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-rw-r--r--Documentation/CodingGuidelines2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/Makefile1
-rw-r--r--Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt3
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.4.txt16
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.5.txt22
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.3.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.4.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.4.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.5.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.3.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.4.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.2.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.3.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.3.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.4.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.2.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.3.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.2.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.3.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.3.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.4.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.27.0.txt94
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/feature.txt3
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/http.txt21
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/pack.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/stash.txt18
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/tag.txt7
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/tar.txt6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/trace2.txt9
-rw-r--r--Documentation/fetch-options.txt12
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-clone.txt13
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-fast-import.txt20
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-init.txt7
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-p4.txt45
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt10
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-rebase.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git.txt6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/gitfaq.txt337
-rw-r--r--Documentation/githooks.txt51
-rw-r--r--Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt52
-rw-r--r--Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt3
44 files changed, 798 insertions, 58 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index ed4e443a3c..390ceece52 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -91,8 +91,6 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
- No shell arrays.
- - No strlen ${#parameter}.
-
- No pattern replacement ${parameter/pattern/string}.
- We use Arithmetic Expansion $(( ... )).
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index 8fe829cc1b..59e6ce3a2a 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
MAN7_TXT += giteveryday.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitfaq.txt
MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
MAN7_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt b/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt
index aa828dfdc4..c3f2d1a831 100644
--- a/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt
@@ -357,9 +357,6 @@ static void walken_commit_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
...
while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
- if (!commit)
- continue;
-
strbuf_reset(&prettybuf);
pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &prettybuf);
puts(prettybuf.buf);
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d794ca01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Git v2.17.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release is to address the security issue: CVE-2020-5260
+
+Fixes since v2.17.3
+-------------------
+
+ * With a crafted URL that contains a newline in it, the credential
+ helper machinery can be fooled to give credential information for
+ a wrong host. The attack has been made impossible by forbidding
+ a newline character in any value passed via the credential
+ protocol.
+
+Credit for finding the vulnerability goes to Felix Wilhelm of Google
+Project Zero.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2abb821a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Git v2.17.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release is to address a security issue: CVE-2020-11008
+
+Fixes since v2.17.4
+-------------------
+
+ * With a crafted URL that contains a newline or empty host, or lacks
+ a scheme, the credential helper machinery can be fooled into
+ providing credential information that is not appropriate for the
+ protocol in use and host being contacted.
+
+ Unlike the vulnerability CVE-2020-5260 fixed in v2.17.4, the
+ credentials are not for a host of the attacker's choosing; instead,
+ they are for some unspecified host (based on how the configured
+ credential helper handles an absent "host" parameter).
+
+ The attack has been made impossible by refusing to work with
+ under-specified credential patterns.
+
+Credit for finding the vulnerability goes to Carlo Arenas.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25143f0cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.18.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8ef858a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.18.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35d0ae561b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.19.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18a4dcbfd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.19.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.19.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6eccd103b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.20.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a9e24e470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.20.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.20.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0fb83bb53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.21.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ca0aa5c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.21.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.21.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57296f6d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.22.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b5f3e3f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.22.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.22.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b697cbe0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.23.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e35490137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.23.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.23.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0049f65503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.24.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5302e0f73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.24.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.24.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15f7f21f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.25.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0dbb5daeec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.25.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.25.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b4ecb3fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.26.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.4; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d434d0c695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.26.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.26.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+This release merges the security fix that appears in v2.17.5; see
+the release notes for that version for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.27.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.27.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a5c7fff80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.27.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+Git 2.27 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.26
+-------------------
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+
+ * When "git describe C" finds that commit C is pointed by a signed or
+ annotated tag, which records T as its tagname in the object, the
+ command gives T as its answer. Even if the user renames or moves
+ such a tag from its natural location in the "refs/tags/" hierarchy,
+ "git describe C" would still give T as the answer, but in such a
+ case "git show T^0" would no longer work as expected. There may be
+ nothing at "refs/tags/T" or even worse there may be a different tag
+ instead.
+
+ Starting from this version, "git describe" will always use the
+ "long" version, as if the "--long" option were given, when giving
+ its output based on such a misplaced tag to work around the problem.
+
+ * "git pull" issues a warning message until the pull.rebase
+ configuration variable is explicitly given, which some existing
+ users may find annoying---those who prefer not to rebase need to
+ set the variable to false to squelch the warning.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A handful of options to configure SSL when talking to proxies have
+ been added.
+
+ * Smudge/clean conversion filters are now given more information
+ (e.g. the object of the tree-ish in which the blob being converted
+ appears, in addition to its path, which has already been given).
+
+ * When "git describe C" finds an annotated tag with tagname A to be
+ the best name to explain commit C, and the tag is stored in a
+ "wrong" place in the refs/tags hierarchy, e.g. refs/tags/B, the
+ command gave a warning message but used A (not B) to describe C.
+ If C is exactly at the tag, the describe output would be "A", but
+ "git rev-parse A^0" would not be equal as "git rev-parse C^0". The
+ behavior of the command has been changed to use the "long" form
+ i.e. A-0-gOBJECTNAME, which is correctly interpreted by rev-parse.
+
+ * "git pull" learned to warn when no pull.rebase configuration
+ exists, and neither --[no-]rebase nor --ff-only is given (which
+ would result a merge).
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The advise API has been revamped to allow more systematic enumeration of
+ advice knobs in the future.
+
+ * SHA-256 transition continues.
+
+ * The code to interface with GnuPG has been refactored.
+
+ * "git stash" has kept an escape hatch to use the scripted version
+ for a few releases, which got stale. It has been removed.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.26
+-----------------
+
+ * The real_path() convenience function can easily be misused; with a
+ bit of code refactoring in the callers' side, its use has been
+ eliminated.
+ (merge 49d3c4b481 am/real-path-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Update "git p4" to work with Python 3.
+ (merge 6bb40ed20a yz/p4-py3 later to maint).
+
+ * The mechanism to prevent "git commit" from making an empty commit
+ or amending during an interrupted cherry-pick was broken during the
+ rewrite of "git rebase" in C, which has been corrected.
+ (merge 430b75f720 pw/advise-rebase-skip later to maint).
+
+ * Fix "git checkout --recurse-submodules" of a nested submodule
+ hierarchy.
+ (merge 846f34d351 pb/recurse-submodules-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The "--fork-point" mode of "git rebase" regressed when the command
+ was rewritten in C back in 2.20 era, which has been corrected.
+ (merge f08132f889 at/rebase-fork-point-regression-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
+ (merge 564956f358 jc/maintain-doc later to maint).
+ (merge 7422b2a0a1 sg/commit-slab-clarify-peek later to maint).
+ (merge 9c688735f6 rs/doc-passthru-fetch-options later to maint).
+ (merge 757c2ba3e2 en/oidset-uninclude-hashmap later to maint).
+ (merge 8312aa7d74 jc/config-tar later to maint).
+ (merge d00a5bdd50 ss/submodule-foreach-cb later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 08b13ba72b..2450589a0e 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -447,6 +447,8 @@ include::config/submodule.txt[]
include::config/tag.txt[]
+include::config/tar.txt[]
+
include::config/trace2.txt[]
include::config/transfer.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/feature.txt b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
index 875f8c8a66..4e3a5c0ceb 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/feature.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ feature.experimental::
setting if you are interested in providing feedback on experimental
features. The new default values are:
+
-* `pack.useSparse=true` uses a new algorithm when constructing a pack-file
-which can improve `git push` performance in repos with many files.
-+
* `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm=skipping` may improve fetch negotiation times by
skipping more commits at a time, reducing the number of round trips.
+
diff --git a/Documentation/config/http.txt b/Documentation/config/http.txt
index e806033aab..3968fbb697 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/http.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/http.txt
@@ -29,6 +29,27 @@ http.proxyAuthMethod::
* `ntlm` - NTLM authentication (compare the --ntlm option of `curl(1)`)
--
+http.proxySSLCert::
+ The pathname of a file that stores a client certificate to use to authenticate
+ with an HTTPS proxy. Can be overridden by the `GIT_PROXY_SSL_CERT` environment
+ variable.
+
+http.proxySSLKey::
+ The pathname of a file that stores a private key to use to authenticate with
+ an HTTPS proxy. Can be overridden by the `GIT_PROXY_SSL_KEY` environment
+ variable.
+
+http.proxySSLCertPasswordProtected::
+ Enable Git's password prompt for the proxy SSL certificate. Otherwise OpenSSL
+ will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the certificate or private key
+ is encrypted. Can be overriden by the `GIT_PROXY_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED`
+ environment variable.
+
+http.proxySSLCAInfo::
+ Pathname to the file containing the certificate bundle that should be used to
+ verify the proxy with when using an HTTPS proxy. Can be overriden by the
+ `GIT_PROXY_SSL_CAINFO` environment variable.
+
http.emptyAuth::
Attempt authentication without seeking a username or password. This
can be used to attempt GSS-Negotiate authentication without specifying
diff --git a/Documentation/config/pack.txt b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
index 0dac580581..837f1b1679 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/pack.txt
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ pack.useSparse::
objects. This can have significant performance benefits when
computing a pack to send a small change. However, it is possible
that extra objects are added to the pack-file if the included
- commits contain certain types of direct renames. Default is `false`
- unless `feature.experimental` is enabled.
+ commits contain certain types of direct renames. Default is
+ `true`.
pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/stash.txt b/Documentation/config/stash.txt
index abc7ef4a3a..00eb35434e 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/stash.txt
@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
stash.useBuiltin::
- Set to `false` to use the legacy shell script implementation of
- linkgit:git-stash[1]. Is `true` by default, which means use
- the built-in rewrite of it in C.
-+
-The C rewrite is first included with Git version 2.22 (and Git for Windows
-version 2.19). This option serves as an escape hatch to re-enable the
-legacy version in case any bugs are found in the rewrite. This option and
-the shell script version of linkgit:git-stash[1] will be removed in some
-future release.
-+
-If you find some reason to set this option to `false`, other than
-one-off testing, you should report the behavior difference as a bug in
-Git (see https://git-scm.com/community for details).
+ Unused configuration variable. Used in Git versions 2.22 to
+ 2.26 as an escape hatch to enable the legacy shellscript
+ implementation of stash. Now the built-in rewrite of it in C
+ is always used. Setting this will emit a warning, to alert any
+ remaining users that setting this now does nothing.
stash.showPatch::
If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an
diff --git a/Documentation/config/tag.txt b/Documentation/config/tag.txt
index 6d9110d84c..5062a057ff 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/tag.txt
@@ -15,10 +15,3 @@ tag.gpgSign::
convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your gpg passphrase
several times. Note that this option doesn't affect tag signing
behavior enabled by "-u <keyid>" or "--local-user=<keyid>" options.
-
-tar.umask::
- This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
- tar archive entries. The default is 0002, which turns off the
- world write bit. The special value "user" indicates that the
- archiving user's umask will be used instead. See umask(2) and
- linkgit:git-archive[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/tar.txt b/Documentation/config/tar.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de8ff48ea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/tar.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+tar.umask::
+ This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
+ tar archive entries. The default is 0002, which turns off the
+ world write bit. The special value "user" indicates that the
+ archiving user's umask will be used instead. See umask(2) and
+ linkgit:git-archive[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/config/trace2.txt b/Documentation/config/trace2.txt
index 4ce0b9a6d1..01d3afd8a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/trace2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/trace2.txt
@@ -48,6 +48,15 @@ trace2.configParams::
May be overridden by the `GIT_TRACE2_CONFIG_PARAMS` environment
variable. Unset by default.
+trace2.envVars::
+ A comma-separated list of "important" environment variables that should
+ be recorded in the trace2 output. For example,
+ `GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT,GIT_CONFIG` would cause the trace2 output to
+ contain events listing the overrides for HTTP user agent and the
+ location of the Git configuration file (assuming any are set). May be
+ overriden by the `GIT_TRACE2_ENV_VARS` environment variable. Unset by
+ default.
+
trace2.destinationDebug::
Boolean. When true Git will print error messages when a
trace target destination cannot be opened for writing.
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index a115a1ae0e..05709f67a1 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -61,10 +61,8 @@ this option multiple times, one for each matching ref name.
See also the `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm` configuration variable
documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
-ifndef::git-pull[]
--dry-run::
Show what would be done, without making any changes.
-endif::git-pull[]
-f::
--force::
@@ -95,6 +93,7 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
--[no-]write-commit-graph::
Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config
setting `fetch.writeCommitGraph`.
+endif::git-pull[]
-p::
--prune::
@@ -107,6 +106,7 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also
subject to pruning. Supplying `--prune-tags` is a shorthand for
providing the tag refspec.
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+
See the PRUNING section below for more details.
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ endif::git-pull[]
behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagOpt
setting. See linkgit:git-config[1].
-ifndef::git-pull[]
--refmap=<refspec>::
When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the
specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
@@ -154,6 +153,7 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the
destination of an explicit refspec; see `--prune`).
+ifndef::git-pull[]
--recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
populated submodules should be fetched too. It can be used as a
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
when the superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule's
reference to a commit that isn't already in the local submodule
clone.
+endif::git-pull[]
-j::
--jobs=<n>::
@@ -177,9 +178,11 @@ parallel. To control them independently, use the config settings
Typically, parallel recursive and multi-remote fetches will be faster. By
default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.
+ifndef::git-pull[]
--no-recurse-submodules::
Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
using the `--recurse-submodules=no` option).
+endif::git-pull[]
--set-upstream::
If the remote is fetched successfully, pull and add upstream
@@ -188,6 +191,7 @@ default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.
see `branch.<name>.merge` and `branch.<name>.remote` in
linkgit:git-config[1].
+ifndef::git-pull[]
--submodule-prefix=<path>::
Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages
such as "Fetching submodule foo". This option is used
@@ -200,7 +204,6 @@ default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.
recursion (such as settings in linkgit:gitmodules[5] and
linkgit:git-config[1]) override this option, as does
specifying --[no-]recurse-submodules directly.
-endif::git-pull[]
-u::
--update-head-ok::
@@ -210,6 +213,7 @@ endif::git-pull[]
to communicate with 'git fetch', and unless you are
implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
use it.
+endif::git-pull[]
--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index bf24f1813a..08d6045c4a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
[--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
[--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--no-tags]
[--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]] [--[no-]shallow-submodules]
- [--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--sparse] [--] <repository>
+ [--[no-]remote-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--sparse]
+ [--filter=<filter>] [--] <repository>
[<directory>]
DESCRIPTION
@@ -162,6 +163,16 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
of the repository. The sparse-checkout file can be
modified to grow the working directory as needed.
+--filter=<filter-spec>::
+ Use the partial clone feature and request that the server sends
+ a subset of reachable objects according to a given object filter.
+ When using `--filter`, the supplied `<filter-spec>` is used for
+ the partial clone filter. For example, `--filter=blob:none` will
+ filter out all blobs (file contents) until needed by Git. Also,
+ `--filter=blob:limit=<size>` will filter out all blobs of size
+ at least `<size>`. For more details on filter specifications, see
+ the `--filter` option in linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
+
--mirror::
Set up a mirror of the source repository. This implies `--bare`.
Compared to `--bare`, `--mirror` not only maps local branches of the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index 7889f95940..77c6b3d001 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -122,6 +122,26 @@ Locations of Marks Files
Relative and non-relative marks may be combined by interweaving
--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks= options.
+Submodule Rewriting
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--rewrite-submodules-from=<name>:<file>::
+--rewrite-submodules-to=<name>:<file>::
+ Rewrite the object IDs for the submodule specified by <name> from the values
+ used in the from <file> to those used in the to <file>. The from marks should
+ have been created by `git fast-export`, and the to marks should have been
+ created by `git fast-import` when importing that same submodule.
++
+<name> may be any arbitrary string not containing a colon character, but the
+same value must be used with both options when specifying corresponding marks.
+Multiple submodules may be specified with different values for <name>. It is an
+error not to use these options in corresponding pairs.
++
+These options are primarily useful when converting a repository from one hash
+algorithm to another; without them, fast-import will fail if it encounters a
+submodule because it has no way of writing the object ID into the new hash
+algorithm.
+
Performance and Compression Tuning
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index 32880aafb0..adc6adfd38 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git init' [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template_directory>]
- [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
+ [--separate-git-dir <git dir>] [--object-format=<format]
[--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]
@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ Only print error and warning messages; all other output will be suppressed.
Create a bare repository. If `GIT_DIR` environment is not set, it is set to the
current working directory.
+--object-format=<format>::
+
+Specify the given object format (hash algorithm) for the repository. The valid
+values are 'sha1' and (if enabled) 'sha256'. 'sha1' is the default.
+
--template=<template_directory>::
Specify the directory from which templates will be used. (See the "TEMPLATE
diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
index 3494a1db3e..dab9609013 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
@@ -374,14 +374,55 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
been submitted. Implies --disable-rebase. Can also be set with
git-p4.disableP4Sync. Sync with origin/master still goes ahead if possible.
-Hook for submit
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Hooks for submit
+----------------
+
+p4-pre-submit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
The `p4-pre-submit` hook is executed if it exists and is executable.
The hook takes no parameters and nothing from standard input. Exiting with
non-zero status from this script prevents `git-p4 submit` from launching.
+It can be bypassed with the `--no-verify` command line option.
One usage scenario is to run unit tests in the hook.
+p4-prepare-changelist
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The `p4-prepare-changelist` hook is executed right after preparing
+the default changelist message and before the editor is started.
+It takes one parameter, the name of the file that contains the
+changelist text. Exiting with a non-zero status from the script
+will abort the process.
+
+The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place,
+and it is not supressed by the `--no-verify` option. This hook
+is called even if `--prepare-p4-only` is set.
+
+p4-changelist
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The `p4-changelist` hook is executed after the changelist
+message has been edited by the user. It can be bypassed with the
+`--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the name
+of the file that holds the proposed changelist text. Exiting
+with a non-zero status causes the command to abort.
+
+The hook is allowed to edit the changelist file and can be used
+to normalize the text into some project standard format. It can
+also be used to refuse the Submit after inspect the message file.
+
+p4-post-changelist
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The `p4-post-changelist` hook is invoked after the submit has
+successfully occured in P4. It takes no parameters and is meant
+primarily for notification and cannot affect the outcome of the
+git p4 submit action.
+
+
+
Rebase options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index fecdf2600c..eaa2f2a404 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
[--local] [--incremental] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
[--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--keep-pack=<pack-name>]
[--stdout [--filter=<filter-spec>] | base-name]
- [--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] [--sparse] < object-list
+ [--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] [--[no-]sparse] < object-list
DESCRIPTION
@@ -196,14 +196,16 @@ depth is 4095.
Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
level on all data no matter the source.
---sparse::
- Use the "sparse" algorithm to determine which objects to include in
+--[no-]sparse::
+ Toggle the "sparse" algorithm to determine which objects to include in
the pack, when combined with the "--revs" option. This algorithm
only walks trees that appear in paths that introduce new objects.
This can have significant performance benefits when computing
a pack to send a small change. However, it is possible that extra
objects are added to the pack-file if the included commits contain
- certain types of direct renames.
+ certain types of direct renames. If this option is not included,
+ it defaults to the value of `pack.useSparse`, which is true unless
+ otherwise specified.
--thin::
Create a "thin" pack by omitting the common objects between a
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index f7a6033607..46ddf172d9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES
-----------------------
git rebase has two primary backends: apply and merge. (The apply
-backend used to known as the 'am' backend, but the name led to
+backend used to be known as the 'am' backend, but the name led to
confusion as it looks like a verb instead of a noun. Also, the merge
backend used to be known as the interactive backend, but it is now
used for non-interactive cases as well. Both were renamed based on
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index b0672bd806..9d6769e95a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -493,6 +493,12 @@ double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value
details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY...
+`GIT_DEFAULT_HASH_ALGORITHM`::
+ If this variable is set, the default hash algorithm for new
+ repositories will be set to this value. This value is currently
+ ignored when cloning; the setting of the remote repository
+ is used instead. The default is "sha1".
+
Git Commits
~~~~~~~~~~~
`GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`::
diff --git a/Documentation/gitfaq.txt b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1cf83df118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+gitfaq(7)
+=========
+
+NAME
+----
+gitfaq - Frequently asked questions about using Git
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+gitfaq
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+The examples in this FAQ assume a standard POSIX shell, like `bash` or `dash`,
+and a user, A U Thor, who has the account `author` on the hosting provider
+`git.example.org`.
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+[[user-name]]
+What should I put in `user.name`?::
+ You should put your personal name, generally a form using a given name
+ and family name. For example, the current maintainer of Git uses "Junio
+ C Hamano". This will be the name portion that is stored in every commit
+ you make.
++
+This configuration doesn't have any effect on authenticating to remote services;
+for that, see `credential.username` in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+[[http-postbuffer]]
+What does `http.postBuffer` really do?::
+ This option changes the size of the buffer that Git uses when pushing
+ data to a remote over HTTP or HTTPS. If the data is larger than this
+ size, libcurl, which handles the HTTP support for Git, will use chunked
+ transfer encoding since it isn't known ahead of time what the size of
+ the pushed data will be.
++
+Leaving this value at the default size is fine unless you know that either the
+remote server or a proxy in the middle doesn't support HTTP/1.1 (which
+introduced the chunked transfer encoding) or is known to be broken with chunked
+data. This is often (erroneously) suggested as a solution for generic push
+problems, but since almost every server and proxy supports at least HTTP/1.1,
+raising this value usually doesn't solve most push problems. A server or proxy
+that didn't correctly support HTTP/1.1 and chunked transfer encoding wouldn't be
+that useful on the Internet today, since it would break lots of traffic.
++
+Note that increasing this value will increase the memory used on every relevant
+push that Git does over HTTP or HTTPS, since the entire buffer is allocated
+regardless of whether or not it is all used. Thus, it's best to leave it at the
+default unless you are sure you need a different value.
+
+[[configure-editor]]
+How do I configure a different editor?::
+ If you haven't specified an editor specifically for Git, it will by default
+ use the editor you've configured using the `VISUAL` or `EDITOR` environment
+ variables, or if neither is specified, the system default (which is usually
+ `vi`). Since some people find `vi` difficult to use or prefer a different
+ editor, it may be desirable to change the editor used.
++
+If you want to configure a general editor for most programs which need one, you
+can edit your shell configuration (e.g., `~/.bashrc` or `~/.zshenv`) to contain
+a line setting the `EDITOR` or `VISUAL` environment variable to an appropriate
+value. For example, if you prefer the editor `nano`, then you could write the
+following:
++
+----
+export VISUAL=nano
+----
++
+If you want to configure an editor specifically for Git, you can either set the
+`core.editor` configuration value or the `GIT_EDITOR` environment variable. You
+can see linkgit:git-var[1] for details on the order in which these options are
+consulted.
++
+Note that in all cases, the editor value will be passed to the shell, so any
+arguments containing spaces should be appropriately quoted. Additionally, if
+your editor normally detaches from the terminal when invoked, you should specify
+it with an argument that makes it not do that, or else Git will not see any
+changes. An example of a configuration addressing both of these issues on
+Windows would be the configuration `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe" --nofork`,
+which quotes the filename with spaces and specifies the `--nofork` option to
+avoid backgrounding the process.
+
+Credentials
+-----------
+
+[[http-credentials]]
+How do I specify my credentials when pushing over HTTP?::
+ The easiest way to do this is to use a credential helper via the
+ `credential.helper` configuration. Most systems provide a standard
+ choice to integrate with the system credential manager. For example,
+ Git for Windows provides the `wincred` credential manager, macOS has the
+ `osxkeychain` credential manager, and Unix systems with a standard
+ desktop environment can use the `libsecret` credential manager. All of
+ these store credentials in an encrypted store to keep your passwords or
+ tokens secure.
++
+In addition, you can use the `store` credential manager which stores in a file
+in your home directory, or the `cache` credential manager, which does not
+permanently store your credentials, but does prevent you from being prompted for
+them for a certain period of time.
++
+You can also just enter your password when prompted. While it is possible to
+place the password (which must be percent-encoded) in the URL, this is not
+particularly secure and can lead to accidental exposure of credentials, so it is
+not recommended.
+
+[[http-credentials-environment]]
+How do I read a password or token from an environment variable?::
+ The `credential.helper` configuration option can also take an arbitrary
+ shell command that produces the credential protocol on standard output.
+ This is useful when passing credentials into a container, for example.
++
+Such a shell command can be specified by starting the option value with an
+exclamation point. If your password or token were stored in the `GIT_TOKEN`,
+you could run the following command to set your credential helper:
++
+----
+$ git config credential.helper \
+ '!f() { echo username=author; echo "password=$GIT_TOKEN"; };f'
+----
+
+[[http-reset-credentials]]
+How do I change the password or token I've saved in my credential manager?::
+ Usually, if the password or token is invalid, Git will erase it and
+ prompt for a new one. However, there are times when this doesn't always
+ happen. To change the password or token, you can erase the existing
+ credentials and then Git will prompt for new ones. To erase
+ credentials, use a syntax like the following (substituting your username
+ and the hostname):
++
+----
+$ echo url=https://author@git.example.org | git credential reject
+----
+
+[[multiple-accounts-http]]
+How do I use multiple accounts with the same hosting provider using HTTP?::
+ Usually the easiest way to distinguish between these accounts is to use
+ the username in the URL. For example, if you have the accounts `author`
+ and `committer` on `git.example.org`, you can use the URLs
+ https://author@git.example.org/org1/project1.git and
+ https://committer@git.example.org/org2/project2.git. This way, when you
+ use a credential helper, it will automatically try to look up the
+ correct credentials for your account. If you already have a remote set
+ up, you can change the URL with something like `git remote set-url
+ origin https://author@git.example.org/org1/project1.git` (see
+ linkgit:git-remote[1] for details).
+
+[[multiple-accounts-ssh]]
+How do I use multiple accounts with the same hosting provider using SSH?::
+ With most hosting providers that support SSH, a single key pair uniquely
+ identifies a user. Therefore, to use multiple accounts, it's necessary
+ to create a key pair for each account. If you're using a reasonably
+ modern OpenSSH version, you can create a new key pair with something
+ like `ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_committer`. You can then
+ register the public key (in this case, `~/.ssh/id_committer.pub`; note
+ the `.pub`) with the hosting provider.
++
+Most hosting providers use a single SSH account for pushing; that is, all users
+push to the `git` account (e.g., `git@git.example.org`). If that's the case for
+your provider, you can set up multiple aliases in SSH to make it clear which key
+pair to use. For example, you could write something like the following in
+`~/.ssh/config`, substituting the proper private key file:
++
+----
+# This is the account for author on git.example.org.
+Host example_author
+ HostName git.example.org
+ User git
+ # This is the key pair registered for author with git.example.org.
+ IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_author
+ IdentitiesOnly yes
+# This is the account for committer on git.example.org.
+Host example_committer
+ HostName git.example.org
+ User git
+ # This is the key pair registered for committer with git.example.org.
+ IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_committer
+ IdentitiesOnly yes
+----
++
+Then, you can adjust your push URL to use `git@example_author` or
+`git@example_committer` instead of `git@example.org` (e.g., `git remote set-url
+git@example_author:org1/project1.git`).
+
+Common Issues
+-------------
+
+[[last-commit-amend]]
+I've made a mistake in the last commit. How do I change it?::
+ You can make the appropriate change to your working tree, run `git add
+ <file>` or `git rm <file>`, as appropriate, to stage it, and then `git
+ commit --amend`. Your change will be included in the commit, and you'll
+ be prompted to edit the commit message again; if you wish to use the
+ original message verbatim, you can use the `--no-edit` option to `git
+ commit` in addition, or just save and quit when your editor opens.
+
+[[undo-previous-change]]
+I've made a change with a bug and it's been included in the main branch. How should I undo it?::
+ The usual way to deal with this is to use `git revert`. This preserves
+ the history that the original change was made and was a valuable
+ contribution, but also introduces a new commit that undoes those changes
+ because the original had a problem. The commit message of the revert
+ indicates the commit which was reverted and is usually edited to include
+ an explanation as to why the revert was made.
+
+[[ignore-tracked-files]]
+How do I ignore changes to a tracked file?::
+ Git doesn't provide a way to do this. The reason is that if Git needs
+ to overwrite this file, such as during a checkout, it doesn't know
+ whether the changes to the file are precious and should be kept, or
+ whether they are irrelevant and can safely be destroyed. Therefore, it
+ has to take the safe route and always preserve them.
++
+It's tempting to try to use certain features of `git update-index`, namely the
+assume-unchanged and skip-worktree bits, but these don't work properly for this
+purpose and shouldn't be used this way.
++
+If your goal is to modify a configuration file, it can often be helpful to have
+a file checked into the repository which is a template or set of defaults which
+can then be copied alongside and modified as appropriate. This second, modified
+file is usually ignored to prevent accidentally committing it.
+
+Hooks
+-----
+
+[[restrict-with-hooks]]
+How do I use hooks to prevent users from making certain changes?::
+ The only safe place to make these changes is on the remote repository
+ (i.e., the Git server), usually in the `pre-receive` hook or in a
+ continuous integration (CI) system. These are the locations in which
+ policy can be enforced effectively.
++
+It's common to try to use `pre-commit` hooks (or, for commit messages,
+`commit-msg` hooks) to check these things, which is great if you're working as a
+solo developer and want the tooling to help you. However, using hooks on a
+developer machine is not effective as a policy control because a user can bypass
+these hooks with `--no-verify` without being noticed (among various other ways).
+Git assumes that the user is in control of their local repositories and doesn't
+try to prevent this or tattle on the user.
++
+In addition, some advanced users find `pre-commit` hooks to be an impediment to
+workflows that use temporary commits to stage work in progress or that create
+fixup commits, so it's better to push these kinds of checks to the server
+anyway.
+
+Cross-Platform Issues
+---------------------
+
+[[windows-text-binary]]
+I'm on Windows and my text files are detected as binary.::
+ Git works best when you store text files as UTF-8. Many programs on
+ Windows support UTF-8, but some do not and only use the little-endian
+ UTF-16 format, which Git detects as binary. If you can't use UTF-8 with
+ your programs, you can specify a working tree encoding that indicates
+ which encoding your files should be checked out with, while still
+ storing these files as UTF-8 in the repository. This allows tools like
+ linkgit:git-diff[1] to work as expected, while still allowing your tools
+ to work.
++
+To do so, you can specify a linkgit:gitattributes[5] pattern with the
+`working-tree-encoding` attribute. For example, the following pattern sets all
+C files to use UTF-16LE-BOM, which is a common encoding on Windows:
++
+----
+*.c working-tree-encoding=UTF-16LE-BOM
+----
++
+You will need to run `git add --renormalize` to have this take effect. Note
+that if you are making these changes on a project that is used across platforms,
+you'll probably want to make it in a per-user configuration file or in the one
+in `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`, since making it in a `.gitattributes` file in the
+repository will apply to all users of the repository.
++
+See the following entry for information about normalizing line endings as well,
+and see linkgit:gitattributes[5] for more information about attribute files.
+
+[[windows-diff-control-m]]
+I'm on Windows and git diff shows my files as having a `^M` at the end.::
+ By default, Git expects files to be stored with Unix line endings. As such,
+ the carriage return (`^M`) that is part of a Windows line ending is shown
+ because it is considered to be trailing whitespace. Git defaults to showing
+ trailing whitespace only on new lines, not existing ones.
++
+You can store the files in the repository with Unix line endings and convert
+them automatically to your platform's line endings. To do that, set the
+configuration option `core.eol` to `native` and see the following entry for
+information about how to configure files as text or binary.
++
+You can also control this behavior with the `core.whitespace` setting if you
+don't wish to remove the carriage returns from your line endings.
+
+[[recommended-storage-settings]]
+What's the recommended way to store files in Git?::
+ While Git can store and handle any file of any type, there are some
+ settings that work better than others. In general, we recommend that
+ text files be stored in UTF-8 without a byte-order mark (BOM) with LF
+ (Unix-style) endings. We also recommend the use of UTF-8 (again,
+ without BOM) in commit messages. These are the settings that work best
+ across platforms and with tools such as `git diff` and `git merge`.
++
+Additionally, if you have a choice between storage formats that are text based
+or non-text based, we recommend storing files in the text format and, if
+necessary, transforming them into the other format. For example, a text-based
+SQL dump with one record per line will work much better for diffing and merging
+than an actual database file. Similarly, text-based formats such as Markdown
+and AsciiDoc will work better than binary formats such as Microsoft Word and
+PDF.
++
+Similarly, storing binary dependencies (e.g., shared libraries or JAR files) or
+build products in the repository is generally not recommended. Dependencies and
+build products are best stored on an artifact or package server with only
+references, URLs, and hashes stored in the repository.
++
+We also recommend setting a linkgit:gitattributes[5] file to explicitly mark
+which files are text and which are binary. If you want Git to guess, you can
+set the attribute `text=auto`. For example, the following might be appropriate
+in some projects:
++
+----
+# By default, guess.
+* text=auto
+# Mark all C files as text.
+*.c text
+# Mark all JPEG files as binary.
+*.jpg binary
+----
++
+These settings help tools pick the right format for output such as patches and
+result in files being checked out in the appropriate line ending for the
+platform.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index 3dccab5375..81f2a87e88 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -522,12 +522,61 @@ The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the
hook to limit its search. On error, it will fall back to verifying
all files and folders.
+p4-changelist
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`.
+
+The `p4-changelist` hook is executed after the changelist
+message has been edited by the user. It can be bypassed with the
+`--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the name
+of the file that holds the proposed changelist text. Exiting
+with a non-zero status causes the command to abort.
+
+The hook is allowed to edit the changelist file and can be used
+to normalize the text into some project standard format. It can
+also be used to refuse the Submit after inspect the message file.
+
+Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
+
+p4-prepare-changelist
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`.
+
+The `p4-prepare-changelist` hook is executed right after preparing
+the default changelist message and before the editor is started.
+It takes one parameter, the name of the file that contains the
+changelist text. Exiting with a non-zero status from the script
+will abort the process.
+
+The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place,
+and it is not supressed by the `--no-verify` option. This hook
+is called even if `--prepare-p4-only` is set.
+
+Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
+
+p4-post-changelist
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`.
+
+The `p4-post-changelist` hook is invoked after the submit has
+successfully occured in P4. It takes no parameters and is meant
+primarily for notification and cannot affect the outcome of the
+git p4 submit action.
+
+Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
+
p4-pre-submit
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This hook is invoked by `git-p4 submit`. It takes no parameters and nothing
from standard input. Exiting with non-zero status from this script prevent
-`git-p4 submit` from launching. Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
+`git-p4 submit` from launching. It can be bypassed with the `--no-verify`
+command line option. Run `git-p4 submit --help` for details.
+
+
post-index-change
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
index ca4378740c..73be8b49f8 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -154,15 +154,17 @@ by doing the following:
- Anything unobvious that is applicable to 'master' (in other
words, does not depend on anything that is still in 'next'
and not in 'master') is applied to a new topic branch that
- is forked from the tip of 'master'. This includes both
+ is forked from the tip of 'master' (or the last feature release,
+ which is a bit older than 'master'). This includes both
enhancements and unobvious fixes to 'master'. A topic
branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is two-letter string
named after author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name
of the topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
- An unobvious fix meant for 'maint' is applied to a new
- topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint'. The
- topic is named as ai/maint-topic.
+ topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint' (or the
+ oldest and still relevant maintenance branch). The
+ topic may be named as ai/maint-topic.
- Changes that pertain to an existing topic are applied to
the branch, but:
@@ -174,24 +176,40 @@ by doing the following:
- Replacement patches to an existing topic are accepted only
for commits not in 'next'.
- The above except the "replacement" are all done with:
+ The initial round is done with:
$ git checkout ai/topic ;# or "git checkout -b ai/topic master"
$ git am -sc3 mailbox
- while patch replacement is often done by:
+ and replacing an existing topic with subsequent round is done with:
- $ git format-patch ai/topic~$n..ai/topic ;# export existing
+ $ git checkout master...ai/topic ;# try to reapply to the same base
+ $ git am -sc3 mailbox
+
+ to prepare the new round on a detached HEAD, and then
+
+ $ git range-diff @{-1}...
+ $ git diff @{-1}
- then replace some parts with the new patch, and reapplying:
+ to double check what changed since the last round, and finally
- $ git checkout ai/topic
- $ git reset --hard ai/topic~$n
- $ git am -sc3 -s 000*.txt
+ $ git checkout -B @{-1}
+
+ to conclude (the last step is why a topic already in 'next' is
+ not replaced but updated incrementally).
+
+ Whether it is the initial round or a subsequent round, the topic
+ may not build even in isolation, or may break the build when
+ merged to integration branches due to bugs. There may already
+ be obvious and trivial improvements suggested on the list. The
+ maintainer often adds an extra commit, with "SQUASH???" in its
+ title, to fix things up, before publishing the integration
+ branches to make it usable by other developers for testing.
+ These changes are what the maintainer is not 100% committed to
+ (trivial typofixes etc. are often squashed directly into the
+ patches that need fixing, without being applied as a separate
+ "SQUASH???" commit), so that they can be removed easily as needed.
- The full test suite is always run for 'maint' and 'master'
- after patch application; for topic branches the tests are run
- as time permits.
- Merge maint to master as needed:
@@ -371,6 +389,14 @@ Some observations to be made.
be included in the next feature release. Being in the
'master' branch typically is.
+ * Due to the nature of "SQUASH???" fix-ups, if the original author
+ agrees with the suggested changes, it is OK to squash them to
+ appropriate patches in the next round (when the suggested change
+ is small enough, the author should not even bother with
+ "Helped-by"). It is also OK to drop them from the next round
+ when the original author does not agree with the suggestion, but
+ the author is expected to say why somewhere in the discussion.
+
Appendix
--------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
index 4f07ceadcb..6b6085585d 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt
@@ -656,7 +656,8 @@ The "exec_id" field is a command-unique id and is only useful if the
------------
`"def_param"`::
- This event is generated to log a global parameter.
+ This event is generated to log a global parameter, such as a config
+ setting, command-line flag, or environment variable.
+
------------
{