets of commits can be passed but no traversal is done by default, as if the '--no-walk' option was specified, see - linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. + linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. Note that specifying a range will + feed all <commit>... arguments to a single revision walk + (see a later example that uses 'maint master..next'). -e:: --edit:: @@ -103,6 +105,25 @@ effect to your index in a row. cherry-pick'ed commit, then a fast forward to this commit will be performed. +--allow-empty:: + By default, cherry-picking an empty commit will fail, + indicating that an explicit invocation of `git commit + --allow-empty` is required. This option overrides that + behavior, allowing empty commits to be preserved automatically + in a cherry-pick. Note that when "--ff" is in effect, empty + commits that meet the "fast-forward" requirement will be kept + even without this option. Note also, that use of this option only + keeps commits that were initially empty (i.e. the commit recorded the + same tree as its parent). Commits which are made empty due to a + previous commit are dropped. To force the inclusion of those commits + use `--keep-redundant-commits`. + +--keep-redundant-commits:: + If a commit being cherry picked duplicates a commit already in the + current history, it will become empty. By default these + redundant commits are ignored. This option overrides that behavior and + creates an empty commit object. Implies `--allow-empty`. + --strategy=<strategy>:: Use the given merge strategy. Should only be used once. See the MERGE STRATEGIES section in linkgit:git-merge[1] @@ -130,7 +151,16 @@ EXAMPLES Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are ancestors of master but not of HEAD to produce new commits. -`git cherry-pick master{tilde}4 master{tilde}2`:: +`git cherry-pick maint next ^master`:: +`git cherry-pick maint master..next`:: + + Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are + ancestors of maint or next, but not master or any of its + ancestors. Note that the latter does not mean `maint` and + everything between `master` and `next`; specifically, + `maint` will not be used if it is included in `master`. + +`git cherry-pick master~4 master~2`:: Apply the changes introduced by the fifth and third last commits pointed to by master and create 2 new commits with @@ -151,7 +181,7 @@ EXAMPLES are in next but not HEAD to the current branch, creating a new commit for each new change. -`git rev-list --reverse master \-- README | git cherry-pick -n --stdin`:: +`git rev-list --reverse master -- README | git cherry-pick -n --stdin`:: Apply the changes introduced by all commits on the master branch that touched README to the working tree and index, diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 4b8b26b75e..c1ddd4c2cc 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ SYNOPSIS [-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror] [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>] - [--depth <depth>] [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository> + [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] + [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository> [<directory>] DESCRIPTION @@ -45,13 +46,18 @@ OPTIONS mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories. The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked - to save space when possible. This is now the default when - the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo` - syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option. To force - copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable - if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository), - but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport - mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used. + to save space when possible. ++ +If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., `/path/to/repo`), +this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op. If the +repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we +never use the local optimizations). Specifying `--no-local` will +override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular +git transport instead. ++ +To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you +are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the +usual "git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used. --no-hardlinks:: Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a @@ -146,8 +152,9 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. -b <name>:: Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch - instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will - be checked out. + instead. `--branch` can also take tags and treat them like + detached HEAD. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch + that will be checked out. --upload-pack <upload-pack>:: -u <upload-pack>:: @@ -179,6 +186,14 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. with a long history, and would want to send in fixes as patches. +--single-branch:: + Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch, + either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary + branch remote's `HEAD` points at. When creating a shallow + clone with the `--depth` option, this is the default, unless + `--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the + tips of all branches. + --recursive:: --recurse-submodules:: After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within, diff --git a/Documentation/git-column.txt b/Documentation/git-column.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d6f1cc464 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-column.txt @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +git-column(1) +============= + +NAME +---- +git-column - Display data in columns + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git column' [--command=<name>] [--[raw-]mode=<mode>] [--width=<width>] + [--indent=<string>] [--nl=<string>] [--padding=<n>] + +DESCRIPTION +----------- +This command formats its input into multiple columns. + +OPTIONS +------- +--command=<name>:: + Look up layout mode using configuration variable column.<name> and + column.ui. + +--mode=<mode>:: + Specify layout mode. See configuration variable column.ui for option + syntax. + +--raw-mode=<n>:: + Same as --mode but take mode encoded as a number. This is mainly used + by other commands that have already parsed layout mode. + +--width=<width>:: + Specify the terminal width. By default 'git column' will detect the + terminal width, or fall back to 80 if it is unable to do so. + +--indent=<string>:: + String to be printed at the beginning of each line. + +--nl=<N>:: + String to be printed at the end of each line, + including newline character. + +--padding=<N>:: + The number of spaces between columns. One space by default. + + +Author +------ +Written by Nguyen Thai Ngoc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com> + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt index cfb9906bb5..6d5a04c83b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ OPTIONS Each '-p' indicates the id of a parent commit object. -m <message>:: - A paragraph in the commig log message. This can be given more than + A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph. -F <file>:: @@ -88,15 +88,6 @@ for one to be entered and terminated with ^D. include::date-formats.txt[] -Diagnostics ------------ -You don't exist. Go away!:: - The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read -Your parents must have hated you!:: - The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer. -Your sysadmin must hate you!:: - The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer. - Discussion ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt index 5cc84a1391..4622297ec9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways: 5. by using the --interactive or --patch switches with the 'commit' command to decide one by one which files or hunks should be part of the commit, - before finalizing the operation. See the ``Interactive Mode`` section of + before finalizing the operation. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate these modes. The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a @@ -101,12 +101,16 @@ OPTIONS When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`. +--branch:: + Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format. + --porcelain:: When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`. -z:: +--null:: When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format. @@ -132,11 +136,14 @@ OPTIONS -t <file>:: --template=<file>:: - Use the contents of the given file as the initial version - of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can - make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using - the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This - overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable. + When editing the commit message, start the editor with the + contents in the given file. The `commit.template` configuration + variable is often used to give this option implicitly to the + command. This mechanism can be used by projects that want to + guide participants with some hints on what to write in the message + in what order. If the user exits the editor without editing the + message, the commit is aborted. This has no effect when a message + is given by other means, e.g. with the `-m` or `-F` options. -s:: --signoff:: @@ -186,6 +193,10 @@ OPTIONS current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is discarded. + +--no-post-rewrite:: + Bypass the post-rewrite hook. + + -- It is a rough equivalent for: @@ -284,7 +295,7 @@ When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area called the "index" with 'git add'. A file can be reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree, -to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD \-- <file>`, +to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`, which effectively reverts 'git add' and prevents the changes to this file from participating in the next commit. After building the state to be committed incrementally with these commands, @@ -396,6 +407,15 @@ This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and `post-commit` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5] for more information. +FILES +----- + +`$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG`:: + This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress. + If `git commit` exits due to an error before creating a commit, + any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in + an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be + overwritten by the next invocation of `git commit`. SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index 7617d9eb24..2d6ef32a08 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -44,11 +44,15 @@ a "true" or "false" string for bool), or '--path', which does some path expansion (see '--path' below). If no type specifier is passed, no checks or transformations are performed on the value. -The file-option can be one of '--system', '--global' or '--file' -which specify where the values will be read from or written to. -The default is to assume the config file of the current repository, -.git/config unless defined otherwise with GIT_DIR and GIT_CONFIG -(see <<FILES>>). +When reading, the values are read from the system, global and +repository local configuration files by default, and options +'--system', '--global', '--local' and '--file <filename>' can be +used to tell the command to read from only that location (see <<FILES>>). + +When writing, the new value is written to the repository local +configuration file by default, and options '--system', '--global', +'--file <filename>' can be used to tell the command to write to +that location (you can say '--local' but that is the default). This command will fail (with exit code ret) if: @@ -93,10 +97,11 @@ OPTIONS --global:: For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than - the repository .git/config. + the repository .git/config, write to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config file + if this file exists and the ~/.gitconfig file doesn't. + -For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig rather than -from all available files. +For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig and from +$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config rather than from all available files. + See also <<FILES>>. @@ -181,22 +186,33 @@ See also <<FILES>>. Opens an editor to modify the specified config file; either '--system', '--global', or repository (default). +--includes:: +--no-includes:: + Respect `include.*` directives in config files when looking up + values. Defaults to on. + [[FILES]] FILES ----- -If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where +If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where 'git config' will search for configuration options: $GIT_DIR/config:: - Repository specific configuration file. (The filename is - of course relative to the repository root, not the working - directory.) + Repository specific configuration file. ~/.gitconfig:: User-specific configuration file. Also called "global" configuration file. +$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config:: + Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set + or empty, $HOME/.config/git/config will be used. Any single-valued + variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in + ~/.gitconfig. It is a good idea not to create this file if + you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this + file was added fairly recently. + $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig:: System-wide configuration file. diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53adee3203 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +git-credential(1) +================= + +NAME +---- +git-credential - retrieve and store user credentials + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +------------------ +git credential <fill|approve|reject> +------------------ + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials +from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for +usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this +interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for +credentials in the same manner as git. The design of this scriptable +interface models the internal C API; see +link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the git credential API] for more +background on the concepts. + +git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of +`fill`, `approve`, or `reject`) and reads a credential description +on stdin (see <<IOFMT,INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT>>). + +If the action is `fill`, git-credential will attempt to add "username" +and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files, +by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the +user. The username and password attributes of the credential +description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes +already provided. + +If the action is `approve`, git-credential will send the description +to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential +for later use. + +If the action is `reject`, git-credential will send the description to +any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored +credential matching the description. + +If the action is `approve` or `reject`, no output should be emitted. + +TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL +----------------------------- + +An application using git-credential will typically use `git +credential` following these steps: + + 1. Generate a credential description based on the context. ++ +For example, if we want a password for +`https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following +credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it +tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the +infomation it has): + + protocol=https + host=example.com + path=foo.git + + 2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this + description. This is done by running `git credential fill`, + feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete + credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the + login and password) will be produced on standard output, like: + + protocol=https + host=example.com + username=bob + password=secr3t ++ +In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be +repeated in the output, but git may also modify the credential +description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the +protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false. ++ +If the `git credential` knew about the password, this step may +not have involved the user actually typing this password (the +user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead, +or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already +unlocked) before it returned `password=secr3t`. + + 3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and + password from step (2)), and see if it's accepted. + + 4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the + credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then + it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell `git + credential` to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential + was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so + that `git credential` will ask for a new password in its next + invocation. In either case, `git credential` should be fed with + the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also + contain the ones provided in step (1)). + +[[IOFMT]] +INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT +------------------- + +`git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used) +credential information in its standard input/output. This information +can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain +the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the +actual credential data to be obtained (login/password). + +The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one +attribute per line. Each attribute is +specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign, +followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`, +newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL. +In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting, +and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of +attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file. +Git understands the following attributes: + +`protocol`:: + + The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g., + `https`). + +`host`:: + + The remote hostname for a network credential. + +`path`:: + + The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for + accessing a remote https repository, this will be the + repository's path on the server. + +`username`:: + + The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a + URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper). + +`password`:: + + The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored. + +`url`:: + + When this special attribute is read by `git credential`, the + value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts + were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if + `protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This + can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves. Note that any + components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no + username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you want + to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL + attribute first, followed by any overrides. diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt index 827bc988ed..88d814af0e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt @@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ Configuring database backend 'git-cvsserver' uses the Perl DBI module. Please also read its documentation if changing these variables, especially -about `DBI\->connect()`. +about `DBI->connect()`. gitcvs.dbname:: Database name. The exact meaning depends on the diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt index 31b28fc29f..e8f757704c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ receive-pack:: can push anything into the repository, including removal of refs). This is solely meant for a closed LAN setting where everybody is friendly. This service can be - enabled by `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to + enabled by setting `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to `true`. EXAMPLES diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt index 19d473c070..31fc2e3aed 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt @@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ linkgit:git-diff[1]. OPTIONS ------- +-d:: +--dir-diff:: + Copy the modified files to a temporary location and perform + a directory diff on them. This mode never prompts before + launching the diff tool. + -y:: --no-prompt:: Do not prompt before launching a diff tool. @@ -30,10 +36,9 @@ OPTIONS -t <tool>:: --tool=<tool>:: - Use the diff tool specified by <tool>. - Valid diff tools are: - araxis, bc3, diffuse, emerge, ecmerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3, - kompare, meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, vimdiff and xxdiff. + Use the diff tool specified by <tool>. Valid values include + emerge, kompare, meld, and vimdiff. Run `git difftool --tool-help` + for the list of valid <tool> settings. + If a diff tool is not specified, 'git difftool' will use the configuration variable `diff.tool`. If the @@ -61,6 +66,9 @@ of the diff post-image. `$MERGED` is the name of the file which is being compared. `$BASE` is provided for compatibility with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$MERGED`. +--tool-help:: + Print a list of diff tools that may be used with `--tool`. + -x <command>:: --extcmd=<command>:: Specify a custom command for viewing diffs. diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt index f37eada63a..d6487e1ce0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt @@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ marks the same across runs. [<git-rev-list-args>...]:: A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and 'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references - to export. For example, `master{tilde}10..master` causes the + to export. For example, `master~10..master` causes the current master reference to be exported along with all objects added since its 10th ancestor commit. diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt index ec6ef31197..2620d28b4b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt @@ -98,9 +98,10 @@ OPTIONS options. --cat-blob-fd=<fd>:: - Specify the file descriptor that will be written to - when the `cat-blob` command is encountered in the stream. - The default behaviour is to write to `stdout`. + Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the + file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`. Allows `progress` + output intended for the end-user to be separated from other + output. --done:: Require a `done` command at the end of the stream. @@ -478,9 +479,9 @@ current branch value should be written as: ---- from refs/heads/branch^0 ---- -The `{caret}0` suffix is necessary as fast-import does not permit a branch to +The `^0` suffix is necessary as fast-import does not permit a branch to start from itself, and the branch is created in memory before the -`from` command is even read from the input. Adding `{caret}0` will force +`from` command is even read from the input. Adding `^0` will force fast-import to resolve the commit through Git's revision parsing library, rather than its internal branch table, thereby loading in the existing value of the branch. @@ -942,6 +943,9 @@ This command can be used anywhere in the stream that comments are accepted. In particular, the `cat-blob` command can be used in the middle of a commit but not in the middle of a `data` command. +See ``Responses To Commands'' below for details about how to read +this output safely. + `ls` ~~~~ Prints information about the object at a path to a file descriptor @@ -975,7 +979,7 @@ Reading from a named tree:: See `filemodify` above for a detailed description of `<path>`. -Output uses the same format as `git ls-tree <tree> {litdd} <path>`: +Output uses the same format as `git ls-tree <tree> -- <path>`: ==== <mode> SP ('blob' | 'tree' | 'commit') SP <dataref> HT <path> LF @@ -991,6 +995,9 @@ instead report missing SP <path> LF ==== +See ``Responses To Commands'' below for details about how to read +this output safely. + `feature` ~~~~~~~~~ Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or abort if @@ -1079,6 +1086,35 @@ If the `--done` command line option or `feature done` command is in use, the `done` command is mandatory and marks the end of the stream. +Responses To Commands +--------------------- +New objects written by fast-import are not available immediately. +Most fast-import commands have no visible effect until the next +checkpoint (or completion). The frontend can send commands to +fill fast-import's input pipe without worrying about how quickly +they will take effect, which improves performance by simplifying +scheduling. + +For some frontends, though, it is useful to be able to read back +data from the current repository as it is being updated (for +example when the source material describes objects in terms of +patches to be applied to previously imported objects). This can +be accomplished by connecting the frontend and fast-import via +bidirectional pipes: + +==== + mkfifo fast-import-output + frontend <fast-import-output | + git fast-import >fast-import-output +==== + +A frontend set up this way can use `progress`, `ls`, and `cat-blob` +commands to read information from the import in progress. + +To avoid deadlock, such frontends must completely consume any +pending output from `progress`, `ls`, and `cat-blob` before +performing writes to fast-import that might block. + Crash Reports ------------- If fast-import is supplied invalid input it will terminate with a diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt index ed1bdaacd1..474fa307a0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt @@ -32,6 +32,16 @@ OPTIONS --all:: Fetch all remote refs. +--stdin:: + Take the list of refs from stdin, one per line. If there + are refs specified on the command line in addition to this + option, then the refs from stdin are processed after those + on the command line. ++ +If '--stateless-rpc' is specified together with this option then +the list of refs must be in packet format (pkt-line). Each ref must +be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet. + -q:: --quiet:: Pass '-q' flag to 'git unpack-objects'; this makes the diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt index 0f2f117383..81f58234a7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt @@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ OPTIONS --index-filter <command>:: This is the filter for rewriting the index. It is similar to the tree filter but does not check out the tree, which makes it much - faster. Frequently used with `git rm \--cached - \--ignore-unmatch ...`, see EXAMPLES below. For hairy + faster. Frequently used with `git rm --cached + --ignore-unmatch ...`, see EXAMPLES below. For hairy cases, see linkgit:git-update-index[1]. --parent-filter <command>:: @@ -222,11 +222,11 @@ However, if the file is absent from the tree of some commit, a simple `rm filename` will fail for that tree and commit. Thus you may instead want to use `rm -f filename` as the script. -Using `\--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster +Using `--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster version. Like with using `rm filename`, `git rm --cached filename` will fail if the file is absent from the tree of a commit. If you want to "completely forget" a file, it does not matter when it entered -history, so we also add `\--ignore-unmatch`: +history, so we also add `--ignore-unmatch`: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- git filter-branch --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch filename' HEAD @@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter foodir -- --all ------------------------------------------------------- Thus you can, e.g., turn a library subdirectory into a repository of -its own. Note the `\--` that separates 'filter-branch' options from -revision options, and the `\--all` to rewrite all branches and tags. +its own. Note the `--` that separates 'filter-branch' options from +revision options, and the `--all` to rewrite all branches and tags. To set a commit (which typically is at the tip of another history) to be the parent of the current initial commit, in @@ -371,23 +371,23 @@ Checklist for Shrinking a Repository ------------------------------------ git-filter-branch is often used to get rid of a subset of files, -usually with some combination of `\--index-filter` and -`\--subdirectory-filter`. People expect the resulting repository to +usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and +`--subdirectory-filter`. People expect the resulting repository to be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your objects until you tell it to. First make sure that: * You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved - over its lifetime. `git log \--name-only \--follow \--all \-- - filename` can help you find renames. + over its lifetime. `git log --name-only --follow --all -- filename` + can help you find renames. -* You really filtered all refs: use `\--tag-name-filter cat \-- - \--all` when calling git-filter-branch. +* You really filtered all refs: use `--tag-name-filter cat -- --all` + when calling git-filter-branch. Then there are two ways to get a smaller repository. A safer way is to clone, that keeps your original intact. -* Clone it with `git clone +++file:///path/to/repo+++`. The clone +* Clone it with `git clone file:///path/to/repo`. The clone will not have the removed objects. See linkgit:git-clone[1]. (Note that cloning with a plain path just hardlinks everything!) @@ -397,14 +397,14 @@ approach, so *make a backup* or go back to cloning it. You have been warned. * Remove the original refs backed up by git-filter-branch: say `git - for-each-ref \--format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git + for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git update-ref -d`. -* Expire all reflogs with `git reflog expire \--expire=now \--all`. +* Expire all reflogs with `git reflog expire --expire=now --all`. -* Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with `git gc \--prune=now` +* Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with `git gc --prune=now` (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to - `\--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead). + `--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead). GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt index 6ea9be775c..04c7346e3e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on. The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>. To apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of history up until <commit>, use the '\--root' option: `git format-patch -\--root <commit>`. If you want to format only <commit> itself, you +--root <commit>`. If you want to format only <commit> itself, you can do this with `git format-patch -1 <commit>`. By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the @@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[] The optional <style> argument can be either `shallow` or `deep`. 'shallow' threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the -`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order. 'deep' +`--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order. 'deep' threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one. + The default is `--no-thread`, unless the 'format.thread' configuration diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt index 6c47395ad2..bbb25da2dd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git fsck' [--tags] [--root] [--unreachable] [--cache] [--no-reflogs] [--[no-]full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found] - [--[no-]progress] [<object>*] + [--[no-]dangling] [--[no-]progress] [<object>*] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless Print out objects that exist but that aren't reachable from any of the reference nodes. +--dangling:: +--no-dangling:: + Print objects that exist but that are never 'directly' used (default). + `--no-dangling` can be used to omit this information from the output. + --root:: Report root nodes. diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt index 815afcb922..b370b025b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ The optional configuration variable 'gc.reflogExpireUnreachable' can be set to indicate how long historical reflog entries which are not part of the current branch should remain available in this repository. These types of entries are generally created as -a result of using `git commit \--amend` or `git rebase` and are the +a result of using `git commit --amend` or `git rebase` and are the commits prior to the amend or rebase occurring. Since these changes are not part of the current project most users will want to expire them sooner. This option defaults to '30 days'. diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt index 343eadd407..3bec036883 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt @@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- Look for specified patterns in the tracked files in the work tree, blobs -registered in the index file, or blobs in given tree objects. +registered in the index file, or blobs in given tree objects. Patterns +are lists of one or more search expressions separated by newline +characters. An empty string as search expression matches all lines. CONFIGURATION @@ -247,11 +249,11 @@ OPTIONS Examples -------- -`git grep {apostrophe}time_t{apostrophe} \-- {apostrophe}*.[ch]{apostrophe}`:: +`git grep 'time_t' -- '*.[ch]'`:: Looks for `time_t` in all tracked .c and .h files in the working directory and its subdirectories. -`git grep -e {apostrophe}#define{apostrophe} --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)`:: +`git grep -e '#define' --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)`:: Looks for a line that has `#define` and either `MAX_PATH` or `PATH_MAX`. diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt index 909687fed4..39e6d0ddd8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt @@ -74,6 +74,16 @@ OPTIONS --strict:: Die, if the pack contains broken objects or links. +--threads=<n>:: + Specifies the number of threads to spawn when resolving + deltas. This requires that index-pack be compiled with + pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning. + This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor + machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search + window is however multiplied by the number of threads. + Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's + and use maximum 3 threads. + Note ---- diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt index 249fc878ec..1f906208f9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-log.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Examples Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories -`git log --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk`:: +`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`:: Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'. The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index e2e6aba17e..20f9228511 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-merge - Join two or more development histories together SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] +'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit] [-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [<commit>...] 'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>... @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ final result verbatim. When both sides made changes to the same area, however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area. -By default, git uses the same style as that is used by "merge" program +By default, git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this: ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt index 2a49de7cfe..d7207bd9b9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt @@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ OPTIONS -t <tool>:: --tool=<tool>:: Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>. - Valid merge tools are: - araxis, bc3, diffuse, ecmerge, emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3, - meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, tortoisemerge, vimdiff and xxdiff. + Valid values include emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3, + meld, vimdiff, and tortoisemerge. Run `git mergetool --tool-help` + for the list of valid <tool> settings. + If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git mergetool' will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`. If the diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt index e8319eac69..b95aafae2d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ copy:: second object). This subcommand is equivalent to: `git notes add [-f] -C $(git notes list <from-object>) <to-object>` + -In `\--stdin` mode, take lines in the format +In `--stdin` mode, take lines in the format + ---------- <from-object> SP <to-object> [ SP <rest> ] LF diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt index ed827902fc..8228f33e3f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt @@ -31,13 +31,6 @@ the updated p4 remote branch. EXAMPLE ------- -* Create an alias for 'git p4', using the full path to the 'git-p4' - script if needed: -+ ------------- -$ git config --global alias.p4 '!git-p4' ------------- - * Clone a repository: + ------------ @@ -165,11 +158,14 @@ OPTIONS General options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -All commands except clone accept this option. +All commands except clone accept these options. --git-dir <dir>:: Set the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable. See linkgit:git[1]. +--verbose:: + Provide more progress information. + Sync options ~~~~~~~~~~~~ These options can be used in the initial 'clone' as well as in @@ -183,6 +179,7 @@ subsequent 'sync' operations. + This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing git repository: ++ ---- $ git init $ git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/proj2 //depot/proj2 @@ -200,12 +197,13 @@ git repository: --silent:: Do not print any progress information. ---verbose:: - Provide more progress information. - --detect-labels:: Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add - them as tags in git. + them as tags in git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels + associated with new changelists. Deprecated. + +--import-labels:: + Import labels from p4 into git. --import-local:: By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/', @@ -252,15 +250,12 @@ Submit options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior. ---verbose:: - Provide more progress information. - --origin <commit>:: Upstream location from which commits are identified to submit to p4. By default, this is the most recent p4 commit reachable from 'HEAD'. --M[<n>]:: +-M:: Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. Renames will be represented in p4 using explicit 'move' operations. There is no corresponding option to detect copies, but there are @@ -270,6 +265,16 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior. Re-author p4 changes before submitting to p4. This option requires p4 admin privileges. +--export-labels:: + Export tags from git as p4 labels. Tags found in git are applied + to the perforce working directory. + +Rebase options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior. + +--import-labels:: + Import p4 labels. DEPOT PATH SYNTAX ----------------- @@ -311,14 +316,19 @@ configuration file. This allows future 'git p4 submit' commands to work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does not have a command-line option. -The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'. Git-p4 +The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'. 'Git p4' knows only a subset of the view syntax. It understands multi-line mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes -around whitespace. Of the possible wildcards, git-p4 only handles -'...', and only when it is at the end of the path. Git-p4 will complain +around whitespace. Of the possible wildcards, 'git p4' only handles +'...', and only when it is at the end of the path. 'Git p4' will complain if it encounters an unhandled wildcard. -The name of the client can be given to git-p4 in multiple ways. The +Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist. If multiple depot +paths map through overlays to the same location in the repository, +'git p4' can choose the wrong one. This is hard to solve without +dedicating a client spec just for 'git p4'. + +The name of the client can be given to 'git p4' in multiple ways. The variable 'git-p4.client' takes precedence if it exists. Otherwise, normal p4 mechanisms of determining the client are used: environment variable P4CLIENT, a file referenced by P4CONFIG, or the local host name. @@ -429,11 +439,23 @@ git-p4.branchList:: enabled. Each entry should be a pair of branch names separated by a colon (:). This example declares that both branchA and branchB were created from main: ++ ------------- git config git-p4.branchList main:branchA git config --add git-p4.branchList main:branchB ------------- +git-p4.ignoredP4Labels:: + List of p4 labels to ignore. This is built automatically as + unimportable labels are discovered. + +git-p4.importLabels:: + Import p4 labels into git, as per --import-labels. + +git-p4.labelImportRegexp:: + Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be imported. The + default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'. + git-p4.useClientSpec:: Specify that the p4 client spec should be used to identify p4 depot paths of interest. This is equivalent to specifying the @@ -443,13 +465,15 @@ git-p4.useClientSpec:: Submit variables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ git-p4.detectRenames:: - Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. + Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. This can be true, + false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -M'. git-p4.detectCopies:: - Detect copies. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. + Detect copies. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. This can be true, + false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -C'. git-p4.detectCopiesHarder:: - Detect copies harder. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. + Detect copies harder. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. A boolean. git-p4.preserveUser:: On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author, @@ -482,6 +506,18 @@ git-p4.skipUserNameCheck:: user map, 'git p4' exits. This option can be used to force submission regardless. +git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup:: + If enabled, 'git p4 submit' will attempt to cleanup RCS keywords + ($Header$, etc). These would otherwise cause merge conflicts and prevent + the submit going ahead. This option should be considered experimental at + present. + +git-p4.exportLabels:: + Export git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels. + +git-p4.labelExportRegexp:: + Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The + default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS ---------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt index a3c6677bfa..10afd4edfe 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and -occasionally run `git pack-refs \--prune`. Tags are by +occasionally run `git pack-refs --prune`. Tags are by definition stationary and are not expected to change. Branch heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked, diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index 0f18ec891a..defb544ed0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ include::merge-options.txt[] + See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use -`{litdd}rebase` instead of merging. +`--rebase` instead of merging. + [NOTE] This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation. diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index aede48877f..cb97cc1c3b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] - [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream] + [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] DESCRIPTION @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]] <refspec>...:: The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus - `{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed + `+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>. It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref in the remote repository is to be updated. @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ updated. + The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the -update can fast-forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`, +update can fast-forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a fast-forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See EXAMPLES below for details. @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ EXAMPLES below for details. Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from the remote repository. + -The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast-forward updates) +The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates) directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode @@ -71,6 +71,14 @@ nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below). Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all refs under `refs/heads/` be pushed. +--prune:: + Remove remote branches that don't have a local counterpart. For example + a remote branch `tmp` will be removed if a local branch with the same + name doesn't exist any more. This also respects refspecs, e.g. + `git push --prune remote refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*` would + make sure that remote `refs/tmp/foo` will be removed if `refs/heads/foo` + doesn't exist. + --mirror:: Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all refs under `refs/` (which includes but is not @@ -162,10 +170,16 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'. is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal. ---recurse-submodules=check:: - Check whether all submodule commits used by the revisions to be - pushed are available on a remote tracking branch. Otherwise the - push will be aborted and the command will exit with non-zero status. +--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand:: + Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be + pushed are available on a remote tracking branch. If 'check' is + used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in + the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote + of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be + aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used + all submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will + be pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary + revisions it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status. include::urls-remotes.txt[] @@ -196,7 +210,7 @@ option is used. flag:: A single character indicating the status of the ref: (space);; for a successfully pushed fast-forward; -`{plus}`;; for a successful forced update; +`+`;; for a successful forced update; `-`;; for a successfully deleted ref; `*`;; for a successfully pushed new ref; `!`;; for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and @@ -206,7 +220,7 @@ summary:: For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to `git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and - `<old>\...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates). + `<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates). + For a failed update, more details are given: + @@ -388,7 +402,7 @@ the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository (e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it. -`git push origin {plus}dev:master`:: +`git push origin +dev:master`:: Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch, allowing non-fast-forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced commits dangling in the origin repository.* Consider the diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 520aaa94fb..fd535b06ab 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ git-rebase - Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--onto <newbase>] +'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>] -'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] --onto <newbase> +'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>] 'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ rebase.autosquash:: OPTIONS ------- -<newbase>:: +--onto <newbase>:: Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the --onto option is not specified, the starting point is <upstream>. May be any valid commit, and not just an @@ -238,6 +238,10 @@ leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD. will be reset to where it was when the rebase operation was started. +--keep-empty:: + Keep the commits that do not change anything from its + parents in the result. + --skip:: Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch. @@ -267,9 +271,9 @@ which makes little sense. -X <strategy-option>:: --strategy-option=<strategy-option>:: Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy. - This implies `\--merge` and, if no strategy has been + This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been specified, `-s recursive`. Note the reversal of 'ours' and - 'theirs' as noted in above for the `-m` option. + 'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option. -q:: --quiet:: @@ -340,14 +344,36 @@ This uses the `--interactive` machinery internally, but combining it with the `--interactive` option explicitly is generally not a good idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below). +-x <cmd>:: +--exec <cmd>:: + Append "exec <cmd>" after each line creating a commit in the + final history. <cmd> will be interpreted as one or more shell + commands. ++ +This option can only be used with the `--interactive` option +(see INTERACTIVE MODE below). ++ +You may execute several commands by either using one instance of `--exec` +with several commands: ++ + git rebase -i --exec "cmd1 && cmd2 && ..." ++ +or by giving more than one `--exec`: ++ + git rebase -i --exec "cmd1" --exec "cmd2" --exec ... ++ +If `--autosquash` is used, "exec" lines will not be appended for +the intermediate commits, and will only appear at the end of each +squash/fixup series. --root:: Rebase all commits reachable from <branch>, instead of limiting them with an <upstream>. This allows you to rebase - the root commit(s) on a branch. Must be used with --onto, and + the root commit(s) on a branch. When used with --onto, it will skip changes already contained in <newbase> (instead of - <upstream>). When used together with --preserve-merges, 'all' - root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent + <upstream>) whereas without --onto it will operate on every change. + When used together with both --onto and --preserve-merges, + 'all' root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent instead. --autosquash:: @@ -517,6 +543,24 @@ in `$SHELL`, or the default shell if `$SHELL` is not set), so you can use shell features (like "cd", ">", ";" ...). The command is run from the root of the working tree. +---------------------------------- +$ git rebase -i --exec "make test" +---------------------------------- + +This command lets you check that intermediate commits are compilable. +The todo list becomes like that: + +-------------------- +pick 5928aea one +exec make test +pick 04d0fda two +exec make test +pick ba46169 three +exec make test +pick f4593f9 four +exec make test +-------------------- + SPLITTING COMMITS ----------------- @@ -611,8 +655,8 @@ Easy case: The changes are literally the same.:: Hard case: The changes are not the same.:: This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase had conflicts, or used - `\--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or - if the upstream used one of `commit \--amend`, `reset`, or + `--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or + if the upstream used one of `commit --amend`, `reset`, or `filter-branch`. @@ -648,7 +692,7 @@ correspond to the ones before the rebase. NOTE: While an "easy case recovery" sometimes appears to be successful even in the hard case, it may have unintended consequences. For example, a commit that was removed via `git rebase - \--interactive` will be **resurrected**! + --interactive` will be **resurrected**! The idea is to manually tell 'git rebase' "where the old 'subsystem' ended and your 'topic' began", that is, what the old merge-base @@ -656,7 +700,7 @@ between them was. You will have to find a way to name the last commit of the old 'subsystem', for example: * With the 'subsystem' reflog: after 'git fetch', the old tip of - 'subsystem' is at `subsystem@\{1}`. Subsequent fetches will + 'subsystem' is at `subsystem@{1}`. Subsequent fetches will increase the number. (See linkgit:git-reflog[1].) * Relative to the tip of 'topic': knowing that your 'topic' has three diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt index 976dc14937..7fe2d2247b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt @@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ as well). It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`; see linkgit:git-log[1]. The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value -of a reference. For example, `HEAD@\{2\}` means "where HEAD used to be -two moves ago", `master@\{one.week.ago\}` means "where master used to +of a reference. For example, `HEAD@{2}` means "where HEAD used to be +two moves ago", `master@{one.week.ago}` means "where master used to point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for more details. To delete single entries from the reflog, use the subcommand "delete" -and specify the _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git reflog delete master@\{2\}`"). +and specify the _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git reflog delete master@{2}`"). OPTIONS diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt index 674797cd83..f5836e46d0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ to the `capabilities` command (see COMMANDS, below). capability use this. + A helper advertising the capability -`refspec refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/svn/origin/branches/{asterisk}` +`refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*` is saying that, when it is asked to `import refs/heads/topic`, the stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic` ref. @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ This capability can be advertised multiple times. The first applicable refspec takes precedence. The left-hand of refspecs advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by the list command. If no 'refspec' capability is advertised, -there is an implied `refspec {asterisk}:{asterisk}`. +there is an implied `refspec *:*`. Capabilities for Pushing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Other frontends may have some other order of preference. This modifies the 'import' capability. + A helper advertising -`refspec refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/svn/origin/branches/{asterisk}` +`refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*` in its capabilities is saying that, when it handles `import refs/heads/topic`, the stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic` ref. @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ This capability can be advertised multiple times. The first applicable refspec takes precedence. The left-hand of refspecs advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by the list command. If no 'refspec' capability is advertised, -there is an implied `refspec {asterisk}:{asterisk}`. +there is an implied `refspec *:*`. INVOCATION ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index d376d19ef7..a308f4c79f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ multiple branches without grabbing all branches. With `-m <master>` option, a symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set up to point at remote's `<master>` branch. See also the set-head command. + -When a fetch mirror is created with `\--mirror=fetch`, the refs will not +When a fetch mirror is created with `--mirror=fetch`, the refs will not be stored in the 'refs/remotes/' namespace, but rather everything in 'refs/' on the remote will be directly mirrored into 'refs/' in the local repository. This option only makes sense in bare repositories, because a fetch would overwrite any local commits. + -When a push mirror is created with `\--mirror=push`, then `git push` -will always behave as if `\--mirror` was passed. +When a push mirror is created with `--mirror=push`, then `git push` +will always behave as if `--mirror` was passed. 'rename':: diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt index 40af321153..4c1aff65e6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ OPTIONS Especially useful when packing a repository that is used for private development. Use with '-d'. This will clean up the objects that `git prune` - leaves behind, but `git fsck --full` shows as + leaves behind, but `git fsck --full --dangling` shows as dangling. + Note that users fetching over dumb protocols will have to fetch the diff --git a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt index b43b7c8c0e..a62227f84e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt @@ -101,15 +101,15 @@ One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch: The commits marked with `*` touch the same area in the same file; you need to resolve the conflicts when creating the commit -marked with `{plus}`. Then you can test the result to make sure your +marked with `+`. Then you can test the result to make sure your work-in-progress still works with what is in the latest master. After this test merge, there are two ways to continue your work on the topic. The easiest is to build on top of the test merge -commit `{plus}`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally +commit `+`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally ready, pull the topic branch into master, and/or ask the upstream to pull from you. By that time, however, the master or -the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `{plus}`, +the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `+`, in which case the final commit graph would look like this: ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt index b674866e6d..117e3743a6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ working tree in one go. + This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e. you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the ``Interactive Mode'' -section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode. +section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. 'git reset' --<mode> [<commit>]:: This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 8023dc086d..3c63561f02 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -101,6 +101,12 @@ OPTIONS The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict abbreviation mode. +--disambiguate=<prefix>:: + Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix. + The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to + avoid listing each and every object in the repository by + mistake. + --all:: Show all refs found in `refs/`. @@ -113,15 +119,14 @@ OPTIONS + If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`, -`{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by -appending `/{asterisk}`. +`*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`. --glob=pattern:: Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically prepended. If the pattern does not contain a globbing - character (`?`, `{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix - match by appending `/{asterisk}`. + character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix + match by appending `/*`. --show-toplevel:: Show the absolute path of the top-level directory. @@ -138,7 +143,8 @@ appending `/{asterisk}`. --git-dir:: Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to - the .git directory, relative to the current directory. + the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is + relative to the current working directory. + If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt index b699a3458e..70152e8b1e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ throw away all uncommitted changes in your working directory, you should see linkgit:git-reset[1], particularly the '--hard' option. If you want to extract specific files as they were in another commit, you should see linkgit:git-checkout[1], specifically the `git checkout -<commit> \-- <filename>` syntax. Take care with these alternatives as +<commit> -- <filename>` syntax. Take care with these alternatives as both will discard uncommitted changes in your working directory. OPTIONS @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ EXAMPLES Revert the changes specified by the fourth last commit in HEAD and create a new commit with the reverted changes. -`git revert -n master{tilde}5..master{tilde}2`:: +`git revert -n master~5..master~2`:: Revert the changes done by commits from the fifth last commit in master (included) to the third last commit in master diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt index 665ad4ddab..5d31860eb1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt @@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file. File globbing matches across directory boundaries. Thus, given two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between -using `git rm {apostrophe}d{asterisk}{apostrophe}` and -`git rm {apostrophe}d/{asterisk}{apostrophe}`, as the former will +using `git rm 'd*'` and `git rm 'd/*'`, as the former will also remove all of directory `d2`. REMOVING FILES THAT HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE FILESYSTEM diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index 327233c85b..324117072d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -198,6 +198,10 @@ must be used for each option. if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'), then authentication is not attempted. +--smtp-debug=0|1:: + Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP + commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS + connection and authentication problems. Automating ~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt index 5c3ec327bb..2ffaf9392e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ plumbing scripts and/or are writing new ones. 'git sh-i18n{litdd}envsubst' is Git's stripped-down copy of the GNU `envsubst(1)` program that comes with the GNU gettext package. It's used internally by linkgit:git-sh-i18n[1] to interpolate the variables -passed to the the `eval_gettext` function. +passed to the `eval_gettext` function. No promises are made about the interface, or that this program won't disappear without warning in the next version diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt index ff3755b4c7..01d8417316 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ OPTIONS --format[=<format>]:: Instead of the commit subject, use some other information to describe each commit. '<format>' can be any string accepted - by the `--format` option of 'git log', such as '{asterisk} [%h] %s'. + by the `--format` option of 'git log', such as '* [%h] %s'. (See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section of linkgit:git-log[1].) Each pretty-printed commit will be rewrapped before it is shown. diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt index fcee0008a9..5dbcd47fec 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ OPTIONS --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]:: Make 'git show-ref' act as a filter that reads refs from stdin of the - form "`{caret}(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:{backslash}{caret}{})?$`" + form "`^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:\^{})?$`" and performs the following actions on each: (1) strip "{caret}{}" at the end of line if any; (2) ignore if pattern is provided and does not head-match refname; diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt index 1e38819e67..ae4edcccfb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt @@ -52,10 +52,10 @@ EXAMPLES Shows the tag `v1.0.0`, along with the object the tags points at. -`git show v1.0.0^\{tree\}`:: +`git show v1.0.0^{tree}`:: Shows the tree pointed to by the tag `v1.0.0`. -`git show -s --format=%s v1.0.0^\{commit\}`:: +`git show -s --format=%s v1.0.0^{commit}`:: Shows the subject of the commit pointed to by the tag `v1.0.0`. diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt index 43af38aa4b..0aa4e20eae 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ you create one. The latest stash you created is stored in `refs/stash`; older stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using -the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the most recently -created stash, `stash@\{1}` is the one before it, `stash@\{2.hours.ago}` +the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the most recently +created stash, `stash@{1}` is the one before it, `stash@{2.hours.ago}` is also possible). OPTIONS @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you selected interactively. The selected changes are then rolled back from your worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of -linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode. +linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. + The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use `--no-keep-index` to override this. @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use list [<options>]:: List the stashes that you currently have. Each 'stash' is listed - with its name (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@\{1}` is + with its name (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@{1}` is the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the stash was made, and a short description of the commit the stash was based on. @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ show [<stash>]:: stashed state and its original parent. When no `<stash>` is given, shows the latest one. By default, the command shows the diffstat, but it will accept any format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show - -p stash@\{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form). + -p stash@{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form). pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]:: @@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ tree's changes, but also the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no longer apply the changes as they were originally). + -When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@\{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must -be a reference of the form `stash@\{<revision>}`. +When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must +be a reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`. apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]:: @@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ clear:: drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]:: Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no `<stash>` - is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@\{0}`, otherwise + is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise `<stash>` must a valid stash log reference of the form - `stash@\{<revision>}`. + `stash@{<revision>}`. create:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt index 3d51717bbe..67e5f53a9e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-status.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt @@ -77,6 +77,13 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1]. Terminate entries with NUL, instead of LF. This implies the `--porcelain` output format if no other format is given. +--column[=<options>]:: +--no-column:: + Display untracked files in columns. See configuration variable + column.status for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column` + without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' + respectively. + OUTPUT ------ @@ -98,12 +105,12 @@ In the short-format, the status of each path is shown as XY PATH1 -> PATH2 -where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and the ` \-> PATH2` part is +where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and the " `-> PATH2`" part is shown only when `PATH1` corresponds to a different path in the index/worktree (i.e. the file is renamed). The 'XY' is a two-letter status code. -The fields (including the `\->`) are separated from each other by a +The fields (including the `->`) are separated from each other by a single space. If a filename contains whitespace or other nonprintable characters, that field will be quoted in the manner of a C string literal: surrounded by ASCII double quote (34) characters, and with @@ -177,7 +184,7 @@ order is reversed (e.g 'from \-> to' becomes 'to from'). Second, a NUL and the terminating newline (but a space still separates the status field from the first filename). Third, filenames containing special characters are not specially formatted; no quoting or -backslash-escaping is performed. Fourth, there is no branch line. +backslash-escaping is performed. CONFIGURATION ------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt index b72964947a..fbbbcb282c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt @@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ if you choose to go that route. Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object within the inner repository that is completely separate. -A record in the `.gitmodules` file at the root of the source -tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and describes -the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from. +A record in the `.gitmodules` (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) file at the +root of the source tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and +describes the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from. The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your local repository configuration (see 'submodule init'). @@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ update:: checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository. This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or `--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to - `rebase`, `merge` or `none`. + `rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overridden by specifying + `--checkout`. + If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the @@ -148,10 +149,6 @@ submodule with the `--init` option. + If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within. -+ -If the configuration key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `none` the -submodule with name `$name` will not be updated by default. This can be -overriden by adding `--checkout` to the command. summary:: Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and @@ -190,7 +187,7 @@ commit for each submodule. sync:: Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting to the value specified in .gitmodules. It will only affect those - submodules which already have an url entry in .git/config (that is the + submodules which already have a URL entry in .git/config (that is the case when they are initialized or freshly added). This is useful when submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local repositories accordingly. diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index 34ee785064..cfe8d2b5df 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -189,18 +189,16 @@ and have no uncommitted changes. last fetched commit from the upstream SVN. 'dcommit':: - Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN + Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create a revision in SVN for each commit in git. - It is recommended that you run 'git svn' fetch and rebase (not - pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the - SVN repository. - An optional revision or branch argument may be specified, and - causes 'git svn' to do all work on that revision/branch - instead of HEAD. - This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces - cleaner, more linear history. ++ +When an optional git branch name (or a git commit object name) +is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified +branch, not on the current branch. ++ +Use of 'dcommit' is preferred to 'set-tree' (below). + --no-rebase;; After committing, do not rebase or reset. @@ -572,6 +570,8 @@ config key: svn.repackflags --merge:: -s<strategy>:: --strategy=<strategy>:: +-p:: +--preserve-merges:: These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands. + Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a @@ -800,18 +800,19 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone': REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE --------------------- - -Originally, 'git svn' recommended that the 'remotes/git-svn' branch be -pulled or merged from. This is because the author favored +Prefer to use 'git svn rebase' or 'git rebase', rather than +'git pull' or 'git merge' to synchronize unintegrated commits with a 'git svn' +branch. Doing so will keep the history of unintegrated commits linear with +respect to the upstream SVN repository and allow the use of the preferred +'git svn dcommit' subcommand to push unintegrated commits back into SVN. + +Originally, 'git svn' recommended that developers pulled or merged from +the 'git svn' branch. This was because the author favored `git svn set-tree B` to commit a single head rather than the -`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits. - -If you use `git svn set-tree A..B` to commit several diffs and you do -not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should -use `git svn rebase` to update your work branch instead of `git pull` or -`git merge`. `pull`/`merge` can cause non-linear history to be flattened -when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing -previous commits in SVN. +`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits. Use of +'git pull' or 'git merge' with `git svn set-tree A..B` will cause non-linear +history to be flattened when committing into SVN and this can lead to merge +commits unexpectedly reversing previous commits in SVN. MERGE TRACKING -------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt index a45d4c4f29..981d3a8fc1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt @@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ git-symbolic-ref - Read and modify symbolic refs SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [-m <reason>] <name> [<ref>] +'git symbolic-ref' [-m <reason>] <name> <ref> +'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [--short] <name> DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -33,6 +34,10 @@ OPTIONS symbolic ref but a detached HEAD; instead exit with non-zero status silently. +--short:: + When showing the value of <name> as a symbolic ref, try to shorten the + value, e.g. from `refs/heads/master` to `master`. + -m:: Update the reflog for <name> with <reason>. This is valid only when creating or updating a symbolic ref. diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt index 53ff5f6cf7..e36a7c3d1e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt @@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> [<commit> | <object>] 'git tag' -d <tagname>... -'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [<pattern>...] +'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] + [--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [<pattern>...] + [<pattern>...] 'git tag' -v <tagname>... DESCRIPTION @@ -83,9 +85,20 @@ OPTIONS using fnmatch(3)). Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the tag is shown. +--column[=<options>]:: +--no-column:: + Display tag listing in columns. See configuration variable + column.tag for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column` + without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively. ++ +This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines. + --contains <commit>:: Only list tags which contain the specified commit. +--points-at <object>:: + Only list tags of the given object. + -m <msg>:: --message=<msg>:: Use the given tag message (instead of prompting). diff --git a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt index 346e7a2079..f7362dc2d1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ EXAMPLES Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release. -`git tar-tree v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`:: +`git tar-tree v1.4.0^{tree} git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`:: Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a global extended pax header. diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt index a3081f4e23..9d0b1515c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [--ignore-submodules] [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g] [--info-only] [--index-info] - [-z] [--stdin] + [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>] [--verbose] [--] [<file>...] @@ -143,6 +143,10 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually. --verbose:: Report what is being added and removed from index. +--index-version <n>:: + Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version. + The current default version is 2. + -z:: Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are separated with NUL character instead of LF. diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt index 5317cc2474..67edf58689 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-var.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt @@ -43,22 +43,21 @@ GIT_EDITOR:: `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe" --nofork`. The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR` environment variable, then `core.editor` configuration, then - `$VISUAL`, then `$EDITOR`, and then finally 'vi'. + `$VISUAL`, then `$EDITOR`, and then the default chosen at compile + time, which is usually 'vi'. +ifdef::git-default-editor[] + The build you are using chose '{git-default-editor}' as the default. +endif::git-default-editor[] GIT_PAGER:: Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less'). The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell. The order of preference is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager` - configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then finally 'less'. - -Diagnostics ------------ -You don't exist. Go away!:: - The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read -Your parents must have hated you!:: - The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer. -Your sysadmin must hate you!:: - The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer. + configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at + compile time (usually 'less'). +ifdef::git-default-pager[] + The build you are using chose '{git-default-pager}' as the default. +endif::git-default-pager[] SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt index 76c7f7eec5..6c8f510c3f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Examples Show as patches the commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories -`git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk`:: +`git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`:: Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'. The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 8f3167587d..bf22ad527c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -44,6 +44,24 @@ unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: +* link:v1.7.11.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.3] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11]. + +* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5], + link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4], + link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3], + link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2], + link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1], + link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10]. + * link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7] * release notes for @@ -719,7 +737,7 @@ other 'GIT_EDITOR':: This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`. - It is used by several git comands when, on interactive mode, + It is used by several git commands when, on interactive mode, an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1] and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1]. diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index a85b187e04..e16f3e175b 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into `.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the `core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]). +Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME +is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead. Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the `$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file. @@ -294,16 +296,27 @@ output is used to update the worktree file. Similarly, the `clean` command is used to convert the contents of worktree file upon checkin. -A missing filter driver definition in the config is not an error -but makes the filter a no-op passthru. +One use of the content filtering is to massage the content into a shape +that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and the user to use. +For this mode of operation, the key phrase here is "more convenient" and +not "turning something unusable into usable". In other words, the intent +is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition, or does not have +the appropriate filter program, the project should still be usable. -The content filtering is done to massage the content into a -shape that is more convenient for the platform, filesystem, and -the user to use. The key phrase here is "more convenient" and not -"turning something unusable into usable". In other words, the -intent is that if someone unsets the filter driver definition, -or does not have the appropriate filter program, the project -should still be usable. +Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot +be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true +content stored outside git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a +usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt +the encrypted content). + +These two filters behave differently, and by default, a filter is taken as +the former, massaging the contents into more convenient shape. A missing +filter driver definition in the config, or a filter driver that exits with +a non-zero status, is not an error but makes the filter a no-op passthru. + +You can declare that a filter turns a content that by itself is unusable +into a usable content by setting the filter.<driver>.required configuration +variable to `true`. For example, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `filter` attribute for paths. @@ -335,6 +348,16 @@ input that is already correctly indented. In this case, the lack of a smudge filter means that the clean filter _must_ accept its own output without modifying it. +If a filter _must_ succeed in order to make the stored contents usable, +you can declare that the filter is `required`, in the configuration: + +------------------------ +[filter "crypt"] + clean = openssl enc ... + smudge = openssl enc -d ... + required +------------------------ + Sequence "%f" on the filter command line is replaced with the name of the file the filter is working on. A filter might use this in keyword substitution. For example: diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt index f734f97b8e..ea17f7a53b 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt @@ -25,22 +25,22 @@ arguments. Here are the rules: are paths. * When an argument can be misunderstood as either a revision or a path, - they can be disambiguated by placing `\--` between them. - E.g. `git diff \-- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work + they can be disambiguated by placing `--` between them. + E.g. `git diff -- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work tree. Please show changes between the version I staged in the index and what I have in the work tree for that file". not "show difference between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole". You can say - `git diff HEAD \--` to ask for the latter. + `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter. - * Without disambiguating `\--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors + * Without disambiguating `--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous. E.g. if you have a file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and - you have to say either `git diff HEAD \--` or `git diff \-- HEAD` to + you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to disambiguate. When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing -disambiguating `\--` at appropriate places. +disambiguating `--` at appropriate places. Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are scripting git: diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt index fb0d5692a4..9d893369a0 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt @@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index (or remove existing ones) unless you explicitly tell it that you're -adding a new entry with the `\--add` flag (or removing an entry with the -`\--remove`) flag. +adding a new entry with the `--add` flag (or removing an entry with the +`--remove`) flag. So to populate the index with the two files you just created, you can do @@ -399,10 +399,10 @@ $ git diff HEAD which ends up doing the above for you. In other words, 'git diff-index' normally compares a tree against the -working tree, but when given the `\--cached` flag, it is told to +working tree, but when given the `--cached` flag, it is told to instead compare against just the index cache contents, and ignore the current working tree state entirely. Since we just wrote the index -file to HEAD, doing `git diff-index \--cached -p HEAD` should thus return +file to HEAD, doing `git diff-index --cached -p HEAD` should thus return an empty set of differences, and that's exactly what it does. [NOTE] @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ an empty set of differences, and that's exactly what it does. comparisons, and saying that it compares a tree against the working tree is thus not strictly accurate. In particular, the list of files to compare (the "meta-data") *always* comes from the index file, -regardless of whether the `\--cached` flag is used or not. The `\--cached` +regardless of whether the `--cached` flag is used or not. The `--cached` flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared come from the working tree or not. @@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ update the index cache: $ git update-index hello ------------------------------------------------ -(note how we didn't need the `\--add` flag this time, since git knew +(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since git knew about the file already). Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here. @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ short history. When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown. If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you -can still show it for each command just adding the `\--root` option, +can still show it for each command just adding the `--root` option, which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands. With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and @@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ helps you view what's going on: $ gitk --all ---------------- -will show you graphically both of your branches (that's what the `\--all` +will show you graphically both of your branches (that's what the `--all` means: normally it will just show you your current `HEAD`) and their histories. You can also see exactly how they came to be from a common source. @@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ which will very loudly warn you that you're now committing a merge (which is correct, so never mind), and you can write a small merge message about your adventures in 'git merge'-land. -After you're done, start up `gitk \--all` to see graphically what the +After you're done, start up `gitk --all` to see graphically what the history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The `mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it @@ -958,11 +958,11 @@ $ git show-branch --topo-order --more=1 master mybranch The first two lines indicate that it is showing the two branches and the first line of the commit log message from their top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on `master` branch -(notice the asterisk `{asterisk}` character), and the first column for +(notice the asterisk `*` character), and the first column for the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the `master` branch, and the second column for the `mybranch` branch. Three commits are shown along with their log messages. -All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`{asterisk}` +All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`*` shows an ordinary commit on the current branch, `-` is a merge commit), which means they are now part of the `master` branch. Only the "Some work" commit has the plus `+` character in the second column, @@ -1002,8 +1002,8 @@ would be different) ---------------- Updating from ae3a2da... to a80b4aa.... Fast-forward (no commit created; -m option ignored) - example | 1 + - hello | 1 + + example | 1 + + hello | 1 + 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+) ---------------- @@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ not actually do a merge. Instead, it just updated the top of the tree of your branch to that of the `master` branch. This is often called 'fast-forward' merge. -You can run `gitk \--all` again to see how the commit ancestry +You can run `gitk --all` again to see how the commit ancestry looks like, or run 'show-branch', which tells you this. ------------------------------------------------ @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ this 'collapsing' tends to trivially merge most of the paths fairly quickly, leaving only a handful of real changes in non-zero stages. -To look at only non-zero stages, use `\--unmerged` flag: +To look at only non-zero stages, use `--unmerged` flag: ------------ $ git ls-files --unmerged @@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@ packed, and stores the packed file in `.git/objects/pack` directory. [NOTE] -You will see two files, `pack-{asterisk}.pack` and `pack-{asterisk}.idx`, +You will see two files, `pack-*.pack` and `pack-*.idx`, in `.git/objects/pack` directory. They are closely related to each other, and if you ever copy them by hand to a different repository for whatever reason, you should make sure you copy diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt index 066f825f2e..7dfffc0046 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt @@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ CONFIGURATION OPTIONS --------------------- Options for a credential context can be configured either in -`credential.\*` (which applies to all credentials), or -`credential.<url>.\*`, where <url> matches the context as described +`credential.*` (which applies to all credentials), or +`credential.<url>.*`, where <url> matches the context as described above. The following options are available in either location: diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt index 370624c171..daf1782a31 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt @@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ a similarity score different from the default of 50% by giving a number after the "-M" or "-C" option (e.g. "-M8" to tell it to use 8/10 = 80%). -Note. When the "-C" option is used with `\--find-copies-harder` +Note. When the "-C" option is used with `--find-copies-harder` option, 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands feed unmodified filepairs to diffcore mechanism as well as modified ones. This lets the copy detector consider unmodified files as copy source candidates at -the expense of making it slower. Without `\--find-copies-harder`, +the expense of making it slower. Without `--find-copies-harder`, 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands can detect copies only if the file that was copied happened to have been modified in the same changeset. @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the --S option and the `\--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-{asterisk}' +-S option and the `--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-*' commands. When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are @@ -233,9 +233,9 @@ different number of specified string. Such a filepair represents "the string appeared in this changeset". It also checks for the opposite case that loses the specified string. -When `\--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves +When `--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its -output. When `\--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all +output. When `--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the output empty otherwise. The latter behaviour is designed to make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index 28edefa202..b9003fed24 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pre-commit ~~~~~~~~~~ This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed -with `\--no-verify` option. It takes no parameter, and is +with `--no-verify` option. It takes no parameter, and is invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and making a commit. Exiting with non-zero status from this script causes the 'git commit' to abort. @@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ given); `template` (if a `-t` option was given or the configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash` (if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by -a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `\--amend` option was given). +a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given). If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort. The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and -it is not suppressed by the `\--no-verify` option. A non-zero exit +it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option. A non-zero exit means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit. It should not be used as replacement for pre-commit hook. @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ commit-msg ~~~~~~~~~~ This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed -with `\--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the +with `--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message. Exiting with non-zero status causes the 'git commit' to abort. diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt index 2e7328b830..c1f692a71e 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt @@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. Patterns which a user wants git to ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by -`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. +`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is +$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, +$HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead. The underlying git plumbing tools, such as 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt index 4040941e55..4effd78902 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ submodule.<name>.path:: be unique within the .gitmodules file. submodule.<name>.url:: - Defines an url from where the submodule repository can be cloned. + Defines a URL from which the submodule repository can be cloned. This may be either an absolute URL ready to be passed to linkgit:git-clone[1] or (if it begins with ./ or ../) a location relative to the superproject's origin repository. @@ -41,8 +41,11 @@ submodule.<name>.update:: the commit specified in the superproject. If 'merge', the commit specified in the superproject will be merged into the current branch in the submodule. + If 'none', the submodule with name `$name` will not be updated + by default. + This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given - the '--merge' or '--rebase' options. + the '--merge', '--rebase' or '--checkout' options. submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules:: This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this @@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ Consider the following .gitmodules file: This defines two submodules, `libfoo` and `libbar`. These are expected to be checked out in the paths 'include/foo' and 'include/bar', and for both -submodules an url is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules. +submodules a URL is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules. SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt index 7aba497b74..49474557d8 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ $highlight_bin:: By default set to 'highlight'; set it to full path to highlight executable if it is not installed on your web server's PATH. Note that 'highlight' feature must be set for gitweb to actually - use syntax hightlighting. + use syntax highlighting. + *NOTE*: if you want to add support for new file type (supported by "highlight" but not used by gitweb), you need to modify `%highlight_ext` @@ -499,6 +499,13 @@ $maxload:: Set `$maxload` to undefined value (`undef`) to turn this feature off. The default value is 300. +$omit_age_column:: + If true, omit the column with date of the most current commit on the + projects list page. It can save a bit of I/O and a fork per repository. + +$omit_owner:: + If true prevents displaying information about repository owner. + $per_request_config:: If this is set to code reference, it will be run once for each request. You can set parts of configuration that change per session this way. @@ -749,14 +756,14 @@ Project specific override is not supported. forks:: If this feature is enabled, gitweb considers projects in subdirectories of project root (basename) to be forks of existing - projects. For each project `$projname.git`, projects in the - `$projname/` directory and its subdirectories will not be - shown in the main projects list. Instead, a \'+' mark is shown - next to `$projname`, which links to a "forks" view that lists all - the forks (all projects in `$projname/` subdirectory). Additionally + projects. For each project +$projname.git+, projects in the + +$projname/+ directory and its subdirectories will not be + shown in the main projects list. Instead, a \'\+' mark is shown + next to +$projname+, which links to a "forks" view that lists all + the forks (all projects in +$projname/+ subdirectory). Additionally a "forks" view for a project is linked from project summary page. + -If the project list is taken from a file (`$projects_list` points to a +If the project list is taken from a file (+$projects_list+ points to a file), forks are only recognized if they are listed after the main project in that file. + diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt index 5e4f362ff8..8b8c6ae5d3 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt @@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ To achieve this, try to split your work into small steps from the very beginning. It is always easier to squash a few commits together than to split one big commit into several. Don't be afraid of making too small or imperfect steps along the way. You can always go back later -and edit the commits with `git rebase \--interactive` before you -publish them. You can use `git stash save \--keep-index` to run the +and edit the commits with `git rebase --interactive` before you +publish them. You can use `git stash save --keep-index` to run the test suite independent of other uncommitted changes; see the EXAMPLES section of linkgit:git-stash[1]. diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index 3595b586bc..f928b57f90 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ to point at the new commit. [[def_ent]]ent:: Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See - `http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth)` for an in-depth + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth) for an in-depth explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people. [[def_evil_merge]]evil merge:: diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt index 2933056120..1ae8d1214e 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ What you want is the 'subtree' merge strategy, which helps you in such a situation. In this example, let's say you have the repository at `/path/to/B` (but -it can be an URL as well, if you want). You want to merge the 'master' +it can be a URL as well, if you want). You want to merge the 'master' branch of that repository to the `dir-B` subdirectory in your current branch. diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt index 5afc99f650..0bcbe0ac3c 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt @@ -9,18 +9,19 @@ inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing. --edit:: --no-edit:: - Invoke editor before committing successful merge to further - edit the default merge message. The `--no-edit` option can be + Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to + further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user + can explain and justify the merge. The `--no-edit` option can be used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally - discouraged) when merging an annotated tag, in which case - `git merge` automatically spawns the editor so that the result - of the GPG verification of the tag can be seen. + discouraged). The `--edit` option is still useful if you are + giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line + and want to edit it in the editor. + Older scripts may depend on the historical behaviour of not allowing the user to edit the merge log message. They will see an editor opened when -they run `git merge` to merge an annotated tag. To make it easier to adjust -such scripts to the updated behaviour, the environment variable -`GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT` can be set to `no` at the beginning of them. +they run `git merge`. To make it easier to adjust such scripts to the +updated behaviour, the environment variable `GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT` can be +set to `no` at the beginning of them. --ff:: When the merge resolves as a fast-forward, only update the branch diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt index 880b6f2e6f..e3d8a83b23 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt @@ -130,8 +130,8 @@ The placeholders are: - '%b': body - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body) - '%N': commit notes -- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@\{1\}` -- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@\{1\}` +- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` +- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@{1}` - '%gn': reflog identity name - '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1]) - '%ge': reflog identity email @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by `git log -g`). The `%d` placeholder will use the "short" decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command line. -If you add a `{plus}` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed +If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the placeholder expands to a non-empty string. diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt index 5dd6e5a0c7..94a9d32f1d 100644 --- a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt +++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ endif::git-pull[] <refspec>:: The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus - `{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed + `+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>. + The remote ref that matches <src> diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index 6a4b6355ba..d9b2b5b2e0 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ excluded from the output. + For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in -`A`. In other words, this lists the `{plus}` commits from `git cherry A B`. +`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`. More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact list. @@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to `---------' ----------------------------------------------------------------------- + -Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '\--full-history': +Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '--full-history': + -- * `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ of course). When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e. -excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the '\--ancestry-path' +excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the '--ancestry-path' option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: + ----------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -622,6 +622,7 @@ These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories. --no-walk:: Only show the given revs, but do not traverse their ancestors. + This has no effect if a range is specified. --do-walk:: @@ -759,7 +760,7 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. --cc:: - This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the + This flag implies the '-c' option and further compresses the patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks one of them without modification. diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index 1725661837..dc0070bcb7 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -24,22 +24,22 @@ blobs contained in a commit. object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'. If you happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean. - When ambiguous, a '<name>' is disambiguated by taking the + When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the first match in the following rules: - . If '$GIT_DIR/<name>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually + . If '$GIT_DIR/<refname>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually useful only for 'HEAD', 'FETCH_HEAD', 'ORIG_HEAD', 'MERGE_HEAD' and 'CHERRY_PICK_HEAD'); - . otherwise, 'refs/<name>' if it exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/<refname>' if it exists; . otherwise, 'refs/tags/<refname>' if it exists; - . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<name>' if it exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<refname>' if it exists; - . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>' if it exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>' if it exists; - . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD' if it exists. + . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>/HEAD' if it exists. + 'HEAD' names the commit on which you based the changes in the working tree. 'FETCH_HEAD' records the branch which you fetched from a remote repository @@ -218,13 +218,44 @@ and its parent commits exist. The 'r1{caret}@' notation means all parents of 'r1'. 'r1{caret}!' includes commit 'r1' but excludes all of its parents. +To summarize: + +'<rev>':: + Include commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of) + <rev>. + +'{caret}<rev>':: + Exclude commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of) + <rev>. + +'<rev1>..<rev2>':: + Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude + those that are reachable from <rev1>. + +'<rev1>\...<rev2>':: + Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or + <rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both. + +'<rev>{caret}@', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}@':: + A suffix '{caret}' followed by an at sign is the same as listing + all parents of '<rev>' (meaning, include anything reachable from + its parents, but not the commit itself). + +'<rev>{caret}!', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}!':: + A suffix '{caret}' followed by an exclamation mark is the same + as giving commit '<rev>' and then all its parents prefixed with + '{caret}' to exclude them (and their ancestors). + Here are a handful of examples: D G H D D F G H I J D F ^G D H D ^D B E I J F B + B..C C B...C G H D E B C ^D B C E I J F B C + C I J F C C^@ I J F + C^! C F^! D G H D F diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt index 49b3d52952..1b7d8f140c 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt @@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ Functions `argv_array_push`:: Push a copy of a string onto the end of the array. +`argv_array_pushl`:: + Push a list of strings onto the end of the array. The arguments + should be a list of `const char *` strings, terminated by a NULL + argument. + `argv_array_pushf`:: Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `argv_array_push`. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..edf8dfb99b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +config API +========== + +The config API gives callers a way to access git configuration files +(and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a +discussion of the config file syntax. + +General Usage +------------- + +Config files are parsed linearly, and each variable found is passed to a +caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible +for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore +some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed +several times during the run of a git program, with different callbacks +picking out different variables useful to themselves. + +A config callback function takes three parameters: + +- the name of the parsed variable. This is in canonical "flat" form: the + section, subsection, and variable segments will be separated by dots, + and the section and variable segments will be all lowercase. E.g., + `core.ignorecase`, `diff.SomeType.textconv`. + +- the value of the found variable, as a string. If the variable had no + value specified, the value will be NULL (typically this means it + should be interpreted as boolean true). + +- a void pointer passed in by the caller of the config API; this can + contain callback-specific data + +A config callback should return 0 for success, or -1 if the variable +could not be parsed properly. + +Basic Config Querying +--------------------- + +Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files +that git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this, +call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer. + +`git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing +priority. Thus a callback should typically overwrite previously-seen +entries with new ones (e.g., if both the user-wide `~/.gitconfig` and +repo-specific `.git/config` contain `color.ui`, the config machinery +will first feed the user-wide one to the callback, and then the +repo-specific one; by overwriting, the higher-priority repo-specific +value is left at the end). + +The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config +while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should +almost never be used by "regular" git code that is looking up +configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like +`git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup +process. It takes two extra parameters: + +`filename`:: +If this parameter is non-NULL, it specifies the name of a file to +parse for configuration, rather than looking in the usual files. Regular +`git_config` defaults to `NULL`. + +`respect_includes`:: +Specify whether include directives should be followed in parsed files. +Regular `git_config` defaults to `1`. + +There is a special version of `git_config` called `git_config_early`. +This version takes an additional parameter to specify the repository +config, instead of having it looked up via `git_path`. This is useful +early in a git program before the repository has been found. Unless +you're working with early setup code, you probably don't want to use +this. + +Reading Specific Files +---------------------- + +To read a specific file in git-config format, use +`git_config_from_file`. This takes the same callback and data parameters +as `git_config`. + +Value Parsing Helpers +--------------------- + +To aid in parsing string values, the config API provides callbacks with +a number of helper functions, including: + +`git_config_int`:: +Parse the string to an integer, including unit factors. Dies on error; +otherwise, returns the parsed result. + +`git_config_ulong`:: +Identical to `git_config_int`, but for unsigned longs. + +`git_config_bool`:: +Parse a string into a boolean value, respecting keywords like "true" and +"false". Integer values are converted into true/false values (when they +are non-zero or zero, respectively). Other values cause a die(). If +parsing is successful, the return value is the result. + +`git_config_bool_or_int`:: +Same as `git_config_bool`, except that integers are returned as-is, and +an `is_bool` flag is unset. + +`git_config_maybe_bool`:: +Same as `git_config_bool`, except that it returns -1 on error rather +than dying. + +`git_config_string`:: +Allocates and copies the value string into the `dest` parameter; if no +string is given, prints an error message and returns -1. + +`git_config_pathname`:: +Similar to `git_config_string`, but expands `~` or `~user` into the +user's home directory when found at the beginning of the path. + +Include Directives +------------------ + +By default, the config parser does not respect include directives. +However, a caller can use the special `git_config_include` wrapper +callback to support them. To do so, you simply wrap your "real" callback +function and data pointer in a `struct config_include_data`, and pass +the wrapper to the regular config-reading functions. For example: + +------------------------------------------- +int read_file_with_include(const char *file, config_fn_t fn, void *data) +{ + struct config_include_data inc = CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT; + inc.fn = fn; + inc.data = data; + return git_config_from_file(git_config_include, file, &inc); +} +------------------------------------------- + +`git_config` respects includes automatically. The lower-level +`git_config_from_file` does not. + +Writing Config Files +-------------------- + +TODO diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt index 21ca6a2553..5977b58e57 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt @@ -6,8 +6,52 @@ password credentials from the user (even though credentials in the wider world can take many forms, in this document the word "credential" always refers to a username and password pair). +This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential +subsystem provides to the rest of git, and the protocol that git uses to +communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are +writing git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see +the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see +the section on "Credential Helpers" below. + +Typical setup +------------- + +------------ ++-----------------------+ +| git code (C) |--- to server requiring ---> +| | authentication +|.......................| +| C credential API |--- prompt ---> User ++-----------------------+ + ^ | + | pipe | + | v ++-----------------------+ +| git credential helper | ++-----------------------+ +------------ + +The git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain +credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The +API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or +"git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a +store. If the credential helper cannot find the information, the C API +will prompt the user. Then, the caller of the API takes care of +contacting the server, and does the actual authentication. + +C API +----- + +The credential C API is meant to be called by git code which needs to +acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object +representing a single credential and provides three basic operations: +fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user), +approve (mark a credential as successfully used so that it can be stored +for later use), and reject (mark a credential as unsuccessful so that it +can be erased from any persistent storage). + Data Structures ---------------- +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ `struct credential`:: @@ -21,14 +65,17 @@ Data Structures The `helpers` member of the struct is a `string_list` of helpers. Each string specifies an external helper which will be run, in order, to either acquire or store credentials. See the section on credential -helpers below. +helpers below. This list is filled-in by the API functions +according to the corresponding configuration variables before +consulting helpers, so there usually is no need for a caller to +modify the helpers field at all. + This struct should always be initialized with `CREDENTIAL_INIT` or `credential_init`. Functions ---------- +~~~~~~~~~ `credential_init`:: @@ -72,7 +119,7 @@ Functions Parse a URL into broken-down credential fields. Example -------- +~~~~~~~ The example below shows how the functions of the credential API could be used to login to a fictitious "foo" service on a remote host: @@ -135,8 +182,10 @@ credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk). -Each helper is specified by a single string. The string is transformed -by git into a command to be executed using these rules: +Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration +variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]). +The string is transformed by git into a command to be executed using +these rules: 1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell snippet, and everything after the "!" becomes the command. @@ -192,42 +241,9 @@ appended to its command line, which is one of: Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper's storage. The details of the credential will be provided on the helper's stdin -stream. The credential is split into a set of named attributes. -Attributes are provided to the helper, one per line. Each attribute is -specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign, -followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`, -newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL. -In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting, -and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of -attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file. - -Git will send the following attributes (but may not send all of -them for a given credential; for example, a `host` attribute makes no -sense when dealing with a non-network protocol): - -`protocol`:: - - The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g., - `https`). - -`host`:: - - The remote hostname for a network credential. - -`path`:: - - The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for - accessing a remote https repository, this will be the - repository's path on the server. - -`username`:: - - The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a - URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper). - -`password`:: - - The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored. +stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the +`git credential` plumbing command (see the section `INPUT/OUTPUT +FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[7] for a detailed specification). For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or @@ -243,3 +259,10 @@ request. If a helper receives any other operation, it should silently ignore the request. This leaves room for future operations to be added (older helpers will just ignore the new requests). + +See also +-------- + +linkgit:gitcredentials[7] + +linkgit:git-config[5] (See configuration variables `credential.*`) diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt index 4b92514f60..3062389404 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ that allow to change the behavior of a command. * There are basically two forms of options: 'Short options' consist of one dash (`-`) and one alphanumeric character. - 'Long options' begin with two dashes (`\--`) and some + 'Long options' begin with two dashes (`--`) and some alphanumeric characters. * Options are case-sensitive. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ The parse-options API allows: * 'sticked' and 'separate form' of options with arguments. `-oArg` is sticked, `-o Arg` is separate form. - `\--option=Arg` is sticked, `\--option Arg` is separate form. + `--option=Arg` is sticked, `--option Arg` is separate form. * Long options may be 'abbreviated', as long as the abbreviation is unambiguous. @@ -39,11 +39,12 @@ The parse-options API allows: * Short options may be bundled, e.g. `-a -b` can be specified as `-ab`. * Boolean long options can be 'negated' (or 'unset') by prepending - `no-`, e.g. `\--no-abbrev` instead of `\--abbrev`. + `no-`, e.g. `--no-abbrev` instead of `--abbrev`. Conversely, + options that begin with `no-` can be 'negated' by removing it. -* Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `\--` - option, e.g. `-a -b \--option \-- \--this-is-a-file` indicates that - `\--this-is-a-file` must not be processed as an option. +* Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `--` + option, e.g. `-a -b --option -- --this-is-a-file` indicates that + `--this-is-a-file` must not be processed as an option. Steps to parse options ---------------------- @@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ before the full parser, which in turn shows the full help message. Flags are the bitwise-or of: `PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH`:: - Keep the `\--` that usually separates options from + Keep the `--` that usually separates options from non-option arguments. `PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION`:: @@ -113,22 +114,22 @@ say `static struct option builtin_add_options[]`. There are some macros to easily define options: `OPT__ABBREV(&int_var)`:: - Add `\--abbrev[=<n>]`. + Add `--abbrev[=<n>]`. `OPT__COLOR(&int_var, description)`:: - Add `\--color[=<when>]` and `--no-color`. + Add `--color[=<when>]` and `--no-color`. `OPT__DRY_RUN(&int_var, description)`:: - Add `-n, \--dry-run`. + Add `-n, --dry-run`. `OPT__FORCE(&int_var, description)`:: - Add `-f, \--force`. + Add `-f, --force`. `OPT__QUIET(&int_var, description)`:: - Add `-q, \--quiet`. + Add `-q, --quiet`. `OPT__VERBOSE(&int_var, description)`:: - Add `-v, \--verbose`. + Add `-v, --verbose`. `OPT_GROUP(description)`:: Start an option group. `description` is a short string that @@ -215,10 +216,10 @@ The last element of the array must be `OPT_END()`. If not stated otherwise, interpret the arguments as follows: * `short` is a character for the short option - (e.g. `{apostrophe}e{apostrophe}` for `-e`, use `0` to omit), + (e.g. `'e'` for `-e`, use `0` to omit), * `long` is a string for the long option - (e.g. `"example"` for `\--example`, use `NULL` to omit), + (e.g. `"example"` for `--example`, use `NULL` to omit), * `int_var` is an integer variable, @@ -242,10 +243,10 @@ The function must be defined in this form: The callback mechanism is as follows: * Inside `func`, the only interesting member of the structure - given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt\->value`. - `\*opt\->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you + given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt->value`. + `*opt->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you use `OPT_CALLBACK()`. - For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt\->value = 42;` to get 42 + For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 42;` to get 42 into an `unsigned long` variable. * Return value `0` indicates success and non-zero return diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt index 996da0503a..b7d0d9a8a7 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt @@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ function. returning a `struct commit *` each time you call it. The end of the revision list is indicated by returning a NULL pointer. +`reset_revision_walk`:: + + Reset the flags used by the revision walking api. You can use + this to do multiple sequencial revision walks. + Data structures --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt index 8930b3fabc..9d25b30178 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt @@ -113,9 +113,22 @@ GIT index format are encoded in 7-bit ASCII and the encoding cannot contain a NUL byte (iow, this is a UNIX pathname). + (Version 4) In version 4, the entry path name is prefix-compressed + relative to the path name for the previous entry (the very first + entry is encoded as if the path name for the previous entry is an + empty string). At the beginning of an entry, an integer N in the + variable width encoding (the same encoding as the offset is encoded + for OFS_DELTA pack entries; see pack-format.txt) is stored, followed + by a NUL-terminated string S. Removing N bytes from the end of the + path name for the previous entry, and replacing it with the string S + yields the path name for this entry. + 1-8 nul bytes as necessary to pad the entry to a multiple of eight bytes while keeping the name NUL-terminated. + (Version 4) In version 4, the padding after the pathname does not + exist. + == Extensions === Cached tree diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt index 546980c0a4..49cdc571cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt @@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ Then the server will start sending its packfile data. A simple clone may look like this (with no 'have' lines): ---- - C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \ + C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d multi_ack \ side-band-64k ofs-delta\n C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n @@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ A simple clone may look like this (with no 'have' lines): An incremental update (fetch) response might look like this: ---- - C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \ + C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d multi_ack \ side-band-64k ofs-delta\n C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt index d30a1b9510..fb7ff084f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ More specifically, they: . They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`, - caret `{caret}`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, + caret `^`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, or open bracket `[` anywhere. . They cannot end with a slash `/` nor a dot `.`. diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index f13a846131..03d95dc290 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ Checking the repository for corruption The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command runs a number of self-consistency checks on the repository, and reports on any problems. This may take some -time. The most common warning by far is about "dangling" objects: +time. ------------------------------------------------- $ git fsck @@ -1597,9 +1597,11 @@ dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f ... ------------------------------------------------- -Dangling objects are not a problem. At worst they may take up a little -extra disk space. They can sometimes provide a last-resort method for -recovering lost work--see <<dangling-objects>> for details. +You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects +that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of +your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with "gc". +You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still +view real errors. [[recovering-lost-changes]] Recovering lost changes @@ -1609,7 +1611,7 @@ Recovering lost changes Reflogs ^^^^^^^ -Say you modify a branch with `linkgit:git-reset[1] --hard`, and then +Say you modify a branch with +linkgit:git-reset[1] \--hard+, and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in history. @@ -2868,7 +2870,7 @@ $ git fetch example You can also add a "+" to force the update each time: ------------------------------------------------- -$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master +$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:refs/remotes/example/master ------------------------------------------------- Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly @@ -2964,7 +2966,7 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by: - a tree: The SHA-1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing the contents of a directory at a certain point in time. -- parent(s): The SHA-1 name of some number of commits which represent the +- parent(s): The SHA-1 name(s) of some number of commits which represent the immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project. The example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than one. A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and @@ -3295,15 +3297,12 @@ it is with linkgit:git-fsck[1]; this may be time-consuming. Assume the output looks like this: ------------------------------------------------ -$ git fsck --full +$ git fsck --full --no-dangling broken link from tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8 to blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 ------------------------------------------------ -(Typically there will be some "dangling object" messages too, but they -aren't interesting.) - Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6 points to it. If you could find just one copy of that missing blob object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into @@ -3364,8 +3363,8 @@ Date: :100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile ------------------------------------------------ -This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was -"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha". +This tells you that the immediately following version of the file was +"newsha", and that the immediately preceding version was "oldsha". You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha. @@ -4036,8 +4035,8 @@ $ git ls-files --unmerged Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the filename. The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it -came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD` -tree, and stage3 `$target` tree. +came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to +the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree. Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside `git read-tree -m`. For example, if the file did not change @@ -4208,7 +4207,7 @@ commits one by one with the function `get_revision()`. If you are interested in more details of the revision walking process, just have a look at the first implementation of `cmd_log()`; call -`git show v1.3.0{tilde}155^2{tilde}4` and scroll down to that function (note that you +`git show v1.3.0~155^2~4` and scroll down to that function (note that you no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly). Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the @@ -4271,9 +4270,9 @@ Two things are interesting here: negative numbers in case of different errors--and 0 on success. - the variable `sha1` in the function signature of `get_sha1()` is `unsigned - char {asterisk}`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned + char *`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned char[20]`. This variable will contain the 160-bit SHA-1 of the given - commit. Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char {asterisk}`, it + commit. Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char *`, it is the binary representation, as opposed to the ASCII representation in hex characters, which is passed as `char *`. |