diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.txt | 28 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/SubmittingPatches | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/config.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-add.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-archive.txt | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-fetch.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-remote.txt | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-svn.txt | 17 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/revisions.txt | 198 |
14 files changed, 182 insertions, 128 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt index e914904021..ff06e04a58 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt @@ -24,14 +24,12 @@ Fixes since v1.7.4.3 fast-forwarding from emptiness to the version being pulled, with the usual protection against overwriting untracked files. + * "git submodule" that is run while a merge in the superproject is in + conflicted state tried to process each conflicted submodule up to + three times. + * "git status" spent all the effort to notice racily-clean index entries but didn't update the index file to help later operations go faster in some cases. And other minor fixes and documentation updates. - ---- -exec >/var/tmp/1 -O=v1.7.4.3-22-g8c8674f -echo O=$(git describe maint) -git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b7a0eeb22f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +Git v1.7.4.5 Release Notes +========================== + +This contains only minor documentation fixes accumulated since 1.7.4.4. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cfd9b2aa22 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +Git v1.7.5.1 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.5 +------------------ + + * The "--date=relative" output format used to say "X years, 12 months" + when it should have said "X+1 years". + + * An error message from "git send-email" to diagnose a broken SMTP + connection configuration lacked a space between "hello=<smtp-domain>" + and "port=<smtp-server-port>". + +And other minor fixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.txt index 9c72084ff9..987919c321 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.txt @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Git v1.7.5 Release Notes (draft) +Git v1.7.5 Release Notes ======================== Updates since v1.7.4 @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.4 * Various git-p4 enhancements (in contrib). - * Various vcs-svn enhancements. + * Various vcs-svn, git-svn and gitk enhancements and fixes. * Various git-gui updates (0.14.0). @@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ Updates since v1.7.4 negotiation is done. This saves one HTTP RPC, reducing the overall latency for a trivial fetch. + * "git fetch" can be told to recursively fetch submodules on-demand. + * "git grep -f <filename>" learned to treat "-" as "read from the standard input stream". @@ -92,16 +94,16 @@ Updates since v1.7.4 "tracking" is used as the push.default semantics or there is no remote configured yet. + * A possible value to the "push.default" configuration variable, + 'tracking', gained a synonym that more naturally describes what it + does, 'upstream'. + * "git rerere" learned a new subcommand "remaining" that is similar to "status" and lists the paths that had conflicts which are known to rerere, but excludes the paths that have already been marked as resolved in the index from its output. "git mergetool" has been updated to use this facility. - * A possible value to the "push.default" configuration variable, - 'tracking', gained a synonym that more naturally describes what it - does, 'upstream'. - Also contains various documentation updates. @@ -124,13 +126,7 @@ release, unless otherwise noted. reachable from the refs in their common alternate object store, causing it to fetch unnecessary objects (jc/maint-fetch-alt). - * "git pull" into an empty branch should have behaved as if - fast-forwarding from emptiness to the version being pulled, with - the usual protection against overwriting untracked files (need to - cherry-pick 4b3ffe5). - ---- -exec >/var/tmp/1 -O=v1.7.5-rc0-99-g8f84c95 -echo O=$(git describe 'master') -git shortlog --no-merges ^maint ^$O master + * "git remote add --mirror" created a configuration that is suitable for + doing both a mirror fetch and a mirror push at the same time, which + made little sense. We now warn and require the command line to specify + either --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push. diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index c3b0816ed7..c6a5032912 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ don't hide your real name. If you like, you can put extra tags at the end: -1. "Reported-by:" is used to to credit someone who found the bug that +1. "Reported-by:" is used to credit someone who found the bug that the patch attempts to fix. 2. "Acked-by:" says that the person who is more familiar with the area the patch attempts to modify liked the patch. @@ -608,4 +608,3 @@ following commands: Just make sure to disable line wrapping in the email client (GMail web interface will line wrap no matter what, so you need to use a real IMAP client). - diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 750c86d4f5..0906499e7d 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -442,8 +442,6 @@ for most projects as source code and other text files can still be delta compressed, but larger binary media files won't be. + Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported. -+ -Currently only linkgit:git-fast-import[1] honors this setting. core.excludesfile:: In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt index 7eebbefe7b..35cb5d3f64 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-add.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt @@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ subdirectories. If some files could not be added because of errors indexing them, do not abort the operation, but continue adding the others. The command shall still exit with non-zero status. + The configuration variable `add.ignoreErrors` can be set to + true to make this the default behaviour. --ignore-missing:: This option can only be used together with --dry-run. By using diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt index f2b8684596..9c750e2444 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt @@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ tar.umask:: tar archive entries. The default is 0002, which turns off the world write bit. The special value "user" indicates that the archiving user's umask will be used instead. See umask(2) for - details. + details. If `--remote` is used then only the configuration of + the remote repository takes effect. ATTRIBUTES ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt index 67d221467d..60ac8d26eb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch those missing tags. If the other end has tags that point at branches you are not interested in, you will not get them. -'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository, or +'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository, or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file. (See linkgit:git-config[1]). diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt index 08c89d221c..20c8551d6a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ base-name:: --honor-pack-keep:: This flag causes an object already in a local pack that - has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it it would have + has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it would have otherwise been packed. --incremental:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index 37bd3e5388..528f34a131 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git remote' [-v | --verbose] -'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror] <name> <url> +'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url> 'git remote rename' <old> <new> 'git remote rm' <name> 'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>) @@ -67,11 +67,14 @@ multiple branches without grabbing all branches. With `-m <master>` option, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set up to point at remote's `<master>` branch. See also the set-head command. + -In mirror mode, enabled with `\--mirror`, the refs will not be stored -in the 'refs/remotes/' namespace, but in 'refs/heads/'. This option -only makes sense in bare repositories. If a remote uses mirror -mode, furthermore, `git push` will always behave as if `\--mirror` -was passed. +When a fetch mirror is created with `\--mirror=fetch`, the refs will not +be stored in the 'refs/remotes/' namespace, but rather everything in +'refs/' on the remote will be directly mirrored into 'refs/' in the +local repository. This option only makes sense in bare repositories, +because a fetch would overwrite any local commits. ++ +When a push mirror is created with `\--mirror=push`, then `git push` +will always behave as if `\--mirror` was passed. 'rename':: diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index ea8fafd18a..30a67486d2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -217,6 +217,13 @@ config key: svn.commiturl (overwrites all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl options) Using this option for any other purpose (don't ask) is very strongly discouraged. +--mergeinfo=<mergeinfo>;; + Add the given merge information during the dcommit + (e.g. `--mergeinfo="/branches/foo:1-10"`). All svn server versions can + store this information (as a property), and svn clients starting from + version 1.5 can make use of it. 'git svn' currently does not use it + and does not set it automatically. + 'branch':: Create a branch in the SVN repository. @@ -648,6 +655,16 @@ svn-remote.<name>.rewriteUUID:: where the original UUID is not available via either useSvmProps or useSvnsyncProps. +svn-remote.<name>.pushurl:: + + Similar to git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed + to be used in cases where 'url' points to an SVN repository + via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write + transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same + repository. Unlike 'commiturl', 'pushurl' is a base path. If + either 'commiturl' or 'pushurl' could be used, 'commiturl' + takes precedence. + svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround:: This disables potentially expensive checks to workaround broken symlinks checked into SVN by broken clients. Set this diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 78499db81b..9d5949229a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -44,9 +44,16 @@ unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: -* link:v1.7.4.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.3] +* link:v1.7.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5] * release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5]. + +* link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5], + link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4], link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3], link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2], link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1], @@ -621,7 +628,6 @@ where: contents of <old|new>, <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes, <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes. - + The file parameters can point at the user's working file (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file` diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index 04fceee253..b290b617d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -1,147 +1,163 @@ SPECIFYING REVISIONS -------------------- -A revision parameter typically, but not necessarily, names a -commit object. They use what is called an 'extended SHA1' +A revision parameter '<rev>' typically, but not necessarily, names a +commit object. It uses what is called an 'extended SHA1' syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The -ones listed near the end of this list are to name trees and +ones listed near the end of this list name trees and blobs contained in a commit. -* The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or - a substring of such that is unique within the repository. +'<sha1>', e.g. 'dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735', 'dae86e':: + The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or + a leading substring that is unique within the repository. E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both - name the same commit object if there are no other object in + name the same commit object if there is no other object in your repository whose object name starts with dae86e. -* An output from 'git describe'; i.e. a closest tag, optionally +'<describeOutput>', e.g. 'v1.7.4.2-679-g3bee7fb':: + Output from `git describe`; i.e. a closest tag, optionally followed by a dash and a number of commits, followed by a dash, a - `g`, and an abbreviated object name. + 'g', and an abbreviated object name. -* A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit - object referenced by refs/heads/master. If you - happen to have both heads/master and tags/master, you can +'<refname>', e.g. 'master', 'heads/master', 'refs/heads/master':: + A symbolic ref name. E.g. 'master' typically means the commit + object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'. If you + happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean. - When ambiguous, a `<name>` is disambiguated by taking the + When ambiguous, a '<name>' is disambiguated by taking the first match in the following rules: - . if `$GIT_DIR/<name>` exists, that is what you mean (this is usually - useful only for `HEAD`, `FETCH_HEAD`, `ORIG_HEAD`, `MERGE_HEAD` - and `CHERRY_PICK_HEAD`); + . If '$GIT_DIR/<name>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually + useful only for 'HEAD', 'FETCH_HEAD', 'ORIG_HEAD', 'MERGE_HEAD' + and 'CHERRY_PICK_HEAD'); - . otherwise, `refs/<name>` if exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/<name>' if it exists; - . otherwise, `refs/tags/<name>` if exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/tags/<refname>' if it exists; - . otherwise, `refs/heads/<name>` if exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<name>' if it exists; - . otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>` if exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>' if it exists; - . otherwise, `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` if exists. + . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD' if it exists. + -HEAD names the commit your changes in the working tree is based on. -FETCH_HEAD records the branch you fetched from a remote repository -with your last 'git fetch' invocation. -ORIG_HEAD is created by commands that moves your HEAD in a drastic -way, to record the position of the HEAD before their operation, so that -you can change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran -them easily. -MERGE_HEAD records the commit(s) you are merging into your branch -when you run 'git merge'. -CHERRY_PICK_HEAD records the commit you are cherry-picking -when you run 'git cherry-pick'. +'HEAD' names the commit on which you based the changes in the working tree. +'FETCH_HEAD' records the branch which you fetched from a remote repository +with your last `git fetch` invocation. +'ORIG_HEAD' is created by commands that move your 'HEAD' in a drastic +way, to record the position of the 'HEAD' before their operation, so that +you can easily change the tip of the branch back to the state before you ran +them. +'MERGE_HEAD' records the commit(s) which you are merging into your branch +when you run `git merge`. +'CHERRY_PICK_HEAD' records the commit which you are cherry-picking +when you run `git cherry-pick`. + -Note that any of the `refs/*` cases above may come either from -the `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory or from the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file. +Note that any of the 'refs/*' cases above may come either from +the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file. -* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification +'<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}':: + A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{yesterday\}', '\{1 month 2 weeks 3 days 1 hour 1 - second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') to specify the value + second ago\}' or '\{1979-02-26 18:30:00\}') specifies the value of the ref at a prior point in time. This suffix may only be used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an - existing log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). Note that this looks up the state + existing log ('$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>'). Note that this looks up the state of your *local* ref at a given time; e.g., what was in your local - `master` branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during - certain times, see `--since` and `--until`. + 'master' branch last week. If you want to look at commits made during + certain times, see '--since' and '--until'. -* A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification - enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') to specify +'<refname>@\{<n>\}', e.g. 'master@\{1\}':: + A ref followed by the suffix '@' with an ordinal specification + enclosed in a brace pair (e.g. '\{1\}', '\{15\}') specifies the n-th prior value of that ref. For example 'master@\{1\}' is the immediate prior value of 'master' while 'master@\{5\}' is the 5th prior value of 'master'. This suffix may only be used immediately following a ref name and the ref must have an existing - log ($GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>). + log ('$GIT_DIR/logs/<refname>'). -* You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a - reflog of the current branch. For example, if you are on the - branch 'blabla', then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'. +'@\{<n>\}', e.g. '@\{1\}':: + You can use the '@' construct with an empty ref part to get at a + reflog entry of the current branch. For example, if you are on + branch 'blabla' then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'. -* The special construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out +'@\{-<n>\}', e.g. '@\{-1\}':: + The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out before the current one. -* The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form 'ref@\{u\}') refers to - the branch the ref is set to build on top of. Missing ref defaults +'<refname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}':: + The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form '<refname>@\{u\}') refers to + the branch the ref is set to build on top of. A missing ref defaults to the current branch. -* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter (e.g. 'HEAD{caret}') means the first parent of +'<rev>{caret}', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}, v1.5.1{caret}0':: + A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of that commit object. '{caret}<n>' means the <n>th parent (i.e. - 'rev{caret}' - is equivalent to 'rev{caret}1'). As a special rule, - 'rev{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when 'rev' is the + '<rev>{caret}' + is equivalent to '<rev>{caret}1'). As a special rule, + '<rev>{caret}0' means the commit itself and is used when '<rev>' is the object name of a tag object that refers to a commit object. -* A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit +'<rev>{tilde}<n>', e.g. 'master{tilde}3':: + A suffix '{tilde}<n>' to a revision parameter means the commit object that is the <n>th generation grand-parent of the named - commit object, following only the first parent. I.e. rev~3 is - equivalent to rev{caret}{caret}{caret} which is equivalent to - rev{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1. See below for a illustration of + commit object, following only the first parents. I.e. '<rev>{tilde}3' is + equivalent to '<rev>{caret}{caret}{caret}' which is equivalent to + '<rev>{caret}1{caret}1{caret}1'. See below for an illustration of the usage of this form. -* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in - brace pair (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}`) means the object +'<rev>{caret}\{<type>\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}':: + A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in + brace pair means the object could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an object of that type is found or the object cannot be - dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). `rev{caret}0` - introduced earlier is a short-hand for `rev{caret}\{commit\}`. + dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf). '<rev>{caret}0' + is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'. -* A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair - (e.g. `v0.99.8{caret}\{\}`) means the object could be a tag, +'<rev>{caret}\{\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{\}':: + A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair + means the object could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until a non-tag object is found. -* A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter followed by a brace - pair that contains a text led by a slash (e.g. `HEAD^{/fix nasty bug}`): - this is the same as `:/fix nasty bug` syntax below except that +'<rev>{caret}\{/<text>\}', e.g. 'HEAD^{/fix nasty bug}':: + A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter, followed by a brace + pair that contains a text led by a slash, + is the same as the ':/fix nasty bug' syntax below except that it returns the youngest matching commit which is reachable from - the ref before '{caret}'. + the '<rev>' before '{caret}'. -* A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text (e.g. `:/fix nasty bug`): this names +':/<text>', e.g. ':/fix nasty bug':: + A colon, followed by a slash, followed by a text, names a commit whose commit message matches the specified regular expression. This name returns the youngest matching commit which is reachable from any ref. If the commit message starts with a - '!', you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!', - followed by something else than '!' is reserved for now. + '!' you have to repeat that; the special sequence ':/!', + followed by something else than '!', is reserved for now. The regular expression can match any part of the commit message. To - match messages starting with a string, one can use e.g. `:/^foo`. + match messages starting with a string, one can use e.g. ':/^foo'. -* A suffix ':' followed by a path (e.g. `HEAD:README`); this names the blob or tree +'<rev>:<path>', e.g. 'HEAD:README', ':README', 'master:./README':: + A suffix ':' followed by a path names the blob or tree at the given path in the tree-ish object named by the part before the colon. - ':path' (with an empty part before the colon, e.g. `:README`) + ':path' (with an empty part before the colon) is a special case of the syntax described next: content recorded in the index at the given path. - A path starting with './' or '../' is relative to current working directory. - The given path will be converted to be relative to working tree's root directory. + A path starting with './' or '../' is relative to the current working directory. + The given path will be converted to be relative to the working tree's root directory. This is most useful to address a blob or tree from a commit or tree that has - the same tree structure with the working tree. + the same tree structure as the working tree. -* A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a - colon, followed by a path (e.g. `:0:README`); this names a blob object in the - index at the given path. Missing stage number (and the colon - that follows it, e.g. `:README`) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage +':<n>:<path>', e.g. ':0:README', ':README':: + A colon, optionally followed by a stage number (0 to 3) and a + colon, followed by a path, names a blob object in the + index at the given path. A missing stage number (and the colon + that follows it) names a stage 0 entry. During a merge, stage 1 is the common ancestor, stage 2 is the target branch's version (typically the current branch), and stage 3 is the version from - the branch being merged. + the branch which is being merged. Here is an illustration, by Jon Loeliger. Both commit nodes B and C are parents of commit node A. Parent commits are ordered @@ -175,31 +191,31 @@ G H I J SPECIFYING RANGES ----------------- -History traversing commands such as 'git log' operate on a set +History traversing commands such as `git log` operate on a set of commits, not just a single commit. To these commands, specifying a single revision with the notation described in the previous section means the set of commits reachable from that commit, following the commit ancestry chain. -To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}` -notation is used. E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable -from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`. +To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix '{caret}' +notation is used. E.g. '{caret}r1 r2' means commits reachable +from 'r2' but exclude the ones reachable from 'r1'. This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand -for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according +for it. When you have two commits 'r1' and 'r2' (named according to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable -from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`. +from r1 by '{caret}r1 r2' and it can be written as 'r1..r2'. -A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference -of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as -`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`. +A similar notation 'r1\...r2' is called symmetric difference +of 'r1' and 'r2' and is defined as +'r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)'. It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of -`r1` or `r2` but not from both. +'r1' or 'r2' but not from both. Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit -and its parent commits exist. The `r1{caret}@` notation means all -parents of `r1`. `r1{caret}!` includes commit `r1` but excludes +and its parent commits exist. The 'r1{caret}@' notation means all +parents of 'r1'. 'r1{caret}!' includes commit 'r1' but excludes all of its parents. Here are a handful of examples: |