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-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.txt109
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config.txt8
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-am.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-apply.txt13
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-branch.txt7
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-checkout.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-clean.txt1
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-clone.txt10
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-commit.txt20
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-fast-export.txt8
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-grep.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-init-db.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-init.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-instaweb.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-ls-files.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-merge-base.txt9
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-mv.txt1
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-read-tree.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-rebase.txt3
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-replace.txt71
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-rev-list.txt22
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-send-email.txt5
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-show-branch.txt13
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-stash.txt17
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-submodule.txt36
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-svn.txt6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-tag.txt20
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt11
-rw-r--r--Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt675
-rw-r--r--Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt31
-rw-r--r--Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt147
32 files changed, 1218 insertions, 57 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84a84519d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+GIT v1.6.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+In git 1.7.0, which is planned to be the release after 1.6.5, "git push"
+into a branch that is currently checked out will be refused by default.
+
+You can choose what should happen upon such a push by setting the
+configuration variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving
+repository.
+
+Also, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch $killed in a remote
+repository $there, when $killed branch is the current branch pointed at by
+its HEAD, will be refused by default.
+
+You can choose what should happen upon such a push by setting the
+configuration variable receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving
+repository.
+
+To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a
+push running this release will issue a big warning when the
+configuration variable is missing. Please refer to:
+
+ http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare
+ http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007
+
+for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the
+transition plan.
+
+Updates since v1.6.4
+--------------------
+
+(subsystems)
+
+ * various updates to git-svn and gitweb.
+
+(portability)
+
+ * more improvements on mingw port.
+
+(performance)
+
+ * On major platforms, the system can be compiled to use with Linus's
+ block-sha1 implementation of the SHA-1 hash algorithm, which
+ outperforms the default fallback implementation we borrowed from
+ Mozzilla.
+
+(usability, bells and whistles)
+
+ * refs/replace/ hierarchy is designed to be usable as a replacement
+ of the "grafts" mechanism, with the added advantage that it can be
+ transferred across repositories.
+
+ * "git am" learned to optionally ignore whitespace differences.
+
+ * "git am" handles input e-mail files that has CRLF line endings sensibly.
+
+ * "git commit --dry-run $args" is a new recommended way to ask "what would
+ happen if I try to commit with these arguments."
+
+ * "git cvsimport" now supports password-protected pserver access.
+
+ * "git fast-export" learned --no-data option that can be useful when
+ reordering commits and trees without touching the contents of
+ blobs.
+
+ * "git init" learned to mkdir/chdir into a directory when given an
+ extra argument (i.e. "git init this").
+
+ * "git instaweb" optionally can use mongoose as the web server.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" can optionally be told with --decorate=full to
+ give the reference name in full.
+
+ * "git push" can be told to be --quiet.
+
+ * informational output from "git reset" that lists the locally modified
+ paths is made consistent with that of "git checkout $another_branch".
+
+ * "git status" gives more descriptive output for unmerged paths.
+
+ * "git submodule" learned to give submodule name to scripts run with
+ "foreach" subcommand.
+
+ * various subcommands to "git submodule" learned --recursive option.
+
+ * "git submodule summary" learned --files option to compare the work
+ tree vs the commit bound at submodule path, instead of comparing
+ the index.
+
+(developers)
+
+ * With GIT_TEST_OPTS="--root=/p/a/t/h", tests can be run outside the
+ source directory; using tmpfs may give faster turnaround.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.6.4
+------------------
+
+# All of the fixes in v1.6.4.X maintenance series are included in this
+# release, unless otherwise noted.
+
+# Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to
+# v1.6.4.X series.
+
+--
+exec >/var/tmp/1
+O=v1.6.4.1-266-g235db15
+echo O=$(git describe master)
+git shortlog --no-merges $O..master --not maint
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 2632c5149e..5256c7fb81 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -461,6 +461,14 @@ it will be treated as a shell command. For example, defining
executed from the top-level directory of a repository, which may
not necessarily be the current directory.
+apply.ignorewhitespace::
+ When set to 'change', tells 'git-apply' to ignore changes in
+ whitespace, in the same way as the '--ignore-space-change'
+ option.
+ When set to one of: no, none, never, false tells 'git-apply' to
+ respect all whitespace differences.
+ See linkgit:git-apply[1].
+
apply.whitespace::
Tells 'git-apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
as the '--whitespace' option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index 32e689b2bf..fcacc94650 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
[verse]
'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
[--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
- [--ignore-date]
+ [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
[--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
[--reject] [-q | --quiet]
[<mbox> | <Maildir>...]
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
it is supposed to apply to and we have those blobs
available locally.
+--ignore-date::
+--ignore-space-change::
+--ignore-whitespace::
--whitespace=<option>::
-C<n>::
-p<n>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
index 735374d7df..5ee8c91f2d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
[--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor=<file>] [-R | --reverse]
[--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z]
[-pNUM] [-CNUM] [--inaccurate-eof] [--recount] [--cached]
+ [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace ]
[--whitespace=<nowarn|warn|fix|error|error-all>]
[--exclude=PATH] [--include=PATH] [--directory=<root>]
[--verbose] [<patch>...]
@@ -149,6 +150,14 @@ patch to each path is used. A patch to a path that does not match any
include/exclude pattern is used by default if there is no include pattern
on the command line, and ignored if there is any include pattern.
+--ignore-space-change::
+--ignore-whitespace::
+ When applying a patch, ignore changes in whitespace in context
+ lines if necessary.
+ Context lines will preserve their whitespace, and they will not
+ undergo whitespace fixing regardless of the value of the
+ `--whitespace` option. New lines will still be fixed, though.
+
--whitespace=<action>::
When applying a patch, detect a new or modified line that has
whitespace errors. What are considered whitespace errors is
@@ -205,6 +214,10 @@ running `git apply --directory=modules/git-gui`.
Configuration
-------------
+apply.ignorewhitespace::
+ Set to 'change' if you want changes in whitespace to be ignored by default.
+ Set to one of: no, none, never, false if you want changes in
+ whitespace to be significant.
apply.whitespace::
When no `--whitespace` flag is given from the command
line, this configuration item is used as the default.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index ae201deb7a..aad71dc59a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ OPTIONS
based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
-f::
+--force::
Reset <branchname> to <startpoint> if <branchname> exists
already. Without `-f` 'git-branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
@@ -209,6 +210,12 @@ but different purposes:
- `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
+linkgit:git-fetch[1],
+linkgit:git-remote[1].
+
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index ad4b31e892..b1314b5614 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -45,9 +45,11 @@ file can be discarded to recreate the original conflicted merge result.
OPTIONS
-------
-q::
+--quiet::
Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
-f::
+--force::
When switching branches, proceed even if the index or the
working tree differs from HEAD. This is used to throw away
local changes.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index ae8938b2de..9d291bdd26 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ OPTIONS
if you really want to remove such a directory.
-f::
+--force::
If the git configuration specifies clean.requireForce as true,
'git-clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 2c63a0fbae..88ea272ee5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
[-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
[-o <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
- [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
+ [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] <repository> [<directory>]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
@@ -147,6 +147,14 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
as patches.
+--recursive::
+ After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within,
+ using their default settings. This is equivalent to running
+ 'git submodule update --init --recursive' immediately after
+ the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned
+ repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of
+ `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given)
+
<repository>::
The (possibly remote) repository to clone from. See the
<<URLS,URLS>> section below for more information on specifying
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index b5d81be7ec..64f94cfe12 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ git-commit - Record changes to the repository
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend]
- [(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>]
+'git commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] [--dry-run]
+ [(-c | -C) <commit>] [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--dry-run]
[--allow-empty] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
[--cleanup=<mode>] [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
@@ -42,10 +42,9 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the
operation. Currently, this is done by invoking 'git-add --interactive'.
-The 'git-status' command can be used to obtain a
+The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a
summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
-commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to
-this command.
+commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths).
If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after
that, you can recover from it with 'git-reset'.
@@ -70,6 +69,12 @@ OPTIONS
Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
the user can further edit the commit message.
+--dry-run::
+ Do not actually make a commit, but show the list of paths
+ with updates in the index, paths with changes in the work tree,
+ and paths that are untracked, similar to the one that is given
+ in the commit log editor.
+
-F <file>::
--file=<file>::
Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
@@ -198,6 +203,11 @@ specified.
--quiet::
Suppress commit summary message.
+--dry-run::
+ Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are
+ to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left
+ uncommitted and paths that are untracked.
+
\--::
Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index af2328d401..75b06f33e7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -82,6 +82,14 @@ marks the same across runs.
allow that. So fake a tagger to be able to fast-import the
output.
+--no-data::
+ Skip output of blob objects and instead refer to blobs via
+ their original SHA-1 hash. This is useful when rewriting the
+ directory structure or history of a repository without
+ touching the contents of individual files. Note that the
+ resulting stream can only be used by a repository which
+ already contains the necessary objects.
+
[git-rev-list-args...]::
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git-rev-parse' and
'git-rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index b753c9d76f..8c700200f5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
[-l | --files-with-matches] [-L | --files-without-match]
[-z | --null]
[-c | --count] [--all-match]
+ [--max-depth <depth>]
[--color | --no-color]
[-A <post-context>] [-B <pre-context>] [-C <context>]
[-f <file>] [-e] <pattern>
@@ -47,6 +48,10 @@ OPTIONS
-I::
Don't match the pattern in binary files.
+--max-depth <depth>::
+ For each pathspec given on command line, descend at most <depth>
+ levels of directories. A negative value means no limit.
+
-w::
--word-regexp::
Match the pattern only at word boundary (either begin at the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
index 1fd0ff2610..eba3cb4998 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git init-db' [-q | --quiet] [--template=<template_directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]]
+'git init-db' [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template_directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]]
DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index 7151d12f34..f081b24d9d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git init' [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template_directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]]
+'git init' [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template_directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]
OPTIONS
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ By default, the configuration flag receive.denyNonFastForwards is enabled
in shared repositories, so that you cannot force a non fast-forwarding push
into it.
+If you name a (possibly non-existent) directory at the end of the command
+line, the command is run inside the directory (possibly after creating it).
+
--
diff --git a/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
index 22da21a54f..0771f25443 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ OPTIONS
The HTTP daemon command-line that will be executed.
Command-line options may be specified here, and the
configuration file will be added at the end of the command-line.
- Currently lighttpd, apache2 and webrick are supported.
+ Currently apache2, lighttpd, mongoose and webrick are supported.
(Default: lighttpd)
-m::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
index 057a021eb5..021066e95d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ OPTIONS
-o::
--others::
- Show other files in the output
+ Show other (i.e. untracked) files in the output
-i::
--ignored::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
index 767486c770..ce5b369985 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ git-merge-base - Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git merge-base' [--all] <commit> <commit>...
+'git merge-base' [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-'git-merge-base' finds best common ancestor(s) between two commits to use
+'git merge-base' finds best common ancestor(s) between two commits to use
in a three-way merge. One common ancestor is 'better' than another common
ancestor if the latter is an ancestor of the former. A common ancestor
that does not have any better common ancestor is a 'best common
@@ -27,8 +27,13 @@ commits on the command line. As the most common special case, specifying only
two commits on the command line means computing the merge base between
the given two commits.
+As a consequence, the 'merge base' is not necessarily contained in each of the
+commit arguments if more than two commits are specified. This is different
+from linkgit:git-show-branch[1] when used with the `--merge-base` option.
+
OPTIONS
-------
+-a::
--all::
Output all merge bases for the commits, instead of just one.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
index 9c5660275b..bdcb58526e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ committed.
OPTIONS
-------
-f::
+--force::
Force renaming or moving of a file even if the target exists
-k::
Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
index b5f26cee13..abfc6b6ead 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-prune-packed - Remove extra objects that are already in pack files
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git prune-packed' [-n] [-q]
+'git prune-packed' [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]
DESCRIPTION
@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@ disk storage, etc.
OPTIONS
-------
-n::
+--dry-run::
Don't actually remove any objects, only show those that would have been
removed.
-q::
+--quiet::
Squelch the progress indicator.
Author
diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
index 7160fa1536..4a932b08c6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ git-read-tree - Reads tree information into the index
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git read-tree' (<tree-ish> | [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u | -i]] [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] [--index-output=<file>] <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])
+'git read-tree' [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>]
+ [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]]
+ [--index-output=<file>]
+ <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]]
DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index db1b71d248..0aefc34d0d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -268,8 +268,9 @@ OPTIONS
exit with the message "Current branch is up to date" in such a
situation.
+--ignore-whitespace::
--whitespace=<option>::
- This flag is passed to the 'git-apply' program
+ These flag are passed to the 'git-apply' program
(see linkgit:git-apply[1]) that applies the patch.
Incompatible with the --interactive option.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..915cb77b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+git-replace(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-replace - Create, list, delete refs to replace objects
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git replace' [-f] <object> <replacement>
+'git replace' -d <object>...
+'git replace' -l [<pattern>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Adds a 'replace' reference in `.git/refs/replace/`
+
+The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
+replaced. The content of the replace reference is the SHA1 of the
+replacement object.
+
+Unless `-f` is given, the replace reference must not yet exist in
+`.git/refs/replace/` directory.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-f::
+ If an existing replace ref for the same object exists, it will
+ be overwritten (instead of failing).
+
+-d::
+ Delete existing replace refs for the given objects.
+
+-l <pattern>::
+ List replace refs for objects that match the given pattern (or
+ all if no pattern is given).
+ Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace
+ refs.
+
+BUGS
+----
+Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that
+replace them will not work properly. And using 'git reset --hard' to
+go back to a replaced commit will move the branch to the replacement
+commit instead of the replaced commit.
+
+There may be other problems when using 'git rev-list' related to
+pending objects. And of course things may break if an object of one
+type is replaced by an object of another type (for example a blob
+replaced by a commit).
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-tag[1]
+linkgit:git-branch[1]
+
+Author
+------
+Written by Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> and Junio C
+Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>, based on 'git tag' by Kristian Hogsberg
+<krh@redhat.com> and Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com>.
+
+Documentation
+--------------
+Documentation by Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> and the
+git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>, based on 'git tag' documentation.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 974d9f527f..3341d1b62f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -51,20 +51,26 @@ SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
-given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
-useful to produce human-readable log output.
+List commits that are reachable by following the `parent` links from the
+given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s)
+given with a '{caret}' in front of them. The output is given in reverse
+chronological order by default.
-Commits which are stated with a preceding '{caret}' cause listing to
-stop at that point. Their parents are implied. Thus the following
-command:
+You can think of this as a set operation. Commits given on the command
+line form a set of commits that are reachable from any of them, and then
+commits reachable from any of the ones given with '{caret}' in front are
+subtracted from that set. The remaining commits are what comes out in the
+command's output. Various other options and paths parameters can be used
+to further limit the result.
+
+Thus, the following command:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
$ git rev-list foo bar ^baz
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
-not in 'baz'".
+means "list all the commits which are reachable from 'foo' or 'bar', but
+not from 'baz'".
A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index d6b192b7b9..767cf4d4bd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -142,8 +142,9 @@ user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
--smtp-server-port=<port>::
Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
- servers typically listen to smtp port 25 and ssmtp port
- 465); symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 465)
+ servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
+ submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
+ symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
index 89ec5364ec..734336119c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ git-show-branch - Show branches and their commits
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
-'git show-branch' [--all] [--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]
- [--current] [--color | --no-color]
+'git show-branch' [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]
+ [--current] [--color | --no-color] [--sparse]
[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]
[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics]
[<rev> | <glob>]...
+
'git show-branch' (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]
DESCRIPTION
@@ -81,9 +82,11 @@ OPTIONS
Synonym to `--more=-1`
--merge-base::
- Instead of showing the commit list, just act like the
- 'git-merge-base -a' command, except that it can accept
- more than two heads.
+ Instead of showing the commit list, determine possible
+ merge bases for the specified commits. All merge bases
+ will be contained in all specified commits. This is
+ different from how linkgit:git-merge-base[1] handles
+ the case of three or more commits.
--independent::
Among the <reference>s given, display only the ones that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
index 1c64a02fe5..2f5ca7b1a3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ no conflicts.
clear::
Remove all the stashed states. Note that those states will then
- be subject to pruning, and may be difficult or impossible to recover.
+ be subject to pruning, and may be impossible to recover (see
+ 'Examples' below for a possible strategy).
drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
@@ -217,6 +218,20 @@ $ edit/build/test remaining parts
$ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts'
----------------------------------------------------------------
+Recovering stashes that were cleared/dropped erroneously::
+
+If you mistakenly drop or clear stashes, they cannot be recovered
+through the normal safety mechanisms. However, you can try the
+following incantation to get a list of stashes that are still in your
+repository, but not reachable any more:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+git fsck --unreachable |
+grep commit | cut -d\ -f3 |
+xargs git log --merges --no-walk --grep=WIP
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-checkout[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index 7dd73ae14e..5ccdd18c89 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
[verse]
'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch]
[--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> <path>
-'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
- [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--] [<path>...]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach <command>
+ [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]
@@ -100,6 +100,9 @@ status::
initialized and `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
repository. This command is the default command for 'git-submodule'.
++
+If '--recursive' is specified, this command will recurse into nested
+submodules, and show their status as well.
init::
Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
@@ -122,21 +125,31 @@ update::
If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
submodule with the --init option.
++
+If '--recursive' is specified, this command will recurse into the
+registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
summary::
Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
in the submodule between the given super project commit and the
- index or working tree (switched by --cached) are shown.
+ index or working tree (switched by --cached) are shown. If the option
+ --files is given, show the series of commits in the submodule between
+ the index of the super project and the working tree of the submodule
+ (this option doesn't allow to use the --cached option or to provide an
+ explicit commit).
foreach::
Evaluates an arbitrary shell command in each checked out submodule.
- The command has access to the variables $path and $sha1:
+ The command has access to the variables $name, $path and $sha1:
+ $name is the name of the relevant submodule section in .gitmodules,
$path is the name of the submodule directory relative to the
superproject, and $sha1 is the commit as recorded in the superproject.
Any submodules defined in the superproject but not checked out are
ignored by this command. Unless given --quiet, foreach prints the name
of each submodule before evaluating the command.
+ If --recursive is given, submodules are traversed recursively (i.e.
+ the given shell command is evaluated in nested submodules as well).
A non-zero return from the command in any submodule causes
the processing to terminate. This can be overridden by adding '|| :'
to the end of the command.
@@ -169,6 +182,11 @@ OPTIONS
commands typically use the commit found in the submodule HEAD, but
with this option, the commit stored in the index is used instead.
+--files::
+ This option is only valid for the summary command. This command
+ compares the commit in the index with that in the submodule HEAD
+ when this option is used.
+
-n::
--summary-limit::
This option is only valid for the summary command.
@@ -209,6 +227,12 @@ OPTIONS
*NOTE*: Do *not* use this option unless you have read the note
for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s --reference and --shared options carefully.
+--recursive::
+ This option is only valid for foreach, update and status commands.
+ Traverse submodules recursively. The operation is performed not
+ only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
+ in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
+
<path>...::
Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index 22a0389f1e..1812890a7e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -102,9 +102,6 @@ COMMANDS
Store Git commit times in the local timezone instead of UTC. This
makes 'git log' (even without --date=local) show the same times
that `svn log` would in the local timezone.
-
---parent;;
- Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD.
+
This doesn't interfere with interoperating with the Subversion
repository you cloned from, but if you wish for your local Git
@@ -112,6 +109,9 @@ repository to be able to interoperate with someone else's local Git
repository, either don't use this option or you should both use it in
the same local timezone.
+--parent;;
+ Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD.
+
--ignore-paths=<regex>;;
This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will
cause skipping of all matching paths from checkout from SVN.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index fa733214ab..299b04f726 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -10,14 +10,15 @@ SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>]
- <name> [<commit> | <object>]
-'git tag' -d <name>...
+ <tagname> [<commit> | <object>]
+'git tag' -d <tagname>...
'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [<pattern>]
-'git tag' -v <name>...
+'git tag' -v <tagname>...
DESCRIPTION
-----------
-Adds a 'tag' reference in `.git/refs/tags/`
+
+Adds a tag reference in `.git/refs/tags/`.
Unless `-f` is given, the tag must not yet exist in
`.git/refs/tags/` directory.
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ OPTIONS
Make a GPG-signed tag, using the given key
-f::
+--force::
Replace an existing tag with the given name (instead of failing)
-d::
@@ -85,6 +87,12 @@ OPTIONS
Implies `-a` if none of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>`
is given.
+<tagname>::
+ The name of the tag to create, delete, or describe.
+ The new tag name must pass all checks defined by
+ linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
+ may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
+
CONFIGURATION
-------------
By default, 'git-tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
@@ -249,6 +257,10 @@ $ GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-10-02 10:31" git tag -s v1.0.1
------------
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].
+
Author
------
Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
index c8611632d1..97f7f9165e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git verify-pack' [-v] [--] <pack>.idx ...
+'git verify-pack' [-v|--verbose] [--] <pack>.idx ...
DESCRIPTION
@@ -23,8 +23,15 @@ OPTIONS
The idx files to verify.
-v::
+--verbose::
After verifying the pack, show list of objects contained
- in the pack.
+ in the pack and a histogram of delta chain length.
+
+-s::
+--stat-only::
+ Do not verify the pack contents; only show the histogram of delta
+ chain length. With `--verbose`, list of objects is also shown.
+
\--::
Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81e7ad7df4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
+gittutorial(7)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova)
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+git *
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git,
+adicionar mudanças a ele, e compartilhar mudanças com outros
+desenvolvedores.
+
+Se, ao invés disso, você está interessado primariamente em usar git para
+obter um projeto, por exemplo, para testar a última versão, você pode
+preferir começar com os primeiros dois capítulos de
+link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário Git].
+
+Primeiro, note que você pode obter documentação para um comando como
+`git log --graph` com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ man git-log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+ou:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git help log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Com a última forma, você pode usar o visualizador de manual de sua
+escolha; veja linkgit:git-help[1] para maior informação.
+
+É uma boa idéia informar ao git seu nome e endereço público de email
+antes de fazer qualquer operação. A maneira mais fácil de fazê-lo é:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name "Seu Nome Vem Aqui"
+$ git config --global user.email voce@seudominio.exemplo.com
+------------------------------------------------
+
+
+Importando um novo projeto
+-----------------------
+
+Assuma que você tem um tarball project.tar.gz com seu trabalho inicial.
+Você pode colocá-lo sob controle de revisão git da seguinte forma:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
+$ cd project
+$ git init
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Git irá responder
+
+------------------------------------------------
+Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Você agora iniciou seu diretório de trabalho--você deve ter notado um
+novo diretório criado, com o nome de ".git".
+
+A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os
+arquivos sob o diretório corrente (note o '.'), com 'git-add':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git add .
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Este instantâneo está agora armazenado em uma área temporária que o git
+chama de "index" ou índice. Você pode armazenar permanentemente o
+conteúdo do índice no repositório com 'git-commit':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto vai te pedir por uma mensagem de commit. Você agora gravou sua
+primeira versão de seu projeto no git.
+
+Fazendo mudanças
+--------------
+
+Modifique alguns arquivos, e, então, adicione seu conteúdo atualizado ao
+índice:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git add file1 file2 file3
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Você está agora pronto para fazer o commit. Você pode ver o que está
+para ser gravado usando 'git-diff' com a opção --cached:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff --cached
+------------------------------------------------
+
+(Sem --cached, o comando 'git-diff' irá te mostrar quaisquer mudanças
+que você tenha feito mas ainda não adicionou ao índice.) Você também
+pode obter um breve sumário da situação com 'git-status':
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git status
+# On branch master
+# Changes to be committed:
+# (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
+# modified: file1
+# modified: file2
+# modified: file3
+#
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se você precisar fazer qualquer outro ajuste, faça-o agora, e, então,
+adicione qualquer conteúdo modificado ao índice. Finalmente, grave suas
+mudanças com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto irá novamente te pedir por uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança, e,
+então, gravar a nova versão do projeto.
+
+Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+o que irá automaticamente notar quaisquer arquivos modificados (mas não
+novos), adicioná-los ao índices, e gravar, tudo em um único passo.
+
+Uma nota em mensagens de commit: Apesar de não ser exigido, é uma boa
+idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50
+caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco
+e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam
+commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de
+cabeçalho Subject: e o resto no corpo.
+
+Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos
+----------------------------
+
+Muitos sistemas de controle de revisão provêem um comando `add` que diz
+ao sistema para começar a rastrear mudanças em um novo arquivo. O
+comando `add` do git faz algo mais simples e mais poderoso: 'git-add' é
+usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e
+em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena
+o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit.
+
+Visualizando história do projeto
+-----------------------
+
+Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças
+usando
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se você também quer ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log -p
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Geralmente, uma visão geral da mudança é útil para ter a sensação de
+cada passo
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git log --stat --summary
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Gerenciando "branches"/ramos
+-----------------
+
+Um simples repositório git pode manter múltiplos ramos de
+desenvolvimento. Para criar um novo ramo chamado "experimental", use
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se você executar agora
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch
+------------------------------------------------
+
+você vai obter uma lista de todos os ramos existentes:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+ experimental
+* master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+O ramo "experimental" é o que você acaba de criar, e o ramo "master" é o
+ramo padrão que foi criado pra você automaticamente. O asterisco marca
+o ramo em que você está atualmente; digite
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git checkout experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+para mudar para o ramo experimental. Agora edite um arquivo, grave a
+mudança, e mude de volta para o ramo master:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(edita arquivo)
+$ git commit -a
+$ git checkout master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Verifique que a mudança que você fez não está mais visível, já que ela
+foi feita no ramo experimental e você está de volta ao ramo master.
+
+Você pode fazer uma mudança diferente no ramo master:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(edit file)
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+neste ponto, os dois ramos divergiram, com diferentes mudanças feitas em
+cada um. Para unificar as mudanças feitas no experimental para o
+master, execute
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git merge experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Se as mudanças não conflitarem, estará pronto. Se existirem conflitos,
+marcadores serão deixados nos arquivos problemáticos exibindo o
+conflito;
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git diff
+------------------------------------------------
+
+vai exibir isto. Após você editar os arquivos para resolver os
+conflitos,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git commit -a
+------------------------------------------------
+
+irá gravar o resultado da unificação. Finalmente,
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk
+------------------------------------------------
+
+vai mostrar uma bela representação gráfica da história resultante.
+
+Neste ponto você pode remover seu ramo experimental com
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git branch -d experimental
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Este comando garante que as mudanças no ramo experimental já estão no
+ramo atual.
+
+Se você desenvolve em um ramo ideia-louca, e se arrepende, você pode
+sempre remover o ramo com
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git branch -D ideia-louca
+-------------------------------------
+
+Ramos são baratos e fáceis, então isto é uma boa maneira de experimentar
+alguma coisa.
+
+Usando git para colaboração
+---------------------------
+
+Suponha que Alice começou um novo projeto com um repositório git em
+/home/alice/project, e que Bob, que tem um diretório home na mesma
+máquina, quer contribuir.
+
+Bob começa com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isso cria um novo diretório "myrepo" contendo um clone do repositório de
+Alice. O clone está no mesmo pé que o projeto original, possuindo sua
+própria cópia da história do projeto original.
+
+Bob então faz algumas mudanças e as grava:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+(editar arquivos)
+bob$ git commit -a
+(repetir conforme necessário)
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Quanto está pronto, ele diz a Alice para puxar as mudanças do
+repositório em /home/bob/myrepo. Ela o faz com:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ cd /home/alice/project
+alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto unifica as mudanças do ramo "master" do Bob ao ramo atual de Alice.
+Se Alice fez suas próprias mudanças no intervalo, ela, então, pode
+precisar corrigir manualmente quaisquer conflitos. (Note que o argumento
+"master" no comando acima é, de fato, desnecessário, já que é o padrão.)
+
+O comando "pull" executa, então, duas operações: ele obtém mudanças de
+um ramo remoto, e, então, as unifica no ramo atual.
+
+Note que, em geral, Alice gostaria que suas mudanças locais fossem
+gravadas antes de iniciar este "pull". Se o trabalho de Bob conflita
+com o que Alice fez desde que suas histórias se ramificaram, Alice irá
+usar seu diretório de trabalho e o índice para resolver conflitos, e
+mudanças locais existentes irão interferir com o processo de resolução
+de conflitos (git ainda irá realizar a obtenção mas irá se recusar a
+unificar --- Alice terá que se livrar de suas mudanças locais de alguma
+forma e puxar de novo quando isso acontecer).
+
+Alice pode espiar o que Bob fez sem unificar primeiro, usando o comando
+"fetch"; isto permite Alice inspecionar o que Bob fez, usando um símbolo
+especial "FETCH_HEAD", com o fim de determinar se ele tem alguma coisa
+que vale puxar, assim:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
+alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Esta operação é segura mesmo se Alice tem mudanças locais não gravadas.
+A notação de intervalo "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" significa mostrar tudo que é
+alcançável de FETCH_HEAD mas exclua tudo o que é alcançável de HEAD.
+Alice já sabe tudo que leva a seu estado atual (HEAD), e revisa o que Bob
+tem em seu estado (FETCH_HEAD) que ela ainda não viu com esse comando.
+
+Se Alice quer visualizar o que Bob fez desde que suas histórias se
+ramificaram, ela pode disparar o seguinte comando:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto usa a mesma notação de intervalo que vimos antes com 'git log'.
+
+Alice pode querer ver o que ambos fizeram desde que ramificaram. Ela
+pode usar a forma com três pontos ao invés da forma com dois pontos:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Isto significa "mostre tudo que é alcançável de qualquer um deles, mas
+exclua tudo que é alcançável a partir de ambos".
+
+Por favor, note que essas notações de intervalo podem ser usadas tanto
+com gitk quanto com "git log".
+
+Após inspecionar o que Bob fez, se não há nada urgente, Alice pode
+decidir continuar trabalhando sem puxar de Bob. Se a história de Bob
+tem alguma coisa que Alice precisa imediatamente, Alice pode optar por
+separar seu trabalho em progresso primeiro, fazer um "pull", e, então,
+finalmente, retomar seu trabalho em progresso em cima da história
+resultante.
+
+Quando você está trabalhando em um pequeno grupo unido, não é incomum
+interagir com o mesmo repositório várias e várias vezes. Definindo um
+repositório remoto antes de tudo, você pode fazê-lo mais facilmente:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Com isso, Alice pode executar a primeira parte da operação "pull" usando
+o comando 'git-fetch' sem unificar suas mudanças com seu próprio ramo,
+usando:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git fetch bob
+-------------------------------------
+
+Diferente da forma longa, quando Alice obteve de Bob usando um
+repositório remoto antes definido com 'git-remote', o que foi obtido é
+armazenado em um ramo remoto, neste caso `bob/master`. Então, após isso:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+mostra uma lista de todas as mudanças que Bob fez desde que ramificou do
+ramo master de Alice.
+
+Após examinar essas mudanças, Alice pode unificá-las em seu ramo master:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git merge bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+Esse `merge` pode também ser feito puxando de seu próprio ramo remoto,
+assim:
+
+-------------------------------------
+alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note que 'git pull' sempre unifica ao ramo atual, independente do que
+mais foi passado na linha de comando.
+
+Depois, Bob pode atualizar seu repositório com as últimas mudanças de
+Alice, usando
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git pull
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note que ele não precisa dar o caminho do repositório de Alice; quando
+Bob clonou seu repositório, o git armazenou a localização de seu
+repositório na configuração do mesmo, e essa localização é usada
+para puxar:
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
+/home/alice/project
+-------------------------------------
+
+(A configuração completa criada por 'git-clone' é visível usando `git
+config -l`, e a página de manual linkgit:git-config[1] explica o
+significado de cada opção.)
+
+Git também mantém uma cópia limpa do ramo master de Alice sob o nome
+"origin/master":
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git branch -r
+ origin/master
+-------------------------------------
+
+Se Bob decidir depois em trabalhar em um host diferente, ele ainda pode
+executar clones e puxar usando o protocolo ssh:
+
+-------------------------------------
+bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
+-------------------------------------
+
+Alternativamente, o git tem um protocolo nativo, ou pode usar rsync ou
+http; veja linkgit:git-pull[1] para detalhes.
+
+Git pode também ser usado em um modo parecido com CVS, com um
+repositório central para o qual vários usuários empurram modificações;
+veja linkgit:git-push[1] e linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+Explorando história
+-----------------
+
+A história no git é representada como uma série de commits
+interrelacionados. Nós já vimos que o comando 'git-log' pode listar
+esses commits. Note que a primeira linha de cada entrada no log também
+dá o nome para o commit:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log
+commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
+Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
+Date: Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
+
+ merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
+-------------------------------------
+
+Nós podemos dar este nome ao 'git-show' para ver os detalhes sobre este
+commit.
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
+-------------------------------------
+
+Mas há outras formas de se referir aos commits. Você pode usar qualquer
+parte inicial do nome que seja longo o bastante para identificar
+unicamente o commit:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show c82a22c39c # os primeiros caracteres do nome são o bastante
+ # usualmente
+$ git show HEAD # a ponta do ramo atual
+$ git show experimental # a ponta do ramo "experimental"
+-------------------------------------
+
+Todo commit normalmente tem um commit "pai" que aponta para o estado
+anterior do projeto:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^ # para ver o pai de HEAD
+$ git show HEAD^^ # para ver o avô de HEAD
+$ git show HEAD~4 # para ver o trisavô de HEAD
+-------------------------------------
+
+Note que commits de unificação podem ter mais de um pai:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show HEAD^1 # mostra o primeiro pai de HEAD (o mesmo que HEAD^)
+$ git show HEAD^2 # mostra o segundo pai de HEAD
+-------------------------------------
+
+Você também pode dar aos commits nomes à sua escolha; após executar
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
+-------------------------------------
+
+você pode se referir a 1b2e1d63ff pelo nome "v2.5". Se você pretende
+compartilhar esse nome com outras pessoas (por exemplo, para identificar
+uma versão de lançamento), você deveria criar um objeto "tag", e talvez
+assiná-lo; veja linkgit:git-tag[1] para detalhes.
+
+Qualquer comando git que precise conhecer um commit pode receber
+quaisquer desses nomes. Por exemplo:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git diff v2.5 HEAD # compara o HEAD atual com v2.5
+$ git branch stable v2.5 # inicia um novo ramo chamado "stable" baseado
+ # em v2.5
+$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reseta seu ramo atual e seu diretório de
+ # trabalho a seu estado em HEAD^
+-------------------------------------
+
+Seja cuidadoso com o último comando: além de perder quaisquer mudanças
+em seu diretório de trabalho, ele também remove todos os commits
+posteriores desse ramo. Se esse ramo é o único ramo contendo esses
+commits, eles serão perdidos. Também, não use 'git-reset' num ramo
+publicamente visível de onde outros desenvolvedores puxam, já que vai
+forçar unificações desnecessárias para que outros desenvolvedores limpem
+a história. Se você precisa desfazer mudanças que você empurrou, use
+'git-revert' no lugar.
+
+O comando 'git-grep' pode buscar strings em qualquer versão de seu
+projeto, então
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git grep "hello" v2.5
+-------------------------------------
+
+procura por todas as ocorrências de "hello" em v2.5.
+
+Se você deixar de fora o nome do commit, 'git-grep' irá procurar
+quaisquer dos arquivos que ele gerencia no diretório corrente. Então
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git grep "hello"
+-------------------------------------
+
+é uma forma rápida de buscar somente os arquivos que são rastreados pelo
+git.
+
+Muitos comandos git também recebem um conjunto de commits, o que pode
+ser especificado de várias formas. Aqui estão alguns exemplos com 'git-log':
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log v2.5..v2.6 # commits entre v2.5 e v2.6
+$ git log v2.5.. # commits desde v2.5
+$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits das últimas 2 semanas
+$ git log v2.5.. Makefile # commits desde v2.5 que modificam
+ # Makefile
+-------------------------------------
+
+Você também pode dar ao 'git-log' um "intervalo" de commits onde o
+primeiro não é necessariamente um ancestral do segundo; por exemplo, se
+as pontas dos ramos "stable" e "master" divergiram de um commit
+comum algum tempo atrás, então
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log stable..master
+-------------------------------------
+
+irá listar os commits feitos no ramo "master" mas não no ramo
+"stable", enquanto
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git log master..stable
+-------------------------------------
+
+irá listar a lista de commits feitos no ramo "stable" mas não no ramo
+"master".
+
+O comando 'git-log' tem uma fraqueza: ele precisa mostrar os commits em
+uma lista. Quando a história tem linhas de desenvolvimento que
+divergiram e então foram unificadas novamente, a ordem em que 'git-log'
+apresenta essas mudanças é irrelevante.
+
+A maioria dos projetos com múltiplos contribuidores (como o kernel
+Linux, ou o próprio git) tem unificações frequentes, e 'gitk' faz um
+trabalho melhor de visualizar sua história. Por exemplo,
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
+-------------------------------------
+
+permite a você navegar em quaisquer commits desde as últimas duas semanas
+de commits que modificaram arquivos sob o diretório "drivers". (Nota:
+você pode ajustar as fontes do gitk segurando a tecla control enquanto
+pressiona "-" ou "+".)
+
+Finalmente, a maioria dos comandos que recebem nomes de arquivo permitirão
+também, opcionalmente, preceder qualquer nome de arquivo por um
+commit, para especificar uma versão particular do arquivo:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
+-------------------------------------
+
+Você pode usar 'git-show' para ver tal arquivo:
+
+-------------------------------------
+$ git show v2.5:Makefile
+-------------------------------------
+
+Próximos passos
+----------
+
+Este tutorial deve ser o bastante para operar controle de revisão
+distribuído básico para seus projetos. No entanto, para entender
+plenamente a profundidade e o poder do git você precisa entender duas
+idéias simples nas quais ele se baseia:
+
+ * A base de objetos é um sistema bem elegante usado para armazenar a
+ história de seu projeto--arquivos, diretórios, e commits.
+
+ * O arquivo de índice é um cache do estado de uma árvore de diretório,
+ usado para criar commits, restaurar diretórios de trabalho, e
+ armazenar as várias árvores envolvidas em uma unificação.
+
+A parte dois deste tutorial explica a base de objetos, o arquivo de
+índice, e algumas outras coisinhas que você vai precisar pra usar o
+máximo do git. Você pode encontrá-la em linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+
+Se você não quiser continuar com o tutorial agora nesse momento, algumas
+outras digressões que podem ser interessantes neste ponto são:
+
+ * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: Estes convertem
+ séries de commits em patches para email, e vice-versa, úteis para
+ projetos como o kernel Linux que dependem fortemente de patches
+ enviados por email.
+
+ * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: Quando há uma regressão em seu projeto, uma
+ forma de rastrear um bug é procurando pela história para encontrar o
+ commit culpado. Git bisect pode ajudar a executar uma busca binária
+ por esse commit. Ele é inteligente o bastante para executar uma
+ busca próxima da ótima mesmo no caso de uma história complexa
+ não-linear com muitos ramos unificados.
+
+ * link:everyday.html[GIT diariamente com 20 e tantos comandos]
+
+ * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git para usuários de CVS.
+
+VEJA TAMBÉM
+--------
+linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
+linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
+linkgit:gitglossary[7],
+linkgit:git-help[1],
+link:everyday.html[git diariamente],
+link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário git]
+
+GIT
+---
+Parte da suite linkgit:git[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
index 2efe7a40be..b26c28133c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
@@ -35,12 +35,32 @@ Functions
Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
- or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`, or
- `RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR` that correspond to the members
- .no_stdin, .git_cmd, .stdout_to_stderr of `struct child_process`.
+ or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`,
+ `RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR`, or `RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE`
+ that correspond to the members .no_stdin, .git_cmd,
+ .stdout_to_stderr, .silent_exec_failure of `struct child_process`.
The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
corresponds to the member .env.
+The functions above do the following:
+
+. If a system call failed, errno is set and -1 is returned. A diagnostic
+ is printed.
+
+. If the program was not found, then -1 is returned and errno is set to
+ ENOENT; a diagnostic is printed only if .silent_exec_failure is 0.
+
+. Otherwise, the program is run. If it terminates regularly, its exit
+ code is returned. No diagnistic is printed, even if the exit code is
+ non-zero.
+
+. If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
+ signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
+ condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
+ exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
+ POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
+
+
`start_async`::
Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a `struct
@@ -143,6 +163,11 @@ string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
specify it in the .dir member.
+If the program cannot be found, the functions return -1 and set
+errno to ENOENT. Normally, an error message is printed, but if
+.silent_exec_failure is set to 1, no message is printed for this
+special error condition.
+
* `struct async`
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
index e3ddf91284..55b728632c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-tree-walking.txt
@@ -1,12 +1,145 @@
tree walking API
================
-Talk about <tree-walk.h>, things like
+The tree walking API is used to traverse and inspect trees.
-* struct tree_desc
-* init_tree_desc
-* tree_entry_extract
-* update_tree_entry
-* get_tree_entry
+Data Structures
+---------------
-(JC, Linus)
+`struct name_entry`::
+
+ An entry in a tree. Each entry has a sha1 identifier, pathname, and
+ mode.
+
+`struct tree_desc`::
+
+ A semi-opaque data structure used to maintain the current state of the
+ walk.
++
+* `buffer` is a pointer into the memory representation of the tree. It always
+points at the current entry being visited.
+
+* `size` counts the number of bytes left in the `buffer`.
+
+* `entry` points to the current entry being visited.
+
+`struct traverse_info`::
+
+ A structure used to maintain the state of a traversal.
++
+* `prev` points to the traverse_info which was used to descend into the
+current tree. If this is the top-level tree `prev` will point to
+a dummy traverse_info.
+
+* `name` is the entry for the current tree (if the tree is a subtree).
+
+* `pathlen` is the length of the full path for the current tree.
+
+* `conflicts` can be used by callbacks to maintain directory-file conflicts.
+
+* `fn` is a callback called for each entry in the tree. See Traversing for more
+information.
+
+* `data` can be anything the `fn` callback would want to use.
+
+Initializing
+------------
+
+`init_tree_desc`::
+
+ Initialize a `tree_desc` and decode its first entry. The buffer and
+ size parameters are assumed to be the same as the buffer and size
+ members of `struct tree`.
+
+`fill_tree_descriptor`::
+
+ Initialize a `tree_desc` and decode its first entry given the sha1 of
+ a tree. Returns the `buffer` member if the sha1 is a valid tree
+ identifier and NULL otherwise.
+
+`setup_traverse_info`::
+
+ Initialize a `traverse_info` given the pathname of the tree to start
+ traversing from. The `base` argument is assumed to be the `path`
+ member of the `name_entry` being recursed into unless the tree is a
+ top-level tree in which case the empty string ("") is used.
+
+Walking
+-------
+
+`tree_entry`::
+
+ Visit the next entry in a tree. Returns 1 when there are more entries
+ left to visit and 0 when all entries have been visited. This is
+ commonly used in the test of a while loop.
+
+`tree_entry_len`::
+
+ Calculate the length of a tree entry's pathname. This utilizes the
+ memory structure of a tree entry to avoid the overhead of using a
+ generic strlen().
+
+`update_tree_entry`::
+
+ Walk to the next entry in a tree. This is commonly used in conjunction
+ with `tree_entry_extract` to inspect the current entry.
+
+`tree_entry_extract`::
+
+ Decode the entry currently being visited (the one pointed to by
+ `tree_desc's` `entry` member) and return the sha1 of the entry. The
+ `pathp` and `modep` arguments are set to the entry's pathname and mode
+ respectively.
+
+`get_tree_entry`::
+
+ Find an entry in a tree given a pathname and the sha1 of a tree to
+ search. Returns 0 if the entry is found and -1 otherwise. The third
+ and fourth parameters are set to the entry's sha1 and mode
+ respectively.
+
+Traversing
+----------
+
+`traverse_trees`::
+
+ Traverse `n` number of trees in parallel. The `fn` callback member of
+ `traverse_info` is called once for each tree entry.
+
+`traverse_callback_t`::
+ The arguments passed to the traverse callback are as follows:
++
+* `n` counts the number of trees being traversed.
+
+* `mask` has its nth bit set if something exists in the nth entry.
+
+* `dirmask` has its nth bit set if the nth tree's entry is a directory.
+
+* `entry` is an array of size `n` where the nth entry is from the nth tree.
+
+* `info` maintains the state of the traversal.
+
++
+Returning a negative value will terminate the traversal. Otherwise the
+return value is treated as an update mask. If the nth bit is set the nth tree
+will be updated and if the bit is not set the nth tree entry will be the
+same in the next callback invocation.
+
+`make_traverse_path`::
+
+ Generate the full pathname of a tree entry based from the root of the
+ traversal. For example, if the traversal has recursed into another
+ tree named "bar" the pathname of an entry "baz" in the "bar"
+ tree would be "bar/baz".
+
+`traverse_path_len`::
+
+ Calculate the length of a pathname returned by `make_traverse_path`.
+ This utilizes the memory structure of a tree entry to avoid the
+ overhead of using a generic strlen().
+
+Authors
+-------
+
+Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds
+<torvalds@linux-foundation.org>