diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
60 files changed, 1817 insertions, 387 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index 559d5f9ebf..a600e35c81 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -145,6 +145,14 @@ For C programs: they were describing changes. Often splitting a function into two makes the intention of the code much clearer. + - Multi-line comments include their delimiters on separate lines from + the text. E.g. + + /* + * A very long + * multi-line comment. + */ + - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation at all. @@ -242,6 +250,14 @@ Writing Documentation: processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the same directory). + The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK) + norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate. + In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently + used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US + (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing + documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the + Documentation/SubmittingPatches file). + Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation. The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing conventions. A few commented examples follow to provide reference diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 0cfdc36b44..4f13a23893 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ MAKEINFO = makeinfo INSTALL_INFO = install-info DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi DBLATEX = dblatex +ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR = /etc/asciidoc/dblatex ifndef PERL_PATH PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl endif @@ -354,7 +355,7 @@ user-manual.texi: user-manual.xml user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml $(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \ - $(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \ + $(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \ mv $@+ $@ gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt index a0d24d1270..f0cfd02d6f 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.11.1 * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly. * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that - claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it. + claimed that the tree-ish HEAD did not have COPYING in it. * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa50f0543a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +Git v1.8.5 Release Notes +======================== + +Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0) +------------------------------------------ + +When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the +traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent +to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name +over there). In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple" +semantics that pushes: + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only + when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote + branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you + are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from. + +Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to +change this. If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching" +semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the +traditional behaviour. If you want to live in the future early, you +can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0. + +When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and +does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it +will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency +with "git commit -a" and other commands. There will be no +mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .". +Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start +training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." +before Git 2.0 comes. A warning is issued when these commands are +run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the +current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different +from today's version in such a situation. + +In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so +that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory +and record the removal. Versions before Git 2.0, including this +release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this +behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>" +now before 2.0 is released. + +The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0. For a long +time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under +refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless +it is told otherwise with its --prefix option. + + +Updates since v1.8.4 +-------------------- + +Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports. + + * "git-svn" used with SVN 1.8.0 when talking over https:// connection + dumped core due to a bug in the serf library that SVN uses. Work + it around on our side, even though the SVN side is being fixed. + + * On MacOS X, we detected if the filesystem needs the "pre-composed + unicode strings" workaround, but did not automatically enable it. + Now we do. + + * remote-hg remote helper misbehaved when interacting with a local Hg + repository relative to the home directory, e.g. "clone hg::~/there". + + * imap-send ported to OS X uses Apple's security framework instead of + OpenSSL one. + + * Subversion 1.8.0 that was recently released breaks older subversion + clients coming over http/https in various ways. + + * "git fast-import" treats an empty path given to "ls" as the root of + the tree. + + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * "git replace" helper no longer allows an object to be replaced with + another object of a different type to avoid confusion (you can + still manually craft such replacement using "git update-ref", as an + escape hatch). + + * "git status" no longer prints dirty status information for + submodules for which submodule.$name.ignore is set to "all". + + * "git rebase -i" honours core.abbrev when preparing the insn sheet + for editing. + + * "git status" during a cherry-pick shows what original commit is + being picked. + + * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now, + e.g. "git log @". + + * "git check-ignore" follows the same rule as "git add" and "git + status" in that the ignore/exclude mechanism does not take effect + on paths that are already tracked. With "--no-index" option, it + can be used to diagnose which paths that should have been ignored + have been mistakenly added to the index. + + * Some irrelevant "advice" messages that are shared with "git status" + output have been removed from the commit log template. + + * "update-refs" learnt a "--stdin" option to read multiple update + requests and perform them in an all-or-none fashion. + + * Just like "make -C <directory>", "git -C <directory> ..." tells Git + to go there before doing anything else. + + * Just like "git checkout -" knows to check out and "git merge -" + knows to merge the branch you were previously on, "git cherry-pick" + now understands "git cherry-pick -" to pick from the previous + branch. + + * "git status" now omits the prefix to make its output a comment in a + commit log editor, which is not necessary for human consumption. + Scripts that parse the output of "git status" are advised to use + "git status --porcelain" instead, as its format is stable and easier + to parse. + + * Make "foo^{tag}" to peel a tag to itself, i.e. no-op., and fail if + "foo" is not a tag. "git rev-parse --verify v1.0^{tag}" would be + a more convenient way to say "test $(git cat-file -t v1.0) = tag". + + * "git branch -v -v" (and "git status") did not distinguish among a + branch that does not build on any other branch, a branch that is in + sync with the branch it builds on, and a branch that is configured + to build on some other branch that no longer exists. + + * A packfile that stores the same object more than once is broken and + will be rejected by "git index-pack" that is run when receiving + data over the wire. + + * Earlier we started rejecting an attempt to add 0{40} object name to + the index and to tree objects, but it sometimes is necessary to + allow so to be able to use tools like filter-branch to correct such + broken tree objects. "filter-branch" can again be used to to do + so. + + * "git config" did not provide a way to set or access numbers larger + than a native "int" on the platform; it now provides 64-bit signed + integers on all platforms. + + * "git pull --rebase" always chose to do the bog-standard flattening + rebase. You can tell it to run "rebase --preserve-merges" by + setting "pull.rebase" configuration to "preserve". + + * "git push --no-thin" actually disables the "thin pack transfer" + optimization. + + * Magic pathspecs like ":(icase)makefile" that matches both + Makefile and makefile can be used in more places. + + * The "http.*" variables can now be specified per URL that the + configuration applies. For example, + + [http] + sslVerify = true + [http "https://weak.example.com/"] + sslVerify = false + + would flip http.sslVerify off only when talking to that specified + site. + + * "git mv A B" when moving a submodule A has been taught to + relocate its working tree and to adjust the paths in the + .gitmodules file. + + * "git blame" can now take more than one -L option to discover the + origin of multiple blocks of the lines. + + * The http transport clients can optionally ask to save cookies + with http.savecookies configuration variable. + + * "git push" learned a more fine grained control over a blunt + "--force" when requesting a non-fast-forward update with the + "--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expected object name>" option. + + * "git diff --diff-filter=<classes of changes>" can now take + lowercase letters (e.g. "--diff-filter=d") to mean "show + everything but these classes". "git diff-files -q" is now a + deprecated synonym for "git diff-files --diff-filter=d". + + * "git fetch" (hence "git pull" as well) learned to check + "fetch.prune" and "remote.*.prune" configuration variables and + to behave as if the "--prune" command line option was given. + + * "git check-ignore -z" applied the NUL termination to both its input + (with --stdin) and its output, but "git check-attr -z" ignored the + option on the output side. Make both honor -z on the input and + output side the same way. + + * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of + it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time + wonderig what the difference is between it and "git log". Make it + less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain + that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in + its own document. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * "git repack" is now written in C. + + * Build procedure for MSVC has been updated. + + * If a build-time fallback is set to "cat" instead of "less", we + should apply the same "no subprocess or pipe" optimization as we + apply to user-supplied GIT_PAGER=cat. + + * Many commands use --dashed-option as a operation mode selector + (e.g. "git tag --delete") that the user can use at most one + (e.g. "git tag --delete --verify" is a nonsense) and you cannot + negate (e.g. "git tag --no-delete" is a nonsense). parse-options + API learned a new OPT_CMDMODE macro to make it easier to implement + such a set of options. + + * OPT_BOOLEAN() in parse-options API was misdesigned to be "counting + up" but many subcommands expect it to behave as "on/off". Update + them to use OPT_BOOL() which is a proper boolean. + + * "git gc" exits early without doing a double-work when it detects + that another instance of itself is already running. + + * Under memory pressure and/or file descriptor pressure, we used to + close pack windows that are not used and also closed filehandle to + an open but unused packfiles. These are now controlled separately + to better cope with the load. + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.8.4 +------------------ + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for +details). + + * "git clone" gave some progress messages to the standard output, not + to the standard error, and did not allow suppressing them with the + --no-progress option. + (merge 643f918 jk/clone-progress-to-stderr later to maint). + + * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit unnecessary in-body + from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author. + (merge 662cc30 jk/format-patch-from later to maint). + + * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed + commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignore such a commit + and keeps going. + (merge cd4f09e jk/shortlog-tolerate-broken-commit later to maint). + + * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command + line option correctly. + (merge 6562928 jk/diff-algo later to maint). + + * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side + computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as + dropped connection. The server side has been taught to send a + small empty messages to keep the connection alive. + (merge 115dedd jk/upload-pack-keepalive later to maint). + + * "git rebase" had a portability regression in v1.8.4 to trigger a + bug in some BSD shell implementations. + (merge 99855dd mm/rebase-continue-freebsd-WB later to maint). + + * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later + that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a + local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking from. + (merge b0f49ff jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint). + + * When the webserver responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git + http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with + the "Allow" header. + (merge 9247be0 bc/http-backend-allow-405 later to maint). + + * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history + during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the + sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent. + (merge f21d2a7 nd/fetch-into-shallow later to maint). + + * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for + executable files. + (merge 1b48d56 jc/cvsserver-perm-bit-fix later to maint). + + * When send-email comes up with an error message to die with upon + failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error string + from a wrong place. + (merge 6cb0c88 bc/send-email-ssl-die-message-fix later to maint). + + * The implementation of "add -i" has a crippling code to work around + ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git + for Windows where MSYS perl is used. + (merge df17e77 js/add-i-mingw later to maint). + + * We made sure that we notice the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a + gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a + gitfile. + (merge 487a2b7 nd/git-dir-pointing-at-gitfile later to maint). + + * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and then + loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to + prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to + has_sha1_file(). + (merge 45e8a74 jk/has-sha1-file-retry-packed later to maint). + + * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical + "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name + from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the + preferred author name. + (merge ea16794 ap/commit-author-mailmap later to maint). + + * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree + that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but + shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which + made it unnecessarily inefficient. + (merge 680be04 jc/ls-files-killed-optim later to maint). + + * The commit object names in the insn sheet that was prepared at the + beginning of "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the + rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make + sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names. + (merge 75c6976 es/rebase-i-no-abbrev later to maint). + + * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery + and as a side effect, left merge summary message in the log, but + when rebasing, there should not be a need for merge summary. + (merge a9f739c rt/rebase-p-no-merge-summary later to maint). + + * A call to xread() was used without a loop around to cope with short + read in the codepath to stream new contents to a pack. + (merge e92527c js/xread-in-full later to maint). + + * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character can be + configurable while reading its insn sheet. + (merge 7bca7af es/rebase-i-respect-core-commentchar later to maint). + + * The mailmap support code read past the allocated buffer when the + mailmap file ended with an incomplete line. + (merge f972a16 jk/mailmap-incomplete-line later to maint). + + * We used to send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a single + system call, which was bad from the latency point of view when + the operation needs to be killed, and also triggered an error on + broken 64-bit systems that refuse to take more than 2GB read or + write in one go. + (merge a487916 sp/clip-read-write-to-8mb later to maint). + + * "git fetch" that auto-followed tags incorrectly reused the + connection with Git-aware transport helper (like the sample "ext::" + helper shipped with Git). + (merge 0f73f8b jc/transport-do-not-use-connect-twice-in-fetch later to maint). + + * "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" showed a huge diff for paths + outside the given <pathspec> for each commit, instead of showing + the change relative to the parent of the commit. "git reflog -p" + had a similar problem. + (merge 838f9a1 tr/log-full-diff-keep-true-parents later to maint). + + * Setting submodule.*.path configuration variable to true (without + giving "= value") caused Git to segfault. + (merge 4b05440 jl/some-submodule-config-are-not-boolean later to maint). + + * "git rebase -i" (there could be others, as the root cause is pretty + generic) fed a random, data dependeant string to 'echo' and + expects it to come out literally, corrupting its error message. + (merge 89b0230 mm/no-shell-escape-in-die-message later to maint). + + * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot + grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' the prompt and + completion code started to use recently. + (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint). + + * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on + platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros. + (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3). + + * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a + shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags. + (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3). diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index d0a4733e45..705557689d 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -65,7 +65,20 @@ feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. Also make sure that the |