diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
91 files changed, 1946 insertions, 310 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index 45577117c2..57da6aadeb 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -76,11 +76,19 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive): - We do not use Process Substitution <(list) or >(list). + - Do not write control structures on a single line with semicolon. + "then" should be on the next line for if statements, and "do" + should be on the next line for "while" and "for". + - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]". - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell functions. + - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses. The + opening "{" should also be on the same line. + E.g.: my_function () { + - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\}, [::], [==], nor [..]) for portability. diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 5d76a84078..267dfe135d 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -44,9 +44,10 @@ man5dir=$(mandir)/man5 man7dir=$(mandir)/man7 # DESTDIR= -ASCIIDOC=asciidoc +ASCIIDOC = asciidoc ASCIIDOC_EXTRA = MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl +XMLTO = xmlto XMLTO_EXTRA = INSTALL?=install RM ?= rm -f @@ -66,12 +67,6 @@ endif -include ../config.mak # -# For asciidoc ... -# -7.1.2, set ASCIIDOC7 -# 8.0-, no extra settings are needed -# - -# # For docbook-xsl ... # -1.68.1, no extra settings are needed? # 1.69.0, set ASCIIDOC_ROFF? @@ -81,9 +76,6 @@ endif # 1.73.0-, no extra settings are needed # -ifndef ASCIIDOC7 -ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a asciidoc7compatible -endif ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl @@ -134,15 +126,6 @@ DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_EDITOR)) ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-editor=$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ)' endif -# -# Please note that there is a minor bug in asciidoc. -# The version after 6.0.3 _will_ include the patch found here: -# http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111558757202243&w=2 -# -# Until that version is released you may have to apply the patch -# yourself - yes, all 6 characters of it! -# - QUIET_SUBDIR0 = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir QUIET_SUBDIR1 = @@ -263,7 +246,7 @@ manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in %.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml manpage-base-url.xsl $(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \ - xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $< + $(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $< %.xml : %.txt $(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \ @@ -362,4 +345,7 @@ require-htmlrepo:: quick-install-html: require-htmlrepo '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir) +print-man1: + @for i in $(MAN1_TXT); do echo $$i; done + .PHONY: FORCE diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt index ebf20e22a7..d41984df0b 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt @@ -45,9 +45,3 @@ Fixes since v1.5.2 - git-fastimport --import-marks was broken; fixed. - A lot of documentation updates, clarifications and fixes. - --- -exec >/var/tmp/1 -O=v1.5.2-65-g996e2d6 -echo O=`git describe refs/heads/maint` -git shortlog --no-merges $O..refs/heads/maint diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt index e1e24b3295..7d8fb85e1b 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt @@ -79,9 +79,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.0.1 packfile. Also contains many documentation updates. - --- -exec >/var/tmp/1 -O=v1.6.0.1-78-g3632cfc -echo O=$(git describe maint) -git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt index 6f0bde156a..cd08d8174e 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt @@ -26,7 +26,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.1.2 * RPM binary package installed the html manpages in a wrong place. Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates. - - --- -git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.2-33-gc789350.. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt index 0ce6316d75..ccbad794c0 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt @@ -39,6 +39,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.1.3 This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3. Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates. - --- -git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.3.. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt index adb7ccab0a..7b152a6fdc 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt @@ -278,9 +278,3 @@ release, unless otherwise noted. * "gitweb" did not mark non-ASCII characters imported from external HTML fragments correctly. - --- -exec >/var/tmp/1 -O=v1.6.1-rc3-74-gf66bc5f -echo O=$(git describe master) -git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..577eccaacd --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Git v1.7.11.1 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11 +------------------- + + * The cross links in the HTML version of manual pages were broken. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a0d24d1270 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Git v1.7.11.2 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.1 +--------------------- + + * On Cygwin, the platform pread(2) is not thread safe, just like our + own compat/ emulation, and cannot be used in the index-pack + program. Makefile variable NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD can be defined to + avoid use of this function in a threaded program. + + * "git add" allows adding a regular file to the path where a + submodule used to exist, but "git update-index" does not allow an + equivalent operation to Porcelain writers. + + * "git archive" incorrectly computed the header checksum; the symptom + was observed only when using pathnames with hi-bit set. + + * "git blame" did not try to make sure that the abbreviated commit + object names in its output are unique. + + * Running "git bundle verify" on a bundle that records a complete + history said "it requires these 0 commits". + + * "git clone --single-branch" to clone a single branch did not limit + the cloning to the specified branch. + + * "git diff --no-index" did not correctly handle relative paths and + did not correctly give exit codes when run under "--quiet" option. + + * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly. + + * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that + claimed that the treeish HEAD did not have COPYING in it. + + * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with + "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the + simplification logic to use in-core commit objects that haven't + been examined for relevance, either producing incorrect result or + taking too long to produce any output. Teach the simplification + logic to ignore commits that the first-parent traversal logic + ignored when both are in effect to work around the issue. + + * "git ls-files --exclude=t -i" did not consider anything under t/ as + excluded, as it did not pay attention to exclusion of leading paths + while walking the index. Other two users of excluded() are also + updated. + + * "git request-pull $url dev" when the tip of "dev" branch was tagged + with "ext4-for-linus" used the contents from the tag in the output + but still asked the "dev" branch to be pulled, not the tag. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..64494f89d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +Git v1.7.11.3 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.3 +--------------------- + + * The error message from "git push $there :bogo" (and its equivalent + "git push $there --delete bogo") mentioned that we tried and failed + to guess what ref is being deleted based on the LHS of the refspec, + which we don't. + + * A handful of files and directories we create had tighter than + necessary permission bits when the user wanted to have group + writability (e.g. by setting "umask 002"). + + * "commit --amend" used to refuse amending a commit with an empty log + message, with or without "--allow-empty-message". + + * "git commit --amend --only --" was meant to allow "Clever" people to + rewrite the commit message without making any change even when they + have already changes for the next commit added to their index, but + it never worked as advertised since it was introduced in 1.3.0 era. + + * Even though the index can record pathnames longer than 1<<12 bytes, + in some places we were not comparing them in full, potentially + replacing index entries instead of adding. + + * "git show"'s auto-walking behaviour was an unreliable and + unpredictable hack; it now behaves just like "git log" does when it + walks. + + * "git diff", "git status" and anything that internally uses the + comparison machinery was utterly broken when the difference + involved a file with "-" as its name. This was due to the way "git + diff --no-index" was incorrectly bolted on to the system, making + any comparison that involves a file "-" at the root level + incorrectly read from the standard input. + + * We did not have test to make sure "git rebase" without extra options + filters out an empty commit in the original history. + + * "git fast-export" produced an input stream for fast-import without + properly quoting pathnames when they contain SPs in them. + + * "git checkout --detach", when you are still on an unborn branch, + should be forbidden, but it wasn't. + + * Some implementations of Perl terminates "lines" with CRLF even when + the script is operating on just a sequence of bytes. Make sure to + use "$PERL_PATH", the version of Perl the user told Git to use, in + our tests to avoid unnecessary breakages in tests. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3a640c2d4d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Git v1.7.11.4 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.3 +--------------------- + + * "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" file that is used to hold the commit log + message user edits was not documented. + + * The advise() function did not use varargs correctly to format + its message. + + * When "git am" failed, old timers knew to check .git/rebase-apply/patch + to see what went wrong, but we never told the users about it. + + * "git commit-tree" learned a more natural "-p <parent> <tree>" order + of arguments long time ago, but recently forgot it by mistake. + + * "git diff --no-ext-diff" did not output anything for a typechange + filepair when GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF is in effect. + + * In 1.7.9 era, we taught "git rebase" about the raw timestamp format + but we did not teach the same trick to "filter-branch", which rolled + a similar logic on its own. + + * When "git submodule add" clones a submodule repository, it can get + confused where to store the resulting submodule repository in the + superproject's .git/ directory when there is a symbolic link in the + path to the current directory. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0a2ed855c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Git v1.7.11.5 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.4 +--------------------- + + * The Makefile rule to create assembly output (primarily for + debugging purposes) did not create it next to the source. + + * The code to avoid mistaken attempt to add the object directory + itself as its own alternate could read beyond end of a string while + comparison. + + * On some architectures, "block-sha1" did not compile correctly + when compilers inferred alignment guarantees from our source we + did not intend to make. + + * When talking to a remote running ssh on IPv6 enabled host, whose + address is spelled as "[HOST]:PORT", we did not parse the address + correctly and failed to connect. + + * git-blame.el (in compat/) have been updated to use Elisp more + correctly. + + * "git checkout <branchname>" to come back from a detached HEAD state + incorrectly computed reachability of the detached HEAD, resulting + in unnecessary warnings. + + * "git mergetool" did not support --tool-help option to give the list + of supported backends, like "git difftool" does. + + * "git grep" stopped spawning an external "grep" long time ago, but a + duplicated test to check internal and external "grep" was left + behind. + +Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ba7d3c3966 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +Git v1.7.11.6 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.5 +--------------------- + + * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive + documentation. + + * "git foo" errored out with "Not a directory" when the user had a + non-directory on $PATH, and worse yet it masked an alias "foo" from + running. + + * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that + rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..." + started to fail. Protect them from such a misconfiguration. + + * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a + revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we + used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate". The message + has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command + line. + + * Documentation for the configuration file format had a confusing + example. + + * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular + file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and + tags, which is not true for quite some time. + + * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our + subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not + easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set. + + * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means + the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of + commands were poorly described in the documentation. + + * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then + died when the human-readable committer name was given + insufficiently by getpwent(3). + + * The exit status code from "git config" was way overspecified while + being incorrect. The implementation has been updated to give the + documented status for a case that was documented, and introduce a + new code for "all other errors". + + * The output from "git diff -B" for a file that ends with an + incomplete line did not put "\ No newline..." on a line of its own. + + * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the + working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have + name 0{40} recorded in a tree. + + * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r", + but we didn't document it. + + * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a + message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to + the standard output, breaking the communication protocol. + + * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were + inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name). + + * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the + header correctly, and lost "_" from strings. + + * "git stash apply/pop" did not trigger "rerere" upon conflicts + unlike other mergy operations. + + * "git submodule <cmd> path" did not error out when the path to the + submodule was misspelt. + + * "git submodule update -f" did not update paths in the working tree + that has local changes. + (merge 01d4721 sz/submodule-force-update later to maint). + + * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with + SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them. + + * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API. + + * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement + for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e7e79d999b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +Git v1.7.11.7 Release Notes +=========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.11.6 +--------------------- + + * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the + branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the + option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the + documentation misleading. + + * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with + buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their + platform regexp. A new test has been added to check this. + + * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line + correctly. This caused patches that had pathnames in no other + places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that + does not rename nor change mode). Textual patches, renames or mode + changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places + in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from + this problem. + + * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread + references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the + contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f". + + * "git for-each-ref" did not currectly support more than one --sort + option. + + * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path + when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line. + Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such + a case. + + * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having + the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is + configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication + for POST. + + * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for + commits created without human readable name on "committer" line. + (merge e27ddb6 jc/maint-ident-missing-human-name later to maint). + + * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but + wasn't. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b8f04af19f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +Git 1.7.12.1 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.12 +------------------- + + * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line + correctly. This caused patches that had pathnames in no other + places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that + does not rename nor change mode). Textual patches, renames or mode + changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places + in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from + this problem. + + * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and + then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that + order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally + expects. + + * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then + died when the human-readable committer name was given + insufficiently by getpwent(3). + + * Some capabilities were asked by fetch-pack even when upload-pack + did not advertise that they are available. fetch-pack has been + fixed not to do so. + + * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the + working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have + name 0{40} recorded in a tree. + + * "git for-each-ref" did not correctly support more than one --sort + option. + + * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path + when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line. + Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such + a case. + + * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means + the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of + commands were poorly described in the documentation. + + * "git prune" without "-v" used to warn about leftover temporary + files (which is an indication of an earlier aborted operation). + + * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having + the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is + configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication + for POST. + + * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were + inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name). + + * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a + message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to + the standard output, breaking the communication protocol. + + * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but + wasn't. + + * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for + commits created without human readable name on "committer" line. + + * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the + header correctly, and lost "_" from strings. + + * The interactive prompt "git send-email" gives was error prone. It + asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it + guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt, + tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No, + please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most + certainly not what the user meant. + + * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with + SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them. + + * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a + revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we + used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate". The message + has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command + line. + + * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that + rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..." + started to fail. Protect them from such a misconfiguration. + + * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its + leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is + fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case. Failure + to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than + ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't. + + * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread + references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the + contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f". + + * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive + documentation. + + * "git-jump" script (in contrib/) did not work well when + diff.noprefix or diff.mnemonicprefix is in effect. + + * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular + file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and + tags, which is not true for quite some time. + + * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement + for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms. + + * Compatibility wrapper to learn the maximum number of file + descriptors we can open around sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) and + getrlimit(RLIMIT_NO_FILE) has been introduced for portability. + + * We used curl_easy_strerror() without checking version of cURL, + breaking the build for versions before curl 7.12.0. + + * Code to work around MacOS X UTF-8 gotcha has been cleaned up. + + * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API. + + * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r", + but we didn't document it. + + * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our + subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not + easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set. + + * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the + branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the + option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the + documentation misleading. + +Also contains numerous documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..69255745e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +Git 1.7.12.2 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.12.1 +--------------------- + + * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..." + header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly. + + * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to + blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it + more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other + branch that is being merged. + + * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not + "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got + confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so. + + * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the + "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same + issue existed with "--tags", but combination "--all --tags" makes + much less sense than "--all --no-tags"). + + * "git log/diff/format-patch --stat" showed the "N line(s) added" + comment in user's locale and caused careless submitters to send + patches with such a line in them to projects whose project language + is not their language, mildly irritating others. Localization to + the line has been disabled for now. + + * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that + mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with + --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or + B (or both) instead. + + * The subcommand to remove the definition of a remote in "git remote" + was named "rm" even though all other subcommands were spelled out. + Introduce "git remote remove" to remove confusion, and keep "rm" as + a backward compatible synonym. + +Also contains a handful of documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ecda427a35 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Git 1.7.12.3 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.12.2 +--------------------- + + * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream + (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not + honored correctly. + + * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is + unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option. + + * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch + refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the + subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating + the whole point of specifying "only this branch". + + * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server + misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the + configuration in general, and has been reverted. + + * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which + is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on + its Accept-Encoding header. + + * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give + progress output while processing objects it received to the puser + when run over the smart-http protocol. + + * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but + "git commit" didn't. + +Also contains a handful of documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..c6da3cc939 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +Git 1.7.12.4 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.7.12.3 +--------------------- + + * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when + curl's multi interface was used. + + * It was possible to give specific paths for "asciidoc" and other + tools in the documentation toolchain, but not for "xmlto". + + * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed + output due to a typo. + + * The "-Xours" (and similarly -Xtheirs) backend option to "git + merge -s recursive" was ignored for binary files. Now it is + honored. + + * The "binary" synthetic attribute made "diff" to treat the path as + binary, but not "merge". + +Also contains many documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..010d8c7de4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +Git v1.7.12 Release Notes +========================= + +Updates since v1.7.11 +--------------------- + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * Git can be told to normalize pathnames it read from readdir(3) and + all arguments it got from the command line into precomposed UTF-8 + (assuming that they come as decomposed UTF-8), in order to work + around issues on Mac OS. + + I think there still are other places that need conversion + (e.g. paths that are read from stdin for some commands), but this + should be a good first step in the right direction. + + * Per-user $HOME/.gitconfig file can optionally be stored in + $HOME/.config/git/config instead, which is in line with XDG. + + * The value of core.attributesfile and core.excludesfile default to + $HOME/.config/git/attributes and $HOME/.config/git/ignore respectively + when these files exist. + + * Logic to disambiguate abbreviated object names have been taught to + take advantage of object types that are expected in the context, + e.g. XXXXXX in the "git describe" output v1.2.3-gXXXXXX must be a + commit object, not a blob nor a tree. This will help us prolong + the lifetime of abbreviated object names. + + * "git apply" learned to wiggle the base version and perform three-way + merge when a patch does not exactly apply to the version you have. + + * Scripted Porcelain writers now have access to the credential API via + the "git credential" plumbing command. + + * "git help" used to always default to "man" format even on platforms + where "man" viewer is not widely available. + + * "git clone --local $path" started its life as an experiment to + optionally use link/copy when cloning a repository on the disk, but + we didn't deprecate it after we made the option a no-op to always + use the optimization. The command learned "--no-local" option to + turn this off, as a more explicit alternative over use of file:// + URL. + + * "git fetch" and friends used to say "remote side hung up + unexpectedly" when they failed to get response they expect from the + other side, but one common reason why they don't get expected + response is that the remote repository does not exist or cannot be + read. The error message in this case was updated to give better + hints to the user. + + * "git help -w $cmd" can show HTML version of documentation for + "git-$cmd" by setting help.htmlpath to somewhere other than the + default location where the build procedure installs them locally; + the variable can even point at a http:// URL. + + * "git rebase [-i] --root $tip" can now be used to rewrite all the + history leading to "$tip" down to the root commit. + + * "git rebase -i" learned "-x <cmd>" to insert "exec <cmd>" after + each commit in the resulting history. + + * "git status" gives finer classification to various states of paths + in conflicted state and offer advice messages in its output. + + * "git submodule" learned to deal with nested submodule structure + where a module is contained within a module whose origin is + specified as a relative URL to its superproject's origin. + + * A rather heavy-ish "git completion" script has been split to create + a separate "git prompting" script, to help lazy-autoloading of the + completion part while making prompting part always available. + + * "gitweb" pays attention to various forms of credits that are + similar to "Signed-off-by:" lines in the commit objects and + highlights them accordingly. + + +Foreign Interface + + * "mediawiki" remote helper (in contrib/) learned to handle file + attachments. + + * "git p4" now uses "Jobs:" and "p4 move" when appropriate. + + * vcs-svn has been updated to clean-up compilation, lift 32-bit + limitations, etc. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. (please report possible regressions) + + * Some tests showed false failures caused by a bug in ecryptofs. + + * We no longer use AsciiDoc7 syntax in our documentation and favor a + more modern style. + + * "git am --rebasing" codepath was taught to grab authorship, log + message and the patch text directly out of existing commits. This + will help rebasing commits that have confusing "diff" output in + their log messages. + + * "git index-pack" and "git pack-objects" use streaming API to read + from the object store to avoid having to hold a large blob object + in-core while they are doing their thing. + + * Code to match paths with exclude patterns learned to avoid calling + fnmatch() by comparing fixed leading substring literally when + possible. + + * "git log -n 1 -- rarely-touched-path" was spending unnecessary + cycles after showing the first change to find the next one, only to + discard it. + + * "git svn" got a large-looking code reorganization at the last + minute before the code freeze. + + +Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.7.11 +------------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.11 in the maintenance +releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for +details). + + * "git submodule add" was confused when the superproject did not have + its repository in its usual place in the working tree and GIT_DIR + and GIT_WORK_TREE was used to access it. + + * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then died + when the human-readable committer name was given insufficiently by + getpwent(3). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6c487c35e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +Git v1.8.0.1 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.8.0 +------------------ + + * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on + variable names that was not checked consistently. + + * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed + "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a + BEL output. + + * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing + with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle + it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file. + + * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere> + pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the + string literally. + + * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read + "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was + nonsense. + + * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git + branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM + instead. + + * Earlier we fixed documentation to hyphenate "remote-tracking branch" + to clarify that these are not a remote entity, but unhyphenated + spelling snuck in to a few places since then. + + * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find + the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition + does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages. + + * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the + repository-layout docs. + + * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout + value when there is no file descriptors to wait on and the http + transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call. + A workaround has been added for this. + +Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..43883c14f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,267 @@ +Git v1.8.0 Release Notes +======================== + +Backward compatibility notes +---------------------------- + +In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the +behavior of the "git push" command. + +When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the +traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent +to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name +over there). We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the +current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current +branch is set to integrate with that remote branch. There is a user +preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and +"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this +variable in this release. + +"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a +relatively distant future. "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has +been introduced with a saner order of arguments. + + +Updates since v1.7.12 +--------------------- + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * A credential helper for Win32 to allow access to the keychain of + the logged-in user has been added. + + * An initial port to HP NonStop. + + * A credential helper to allow access to the Gnome keyring has been + added. + + * When "git am" sanitizes the "Subject:" line, we strip the prefix from + "Re: subject" and also from a less common "re: subject", but left + the even less common "RE: subject" intact. Now we strip that too. + + * It was tempting to say "git branch --set-upstream origin/master", + but that tells Git to arrange the local branch "origin/master" to + integrate with the currently checked out branch, which is highly + unlikely what the user meant. The option is deprecated; use the + new "--set-upstream-to" (with a short-and-sweet "-u") option + instead. + + * "git cherry-pick" learned the "--allow-empty-message" option to + allow it to replay a commit without any log message. + + * After "git cherry-pick -s" gave control back to the user asking + help to resolve conflicts, concluding "git commit" used to need to + be run with "-s" if the user wants to sign it off; now the command + leaves the sign-off line in the log template. + + * "git daemon" learned the "--access-hook" option to allow an + external command to decline service based on the client address, + repository path, etc. + + * "git difftool --dir-diff" learned to use symbolic links to prepare + a temporary copy of the working tree when available. + + * "git grep" learned to use a non-standard pattern type by default if + a configuration variable tells it to. + + * Accumulated updates to "git gui" has been merged. + + * "git log -g" learned the "--grep-reflog=<pattern>" option to limit + its output to commits with a reflog message that matches the given + pattern. + + * "git merge-base" learned the "--is-ancestor A B" option to tell if A is + an ancestor of B. The result is indicated by its exit status code. + + * "git mergetool" now allows users to override the actual command used + with the mergetool.$name.cmd configuration variable even for built-in + mergetool backends. + + * "git rebase -i" learned the "--edit-todo" option to open an editor + to edit the instruction sheet. + + +Foreign Interface + + * "git svn" has been updated to work with SVN 1.7. + + * "git p4" learned the "--conflicts" option to specify what to do when + encountering a conflict during "p4 submit". + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with + buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their + platform regexp by mistake. A new test has been added to check this. + + * The "check-docs" build target has been updated and greatly + simplified. + + * The test suite is run under MALLOC_CHECK_ when running with a glibc + that supports the feature. + + * The documentation in the TeXinfo format was using indented output + for materials meant to be examples that are better typeset in + monospace. + + * Compatibility wrapper around some mkdir(2) implementations that + reject parameters with trailing slash has been introduced. + + * Compatibility wrapper for systems that lack usable setitimer() has + been added. + + * The option parsing of "git checkout" had error checking, dwim and + defaulting missing options, all mixed in the code, and issuing an + appropriate error message with useful context was getting harder. + The code has been reorganized to allow giving a proper diagnosis + when the user says "git checkout -b -t foo bar" (e.g. "-t" is not a + good name for a branch). + + * Many internal uses of a "git merge-base" equivalent were only to see + if one commit fast-forwards to the other, which did not need the + full set of merge bases to be computed. They have been updated to + use less expensive checks. + + * The heuristics to detect and silently convert latin1 to utf8 when + we were told to use utf-8 in the log message has been transplanted + from "mailinfo" to "commit" and "commit-tree". + + * Messages given by "git <subcommand> -h" from many subcommands have + been marked for translation. + + +Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.7.12 +------------------- + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.12 in the +maintenance track are contained in this release (see release notes +to them for details). + + * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its + leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is + fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case. Failure + to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than + ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't. + + * When looking for $HOME/.gitconfig etc., it is OK if we cannot read + them because they do not exist, but we did not diagnose existing + files that we cannot read. + + * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..." + header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly. + + * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream + (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not + honored correctly. + + * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not + "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got + confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so. + + * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to + blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it + more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other + branch that is being merged. + + * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is + unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option. + + * Output from "git branch -v" contains "(no branch)" that could be + localized, but the code to align it along with the names of + branches was counting in bytes, not in display columns. + + * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and + then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that + order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally + expects. + + * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch + refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the + subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating + the whole point of specifying "only this branch". + + * Documentation talked about "first line of commit log" when it meant + the title of the commit. The description was clarified by defining + how the title is decided and rewording the casual mention of "first + line" to "title". + + * "git cvsimport" did not thoroughly cleanse tag names that it + inferred from the names of the tags it obtained from CVS, which + caused "git tag" to barf and stop the import in the middle. + + * Earlier we made the diffstat summary line that shows the number of + lines added/deleted localizable, but it was found irritating having + to see them in various languages on a list whose discussion language + is English, and this change has been reverted. + + * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the + "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same + issue existed with "--tags", but the combination "--all --tags" makes + much less sense than "--all --no-tags"). + + * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server + misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the + configuration in general, and has been reverted. + + * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which + is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on + its Accept-Encoding header. + + * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when + curl's multi interface was used. + + * "git gc --auto" notified the user that auto-packing has triggered + even under the "--quiet" option. + + * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread + references" nor "Reload" updated what is shown as the + contents of it when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f". + + * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that + mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with + --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or + B (or both) instead. + + * The "-Xours" backend option to "git merge -s recursive" was ignored + for binary files. + + * "git p4", when "--use-client-spec" and "--detect-branches" are used + together, misdetected branches. + + * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give + progress output while processing objects it received to the puser + when run over the smart-http protocol. + + * When you misspell the command name you give to the "exec" action in + the "git rebase -i" instruction sheet you were told that 'rebase' is not a + git subcommand from "git rebase --continue". + + * The subcommand in "git remote" to remove a defined remote was + "rm" and the command did not take a fully-spelled "remove". + + * The interactive prompt that "git send-email" gives was error prone. It + asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it + guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt, + tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No, + please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most + certainly not what the user meant. + + * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give the timestamp correctly for + commits created without human readable name on the "committer" line. + + * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but + wasn't. + + * "git submodule frotz" was not diagnosed as "frotz" being an unknown + subcommand to "git submodule"; the user instead got a complaint + that "git submodule status" was run with an unknown path "frotz". + + * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but + "git commit" didn't. + + * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed + output due to a typo. diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf index 6d06271ffe..1273a85c8a 100644 --- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf +++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ ifndef::git-asciidoc-no-roff[] # v1.72 breaks with this because it replaces dots not in roff requests. [listingblock] <example><title>{title}</title> -<literallayout> +<literallayout class="monospaced"> ifdef::doctype-manpage[] .ft C endif::doctype-manpage[] @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ifdef::doctype-manpage[] # The following two small workarounds insert a simple paragraph after screen [listingblock] <example><title>{title}</title> -<literallayout> +<literallayout class="monospaced"> | </literallayout><simpara></simpara> {title#}</example> @@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ endif::backend-docbook[] endif::doctype-manpage[] ifdef::backend-xhtml11[] +[attributes] +git-relative-html-prefix= [linkgit-inlinemacro] <a href="{git-relative-html-prefix}{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a> endif::backend-xhtml11[] diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 915cb5a547..11f320b962 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -159,9 +159,10 @@ advice.*:: specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and it resulted in a non-fast-forward error. statusHints:: - Directions on how to stage/unstage/add shown in the - output of linkgit:git-status[1] and the template shown - when writing commit messages. + Show directions on how to proceed from the current + state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1] and in + the template shown when writing commit messages in + linkgit:git-commit[1]. commitBeforeMerge:: Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to merge to avoid overwriting local changes. @@ -176,6 +177,9 @@ advice.*:: Advice shown when you used linkgit:git-checkout[1] to move to the detach HEAD state, to instruct how to create a local branch after the fact. + amWorkDir:: + Advice that shows the location of the patch file when + linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it. -- core.fileMode:: @@ -210,6 +214,15 @@ The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository is created. +core.precomposeunicode:: + This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of git. + When core.precomposeunicode=true, git reverts the unicode decomposition + of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository + between Mac OS and Linux or Windows. + (Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or git under cygwin 1.7). + When false, file names are handled fully transparent by git, + which is backward compatible with older versions of git. + core.trustctime:: If false, the ctime differences between the index and the working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time @@ -483,7 +496,9 @@ core.excludesfile:: '.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns of files which are not meant to be tracked. "`~/`" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's - home directory. See linkgit:gitignore[5]. + home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. + If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore + is used instead. See linkgit:gitignore[5]. core.askpass:: Some commands (e.g. svn and http interfaces) that interactively @@ -498,7 +513,9 @@ core.attributesfile:: In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and '.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same - way as for `core.excludesfile`. + way as for `core.excludesfile`. Its default value is + $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not + set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead. core.editor:: Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit @@ -542,8 +559,9 @@ core.whitespace:: * `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an error (enabled by default). -* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with 8 or more - space characters as an error (not enabled by default). +* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with space + characters instead of the equivalent tabs as an error (not enabled by + default). * `tab-in-indent` treats a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an error (not enabled by default). * `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error @@ -880,7 +898,7 @@ column.ui:: make equal size columns -- + - This option defaults to 'never'. +This option defaults to 'never'. column.branch:: Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns. @@ -1193,8 +1211,16 @@ gitweb.snapshot:: grep.lineNumber:: If set to true, enable '-n' option by default. +grep.patternType:: + Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended', + 'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp', + '--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the + value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior. + grep.extendedRegexp:: - If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. + If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This + option is ignored when the 'grep.patternType' option is set to a value + other than 'default'. gpg.program:: Use this custom program instead of "gpg" found on $PATH when @@ -1720,6 +1746,7 @@ push.default:: no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command line. Possible values are: + +-- * `nothing` - do not push anything. * `matching` - push all branches having the same name in both ends. This is for those who prepare all the branches into a publishable @@ -1739,12 +1766,13 @@ push.default:: option and is well-suited for beginners. It will become the default in Git 2.0. * `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name. - + - The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to - push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other - branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with - other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want - to use one of these. +-- ++ +The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to +push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other +branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with +other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want +to use one of these. rebase.stat:: Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt index 6aa1be0478..67a90a828c 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories: diff.statGraphWidth:: Limit the width of the graph part in --stat output. If set, applies - to all commands generating --stat outuput except format-patch. + to all commands generating --stat output except format-patch. diff.external:: If this config variable is set, diff generation is not diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 6cfedd85dc..cf4b216598 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns - if not connected to a terminal, and can be overriden by + if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by `<width>`. The width of the filename part can be limited by giving another width `<name-width>` after a comma. The width of the graph part can be limited by using diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index 39d326abc6..b4d6476ac8 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ --depth=<depth>:: Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by `git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1]) - by the specified number of commits. + to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote + branch history. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched. ifndef::git-pull[] --dry-run:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt index 9c1d395722..fd9e36b99f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-add.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ Configuration The optional configuration variable `core.excludesfile` indicates a path to a file containing patterns of file names to exclude from git-add, similar to $GIT_DIR/info/exclude. Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to -those in info/exclude. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]. +those in info/exclude. See linkgit:gitignore[5]. EXAMPLES diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt index afd2c9ae59..634b84e4b9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] +'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] [--3way] [--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor=<file>] [-R | --reverse] [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z] [-p<n>] [-C<n>] [--inaccurate-eof] [--recount] [--cached] @@ -72,6 +72,15 @@ OPTIONS cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index without using the working tree. This implies `--index`. +-3:: +--3way:: + When the patch does not apply cleanly, fall back on 3-way merge if + the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to, + and we have those blobs available locally, possibly leaving the + conflict markers in the files in the working tree for the user to + resolve. This option implies the `--index` option, and is incompatible + with the `--reject` and the `--cached` options. + --build-fake-ancestor=<file>:: Newer 'git diff' output has embedded 'index information' for each blob to help identify the original version that diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt index 7ee923629e..e44173f66a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt @@ -20,6 +20,12 @@ last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision. The command can also limit the range of lines annotated. +The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file +renames (currently there is no option to turn the rename-following +off). To follow lines moved from one file to another, or to follow +lines that were copied and pasted from another file, etc., see the +`-C` and `-M` options. + The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe" interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph. diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index 47235bea04..45a225e0aa 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ SYNOPSIS [--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [<pattern>...] 'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>] +'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>] +'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>] 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch> 'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>... 'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>] @@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global `branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and -changed later using `git branch --set-upstream`. +changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`. With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>. If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match @@ -129,11 +131,13 @@ This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode. use `git branch --list <pattern>` to list matching branches. -v:: +-vv:: --verbose:: When in list mode, show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print - the name of the upstream branch, as well. + the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also `git remote + show <remote>`). -q:: --quiet:: @@ -173,6 +177,16 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch. like `--track` would when creating the branch, except that where branch points to is not changed. +-u <upstream>:: +--set-upstream-to=<upstream>:: + Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is + considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname> + is specified, then it defaults to the current branch. + +--unset-upstream:: + Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch + is specified it defaults to the current branch. + --edit-description:: Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `request-pull`). diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index 63a251612a..7958a47006 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored. When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2 ('ours') or #3 ('theirs') for unmerged paths. --b:: +-b <new_branch>:: Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at <start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. --B:: +-B <new_branch>:: Creates the branch <new_branch> and start it at <start_point>; if it already exists, then reset it to <start_point>. This is equivalent to running "git branch" with "-f"; see @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case. <commit> is not a branch name. See the "DETACHED HEAD" section below for details. ---orphan:: +--orphan <new_branch>:: Create a new 'orphan' branch, named <new_branch>, started from <start_point> and switch to it. The first commit made on this new branch will have no parents and it will be the root of a new @@ -367,6 +367,18 @@ $ git checkout hello.c <3> <2> take a file out of another commit <3> restore hello.c from the index + +If you want to check out _all_ C source files out of the index, +you can say ++ +------------ +$ git checkout -- '*.c' +------------ ++ +Note the quotes around `*.c`. The file `hello.c` will also be +checked out, even though it is no longer in the working tree, +because the file globbing is used to match entries in the index +(not in the working tree by the shell). ++ If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch. You should instead write: diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt index 9f3dae631e..c205d2363e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt @@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ OPTIONS linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. Sets of commits can be passed but no traversal is done by default, as if the '--no-walk' option was specified, see - linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. + linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. Note that specifying a range will + feed all <commit>... arguments to a single revision walk + (see a later example that uses 'maint master..next'). -e:: --edit:: @@ -116,6 +118,11 @@ effect to your index in a row. previous commit are dropped. To force the inclusion of those commits use `--keep-redundant-commits`. +--allow-empty-message:: + By default, cherry-picking a commit with an empty message will fail. + This option overrides that behaviour, allowing commits with empty + messages to be cherry picked. + --keep-redundant-commits:: If a commit being cherry picked duplicates a commit already in the current history, it will become empty. By default these @@ -149,6 +156,15 @@ EXAMPLES Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are ancestors of master but not of HEAD to produce new commits. +`git cherry-pick maint next ^master`:: +`git cherry-pick maint master..next`:: + + Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are + ancestors of maint or next, but not master or any of its + ancestors. Note that the latter does not mean `maint` and + everything between `master` and `next`; specifically, + `maint` will not be used if it is included in `master`. + `git cherry-pick master~4 master~2`:: Apply the changes introduced by the fifth and third last diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt index 79fb984144..9f42c0d0e6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt @@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ OPTIONS Remove only files ignored by git. This may be useful to rebuild everything from scratch, but keep manually created files. +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:gitignore[5] + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 6e22522c4f..7fefdb0384 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ currently active branch. After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the -current master branch, if any. +current master branch, if any (this is untrue when "--single-branch" +is given; see below). This default configuration is achieved by creating references to the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and @@ -46,13 +47,18 @@ OPTIONS mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories. The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked - to save space when possible. This is now the default when - the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo` - syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option. To force - copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable - if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository), - but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport - mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used. + to save space when possible. ++ +If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., `/path/to/repo`), +this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op. If the +repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we +never use the local optimizations). Specifying `--no-local` will +override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular +git transport instead. ++ +To force copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable if you +are trying to make a back-up of your repository), but still avoid the +usual "git aware" transport mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used. --no-hardlinks:: Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a @@ -147,9 +153,10 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. -b <name>:: Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch - instead. `--branch` can also take tags and treat them like - detached HEAD. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch - that will be checked out. + instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will + be checked out. + `--branch` can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit + in the resulting repository. --upload-pack <upload-pack>:: -u <upload-pack>:: @@ -188,6 +195,11 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. clone with the `--depth` option, this is the default, unless `--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the tips of all branches. + Further fetches into the resulting repository will only update the + remote-tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the + initial cloning. If the HEAD at the remote did not point at any + branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote-tracking + branch is created. --recursive:: --recurse-submodules:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-column.txt b/Documentation/git-column.txt index 9be16eea0e..5d6f1cc464 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-column.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-column.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git column' [--command=<name>] [--[raw-]mode=<mode>] [--width=<width>] - [--indent=<string>] [--nl=<string>] [--pading=<n>] + [--indent=<string>] [--nl=<string>] [--padding=<n>] DESCRIPTION ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt index eb8ee9999e..6d5a04c83b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ OPTIONS Each '-p' indicates the id of a parent commit object. -m <message>:: - A paragraph in the commig log message. This can be given more than + A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph. -F <file>:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt index 2d695f619c..9594ac8e9d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt @@ -101,12 +101,16 @@ OPTIONS When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`. +--branch:: + Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format. + --porcelain:: When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`. -z:: +--null:: When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format. @@ -189,6 +193,10 @@ OPTIONS current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is discarded. + +--no-post-rewrite:: + Bypass the post-rewrite hook. + + -- It is a rough equivalent for: @@ -381,8 +389,10 @@ DISCUSSION Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. -Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line -on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body. +The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated +as the commit title, and that title is used throughout git. +For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses +the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body. include::i18n.txt[] @@ -399,6 +409,15 @@ This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and `post-commit` hooks. See linkgit:githooks[5] for more information. +FILES +----- + +`$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG`:: + This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress. + If `git commit` exits due to an error before creating a commit, + any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in + an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be + overwritten by the next invocation of `git commit`. SEE ALSO -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index d9463cb387..eaea079165 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -54,16 +54,16 @@ configuration file by default, and options '--system', '--global', '--file <filename>' can be used to tell the command to write to that location (you can say '--local' but that is the default). -This command will fail (with exit code ret) if: +This command will fail with non-zero status upon error. Some exit +codes are: . The config file is invalid (ret=3), . can not write to the config file (ret=4), . no section or name was provided (ret=2), . the section or key is invalid (ret=1), . you try to unset an option which does not exist (ret=5), -. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5), -. you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6), or -. you use '--global' option without $HOME being properly set (ret=128). +. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5), or +. you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6). On success, the command returns the exit code 0. @@ -97,10 +97,11 @@ OPTIONS --global:: For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than - the repository .git/config. + the repository .git/config, write to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config file + if this file exists and the ~/.gitconfig file doesn't. + -For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig rather than -from all available files. +For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig and from +$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config rather than from all available files. + See also <<FILES>>. @@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ See also <<FILES>>. FILES ----- -If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where +If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where 'git config' will search for configuration options: $GIT_DIR/config:: @@ -204,6 +205,14 @@ $GIT_DIR/config:: User-specific configuration file. Also called "global" configuration file. +$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config:: + Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set + or empty, $HOME/.config/git/config will be used. Any single-valued + variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in + ~/.gitconfig. It is a good idea not to create this file if + you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this + file was added fairly recently. + $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig:: System-wide configuration file. @@ -258,7 +267,7 @@ Given a .git/config like this: ; Proxy settings [core] - gitproxy="proxy-command" for kernel.org + gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest you can set the filemode to true with @@ -333,7 +342,7 @@ To actually match only values with an exclamation mark, you have to To add a new proxy, without altering any of the existing ones, use ------------ -% git config core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com' +% git config --add core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com' ------------ An example to use customized color from the configuration in your diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt index 11edc5a173..d15db42d43 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-credential-cache--daemon(1) NAME ---- -git-credential-cache--daemon - temporarily store user credentials in memory +git-credential-cache--daemon - Temporarily store user credentials in memory SYNOPSIS -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt index f3d09c5d51..eeff5fa989 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-credential-cache(1) NAME ---- -git-credential-cache - helper to temporarily store passwords in memory +git-credential-cache - Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory SYNOPSIS -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt index 31093467d1..b27c03c361 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-credential-store(1) NAME ---- -git-credential-store - helper to store credentials on disk +git-credential-store - Helper to store credentials on disk SYNOPSIS -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..810e957124 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +git-credential(1) +================= + +NAME +---- +git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +------------------ +git credential <fill|approve|reject> +------------------ + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials +from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for +usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this +interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for +credentials in the same manner as git. The design of this scriptable +interface models the internal C API; see +link:technical/api-credentials.txt[the git credential API] for more +background on the concepts. + +git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of +`fill`, `approve`, or `reject`) and reads a credential description +on stdin (see <<IOFMT,INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT>>). + +If the action is `fill`, git-credential will attempt to add "username" +and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files, +by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the +user. The username and password attributes of the credential +description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes +already provided. + +If the action is `approve`, git-credential will send the description +to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential +for later use. + +If the action is `reject`, git-credential will send the description to +any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored +credential matching the description. + +If the action is `approve` or `reject`, no output should be emitted. + +TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL +----------------------------- + +An application using git-credential will typically use `git +credential` following these steps: + + 1. Generate a credential description based on the context. ++ +For example, if we want a password for +`https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following +credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it +tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the +infomation it has): + + protocol=https + host=example.com + path=foo.git + + 2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this + description. This is done by running `git credential fill`, + feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete + credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the + login and password) will be produced on standard output, like: + + protocol=https + host=example.com + username=bob + password=secr3t ++ +In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be +repeated in the output, but git may also modify the credential +description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the +protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false. ++ +If the `git credential` knew about the password, this step may +not have involved the user actually typing this password (the +user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead, +or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already +unlocked) before it returned `password=secr3t`. + + 3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and + password from step (2)), and see if it's accepted. + + 4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the + credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then + it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell `git + credential` to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential + was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so + that `git credential` will ask for a new password in its next + invocation. In either case, `git credential` should be fed with + the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also + contain the ones provided in step (1)). + +[[IOFMT]] +INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT +------------------- + +`git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used) +credential information in its standard input/output. This information +can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain +the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the +actual credential data to be obtained (login/password). + +The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one +attribute per line. Each attribute is +specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign, +followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`, +newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL. +In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting, +and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of +attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file. +Git understands the following attributes: + +`protocol`:: + + The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g., + `https`). + +`host`:: + + The remote hostname for a network credential. + +`path`:: + + The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for + accessing a remote https repository, this will be the + repository's path on the server. + +`username`:: + + The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a + URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper). + +`password`:: + + The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored. + +`url`:: + + When this special attribute is read by `git credential`, the + value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts + were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if + `protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This + can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves. Note that any + components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no + username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you want + to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL + attribute first, followed by any overrides. diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt index 31b28fc29f..7e5098a95e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>] [--enable=<service>] [--disable=<service>] [--allow-override=<service>] [--forbid-override=<service>] + [--access-hook=<path>] [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]] [<directory>...] @@ -171,6 +172,21 @@ the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning errors are not enabled, all errors report "access denied" to the client. The default is --no-informative-errors. +--access-hook=<path>:: + Every time a client connects, first run an external command + specified by the <path> with service name (e.g. "upload-pack"), + path to the repository, hostname (%H), canonical hostname + (%CH), ip address (%IP), and tcp port (%P) as its command line + arguments. The external command can decide to decline the + service by exiting with a non-zero status (or to allow it by + exiting with a zero status). It can also look at the $REMOTE_ADDR + and $REMOTE_PORT environment variables to learn about the + requestor when making this decision. ++ +The external command can optionally write a single line to its +standard output to be sent to the requestor as an error message when +it declines the service. + <directory>:: A directory to add to the whitelist of allowed directories. Unless --strict-paths is specified this will also include subdirectories @@ -204,7 +220,7 @@ receive-pack:: can push anything into the repository, including removal of refs). This is solely meant for a closed LAN setting where everybody is friendly. This service can be - enabled by `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to + enabled by setting `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to `true`. EXAMPLES diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt index 039cce2e98..72d6bb612b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt @@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ OPTIONS --all:: Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref - found in `.git/refs/`. This option enables matching + found in `refs/` namespace. This option enables matching any known branch, remote-tracking branch, or lightweight tag. --tags:: Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any tag - found in `.git/refs/tags`. This option enables matching + found in `refs/tags` namespace. This option enables matching a lightweight (non-annotated) tag. --contains:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt index 31fc2e3aed..73ca7025a3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt @@ -69,6 +69,14 @@ with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$MERGED`. --tool-help:: Print a list of diff tools that may be used with `--tool`. +--symlinks:: +--no-symlinks:: + 'git difftool''s default behavior is create symlinks to the + working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode. ++ + Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create + copies instead. `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows. + -x <command>:: --extcmd=<command>:: Specify a custom command for viewing diffs. diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt index 2620d28b4b..6603a7ab73 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt @@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ OPTIONS See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats are supported, and their syntax. +-- done:: + Terminate with error if there is no 'done' command at the + end of the stream. + --force:: Force updating modified existing branches, even if doing so would cause commits to be lost (as the new commit does @@ -1047,7 +1051,9 @@ done:: Error out if the stream ends without a 'done' command. Without this feature, errors causing the frontend to end abruptly at a convenient point in the stream can go - undetected. + undetected. This may occur, for example, if an import + front end dies in mid-operation without emitting SIGTERM + or SIGKILL at its subordinate git fast-import instance. `option` ~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt index 81f58234a7..e2301f5c01 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt @@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ changes, which would normally have no effect. Nevertheless, this may be useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such, therefore such a usage is permitted. -*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` and `.git/refs/replace/`. +*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` file and refs in +the `refs/replace/` namespace. If you have any grafts or replacement refs defined, running this command will make them permanent. @@ -303,6 +304,11 @@ committed a merge between P1 and P2, it will be propagated properly and all children of the merge will become merge commits with P1,P2 as their parents instead of the merge commit. +*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted +by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want +to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the +interactive mode of 'git rebase'. + You can rewrite the commit log messages using `--msg-filter`. For example, 'git svn-id' strings in a repository created by 'git svn' can be removed this way: @@ -313,11 +319,6 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter ' ' ------------------------------------------------------- -To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision -range in addition to the new branch name. The new branch name will -point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range -will print. - If you need to add 'Acked-by' lines to, say, the last 10 commits (none of which is a merge), use this command: @@ -328,11 +329,10 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter ' ' HEAD~10..HEAD -------------------------------------------------------- -*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted -by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want -to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the -interactive mode of 'git rebase'. - +To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision +range in addition to the new branch name. The new branch name will +point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range +will print. Consider this history: diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt index c872b883ba..db55a4e0bb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt @@ -102,9 +102,10 @@ Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (`author`, and `date` to extract the named component. The complete message in a commit and tag object is `contents`. -Its first line is `contents:subject`, the remaining lines -are `contents:body` and the optional GPG signature -is `contents:signature`. +Its first line is `contents:subject`, where subject is the concatenation +of all lines of the commit message up to the first blank line. The next +line is 'contents:body', where body is all of the lines after the first +blank line. Finally, the optional GPG signature is `contents:signature`. For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric order (`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `taggerdate`). diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt index 04c7346e3e..6d43f56279 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt @@ -58,10 +58,13 @@ output, unless the `--stdout` option is specified. If `-o` is specified, output files are created in <dir>. Otherwise they are created in the current working directory. -By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] First Line" and -the subject when multiple patches are output is "[PATCH n/m] First -Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`. To omit -patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`. +By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by +the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank +line (see the DISCUSSION section of linkgit:git-commit[1]). + +When multiple patches are output, the subject prefix will instead be +"[PATCH n/m] ". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`. +To omit patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`. If given `--thread`, `git-format-patch` will generate `In-Reply-To` and `References` headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt index bbb25da2dd..da348fc942 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt @@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ OPTIONS An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace. + If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the -index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless ---no-reflogs is given) as heads. +index file, all SHA1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs +(unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads. --unreachable:: Print out objects that exist but that aren't reachable from any diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt index 3bec036883..cfecf848fb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt @@ -42,8 +42,16 @@ CONFIGURATION grep.lineNumber:: If set to true, enable '-n' option by default. +grep.patternType:: + Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended', + 'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp', + '--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the + value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior. + grep.extendedRegexp:: - If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. + If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This + option is ignored when the 'grep.patternType' option is set to a value + other than 'default'. OPTIONS diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt index 1f906208f9..585dac40ba 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-log.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt @@ -24,10 +24,6 @@ each commit introduces are shown. OPTIONS ------- --<n>:: - Limits the number of commits to show. - Note that this is a commit limiting option, see below. - <since>..<until>:: Show only commits between the named two commits. When either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to @@ -137,6 +133,8 @@ Examples This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all topic branches when staying on a single integration branch. +`git log -3`:: + Limits the number of commits to show to 3. Discussion ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt index c406a11001..d54932889f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt @@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ $ gitk $(cd .git/lost-found/commit && echo ??*) ------------ After making sure you know which the object is the tag you are looking -for, you can reconnect it to your regular .git/refs hierarchy. +for, you can reconnect it to your regular `refs` hierarchy by using +the `update-ref` command. ------------ $ git cat-file -t 1ef2b196 diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt index 7a9b86a58a..774de5e9d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt @@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ OPTIONS it successfully talked with the remote repository, whether it found any matching refs. +--get-url:: + Expand the URL of the given remote repository taking into account any + "url.<base>.insteadOf" config setting (See linkgit:git-config[1]) and + exit without talking to the remote. + <repository>:: Location of the repository. The shorthand defined in $GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt index b295bf8330..87842e33f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>... 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>... +'git merge-base' --is-ancestor <commit> <commit> 'git merge-base' --independent <commit>... DESCRIPTION @@ -50,6 +51,12 @@ from linkgit:git-show-branch[1] when used with the `--merge-base` option. from any other. This mimics the behavior of 'git show-branch --independent'. +--is-ancestor:: + Check if the first <commit> is an ancestor of the second <commit>, + and exit with status 0 if true, or with status 1 if not. + Errors are signaled by a non-zero status that is not 1. + + OPTIONS ------- -a:: @@ -110,6 +117,27 @@ both '1' and '2' are merge-bases of A and B. Neither one is better than the other (both are 'best' merge bases). When the `--all` option is not given, it is unspecified which best one is output. +A common idiom to check "fast-forward-ness" between two commits A +and B is (or at least used to be) to compute the merge base between +A and B, and check if it is the same as A, in which case, A is an +ancestor of B. You will see this idiom used often in older scripts. + + A=$(git rev-parse --verify A) + if test "$A" = "$(git merge-base A B)" + then + ... A is an ancestor of B ... + fi + +In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way: + + if git merge-base --is-ancestor A B + then + ... A is an ancestor of B ... + fi + +instead. + + See also -------- linkgit:git-rev-list[1], diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index 3ceefb8a1f..d34ea3c50b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ commit or stash your changes before running 'git merge'. more than two parents (affectionately called an Octopus merge). + If no commit is given from the command line, and if `merge.defaultToUpstream` -configuration variable is set, merge the remote tracking branches +configuration variable is set, merge the remote-tracking branches that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream. See also the configuration section of this manual page. @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ final result verbatim. When both sides made changes to the same area, however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area. -By default, git uses the same style as that is used by "merge" program +By default, git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this: ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt index 2a49de7cfe..6b563c500f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt @@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ OPTIONS -t <tool>:: --tool=<tool>:: Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>. - Valid merge tools are: - araxis, bc3, diffuse, ecmerge, emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3, - meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, tortoisemerge, vimdiff and xxdiff. + Valid values include emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3, + meld, vimdiff, and tortoisemerge. Run `git mergetool --tool-help` + for the list of valid <tool> settings. + If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git mergetool' will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`. If the @@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ variable `mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode` can be set to `true`. Otherwise, 'git mergetool' will prompt the user to indicate the success of the resolution after the custom tool has exited. +--tool-help:: + Print a list of merge tools that may be used with `--tool`. + -y:: --no-prompt:: Don't prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt index fe1f49bc6f..beff6229c8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ All commands except clone accept these options. --git-dir <dir>:: Set the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable. See linkgit:git[1]. ---verbose:: +--verbose, -v:: Provide more progress information. Sync options @@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior. p4. By default, this is the most recent p4 commit reachable from 'HEAD'. --M[<n>]:: +-M:: Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. Renames will be represented in p4 using explicit 'move' operations. There is no corresponding option to detect copies, but there are @@ -269,6 +269,24 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior. Export tags from git as p4 labels. Tags found in git are applied to the perforce working directory. +--dry-run, -n:: + Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change + state in git or p4. + +--prepare-p4-only:: + Apply a commit to the p4 workspace, opening, adding and deleting + files in p4 as for a normal submit operation. Do not issue the + final "p4 submit", but instead print a message about how to + submit manually or revert. This option always stops after the + first (oldest) commit. Git tags are not exported to p4. + +--conflict=(ask|skip|quit):: + Conflicts can occur when applying a commit to p4. When this + happens, the default behavior ("ask") is to prompt whether to + skip this commit and continue, or quit. This option can be used + to bypass the prompt, causing conflicting commits to be automatically + skipped, or to quit trying to apply commits, without prompting. + Rebase options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior. @@ -465,13 +483,15 @@ git-p4.useClientSpec:: Submit variables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ git-p4.detectRenames:: - Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. + Detect renames. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. This can be true, + false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -M'. git-p4.detectCopies:: - Detect copies. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. + Detect copies. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. This can be true, + false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -C'. git-p4.detectCopiesHarder:: - Detect copies harder. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. + Detect copies harder. See linkgit:git-diff[1]. A boolean. git-p4.preserveUser:: On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author, @@ -517,6 +537,10 @@ git-p4.labelExportRegexp:: Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'. +git-p4.conflict:: + Specify submit behavior when a conflict with p4 is found, as per + --conflict. The default behavior is 'ask'. + IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS ---------------------- * Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import. diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt index 10afd4edfe..f131677478 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt @@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as -'refs') were stored one file per ref under `$GIT_DIR/refs` +'refs') were stored one file per ref in a (sub)directory +under `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory. While many branch tips tend to be updated often, most tags and some branch tips are never updated. When a repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this @@ -22,13 +23,14 @@ one-file-per-ref format both wastes storage and hurts performance. This command is used to solve the storage and performance -problem by stashing the refs in a single file, +problem by storing the refs in a single file, `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`. When a ref is missing from the -traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy, it is looked up in this +traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy, it is looked +up in this file and used if found. Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under -`$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy. +`$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy. A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and @@ -57,6 +59,15 @@ a repository with many branches of historical interests. The command usually removes loose refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy after packing them. This option tells it not to. + +BUGS +---- + +Older documentation written before the packed-refs mechanism was +introduced may still say things like ".git/refs/heads/<branch> file +exists" when it means "branch <branch> exists". + + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index defb544ed0..67fa5ee195 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ include::merge-options.txt[] :git-pull: 1 +-r:: --rebase:: Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index cb97cc1c3b..fe46c4258a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]] `+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>. It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref - in the remote repository is to be updated. + in the remote repository is to be updated. If not specified, + the behavior of the command is controlled by the `push.default` + configuration variable. + The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or @@ -65,7 +67,8 @@ directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line -nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below). +nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below) and +no `push.default` configuration variable is set. --all:: Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all @@ -172,7 +175,7 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'. --recurse-submodules=check|on-demand:: Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be - pushed are available on a remote tracking branch. If 'check' is + pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If 'check' is used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be @@ -357,7 +360,8 @@ Examples `git push origin :`. + The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be -configured by setting the `push` option of the remote. +configured by setting the `push` option of the remote, or the `push.default` +configuration variable. + For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin` use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`. Any valid <refspec> (like diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 147fa1a8e0..da067ecafa 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ git-rebase - Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--onto <newbase>] +'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>] -'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] --onto <newbase> +'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>] -'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort +'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort | --edit-todo DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ rebase.autosquash:: OPTIONS ------- -<newbase>:: +--onto <newbase>:: Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the --onto option is not specified, the starting point is <upstream>. May be any valid commit, and not just an @@ -245,6 +245,9 @@ leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD. --skip:: Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch. +--edit-todo:: + Edit the todo list during an interactive rebase. + -m:: --merge:: Use merging strategies to rebase. When the recursive (default) merge @@ -273,7 +276,7 @@ which makes little sense. Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy. This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been specified, `-s recursive`. Note the reversal of 'ours' and - 'theirs' as noted in above for the `-m` option. + 'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option. -q:: --quiet:: @@ -344,14 +347,36 @@ This uses the `--interactive` machinery internally, but combining it with the `--interactive` option explicitly is generally not a good idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below). +-x <cmd>:: +--exec <cmd>:: + Append "exec <cmd>" after each line creating a commit in the + final history. <cmd> will be interpreted as one or more shell + commands. ++ +This option can only be used with the `--interactive` option +(see INTERACTIVE MODE below). ++ +You may execute several commands by either using one instance of `--exec` +with several commands: ++ + git rebase -i --exec "cmd1 && cmd2 && ..." ++ +or by giving more than one `--exec`: ++ + git rebase -i --exec "cmd1" --exec "cmd2" --exec ... ++ +If `--autosquash` is used, "exec" lines will not be appended for +the intermediate commits, and will only appear at the end of each +squash/fixup series. --root:: Rebase all commits reachable from <branch>, instead of limiting them with an <upstream>. This allows you to rebase - the root commit(s) on a branch. Must be used with --onto, and + the root commit(s) on a branch. When used with --onto, it will skip changes already contained in <newbase> (instead of - <upstream>). When used together with --preserve-merges, 'all' - root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent + <upstream>) whereas without --onto it will operate on every change. + When used together with both --onto and --preserve-merges, + 'all' root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent instead. --autosquash:: @@ -521,6 +546,24 @@ in `$SHELL`, or the default shell if `$SHELL` is not set), so you can use shell features (like "cd", ">", ";" ...). The command is run from the root of the working tree. +---------------------------------- +$ git rebase -i --exec "make test" +---------------------------------- + +This command lets you check that intermediate commits are compilable. +The todo list becomes like that: + +-------------------- +pick 5928aea one +exec make test +pick 04d0fda two +exec make test +pick ba46169 three +exec make test +pick f4593f9 four +exec make test +-------------------- + SPLITTING COMMITS ----------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index a308f4c79f..e8c396b5f9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url> 'git remote rename' <old> <new> -'git remote rm' <name> +'git remote remove' <name> 'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>) 'git remote set-branches' [--add] <name> <branch>... 'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>] @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ In case <old> and <new> are the same, and <old> is a file under `$GIT_DIR/remotes` or `$GIT_DIR/branches`, the remote is converted to the configuration file format. +'remove':: 'rm':: Remove the remote named <name>. All remote-tracking branches and diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt index 17df525275..51131d0858 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt @@ -14,14 +14,13 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Adds a 'replace' reference in `.git/refs/replace/` +Adds a 'replace' reference in `refs/replace/` namespace. The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the replacement object. -Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist in -`.git/refs/replace/` directory. +Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist. Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 4cc3e9586f..3c63561f02 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -101,6 +101,12 @@ OPTIONS The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict abbreviation mode. +--disambiguate=<prefix>:: + Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix. + The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to + avoid listing each and every object in the repository by + mistake. + --all:: Show all refs found in `refs/`. diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt index 01d8417316..afeb4cdf16 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt @@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] DESCRIPTION ----------- Summarizes 'git log' output in a format suitable for inclusion -in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and -the first line of the commit message will be shown. +in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and title. Additionally, "[PATCH]" will be stripped from the commit description. diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt index 9e488c0aad..b4683bba1b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt @@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ status:: initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts. - This command is the default command for 'git submodule'. + If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested submodules, and show their status as well. @@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ update:: checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository. This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or `--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to - `rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overriden by specifying + `rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overridden by specifying `--checkout`. + If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the @@ -149,6 +148,11 @@ submodule with the `--init` option. + If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within. ++ +If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using +`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified in the +index of the containing repository already matches the commit checked out in +the submodule. summary:: Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and @@ -210,7 +214,9 @@ OPTIONS This option is only valid for add and update commands. When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path. When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when - switching to a different commit. + switching to a different commit; and always run a checkout operation + in the submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the + containing repository matches the commit checked out in the submodule. --cached:: This option is only valid for status and summary commands. These diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt index e36a7c3d1e..247534e908 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt @@ -20,11 +20,10 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Add a tag reference in `.git/refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given +Add a tag reference in `refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given to delete, list or verify tags. -Unless `-f` is given, the tag to be created must not yet exist in the -`.git/refs/tags/` directory. +Unless `-f` is given, the named tag must not yet exist. If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>` is passed, the command creates a 'tag' object, and requires a tag message. Unless diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 59ce6ac241..4a89a12513 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -22,18 +22,17 @@ unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see -link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and -"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may -also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See -the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth -introduction. +link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of +commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more +in-depth introduction. -The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias -as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]). +After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this +page to learn what commands git offers. You can learn more about +individual git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7] +manual page gives you an overview of the command line command syntax. -Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git -documentation can be viewed at -`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`. +Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation +can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`. ifdef::stalenotes[] [NOTE] @@ -44,9 +43,30 @@ unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: -* link:v1.7.11/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11] +* link:v1.8.0/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0] * release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0], + +* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4], + link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3], + link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2], + link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1], + link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12]. + +* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2], + link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1], link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11]. * link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5] @@ -401,24 +421,6 @@ help ...`. linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information. -FURTHER DOCUMENTATION ---------------------- - -See the references above to get started using git. The following is -probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user. - -The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the -user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide -introductions to the underlying git architecture. - -See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows. - -See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful -examples. - -The internals are documented in the -link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation]. - GIT COMMANDS ------------ @@ -734,7 +736,7 @@ other 'GIT_EDITOR':: This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`. - It is used by several git comands when, on interactive mode, + It is used by several git commands when, on interactive mode, an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1] and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1]. @@ -838,6 +840,29 @@ The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages") for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress. +FURTHER DOCUMENTATION +--------------------- + +See the references in the "description" section to get started +using git. The following is probably more detail than necessary +for a first-time user. + +The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the +user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide +introductions to the underlying git architecture. + +See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows. + +See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful +examples. + +The internals are documented in the +link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation]. + +Users migrating from CVS may also want to +read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. + + Authors ------- Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index 80120ea14f..ba02d4de59 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ is from the path in question, the lower its precedence). Finally global and system-wide files are considered (they have the lowest precedence). +When the `.gitattributes` file is missing from the work tree, the +path in the index is used as a fall-back. During checkout process, +`.gitattributes` in the index is used and then the file in the +working tree is used as a fall-back. + If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign attributes to files that are particular to one user's workflow for that repository), then @@ -75,6 +80,8 @@ repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into `.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the `core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]). +Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME +is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead. Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the `$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file. @@ -509,6 +516,8 @@ configuration file (you still need to enable this with the attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`). The following built in patterns are available: +- `ada` suitable for source code in the Ada language. + - `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references. - `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages. @@ -925,7 +934,7 @@ file at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory). The built-in macro attribute "binary" is equivalent to: ------------ -[attr]binary -diff -text +[attr]binary -diff -merge -text ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt index ea17f7a53b..3bc1500eda 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt @@ -37,11 +37,28 @@ arguments. Here are the rules: file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to disambiguate. - ++ When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing disambiguating `--` at appropriate places. + * Many commands allow wildcards in paths, but you need to protect + them from getting globbed by the shell. These two mean different + things: ++ +-------------------------------- +$ git checkout -- *.c +$ git checkout -- \*.c +-------------------------------- ++ +The former lets your shell expand the fileglob, and you are asking +the dot-C files in your working tree to be overwritten with the version +in the index. The latter passes the `*.c` to Git, and you are asking +the paths in the index that match the pattern to be checked out to your +working tree. After running `git add hello.c; rm hello.c`, you will _not_ +see `hello.c` in your working tree with the former, but with the latter +you will. + Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are scripting git: @@ -62,13 +79,21 @@ scripting git: `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree. + * many commands allow a long option "--option" to be abbreviated + only to their unique prefix (e.g. if there is no other option + whose name begins with "opt", you may be able to spell "--opt" to + invoke the "--option" flag), but you should fully spell them out + when writing your scripts; later versions of Git may introduce a + new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. "--optimize", + to make a short prefix that used to be unique no longer unique. + ENHANCED OPTION PARSER ---------------------- From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser. -Here is an exhaustive list of the facilities provided by this option parser. +Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser. Magic Options @@ -112,6 +137,16 @@ options. This means that you can for example use `git rm -rf` or `git clean -fdx`. +Abbreviating long options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Commands that support the enhanced option parser accepts unique +prefix of a long option as if it is fully spelled out, but use this +with a caution. For example, `git commit --amen` behaves as if you +typed `git commit --amend`, but that is true only until a later version +of Git introduces another option that shares the same prefix, +e.g `git commit --amenity" option. + + Separating argument from the option ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can write the mandatory option parameter to an option as a separate diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt index 9d893369a0..5325c5a7d5 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt @@ -956,12 +956,11 @@ $ git show-branch --topo-order --more=1 master mybranch ------------------------------------------------ The first two lines indicate that it is showing the two branches -and the first line of the commit log message from their -top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on `master` branch -(notice the asterisk `*` character), and the first column for -the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the +with the titles of their top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on +`master` branch (notice the asterisk `*` character), and the first +column for the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the `master` branch, and the second column for the `mybranch` -branch. Three commits are shown along with their log messages. +branch. Three commits are shown along with their titles. All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`*` shows an ordinary commit on the current branch, `-` is a merge commit), which means they are now part of the `master` branch. Only the "Some diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt index 2e7328b830..1b82fe1969 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt @@ -41,16 +41,24 @@ precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome): variable 'core.excludesfile'. Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to -be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to -other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want -to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are -specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared -with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside -the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into -the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. Patterns which a user wants git to -ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by -the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by -`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. +be used. + + * Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to + other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want + to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. + + * Patterns which are + specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared + with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside + the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into + the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. + + * Patterns which a user wants git to + ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by + the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by + `core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is + $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or + empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead. The underlying git plumbing tools, such as 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read @@ -66,11 +74,15 @@ PATTERN FORMAT for readability. - A line starting with # serves as a comment. + Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns + that begin with a hash. - - An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any + - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will override lower precedence patterns sources. + Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns + that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`". - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the purpose of the following description, but it would only find diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt index 5c891f1169..9f628862b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt @@ -93,6 +93,12 @@ refs/remotes/`name`:: records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied from a remote repository. +refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`:: + records the SHA1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`. + This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and + maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged + between repositories while grafts are not. + packed-refs:: records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/, and friends record in a more efficient way. See diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt index dee050567e..f1cb6f3be6 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt @@ -139,9 +139,11 @@ them to the index, and commit, all in one step. A note on commit messages: Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more -thorough description. Tools that turn commits into email, for -example, use the first line on the Subject: line and the rest of the -commit in the body. +thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit +message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used +throughout git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a +commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the +rest of the commit in the body. Git tracks content not files ---------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt index b9dd56753a..49474557d8 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt @@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ $highlight_bin:: By default set to 'highlight'; set it to full path to highlight executable if it is not installed on your web server's PATH. Note that 'highlight' feature must be set for gitweb to actually - use syntax hightlighting. + use syntax highlighting. + *NOTE*: if you want to add support for new file type (supported by "highlight" but not used by gitweb), you need to modify `%highlight_ext` diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index 3595b586bc..f928b57f90 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ to point at the new commit. [[def_ent]]ent:: Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See - `http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth)` for an in-depth + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth) for an in-depth explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people. [[def_evil_merge]]evil merge:: diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt index 861bd6f553..9bb4956ccd 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt @@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ merge.conflictstyle:: merge.defaultToUpstream:: If merge is called without any commit argument, merge the upstream branches configured for the current branch by using their last - observed values stored in their remote tracking branches. + observed values stored in their remote-tracking branches. The values of the `branch.<current branch>.merge` that name the branches at the remote named by `branch.<current branch>.remote` are consulted, and then they are mapped via `remote.<remote>.fetch` - to their corresponding remote tracking branches, and the tips of + to their corresponding remote-tracking branches, and the tips of these tracking branches are merged. merge.ff:: diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt index 595a3cf1a7..66db80296f 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt @@ -32,13 +32,14 @@ ours;; This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by favoring 'our' version. Changes from the other tree that do not conflict with our side are reflected to the merge result. + For a binary file, the entire contents are taken from our side. + This should not be confused with the 'ours' merge strategy, which does not even look at what the other tree contains at all. It discards everything the other tree did, declaring 'our' history contains all that happened in it. theirs;; - This is opposite of 'ours'. + This is the opposite of 'ours'. patience;; With this option, 'merge-recursive' spends a little extra time diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt index e3d8a83b23..d9eddedc72 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt @@ -130,6 +130,9 @@ The placeholders are: - '%b': body - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body) - '%N': commit notes +- '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit +- '%G?': show either "G" for Good or "B" for Bad for a signed commit +- '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` - '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@{1}` - '%gn': reflog identity name diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt index 2a3dc8664f..5e499421a4 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt @@ -66,3 +66,7 @@ being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from --[no-]standard-notes:: These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes options instead. + +--show-signature:: + Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature + to `gpg --verify` and show the output. diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index 1ae3c899ef..ee497430cb 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -3,12 +3,20 @@ Commit Limiting Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the special notations explained in the description, additional commit -limiting may be applied. Note that they are applied before commit -ordering and formatting options, such as '--reverse'. +limiting may be applied. + +Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g. +`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it +with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message +has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted. + +Note that these are applied before commit +ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`. -- --n 'number':: +-<number>:: +-n <number>:: --max-count=<number>:: Limit the number of commits to output. @@ -38,16 +46,33 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] --committer=<pattern>:: Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer - header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression). + header lines that match the specified pattern (regular + expression). With more than one `--author=<pattern>`, + commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are + chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`). + +--grep-reflog=<pattern>:: + + Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that + match the specified pattern (regular expression). With + more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message + matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an + error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use. --grep=<pattern>:: Limit the commits output to ones with log message that - matches the specified pattern (regular expression). + matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With + more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message + matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see + `--all-match`). ++ +When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes as +if it is part of the log message. --all-match:: Limit the commits output to ones that match all given --grep, - --author and --committer instead of ones that match at least one. + instead of ones that match at least one. -i:: --regexp-ignore-case:: @@ -578,16 +603,33 @@ Commit Ordering By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order. ---topo-order:: +--date-order:: + Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but + otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order. - This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e. - descendant commits are shown before their parents). +--topo-order:: + Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and + avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history + intermixed. ++ +For example, in a commit history like this: ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- ---date-order:: + ---1----2----4----7 + \ \ + 3----5----6----8--- - This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no - parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things - are still ordered in the commit timestamp order. +---------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git +rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the +timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. ++ +With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5 +3 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to +avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed +together. --reverse:: @@ -619,9 +661,14 @@ These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories. Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not in packs. ---no-walk:: +--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]:: - Only show the given revs, but do not traverse their ancestors. + Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors. + This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument + "unsorted" is given, the commits are show in the order they were + given on the command line. Otherwise (if "sorted" or no argument + was given), the commits are show in reverse chronological order + by commit time. --do-walk:: @@ -759,7 +806,7 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. --cc:: - This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the + This flag implies the '-c' option and further compresses the patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks one of them without modification. diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index 1725661837..991fcd8f3f 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -24,22 +24,22 @@ blobs contained in a commit. object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'. If you happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean. - When ambiguous, a '<name>' is disambiguated by taking the + When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the first match in the following rules: - . If '$GIT_DIR/<name>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually + . If '$GIT_DIR/<refname>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually useful only for 'HEAD', 'FETCH_HEAD', 'ORIG_HEAD', 'MERGE_HEAD' and 'CHERRY_PICK_HEAD'); - . otherwise, 'refs/<name>' if it exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/<refname>' if it exists; . otherwise, 'refs/tags/<refname>' if it exists; - . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<name>' if it exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<refname>' if it exists; - . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>' if it exists; + . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>' if it exists; - . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD' if it exists. + . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>/HEAD' if it exists. + 'HEAD' names the commit on which you based the changes in the working tree. 'FETCH_HEAD' records the branch which you fetched from a remote repository @@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ when you run `git cherry-pick`. + Note that any of the 'refs/*' cases above may come either from the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file. +While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is prefered as +some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8. '<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}':: A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification @@ -213,18 +215,56 @@ of 'r1' and 'r2' and is defined as It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of 'r1' or 'r2' but not from both. +In these two shorthands, you can omit one end and let it default to HEAD. +For example, 'origin..' is a shorthand for 'origin..HEAD' and asks "What +did I do since I forked from the origin branch?" Similarly, '..origin' +is a shorthand for 'HEAD..origin' and asks "What did the origin do since +I forked from them?" Note that '..' would mean 'HEAD..HEAD' which is an +empty range that is both reachable and unreachable from HEAD. + Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit and its parent commits exist. The 'r1{caret}@' notation means all parents of 'r1'. 'r1{caret}!' includes commit 'r1' but excludes all of its parents. +To summarize: + +'<rev>':: + Include commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of) + <rev>. + +'{caret}<rev>':: + Exclude commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of) + <rev>. + +'<rev1>..<rev2>':: + Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude + those that are reachable from <rev1>. + +'<rev1>\...<rev2>':: + Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or + <rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both. + +'<rev>{caret}@', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}@':: + A suffix '{caret}' followed by an at sign is the same as listing + all parents of '<rev>' (meaning, include anything reachable from + its parents, but not the commit itself). + +'<rev>{caret}!', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}!':: + A suffix '{caret}' followed by an exclamation mark is the same + as giving commit '<rev>' and then all its parents prefixed with + '{caret}' to exclude them (and their ancestors). + Here are a handful of examples: D G H D D F G H I J D F ^G D H D ^D B E I J F B + B..C C B...C G H D E B C ^D B C E I J F B C + C I J F C C^@ I J F + C^! C F^! D G H D F diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt index 1b7d8f140c..1a797812fb 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt @@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ Functions Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `argv_array_push`. +`argv_array_pop`:: + Remove the final element from the array. If there are no + elements in the array, do nothing. + `argv_array_clear`:: Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the initial, empty state. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt index adb6f0c896..5977b58e57 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt @@ -241,42 +241,9 @@ appended to its command line, which is one of: Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper's storage. The details of the credential will be provided on the helper's stdin -stream. The credential is split into a set of named attributes. -Attributes are provided to the helper, one per line. Each attribute is -specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign, -followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`, -newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL. -In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting, -and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of -attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file. - -Git will send the following attributes (but may not send all of -them for a given credential; for example, a `host` attribute makes no -sense when dealing with a non-network protocol): - -`protocol`:: - - The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g., - `https`). - -`host`:: - - The remote hostname for a network credential. - -`path`:: - - The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for - accessing a remote https repository, this will be the - repository's path on the server. - -`username`:: - - The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a - URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper). - -`password`:: - - The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored. +stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the +`git credential` plumbing command (see the section `INPUT/OUTPUT +FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[7] for a detailed specification). For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt index 4a4bae8109..45d1c517cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt @@ -25,9 +25,6 @@ Functions the array (but note that some operations below may lose this ordering). -`sha1_array_sort`:: - Sort the elements in the array. - `sha1_array_lookup`:: Perform a binary search of the array for a specific sha1. If found, returns the offset (in number of elements) of the diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt index 5a0c14fceb..94d7a2bd99 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt @@ -1,8 +1,9 @@ string-list API =============== -The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle sorted -and unsorted string lists. +The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle +sorted and unsorted string lists. A "sorted" list is one whose +entries are sorted by string value in `strcmp()` order. The 'string_list' struct used to be called 'path_list', but was renamed because it is not specific to paths. @@ -20,8 +21,9 @@ If you need something advanced, you can manually malloc() the `items` member (you need this if you add things later) and you should set the `nr` and `alloc` members in that case, too. -. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append` or - `string_list_insert`. +. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append`, + `string_list_append_nodup`, `string_list_insert`, + `string_list_split`, and/or `string_list_split_in_place`. . Can check if a string is in the list using `string_list_has_string` or `unsorted_string_list_has_string` and get it from the list using @@ -29,18 +31,23 @@ member (you need this if you add things later) and you should set the . Can sort an unsorted list using `sort_string_list`. +. Can remove duplicate items from a sorted list using + `string_list_remove_duplicates`. + . Can remove individual items of an unsorted list using `unsorted_string_list_delete_item`. +. Can remove items not matching a criterion from a sorted or unsorted + list using `filter_string_list`. + . Finally it should free the list using `string_list_clear`. Example: ---- -struct string_list list; +struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP; int i; -memset(&list, 0, sizeof(struct string_list)); string_list_append(&list, "foo"); string_list_append(&list, "bar"); for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) @@ -60,6 +67,22 @@ Functions * General ones (works with sorted and unsorted lists as well) +`filter_string_list`:: + + Apply a function to each item in a list, retaining only the + items for which the function returns true. If free_util is + true, call free() on the util members of any items that have + to be deleted. Preserve the order of the items that are + retained. + +`string_list_longest_prefix`:: + + Return the longest string within a string_list that is a + prefix (in the sense of prefixcmp()) of the specified string, + or NULL if no such prefix exists. This function does not + require the string_list to be sorted (it does a linear + search). + `print_string_list`:: Dump a string_list to stdout, useful mainly for debugging purposes. It @@ -96,15 +119,32 @@ write `string_list_insert(...)->util = ...;`. Look up a given string in the string_list, returning the containing string_list_item. If the string is not found, NULL is returned. +`string_list_remove_duplicates`:: + + Remove all but the first of consecutive entries that have the + same string value. If free_util is true, call free() on the + util members of any items that have to be deleted. + * Functions for unsorted lists only `string_list_append`:: - Append a new string to the end of the string_list. + Append a new string to the end of the string_list. If + `strdup_string` is set, then the string argument is copied; + otherwise the new `string_list_entry` refers to the input + string. + +`string_list_append_nodup`:: + + Append a new string to the end of the string_list. The new + `string_list_entry` always refers to the input string, even if + `strdup_string` is set. This function can be used to hand + ownership of a malloc()ed string to a `string_list` that has + `strdup_string` set. `sort_string_list`:: - Make an unsorted list sorted. + Sort the list's entries by string value in `strcmp()` order. `unsorted_string_list_has_string`:: @@ -124,6 +164,25 @@ counterpart for sorted lists, which performs a binary search. is set. The third parameter controls if the `util` pointer of the items should be freed or not. +`string_list_split`:: +`string_list_split_in_place`:: + + Split a string into substrings on a delimiter character and + append the substrings to a `string_list`. If `maxsplit` is + non-negative, then split at most `maxsplit` times. Return the + number of substrings appended to the list. ++ +`string_list_split` requires a `string_list` that has `strdup_strings` +set to true; it leaves the input string untouched and makes copies of +the substrings in newly-allocated memory. +`string_list_split_in_place` requires a `string_list` that has +`strdup_strings` set to false; it splits the input string in place, +overwriting the delimiter characters with NULs and creating new +string_list_items that point into the original string (the original +string must therefore not be modified or freed while the `string_list` +is in use). + + Data structures --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt index 49cdc571cd..d51e20f352 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt @@ -259,8 +259,10 @@ a positive depth, this step is skipped. ---- If the client has requested a positive depth, the server will compute -the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth, starting -at the client's wants. The server writes 'shallow' lines for each +the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth. The set +of commits start at the client's wants. + +The server writes 'shallow' lines for each commit whose parents will not be sent as a result. The server writes an 'unshallow' line for each commit which the client has indicated is shallow, but is no longer shallow at the currently requested depth diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt index 289019478d..1d15ee7e52 100644 --- a/Documentation/urls.txt +++ b/Documentation/urls.txt @@ -6,8 +6,12 @@ address of the remote server, and the path to the repository. Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be absent. -Git natively supports ssh, git, http, https, ftp, ftps, and rsync -protocols. The following syntaxes may be used with them: +Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp, +and ftps can be used for fetching and rsync can be used for fetching +and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use +them). + +The following syntaxes may be used with them: - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/ - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/ diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.conf b/Documentation/user-manual.conf index 339b30919e..d87294de2f 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.conf +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.conf @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ifdef::backend-docbook[] # "unbreak" docbook-xsl v1.68 for manpages. v1.69 works with or without this. [listingblock] <example><title>{title}</title> -<literallayout> +<literallayout class="monospaced"> | </literallayout> {title#}</example> diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index 1b942074b6..85651b57ae 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -1136,9 +1136,12 @@ Creating good commit messages Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough -description. Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use -the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the -body. +description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit +message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used +throughout git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a +commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the +rest of the commit in the body. + [[ignoring-files]] Ignoring files @@ -1600,7 +1603,7 @@ dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with "gc". -You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to supress these messages, and still +You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still view real errors. [[recovering-lost-changes]] @@ -2870,7 +2873,7 @@ $ git fetch example You can also add a "+" to force the update each time: ------------------------------------------------- -$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master +$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:refs/remotes/example/master ------------------------------------------------- Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly @@ -2966,7 +2969,7 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by: - a tree: The SHA-1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing the contents of a directory at a certain point in time. -- parent(s): The SHA-1 name of some number of commits which represent the +- parent(s): The SHA-1 name(s) of some number of commits which represent the immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project. The example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than one. A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and @@ -3363,8 +3366,8 @@ Date: :100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile ------------------------------------------------ -This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was -"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha". +This tells you that the immediately following version of the file was +"newsha", and that the immediately preceding version was "oldsha". You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha. @@ -4035,8 +4038,8 @@ $ git ls-files --unmerged Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the filename. The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it -came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD` -tree, and stage3 `$target` tree. +came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to +the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree. Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside `git read-tree -m`. For example, if the file did not change |