diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
38 files changed, 983 insertions, 220 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index b980407059..81d1bf7a04 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt +MAN5_TXT += gitmailmap.txt MAN5_TXT += gitmodules.txt MAN5_TXT += gitrepository-layout.txt MAN5_TXT += gitweb.conf.txt diff --git a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt index 7c9a037cc2..af0a9da62e 100644 --- a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt +++ b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt @@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ mention the right animal somewhere: ---- test_expect_success 'runs correctly with no args and good output' ' git psuh >actual && - test_i18ngrep Pony actual + grep Pony actual ' ---- diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.31.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.31.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aae9204663 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.31.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +Git 2.31 Release Notes +====================== + +Updates since v2.30 +------------------- + +Backward incompatible and other important changes + + * The "pack-redundant" command, which has been left stale with almost + unusable performance issues, now warns loudly when it gets used, as + we no longer want to recommend its use (instead just "repack -d" + instead). + + * The development community has adopted Contributor Covenant v2.0 to + update from v1.4 that we have been using. + + * The support for deprecated PCRE1 library has been dropped. + + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * The "--format=%(trailers)" mechanism gets enhanced to make it + easier to design output for machine consumption. + + * When a user does not tell "git pull" to use rebase or merge, the + command gives a loud message telling a user to choose between + rebase or merge but creates a merge anyway, forcing users who would + want to rebase to redo the operation. Fix an early part of this + problem by tightening the condition to give the message---there is + no reason to stop or force the user to choose between rebase or + merge if the history fast-forwards. + + * The configuration variable 'core.abbrev' can be set to 'no' to + force no abbreviation regardless of the hash algorithm. + + * "git rev-parse" can be explicitly told to give output as absolute + or relative path with the `--path-format=(absolute|relative)` option. + + * Bash completion (in contrib/) update to make it easier for + end-users to add completion for their custom "git" subcommands. + + * "git maintenance" learned to drive scheduled maintenance on + platforms whose native scheduling methods are not 'cron'. + + * After expiring a reflog and making a single commit, the reflog for + the branch would record a single entry that knows both @{0} and + @{1}, but we failed to answer "what commit were we on?", i.e. @{1} + + * "git bundle" learns "--stdin" option to read its refs from the + standard input. Also, it now does not lose refs whey they point + at the same object. + + * "git log" learned a new "--diff-merges=<how>" option. + + * "git ls-files" can and does show multiple entries when the index is + unmerged, which is a source for confusion unless -s/-u option is in + use. A new option --deduplicate has been introduced. + + * `git worktree list` now annotates worktrees as prunable, shows + locked and prunable attributes in --porcelain mode, and gained + a --verbose option. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. + + * A 3-year old test that was not testing anything useful has been + corrected. + + * Retire more names with "sha1" in it. + + * The topological walk codepath is covered by new trace2 stats. + + * Update the Code-of-conduct to version 2.0 from the upstream (we've + been using version 1.4). + + * "git mktag" validates its input using its own rules before writing + a tag object---it has been updated to share the logic with "git + fsck". + + * Two new ways to feed configuration variable-value pairs via + environment variables have been introduced, and the way + GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS encodes variable/value pairs has been tweaked + to make it more robust. + + * Tests have been updated so that they do not to get affected by the + name of the default branch "git init" creates. + + * "git fetch" learns to treat ref updates atomically in all-or-none + fashion, just like "git push" does, with the new "--atomic" option. + + * The peel_ref() API has been replaced with peel_iterated_oid(). + + * The .use_shell flag in struct child_process that is passed to + run_command() API has been clarified with a bit more documentation. + + * Document, clean-up and optimize the code around the cache-tree + extension in the index. + + * The ls-refs protocol operation has been optimized to narrow the + sub-hierarchy of refs/ it walks to produce response. + + * When removing many branches and tags, the code used to do so one + ref at a time. There is another API it can use to delete multiple + refs, and it makes quite a lot of performance difference when the + refs are packed. + + * The "pack-objects" command needs to iterate over all the tags when + automatic tag following is enabled, but it actually iterated over + all refs and then discarded everything outside "refs/tags/" + hierarchy, which was quite wasteful. + + * A perf script was made more portable. + + * Our setting of GitHub CI test jobs were a bit too eager to give up + once there is even one failure found. Tweak the knob to allow + other jobs keep running even when we see a failure, so that we can + find more failures in a single run. + + * We've carried compatibility codepaths for compilers without + variadic macros for quite some time, but the world may be ready for + them to be removed. Force compilation failure on exotic platforms + where variadic macros are not available to find out who screams in + such a way that we can easily revert if it turns out that the world + is not yet ready. + + * Code clean-up to ensure our use of hashtables using object names as + keys use the "struct object_id" objects, not the raw hash values. + + * Lose the debugging aid that may have been useful in the past, but + no longer is, in the "grep" codepaths. + + * Some pretty-format specifiers do not need the data in commit object + (e.g. "%H"), but we were over-eager to load and parse it, which has + been made even lazier. + + * Get rid of "GETTEXT_POISON" support altogether, which may or may + not be controversial. + + * Introduce an on-disk file to record revindex for packdata, which + traditionally was always created on the fly and only in-core. + + +Fixes since v2.30 +----------------- + + * Diagnose command line error of "git rebase" early. + + * Clean up option descriptions in "git cmd --help". + + * "git stash" did not work well in a sparsely checked out working + tree. + + * Some tests expect that "ls -l" output has either '-' or 'x' for + group executable bit, but setgid bit can be inherited from parent + directory and make these fields 'S' or 's' instead, causing test + failures. + + * "git for-each-repo --config=<var> <cmd>" should not run <cmd> for + any repository when the configuration variable <var> is not defined + even once. + + * Fix 2.29 regression where "git mergetool --tool-help" fails to list + all the available tools. + + * Fix for procedure to building CI test environment for mac. + + * The implementation of "git branch --sort" wrt the detached HEAD + display has always been hacky, which has been cleaned up. + + * Newline characters in the host and path part of git:// URL are + now forbidden. + + * "git diff" showed a submodule working tree with untracked cruft as + "Submodule commit <objectname>-dirty", but a natural expectation is + that the "-dirty" indicator would align with "git describe --dirty", + which does not consider having untracked files in the working tree + as source of dirtiness. The inconsistency has been fixed. + + * When more than one commit with the same patch ID appears on one + side, "git log --cherry-pick A...B" did not exclude them all when a + commit with the same patch ID appears on the other side. Now it + does. + + * Documentation for "git fsck" lost stale bits that has become + incorrect. + + * Doc fix for packfile URI feature. + + * When "git rebase -i" processes "fixup" insn, there is no reason to + clean up the commit log message, but we did the usual stripspace + processing. This has been corrected. + (merge f7d42ceec5 js/rebase-i-commit-cleanup-fix later to maint). + + * Fix in passing custom args from "git clone" to "upload-pack" on the + other side. + (merge ad6b5fefbd jv/upload-pack-filter-spec-quotefix later to maint). + + * The command line completion (in contrib/) completed "git branch -d" + with branch names, but "git branch -D" offered tagnames in addition, + which has been corrected. "git branch -M" had the same problem. + (merge 27dc071b9a jk/complete-branch-force-delete later to maint). + + * When commands are started from a subdirectory, they may have to + compare the path to the subdirectory (called prefix and found out + from $(pwd)) with the tracked paths. On macOS, $(pwd) and + readdir() yield decomposed path, while the tracked paths are + usually normalized to the precomposed form, causing mismatch. This + has been fixed by taking the same approach used to normalize the + command line arguments. + (merge 5c327502db tb/precompose-prefix-too later to maint). + + * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc. + (merge e3f5da7e60 sg/t7800-difftool-robustify later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 6ba50b1104..d08e83a148 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -398,6 +398,8 @@ include::config/interactive.txt[] include::config/log.txt[] +include::config/lsrefs.txt[] + include::config/mailinfo.txt[] include::config/mailmap.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/config/core.txt b/Documentation/config/core.txt index 160aacad84..c04f62a54a 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/core.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/core.txt @@ -625,4 +625,6 @@ core.abbrev:: computed based on the approximate number of packed objects in your repository, which hopefully is enough for abbreviated object names to stay unique for some time. + If set to "no", no abbreviation is made and the object names + are shown in their full length. The minimum length is 4. diff --git a/Documentation/config/diff.txt b/Documentation/config/diff.txt index c3ae136eba..2d3331f55c 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/diff.txt @@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ diff.ignoreSubmodules:: and 'git status' when `status.submoduleSummary` is set unless it is overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command-line option. The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting. + By default this is set to untracked so that any untracked + submodules are ignored. diff.mnemonicPrefix:: If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the diff --git a/Documentation/config/init.txt b/Documentation/config/init.txt index dc77f8c844..79c79d6617 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/init.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/init.txt @@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ init.templateDir:: init.defaultBranch:: Allows overriding the default branch name e.g. when initializing - a new repository or when cloning an empty repository. + a new repository. diff --git a/Documentation/config/lsrefs.txt b/Documentation/config/lsrefs.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..adeda0f24d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/config/lsrefs.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +lsrefs.unborn:: + May be "advertise" (the default), "allow", or "ignore". If "advertise", + the server will respond to the client sending "unborn" (as described in + protocol-v2.txt) and will advertise support for this feature during the + protocol v2 capability advertisement. "allow" is the same as + "advertise" except that the server will not advertise support for this + feature; this is useful for load-balanced servers that cannot be + updated atomically (for example), since the administrator could + configure "allow", then after a delay, configure "advertise". diff --git a/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt b/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt index 16a27443a3..90f76f5b9b 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt @@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ mergetool.<tool>.cmd:: merged; 'MERGED' contains the name of the file to which the merge tool should write the results of a successful merge. +mergetool.<tool>.hideResolved:: + Allows the user to override the global `mergetool.hideResolved` value + for a specific tool. See `mergetool.hideResolved` for the full + description. + mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode:: For a custom merge command, specify whether the exit code of the merge command can be used to determine whether the merge was @@ -40,6 +45,16 @@ mergetool.meld.useAutoMerge:: value of `false` avoids using `--auto-merge` altogether, and is the default value. +mergetool.hideResolved:: + During a merge Git will automatically resolve as many conflicts as + possible and write the 'MERGED' file containing conflict markers around + any conflicts that it cannot resolve; 'LOCAL' and 'REMOTE' normally + represent the versions of the file from before Git's conflict + resolution. This flag causes 'LOCAL' and 'REMOTE' to be overwriten so + that only the unresolved conflicts are presented to the merge tool. Can + be configured per-tool via the `mergetool.<tool>.hideResolved` + configuration variable. Defaults to `true`. + mergetool.keepBackup:: After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension. If this variable diff --git a/Documentation/config/pack.txt b/Documentation/config/pack.txt index 837f1b1679..3da4ea98e2 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/pack.txt @@ -133,3 +133,10 @@ pack.writeBitmapHashCache:: between an older, bitmapped pack and objects that have been pushed since the last gc). The downside is that it consumes 4 bytes per object of disk space. Defaults to true. + +pack.writeReverseIndex:: + When true, git will write a corresponding .rev file (see: + link:../technical/pack-format.html[Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt]) + for each new packfile that it writes in all places except for + linkgit:git-fast-import[1] and in the bulk checkin mechanism. + Defaults to false. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt index b10ff4caa6..2db8eacc3e 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt @@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ Combined diff format Any diff-generating command can take the `-c` or `--cc` option to produce a 'combined diff' when showing a merge. This is the default format when showing merges with linkgit:git-diff[1] or -linkgit:git-show[1]. Note also that you can give the `-m` option to any -of these commands to force generation of diffs with individual parents -of a merge. +linkgit:git-show[1]. Note also that you can give suitable +`--diff-merges` option to any of these commands to force generation of +diffs in specific format. A "combined diff" format looks like this: diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 746b144c76..e5733ccb2d 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -33,6 +33,57 @@ endif::git-diff[] show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of `--patch`. endif::git-format-patch[] +ifdef::git-log[] +--diff-merges=(off|none|first-parent|1|separate|m|combined|c|dense-combined|cc):: +--no-diff-merges:: + Specify diff format to be used for merge commits. Default is + {diff-merges-default} unless `--first-parent` is in use, in which case + `first-parent` is the default. ++ +--diff-merges=(off|none)::: +--no-diff-merges::: + Disable output of diffs for merge commits. Useful to override + implied value. ++ +--diff-merges=first-parent::: +--diff-merges=1::: + This option makes merge commits show the full diff with + respect to the first parent only. ++ +--diff-merges=separate::: +--diff-merges=m::: +-m::: + This makes merge commits show the full diff with respect to + each of the parents. Separate log entry and diff is generated + for each parent. `-m` doesn't produce any output without `-p`. ++ +--diff-merges=combined::: +--diff-merges=c::: +-c::: + With this option, diff output for a merge commit shows the + differences from each of the parents to the merge result + simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a + parent and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists + only files which were modified from all parents. `-c` implies + `-p`. ++ +--diff-merges=dense-combined::: +--diff-merges=cc::: +--cc::: + With this option the output produced by + `--diff-merges=combined` is further compressed by omitting + uninteresting hunks whose contents in the parents have only + two variants and the merge result picks one of them without + modification. `--cc` implies `-p`. + +--combined-all-paths:: + This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to + list the name of the file from all parents. It thus only has + effect when `--diff-merges=[dense-]combined` is in use, and + is likely only useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. + when either rename or copy detection have been requested). +endif::git-log[] + -U<n>:: --unified=<n>:: Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index 2bf77b46fd..07783deee3 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ existing contents of `.git/FETCH_HEAD`. Without this option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten. +--atomic:: + Use an atomic transaction to update local refs. Either all refs are + updated, or on error, no refs are updated. + --depth=<depth>:: Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote branch history. If fetching to a 'shallow' repository diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt index 34b496d485..3bf5d5d8b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ commit commentary), a blame viewer will not care. MAPPING AUTHORS --------------- -include::mailmap.txt[] +See linkgit:gitmailmap[5]. SEE ALSO diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index adaa1782a8..eb815c2248 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename to happen. The `-c` and `-C` options have the exact same semantics as `-m` and -`-M`, except instead of the branch being renamed it along with its -config and reflog will be copied to a new name. +`-M`, except instead of the branch being renamed, it will be copied to a +new name, along with its config and reflog. With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted. You may specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt index aa2055dbeb..02f4418323 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt @@ -36,10 +36,17 @@ name is provided or known to the 'mailmap', ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is printed; otherwise only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed. +CONFIGURATION +------------- + +See `mailmap.file` and `mailmap.blob` in linkgit:git-config[1] for how +to specify a custom `.mailmap` target file or object. + + MAPPING AUTHORS --------------- -include::mailmap.txt[] +See linkgit:gitmailmap[5]. GIT diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index 0e9351d3cb..4b4cc5c5e8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -346,6 +346,22 @@ GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM:: See also <<FILES>>. +GIT_CONFIG_COUNT:: +GIT_CONFIG_KEY_<n>:: +GIT_CONFIG_VALUE_<n>:: + If GIT_CONFIG_COUNT is set to a positive number, all environment pairs + GIT_CONFIG_KEY_<n> and GIT_CONFIG_VALUE_<n> up to that number will be + added to the process's runtime configuration. The config pairs are + zero-indexed. Any missing key or value is treated as an error. An empty + GIT_CONFIG_COUNT is treated the same as GIT_CONFIG_COUNT=0, namely no + pairs are processed. These environment variables will override values + in configuration files, but will be overridden by any explicit options + passed via `git -c`. ++ +This is useful for cases where you want to spawn multiple git commands +with a common configuration but cannot depend on a configuration file, +for example when writing scripts. + [[EXAMPLES]] EXAMPLES diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt index af0c26232c..69ba904d44 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt @@ -9,17 +9,18 @@ git-index-pack - Build pack index file for an existing packed archive SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git index-pack' [-v] [-o <index-file>] <pack-file> +'git index-pack' [-v] [-o <index-file>] [--[no-]rev-index] <pack-file> 'git index-pack' --stdin [--fix-thin] [--keep] [-v] [-o <index-file>] - [<pack-file>] + [--[no-]rev-index] [<pack-file>] DESCRIPTION ----------- Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and -builds a pack index file (.idx) for it. The packed archive -together with the pack index can then be placed in the -objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository. +builds a pack index file (.idx) for it. Optionally writes a +reverse-index (.rev) for the specified pack. The packed +archive together with the pack index can then be placed in +the objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository. OPTIONS @@ -35,6 +36,13 @@ OPTIONS fails if the name of packed archive does not end with .pack). +--[no-]rev-index:: + When this flag is provided, generate a reverse index + (a `.rev` file) corresponding to the given pack. If + `--verify` is given, ensure that the existing + reverse index is correct. Takes precedence over + `pack.writeReverseIndex`. + --stdin:: When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt index dd189a353a..1bbf865a1b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-log.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt @@ -107,47 +107,15 @@ DIFF FORMATTING By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options below can be used to show the changes made by each commit. -Note that unless one of `-c`, `--cc`, or `-m` is given, merge commits -will never show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is -selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception is -when `--first-parent` is in use, in which merges are treated like normal -single-parent commits (this can be overridden by providing a -combined-diff option or with `--no-diff-merges`). - --c:: - With this option, diff output for a merge commit - shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result - simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent - and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files - which were modified from all parents. - ---cc:: - This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the - patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in - the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks - one of them without modification. - ---combined-all-paths:: - This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to - list the name of the file from all parents. It thus only has - effect when -c or --cc are specified, and is likely only - useful if filename changes are detected (i.e. when either - rename or copy detection have been requested). - --m:: - This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like - regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry - and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against - the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given; - in that case, the output represents the changes the merge - brought _into_ the then-current branch. - ---diff-merges=off:: ---no-diff-merges:: - Disable output of diffs for merge commits (default). Useful to - override `-m`, `-c`, or `--cc`. +Note that unless one of `--diff-merges` variants (including short +`-m`, `-c`, and `--cc` options) is explicitly given, merge commits +will not show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is +selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception +is when `--first-parent` is in use, in which case `first-parent` is +the default format. :git-log: 1 +:diff-merges-default: `off` include::diff-options.txt[] include::diff-generate-patch.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt index 0a3b5265b3..6d11ab506b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS (--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])* (-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])* [--eol] + [--deduplicate] [-x <pattern>|--exclude=<pattern>] [-X <file>|--exclude-from=<file>] [--exclude-per-directory=<file>] @@ -80,6 +81,13 @@ OPTIONS \0 line termination on output and do not quote filenames. See OUTPUT below for more information. +--deduplicate:: + When only filenames are shown, suppress duplicates that may + come from having multiple stages during a merge, or giving + `--deleted` and `--modified` option at the same time. + When any of the `-t`, `--unmerged`, or `--stage` option is + in use, this option has no effect. + -x <pattern>:: --exclude=<pattern>:: Skip untracked files matching pattern. diff --git a/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt b/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt index 6fe1e5e105..3b432171d6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt @@ -218,6 +218,122 @@ Further, the `git gc` command should not be combined with but does not take the lock in the same way as `git maintenance run`. If possible, use `git maintenance run --task=gc` instead of `git gc`. +The following sections describe the mechanisms put in place to run +background maintenance by `git maintenance start` and how to customize +them. + +BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON POSIX SYSTEMS +--------------------------------------- + +The standard mechanism for scheduling background tasks on POSIX systems +is cron(8). This tool executes commands based on a given schedule. The +current list of user-scheduled tasks can be found by running `crontab -l`. +The schedule written by `git maintenance start` is similar to this: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- +# BEGIN GIT MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE +# The following schedule was created by Git +# Any edits made in this region might be +# replaced in the future by a Git command. + +0 1-23 * * * "/<path>/git" --exec-path="/<path>" for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=hourly +0 0 * * 1-6 "/<path>/git" --exec-path="/<path>" for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=daily +0 0 * * 0 "/<path>/git" --exec-path="/<path>" for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo maintenance run --schedule=weekly + +# END GIT MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +The comments are used as a region to mark the schedule as written by Git. +Any modifications within this region will be completely deleted by +`git maintenance stop` or overwritten by `git maintenance start`. + +The `crontab` entry specifies the full path of the `git` executable to +ensure that the executed `git` command is the same one with which +`git maintenance start` was issued independent of `PATH`. If the same user +runs `git maintenance start` with multiple Git executables, then only the +latest executable is used. + +These commands use `git for-each-repo --config=maintenance.repo` to run +`git maintenance run --schedule=<frequency>` on each repository listed in +the multi-valued `maintenance.repo` config option. These are typically +loaded from the user-specific global config. The `git maintenance` process +then determines which maintenance tasks are configured to run on each +repository with each `<frequency>` using the `maintenance.<task>.schedule` +config options. These values are loaded from the global or repository +config values. + +If the config values are insufficient to achieve your desired background +maintenance schedule, then you can create your own schedule. If you run +`crontab -e`, then an editor will load with your user-specific `cron` +schedule. In that editor, you can add your own schedule lines. You could +start by adapting the default schedule listed earlier, or you could read +the crontab(5) documentation for advanced scheduling techniques. Please +do use the full path and `--exec-path` techniques from the default +schedule to ensure you are executing the correct binaries in your +schedule. + + +BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON MACOS SYSTEMS +--------------------------------------- + +While macOS technically supports `cron`, using `crontab -e` requires +elevated privileges and the executed process does not have a full user +context. Without a full user context, Git and its credential helpers +cannot access stored credentials, so some maintenance tasks are not +functional. + +Instead, `git maintenance start` interacts with the `launchctl` tool, +which is the recommended way to schedule timed jobs in macOS. Scheduling +maintenance through `git maintenance (start|stop)` requires some +`launchctl` features available only in macOS 10.11 or later. + +Your user-specific scheduled tasks are stored as XML-formatted `.plist` +files in `~/Library/LaunchAgents/`. You can see the currently-registered +tasks using the following command: + +----------------------------------------------------------------------- +$ ls ~/Library/LaunchAgents/org.git-scm.git* +org.git-scm.git.daily.plist +org.git-scm.git.hourly.plist +org.git-scm.git.weekly.plist +----------------------------------------------------------------------- + +One task is registered for each `--schedule=<frequency>` option. To +inspect how the XML format describes each schedule, open one of these +`.plist` files in an editor and inspect the `<array>` element following +the `<key>StartCalendarInterval</key>` element. + +`git maintenance start` will overwrite these files and register the +tasks again with `launchctl`, so any customizations should be done by +creating your own `.plist` files with distinct names. Similarly, the +`git maintenance stop` command will unregister the tasks with `launchctl` +and delete the `.plist` files. + +To create more advanced customizations to your background tasks, see +launchctl.plist(5) for more information. + + +BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE ON WINDOWS SYSTEMS +----------------------------------------- + +Windows does not support `cron` and instead has its own system for +scheduling background tasks. The `git maintenance start` command uses +the `schtasks` command to submit tasks to this system. You can inspect +all background tasks using the Task Scheduler application. The tasks +added by Git have names of the form `Git Maintenance (<frequency>)`. +The Task Scheduler GUI has ways to inspect these tasks, but you can also +export the tasks to XML files and view the details there. + +Note that since Git is a console application, these background tasks +create a console window visible to the current user. This can be changed +manually by selecting the "Run whether user is logged in or not" option +in Task Scheduler. This change requires a password input, which is why +`git maintenance start` does not select it by default. + +If you want to customize the background tasks, please rename the tasks +so future calls to `git maintenance (start|stop)` do not overwrite your +custom tasks. + GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt index 4da9d24096..3e8f59ac0e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt @@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ get_merge_tool_cmd:: get_merge_tool_path:: returns the custom path for a merge tool. +initialize_merge_tool:: + bring merge tool specific functions into scope so they can be used or + overridden. + run_merge_tool:: launches a merge tool given the tool name and a true/false flag to indicate whether a merge base is present. diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt index fa6a756123..17a2603a60 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-mktag(1) NAME ---- -git-mktag - Creates a tag object +git-mktag - Creates a tag object with extra validation SYNOPSIS @@ -11,25 +11,52 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git mktag' +OPTIONS +------- + +--strict:: + By default mktag turns on the equivalent of + linkgit:git-fsck[1] `--strict` mode. Use `--no-strict` to + disable it. + DESCRIPTION ----------- -Reads a tag contents on standard input and creates a tag object -that can also be used to sign other objects. -The output is the new tag's <object> identifier. +Reads a tag contents on standard input and creates a tag object. The +output is the new tag's <object> identifier. + +This command is mostly equivalent to linkgit:git-hash-object[1] +invoked with `-t tag -w --stdin`. I.e. both of these will create and +write a tag found in `my-tag`: + + git mktag <my-tag + git hash-object -t tag -w --stdin <my-tag + +The difference is that mktag will die before writing the tag if the +tag doesn't pass a linkgit:git-fsck[1] check. + +The "fsck" check done mktag is stricter than what linkgit:git-fsck[1] +would run by default in that all `fsck.<msg-id>` messages are promoted +from warnings to errors (so e.g. a missing "tagger" line is an error). + +Extra headers in the object are also an error under mktag, but ignored +by linkgit:git-fsck[1]. This extra check can be turned off by setting +the appropriate `fsck.<msg-id>` varible: + + git -c fsck.extraHeaderEntry=ignore mktag <my-tag-with-headers Tag Format ---------- A tag signature file, to be fed to this command's standard input, has a very simple fixed format: four lines of - object <sha1> + object <hash> type <typename> tag <tagname> tagger <tagger> followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created -by older Git may not have `tagger` line). The message, when +by older Git may not have `tagger` line). The message, when it exists, is separated by a blank line from the header. The message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn't care about, but that can be verified with gpg. diff --git a/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt index 9701c1e5fd..fe350d7f40 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-range-diff.txt @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git range-diff' [--color=[<when>]] [--no-color] [<diff-options>] [--no-dual-color] [--creation-factor=<factor>] + [--left-only | --right-only] ( <range1> <range2> | <rev1>...<rev2> | <base> <rev1> <rev2> ) DESCRIPTION @@ -28,6 +29,17 @@ Finally, the list of matching commits is shown in the order of the second commit range, with unmatched commits being inserted just after all of their ancestors have been shown. +There are three ways to specify the commit ranges: + +- `<range1> <range2>`: Either commit range can be of the form + `<base>..<rev>`, `<rev>^!` or `<rev>^-<n>`. See `SPECIFYING RANGES` + in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for more details. + +- `<rev1>...<rev2>`. This is equivalent to + `<rev2>..<rev1> <rev1>..<rev2>`. + +- `<base> <rev1> <rev2>`: This is equivalent to `<base>..<rev1> + <base>..<rev2>`. OPTIONS ------- @@ -57,6 +69,14 @@ to revert to color all lines according to the outer diff markers See the ``Algorithm`` section below for an explanation why this is needed. +--left-only:: + Suppress commits that are missing from the first specified range + (or the "left range" when using the `<rev1>...<rev2>` format). + +--right-only:: + Suppress commits that are missing from the second specified range + (or the "right range" when using the `<rev1>...<rev2>` format). + --[no-]notes[=<ref>]:: This flag is passed to the `git log` program (see linkgit:git-log[1]) that generates the patches. diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 5013daa6ef..6b8ca085aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -212,6 +212,18 @@ Options for Files Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value, even if they are set. +--path-format=(absolute|relative):: + Controls the behavior of certain other options. If specified as absolute, the + paths printed by those options will be absolute and canonical. If specified as + relative, the paths will be relative to the current working directory if that + is possible. The default is option specific. ++ +This option may be specified multiple times and affects only the arguments that +follow it on the command line, either to the end of the command line or the next +instance of this option. + +The following options are modified by `--path-format`: + --git-dir:: Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is @@ -221,27 +233,9 @@ If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. ---absolute-git-dir:: - Like `--git-dir`, but its output is always the canonicalized - absolute path. - --git-common-dir:: Show `$GIT_COMMON_DIR` if defined, else `$GIT_DIR`. ---is-inside-git-dir:: - When the current working directory is below the repository - directory print "true", otherwise "false". - ---is-inside-work-tree:: - When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the - repository print "true", otherwise "false". - ---is-bare-repository:: - When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false". - ---is-shallow-repository:: - When the repository is shallow print "true", otherwise "false". - --resolve-git-dir <path>:: Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that points at a valid repository, and print the location of the @@ -255,19 +249,9 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY is set to /foo/bar then "git rev-parse --git-path objects/abc" returns /foo/bar/abc. ---show-cdup:: - When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the - path of the top-level directory relative to the current - directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string). - ---show-prefix:: - When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the - path of the current directory relative to the top-level - directory. - --show-toplevel:: - Show the absolute path of the top-level directory of the working - tree. If there is no working tree, report an error. + Show the (by default, absolute) path of the top-level directory + of the working tree. If there is no working tree, report an error. --show-superproject-working-tree:: Show the absolute path of the root of the superproject's @@ -279,6 +263,36 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. Show the path to the shared index file in split index mode, or empty if not in split-index mode. +The following options are unaffected by `--path-format`: + +--absolute-git-dir:: + Like `--git-dir`, but its output is always the canonicalized + absolute path. + +--is-inside-git-dir:: + When the current working directory is below the repository + directory print "true", otherwise "false". + +--is-inside-work-tree:: + When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the + repository print "true", otherwise "false". + +--is-bare-repository:: + When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false". + +--is-shallow-repository:: + When the repository is shallow print "true", otherwise "false". + +--show-cdup:: + When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the + path of the top-level directory relative to the current + directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string). + +--show-prefix:: + When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the + path of the current directory relative to the top-level + directory. + --show-object-format[=(storage|input|output)]:: Show the object format (hash algorithm) used for the repository for storage inside the `.git` directory, input, or output. For diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt index fd93cd41e9..c16cc3b608 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt @@ -111,11 +111,7 @@ include::rev-list-options.txt[] MAPPING AUTHORS --------------- -The `.mailmap` feature is used to coalesce together commits by the same -person in the shortlog, where their name and/or email address was -spelled differently. - -include::mailmap.txt[] +See linkgit:gitmailmap[5]. GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt index fcf528c1b3..2b1bc7288d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt @@ -45,10 +45,13 @@ include::pretty-options.txt[] include::pretty-formats.txt[] -COMMON DIFF OPTIONS -------------------- +DIFF FORMATTING +--------------- +The options below can be used to change the way `git show` generates +diff output. :git-log: 1 +:diff-merges-default: `dense-combined` include::diff-options.txt[] include::diff-generate-patch.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt index af06128cc9..f1bb1fa5f5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt @@ -97,8 +97,9 @@ list:: List details of each working tree. The main working tree is listed first, followed by each of the linked working trees. The output details include whether the working tree is bare, the revision currently checked out, the -branch currently checked out (or "detached HEAD" if none), and "locked" if -the worktree is locked. +branch currently checked out (or "detached HEAD" if none), "locked" if +the worktree is locked, "prunable" if the worktree can be pruned by `prune` +command. lock:: @@ -143,6 +144,11 @@ locate it. Running `repair` within the recently-moved working tree will reestablish the connection. If multiple linked working trees are moved, running `repair` from any working tree with each tree's new `<path>` as an argument, will reestablish the connection to all the specified paths. ++ +If both the main working tree and linked working trees have been moved +manually, then running `repair` in the main working tree and specifying the +new `<path>` of each linked working tree will reestablish all connections +in both directions. unlock:: @@ -226,9 +232,14 @@ This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the -v:: --verbose:: With `prune`, report all removals. ++ +With `list`, output additional information about worktrees (see below). --expire <time>:: With `prune`, only expire unused working trees older than `<time>`. ++ +With `list`, annotate missing working trees as prunable if they are +older than `<time>`. --reason <string>:: With `lock`, an explanation why the working tree is locked. @@ -367,13 +378,46 @@ $ git worktree list /path/to/other-linked-worktree 1234abc (detached HEAD) ------------ +The command also shows annotations for each working tree, according to its state. +These annotations are: + + * `locked`, if the working tree is locked. + * `prunable`, if the working tree can be pruned via `git worktree prune`. + +------------ +$ git worktree list +/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] +/path/to/locked-worktreee acbd5678 (brancha) locked +/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc (detached HEAD) prunable +------------ + +For these annotations, a reason might also be available and this can be +seen using the verbose mode. The annotation is then moved to the next line +indented followed by the additional information. + +------------ +$ git worktree list --verbose +/path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] +/path/to/locked-worktree-no-reason abcd5678 (detached HEAD) locked +/path/to/locked-worktree-with-reason 1234abcd (brancha) + locked: working tree path is mounted on a portable device +/path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc1 (detached HEAD) + prunable: gitdir file points to non-existent location +------------ + +Note that the annotation is moved to the next line if the additional +information is available, otherwise it stays on the same line as the +working tree itself. + Porcelain Format ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The porcelain format has a line per attribute. Attributes are listed with a label and value separated by a single space. Boolean attributes (like `bare` and `detached`) are listed as a label only, and are present only -if the value is true. The first attribute of a working tree is always -`worktree`, an empty line indicates the end of the record. For example: +if the value is true. Some attributes (like `locked`) can be listed as a label +only or with a value depending upon whether a reason is available. The first +attribute of a working tree is always `worktree`, an empty line indicates the +end of the record. For example: ------------ $ git worktree list --porcelain @@ -388,6 +432,33 @@ worktree /path/to/other-linked-worktree HEAD 1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234abc1234a detached +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-no-reason +HEAD 5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678abc5678c +branch refs/heads/locked-no-reason +locked + +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-locked-with-reason +HEAD 3456def3456def3456def3456def3456def3456b +branch refs/heads/locked-with-reason +locked reason why is locked + +worktree /path/to/linked-worktree-prunable +HEAD 1233def1234def1234def1234def1234def1234b +detached +prunable gitdir file points to non-existent location + +------------ + +If the lock reason contains "unusual" characters such as newline, they +are escaped and the entire reason is quoted as explained for the +configuration variable `core.quotePath` (see linkgit:git-config[1]). +For Example: + +------------ +$ git worktree list --porcelain +... +locked "reason\nwhy is locked" +... ------------ EXAMPLES diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index a6d4ad0818..d36e6fd482 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path] [-p|--paginate|-P|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>] - [--super-prefix=<path>] + [--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env <name>=<envvar>] <command> [<args>] DESCRIPTION @@ -80,6 +80,28 @@ config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string which `git config --type=bool` will convert to `false`. +--config-env=<name>=<envvar>:: + Like `-c <name>=<value>`, give configuration variable + '<name>' a value, where <envvar> is the name of an + environment variable from which to retrieve the value. Unlike + `-c` there is no shortcut for directly setting the value to an + empty string, instead the environment variable itself must be + set to the empty string. It is an error if the `<envvar>` does not exist + in the environment. `<envvar>` may not contain an equals sign + to avoid ambiguity with `<name>`s which contain one. ++ +This is useful for cases where you want to pass transitory +configuration options to git, but are doing so on OS's where +other processes might be able to read your cmdline +(e.g. `/proc/self/cmdline`), but not your environ +(e.g. `/proc/self/environ`). That behavior is the default on +Linux, but may not be on your system. ++ +Note that this might add security for variables such as +`http.extraHeader` where the sensitive information is part of +the value, but not e.g. `url.<base>.insteadOf` where the +sensitive information can be part of the key. + --exec-path[=<path>]:: Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH diff --git a/Documentation/gitmailmap.txt b/Documentation/gitmailmap.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..052209b33b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/gitmailmap.txt @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +gitmailmap(5) +============= + +NAME +---- +gitmailmap - Map author/committer names and/or E-Mail addresses + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +$GIT_WORK_TREE/.mailmap + + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at +the location pointed to by the `mailmap.file` or `mailmap.blob` +configuration options (see linkgit:git-config[1]), it +is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to +canonical real names and email addresses. + + +SYNTAX +------ + +The '#' character begins a comment to the end of line, blank lines +are ignored. + +In the simple form, each line in the file consists of the canonical +real name of an author, whitespace, and an email address used in the +commit (enclosed by '<' and '>') to map to the name. For example: +-- + Proper Name <commit@email.xx> +-- + +The more complex forms are: +-- + <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx> +-- +which allows mailmap to replace only the email part of a commit, and: +-- + Proper Name <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx> +-- +which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a +commit matching the specified commit email address, and: +-- + Proper Name <proper@email.xx> Commit Name <commit@email.xx> +-- +which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a +commit matching both the specified commit name and email address. + +Both E-Mails and names are matched case-insensitively. For example +this would also match the 'Commit Name <commit@email.xx>' above: +-- +Proper Name <proper@email.xx> CoMmIt NaMe <CoMmIt@EmAiL.xX> +-- + +EXAMPLES +-------- + +Your history contains commits by two authors, Jane +and Joe, whose names appear in the repository under several forms: + +------------ +Joe Developer <joe@example.com> +Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> +Jane Doe <jane@example.com> +Jane Doe <jane@laptop.(none)> +Jane D. <jane@desktop.(none)> +------------ + +Now suppose that Joe wants his middle name initial used, and Jane +prefers her family name fully spelled out. A `.mailmap` file to +correct the names would look like: + +------------ +Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> +Jane Doe <jane@example.com> +Jane Doe <jane@desktop.(none)> +------------ + +Note that there's no need to map the name for 'jane@laptop.(none)' to +only correct the names. However, leaving the obviously broken +`<jane@laptop.(none)>' and '<jane@desktop.(none)>' E-Mails as-is is +usually not what you want. A `.mailmap` file which also corrects those +is: + +------------ +Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> +Jane Doe <jane@example.com> <jane@laptop.(none)> +Jane Doe <jane@example.com> <jane@desktop.(none)> +------------ + +Finally, let's say that Joe and Jane shared an E-Mail address, but not +a name, e.g. by having these two commits in the history generated by a +bug reporting system. I.e. names appearing in history as: + +------------ +Joe <bugs@example.com> +Jane <bugs@example.com> +------------ + +A full `.mailmap` file which also handles those cases (an addition of +two lines to the above example) would be: + +------------ +Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> +Jane Doe <jane@example.com> <jane@laptop.(none)> +Jane Doe <jane@example.com> <jane@desktop.(none)> +Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> Joe <bugs@example.com> +Jane Doe <jane@example.com> Jane <bugs@example.com> +------------ + + + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-check-mailmap[1] + + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 4a8c276529..0000000000 --- a/Documentation/mailmap.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,75 +0,0 @@ -If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at -the location pointed to by the mailmap.file or mailmap.blob -configuration options, it -is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to -canonical real names and email addresses. - -In the simple form, each line in the file consists of the canonical -real name of an author, whitespace, and an email address used in the -commit (enclosed by '<' and '>') to map to the name. For example: --- - Proper Name <commit@email.xx> --- - -The more complex forms are: --- - <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx> --- -which allows mailmap to replace only the email part of a commit, and: --- - Proper Name <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx> --- -which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a -commit matching the specified commit email address, and: --- - Proper Name <proper@email.xx> Commit Name <commit@email.xx> --- -which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a -commit matching both the specified commit name and email address. - -Example 1: Your history contains commits by two authors, Jane -and Joe, whose names appear in the repository under several forms: - ------------- -Joe Developer <joe@example.com> -Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> -Jane Doe <jane@example.com> -Jane Doe <jane@laptop.(none)> -Jane D. <jane@desktop.(none)> ------------- - -Now suppose that Joe wants his middle name initial used, and Jane -prefers her family name fully spelled out. A proper `.mailmap` file -would look like: - ------------- -Jane Doe <jane@desktop.(none)> -Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> ------------- - -Note how there is no need for an entry for `<jane@laptop.(none)>`, because the -real name of that author is already correct. - -Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following -authors: - ------------- -nick1 <bugs@company.xx> -nick2 <bugs@company.xx> -nick2 <nick2@company.xx> -santa <me@company.xx> -claus <me@company.xx> -CTO <cto@coompany.xx> ------------- - -Then you might want a `.mailmap` file that looks like: ------------- -<cto@company.xx> <cto@coompany.xx> -Some Dude <some@dude.xx> nick1 <bugs@company.xx> -Other Author <other@author.xx> nick2 <bugs@company.xx> -Other Author <other@author.xx> <nick2@company.xx> -Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx> <me@company.xx> ------------- - -Use hash '#' for comments that are either on their own line, or after -the email address. diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt index 84bbc7439a..6b59e28d44 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt @@ -252,7 +252,15 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] interpreted by linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]. The `trailers` string may be followed by a colon - and zero or more comma-separated options: + and zero or more comma-separated options. + If any option is provided multiple times the + last occurance wins. ++ +The boolean options accept an optional value `[=<BOOL>]`. The values +`true`, `false`, `on`, `off` etc. are all accepted. See the "boolean" +sub-section in "EXAMPLES" in linkgit:git-config[1]. If a boolean +option is given with no value, it's enabled. ++ ** 'key=<K>': only show trailers with specified key. Matching is done case-insensitively and trailing colon is optional. If option is given multiple times trailer lines matching any of the keys are @@ -261,27 +269,25 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] desired it can be disabled with `only=false`. E.g., `%(trailers:key=Reviewed-by)` shows trailer lines with key `Reviewed-by`. -** 'only[=val]': select whether non-trailer lines from the trailer - block should be included. The `only` keyword may optionally be - followed by an equal sign and one of `true`, `on`, `yes` to omit or - `false`, `off`, `no` to show the non-trailer lines. If option is - given without value it is enabled. If given multiple times the last - value is used. +** 'only[=<BOOL>]': select whether non-trailer lines from the trailer + block should be included. ** 'separator=<SEP>': specify a separator inserted between trailer lines. When this option is not given each trailer line is terminated with a line feed character. The string SEP may contain the literal formatting codes described above. To use comma as separator one must use `%x2C` as it would otherwise be parsed as - next option. If separator option is given multiple times only the - last one is used. E.g., `%(trailers:key=Ticket,separator=%x2C )` + next option. E.g., `%(trailers:key=Ticket,separator=%x2C )` shows all trailer lines whose key is "Ticket" separated by a comma and a space. -** 'unfold[=val]': make it behave as if interpret-trailer's `--unfold` - option was given. In same way as to for `only` it can be followed - by an equal sign and explicit value. E.g., +** 'unfold[=<BOOL>]': make it behave as if interpret-trailer's `--unfold` + option was given. E.g., `%(trailers:only,unfold=true)` unfolds and shows all trailer lines. -** 'valueonly[=val]': skip over the key part of the trailer line and only - show the value part. Also this optionally allows explicit value. +** 'keyonly[=<BOOL>]': only show the key part of the trailer. +** 'valueonly[=<BOOL>]': only show the value part of the trailer. +** 'key_value_separator=<SEP>': specify a separator inserted between + trailer lines. When this option is not given each trailer key-value + pair is separated by ": ". Otherwise it shares the same semantics + as 'separator=<SEP>' above. NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index 002379056a..96cc89d157 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -130,6 +130,11 @@ parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). this option allows you to ignore the individual commits brought in to your history by such a merge. +ifdef::git-log[] + This option also changes default diff format for merge commits + to `first-parent`, see `--diff-merges=first-parent` for details. +endif::git-log[] + --not:: Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof) for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt index b3b58880b9..b6658eff18 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt @@ -4,11 +4,7 @@ Git commit graph format The Git commit graph stores a list of commit OIDs and some associated metadata, including: -- The generation number of the commit. Commits with no parents have - generation number 1; commits with parents have generation number - one more than the maximum generation number of its parents. We - reserve zero as special, and can be used to mark a generation - number invalid or as "not computed". +- The generation number of the commit. - The root tree OID. @@ -86,13 +82,33 @@ CHUNK DATA: position. If there are more than two parents, the second value has its most-significant bit on and the other bits store an array position into the Extra Edge List chunk. - * The next 8 bytes store the generation number of the commit and + * The next 8 bytes store the topological level (generation number v1) + of the commit and the commit time in seconds since EPOCH. The generation number uses the higher 30 bits of the first 4 bytes, while the commit time uses the 32 bits of the second 4 bytes, along with the lowest 2 bits of the lowest byte, storing the 33rd and 34th bit of the commit time. + Generation Data (ID: {'G', 'D', 'A', 'T' }) (N * 4 bytes) [Optional] + * This list of 4-byte values store corrected commit date offsets for the + commits, arranged in the same order as commit data chunk. + * If the corrected commit date offset cannot be stored within 31 bits, + the value has its most-significant bit on and the other bits store + the position of corrected commit date into the Generation Data Overflow + chunk. + * Generation Data chunk is present only when commit-graph file is written + by compatible versions of Git and in case of split commit-graph chains, + the topmost layer also has Generation Data chunk. + + Generation Data Overflow (ID: {'G', 'D', 'O', 'V' }) [Optional] + * This list of 8-byte values stores the corrected commit date offsets + for commits with corrected commit date offsets that cannot be + stored within 31 bits. + * Generation Data Overflow chunk is present only when Generation Data + chunk is present and atleast one corrected commit date offset cannot + be stored within 31 bits. + Extra Edge List (ID: {'E', 'D', 'G', 'E'}) [Optional] This list of 4-byte values store the second through nth parents for all octopus merges. The second parent value in the commit data stores diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt index f14a7659aa..f05e7bda1a 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph.txt @@ -38,14 +38,31 @@ A consumer may load the following info for a commit from the graph: Values 1-4 satisfy the requirements of parse_commit_gently(). -Define the "generation number" of a commit recursively as follows: +There are two definitions of generation number: +1. Corrected committer dates (generation number v2) +2. Topological levels (generation nummber v1) - * A commit with no parents (a root commit) has generation number one. +Define "corrected committer date" of a commit recursively as follows: - * A commit with at least one parent has generation number one more than - the largest generation number among its parents. + * A commit with no parents (a root commit) has corrected committer date + equal to its committer date. -Equivalently, the generation number of a commit A is one more than the + * A commit with at least one parent has corrected committer date equal to + the maximum of its commiter date and one more than the largest corrected + committer date among its parents. + + * As a special case, a root commit with timestamp zero has corrected commit + date of 1, to be able to distinguish it from GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO + (that is, an uncomputed corrected commit date). + +Define the "topological level" of a commit recursively as follows: + + * A commit with no parents (a root commit) has topological level of one. + + * A commit with at least one parent has topological level one more than + the largest topological level among its parents. + +Equivalently, the topological level of a commit A is one more than the length of a longest path from A to a root commit. The recursive definition is easier to use for computation and observing the following property: @@ -60,6 +77,9 @@ is easier to use for computation and observing the following property: generation numbers, then we always expand the boundary commit with highest generation number and can easily detect the stopping condition. +The property applies to both versions of generation number, that is both +corrected committer dates and topological levels. + This property can be used to significantly reduce the time it takes to walk commits and determine topological relationships. Without generation numbers, the general heuristic is the following: @@ -67,7 +87,9 @@ numbers, the general heuristic is the following: If A and B are commits with commit time X and Y, respectively, and X < Y, then A _probably_ cannot reach B. -This heuristic is currently used whenever the computation is allowed to +In absence of corrected commit dates (for example, old versions of Git or +mixed generation graph chains), +this heuristic is currently used whenever the computation is allowed to violate topological relationships due to clock skew (such as "git log" with default order), but is not used when the topological order is required (such as merge base calculations, "git log --graph"). @@ -77,7 +99,7 @@ in the commit graph. We can treat these commits as having "infinite" generation number and walk until reaching commits with known generation number. -We use the macro GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY = 0xFFFFFFFF to mark commits not +We use the macro GENERATION_NUMBER_INFINITY to mark commits not in the commit-graph file. If a commit-graph file was written by a version of Git that did not compute generation numbers, then those commits will have generation number represented by the macro GENERATION_NUMBER_ZERO = 0. @@ -93,12 +115,12 @@ fully-computed generation numbers. Using strict inequality may result in walking a few extra commits, but the simplicity in dealing with commits with generation number *_INFINITY or *_ZERO is valuable. -We use the macro GENERATION_NUMBER_MAX = 0x3FFFFFFF to for commits whose -generation numbers are computed to be at least this value. We limit at -this value since it is the largest value that can be stored in the -commit-graph file using the 30 bits available to generation numbers. This -presents another case where a commit can have generation number equal to -that of a parent. +We use the macro GENERATION_NUMBER_V1_MAX = 0x3FFFFFFF for commits whose +topological levels (generation number v1) are computed to be at least +this value. We limit at this value since it is the largest value that +can be stored in the commit-graph file using the 30 bits available +to topological levels. This presents another case where a commit can +have generation number equal to that of a parent. Design Details -------------- @@ -267,6 +289,35 @@ The merge strategy values (2 for the size multiple, 64,000 for the maximum number of commits) could be extracted into config settings for full flexibility. +## Handling Mixed Generation Number Chains + +With the introduction of generation number v2 and generation data chunk, the +following scenario is possible: + +1. "New" Git writes a commit-graph with the corrected commit dates. +2. "Old" Git writes a split commit-graph on top without corrected commit dates. + +A naive approach of using the newest available generation number from +each layer would lead to violated expectations: the lower layer would +use corrected commit dates which are much larger than the topological +levels of the higher layer. For this reason, Git inspects the topmost +layer to see if the layer is missing corrected commit dates. In such a case +Git only uses topological level for generation numbers. + +When writing a new layer in split commit-graph, we write corrected commit +dates if the topmost layer has corrected commit dates written. This +guarantees that if a layer has corrected commit dates, all lower layers +must have corrected commit dates as well. + +When merging layers, we do not consider whether the merged layers had corrected +commit dates. Instead, the new layer will have corrected commit dates if the +layer below the new layer has corrected commit dates. + +While writing or merging layers, if the new layer is the only layer, it will +have corrected commit dates when written by compatible versions of Git. Thus, +rewriting split commit-graph as a single file (`--split=replace`) creates a +single layer with corrected commit dates. + ## Deleting graph-{hash} files After a new tip file is written, some `graph-{hash}` files may no longer diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt index 69edf46c03..b633482b1b 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Git index format Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can be ignored if Git does not understand them. - Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions. + Git currently supports cache tree and resolve undo extensions. 4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the extension is optional and can be ignored. @@ -136,14 +136,35 @@ Git index format == Extensions -=== Cached tree - - Cached tree extension contains pre-computed hashes for trees that can - be derived from the index. It helps speed up tree object generation - from index for a new commit. - - When a path is updated in index, the path must be invalidated and - removed from tree cache. +=== Cache tree + + Since the index does not record entries for directories, the cache + entries cannot describe tree objects that already exist in the object + database for regions of the index that are unchanged from an existing + commit. The cache tree extension stores a recursive tree structure that + describes the trees that already exist and completely match sections of + the cache entries. This speeds up tree object generation from the index + for a new commit by only computing the trees that are "new" to that + commit. It also assists when comparing the index to another tree, such + as `HEAD^{tree}`, since sections of the index can be skipped when a tree + comparison demonstrates equality. + + The recursive tree structure uses nodes that store a number of cache + entries, a list of subnodes, and an object ID (OID). The OID references + the existing tree for that node, if it is known to exist. The subnodes + correspond to subdirectories that themselves have cache tree nodes. The + number of cache entries corresponds to the number of cache entries in + the index that describe paths within that tree's directory. + + The extension tracks the full directory structure in the cache tree + extension, but this is generally smaller than the full cache entry list. + + When a path is updated in index, Git invalidates all nodes of the + recursive cache tree corresponding to the parent directories of that + path. We store these tree nodes as being "invalid" by using "-1" as the + number of cache entries. Invalid nodes still store a span of index + entries, allowing Git to focus its efforts when reconstructing a full + cache tree. The signature for this extension is { 'T', 'R', 'E', 'E' }. @@ -174,7 +195,8 @@ Git index format first entry represents the root level of the repository, followed by the first subtree--let's call this A--of the root level (with its name relative to the root level), followed by the first subtree of A (with - its name relative to A), ... + its name relative to A), and so on. The specified number of subtrees + indicates when the current level of the recursive stack is complete. === Resolve undo diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt index 96d2fc589f..8833b71c8b 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt @@ -274,6 +274,26 @@ Pack file entry: <+ Index checksum of all of the above. +== pack-*.rev files have the format: + + - A 4-byte magic number '0x52494458' ('RIDX'). + + - A 4-byte version identifier (= 1). + + - A 4-byte hash function identifier (= 1 for SHA-1, 2 for SHA-256). + + - A table of index positions (one per packed object, num_objects in + total, each a 4-byte unsigned integer in network order), sorted by + their corresponding offsets in the packfile. + + - A trailer, containing a: + + checksum of the corresponding packfile, and + + a checksum of all of the above. + +All 4-byte numbers are in network order. + == multi-pack-index (MIDX) files have the following format: The multi-pack-index files refer to multiple pack-files and loose objects. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt index 85daeb5d9e..f772d90eaf 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt @@ -192,11 +192,20 @@ ls-refs takes in the following arguments: When specified, only references having a prefix matching one of the provided prefixes are displayed. +If the 'unborn' feature is advertised the following argument can be +included in the client's request. + + unborn + The server will send information about HEAD even if it is a symref + pointing to an unborn branch in the form "unborn HEAD + symref-target:<target>". + The output of ls-refs is as follows: output = *ref flush-pkt - ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP refname *(SP ref-attribute) LF) + obj-id-or-unborn = (obj-id | "unborn") + ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id-or-unborn SP refname *(SP ref-attribute) LF) ref-attribute = (symref | peeled) symref = "symref-target:" symref-target peeled = "peeled:" obj-id |