diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/CodingGuidelines | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt | 86 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/SubmittingPatches | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-check-attr.txt | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-merge-file.txt | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt | 104 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-stash.txt | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt | 40 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git.txt | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt | 39 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/revisions.txt | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt | 503 |
14 files changed, 713 insertions, 140 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index 559d5f9ebf..e5ca3b75d3 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -242,6 +242,14 @@ Writing Documentation: processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the same directory). + The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK) + norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate. + In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently + used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US + (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing + documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the + Documentation/SubmittingPatches file). + Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation. The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing conventions. A few commented examples follow to provide reference diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt index b4f8737c5a..02f681b710 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt @@ -198,9 +198,6 @@ UI, Workflows & Features response was to stash them and re-run). This introduced a corner case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed. - * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now, - e.g. "git log @". - * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes. @@ -242,6 +239,13 @@ UI, Workflows & Features Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + * On Cygwin, we used to use our own lstat(2) emulation that is + allegedly faster than the platform one in codepaths where some of + the information it returns did not matter, but it started to bite + us in a few codepaths where the trick it uses to cheat does show + breakages. This emulation has been removed and we use the native + lstat(2) emulation supplied by Cygwin now. + * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)). @@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which has been tightened up. - * We read loose and packed rerferences in two steps, but after + * We read loose and packed references in two steps, but after deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause us to barf. The codepath has been updated to retry when such a @@ -365,12 +369,6 @@ details). the user to an unexpected place. (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint). - * "git stash save", when your local change turns a tracked file into - a directory, has to remove files in that directory in order to - revert your working tree to a pristine state. This will lose - untracked files in such a directory, and the command now requires - you to "--force" it. - * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented. (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint). @@ -381,7 +379,7 @@ details). * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs other than Git, incorrectly. This is an old breakage in - v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintanance tracks. + v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintenance tracks. * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but we updated the auth material after handing it to a call. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..220239975b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Git v1.8.5 Release Notes +======================== + +Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0) +------------------------------------------ + +When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the +traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent +to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name +over there). In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple" +semantics that pushes: + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only + when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote + branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you + are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from. + +Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to +change this. If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching" +semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the +traditional behaviour. If you want to live in the future early, you +can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0. + +When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and +does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it +will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency +with "git commit -a" and other commands. There will be no +mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .". +Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start +training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." +before Git 2.0 comes. A warning is issued when these commands are +run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the +current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different +from today's version in such a situation. + +In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so +that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory +and record the removal. Versions before Git 2.0, including this +release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this +behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>" +now before 2.0 is released. + + +Updates since v1.8.4 +-------------------- + +Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports. + + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of + it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time + wonderig what the difference is between it and "git log". Make it + less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain + that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in + its own document. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.8.4 +------------------ + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for +details). + + * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot + grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' the prompt and + completion code started to use recently. + (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint). + + * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on + platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros. + (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3). + + * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a + shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags. + (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3). diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index d0a4733e45..705557689d 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -65,7 +65,20 @@ feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. Also make sure that the test suite passes after your commit. Do not forget to update the documentation to describe the updated behaviour. -Oh, another thing. I am picky about whitespaces. Make sure your +Speaking of the documentation, it is currently a liberal mixture of US +and UK English norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat +unfortunate. A huge patch that touches the files all over the place +only to correct the inconsistency is not welcome, though. Potential +clashes with other changes that can result from such a patch are not +worth it. We prefer to gradually reconcile the inconsistencies in +favor of US English, with small and easily digestible patches, as a +side effect of doing some other real work in the vicinity (e.g. +rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while turning en_UK spelling to +en_US). Obvious typographical fixes are much more welcomed ("teh -> +"the"), preferably submitted as independent patches separate from +other documentation changes. + +Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, run git diff --check on your changes before you commit. diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt index a7be80d48b..00e2aa2df2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt @@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ OPTIONS Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line. -z:: - Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a - NUL character instead of a linefeed character. + The output format is modified to be machine-parseable. + If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated + with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character. \--:: Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following @@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ OUTPUT The output is of the form: <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF +unless `-z` is in effect, in which case NUL is used as delimiter: +<path> NUL <attribute> NUL <info> NUL + + <path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute being queried and <info> can be either: diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt index fc02959ba4..a49be1bab4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt @@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ Git imposes the following rules on how references are named: . They cannot contain a sequence `@{`. -. They cannot be the single character `@`. - . They cannot contain a `\`. These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt index d7db2a3737..d2fc12ec77 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]] [--ours|--theirs|--union] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet] [--marker-size=<n>] - <current-file> <base-file> <other-file> + [--[no-]diff3] <current-file> <base-file> <other-file> DESCRIPTION @@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ OPTIONS -q:: Quiet; do not warn about conflicts. +--diff3:: + Show conflicts in "diff3" style. + --ours:: --theirs:: --union:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 2b126c0a77..d068a65377 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -24,9 +24,23 @@ distinguish between them. OPTIONS ------- + +Operation Modes +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Each of these options must appear first on the command line. + --parseopt:: Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below). +--sq-quote:: + Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE + section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this + mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input. + +Options for --parseopt +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + --keep-dashdash:: Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo out the first `--` met instead of skipping it. @@ -36,10 +50,8 @@ OPTIONS the first non-option argument. This can be used to parse sub-commands that take options themselves. ---sq-quote:: - Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE - section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this - mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input. +Options for Filtering +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --revs-only:: Do not output flags and parameters not meant for @@ -55,6 +67,9 @@ OPTIONS --no-flags:: Do not output flag parameters. +Options for Output +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + --default <arg>:: If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>` instead. @@ -110,6 +125,17 @@ can be used. strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have one. +--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]:: + A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name. + The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict + abbreviation mode. + +--short:: +--short=number:: + Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to + abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified + 7 is used. The minimum length is 4. + --symbolic:: Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a @@ -123,16 +149,8 @@ can be used. unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master"). ---abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]:: - A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name. - The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict - abbreviation mode. - ---disambiguate=<prefix>:: - Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix. - The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to - avoid listing each and every object in the repository by - mistake. +Options for Objects +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --all:: Show all refs found in `refs/`. @@ -155,18 +173,20 @@ shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`, character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`. ---show-toplevel:: - Show the absolute path of the top-level directory. +--disambiguate=<prefix>:: + Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix. + The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to + avoid listing each and every object in the repository by + mistake. ---show-prefix:: - When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the - path of the current directory relative to the top-level - directory. +Options for Files +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ---show-cdup:: - When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the - path of the top-level directory relative to the current - directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string). +--local-env-vars:: + List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the + repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR). + Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value, + even if they are set. --git-dir:: Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to @@ -188,17 +208,27 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. --is-bare-repository:: When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false". ---local-env-vars:: - List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the - repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR). - Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value, - even if they are set. +--resolve-git-dir <path>:: + Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that + points at a valid repository, and print the location of the + repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path + to the real repository is printed. ---short:: ---short=number:: - Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to - abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified - 7 is used. The minimum length is 4. +--show-cdup:: + When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the + path of the top-level directory relative to the current + directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string). + +--show-prefix:: + When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the + path of the current directory relative to the top-level + directory. + +--show-toplevel:: + Show the absolute path of the top-level directory. + +Other Options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --since=datestring:: --after=datestring:: @@ -213,12 +243,6 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status. <args>...:: Flags and parameters to be parsed. ---resolve-git-dir <path>:: - Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that - points at a valid repository, and print the location of the - repository. If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path - to the real repository is printed. - include::revisions.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt index 7c8b648fbe..db7e803038 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>] 'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] - [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-f|--force] - [<message>]] + [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]] 'git stash' clear 'git stash' create [<message>] 'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit> @@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ is also possible). OPTIONS ------- -save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-f|--force] [<message>]:: +save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]:: Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset --hard` to revert them. The <message> part is optional and gives @@ -72,13 +71,6 @@ linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. + The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use `--no-keep-index` to override this. -+ -In some cases, saving a stash could mean irretrievably removing some -data - if a directory with untracked files replaces a tracked file of -the same name, the new untracked files are not saved (except in case -of `--include-untracked`) but the original tracked file shall be restored. -By default, `stash save` will abort in such a case; `--force` will allow -it to remove the untracked files. list [<options>]:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt index c600b61e2b..8b63ceb00e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt @@ -13,43 +13,17 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. The -command internally invokes 'git rev-list' piped to -'git diff-tree', and takes command line options for both of -these commands. -This manual page describes only the most frequently used options. +Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. +New users are encouraged to use linkgit:git-log[1] instead. The +`whatchanged` command is essentially the same as linkgit:git-log[1] +but defaults to show the raw format diff output and to skip merges. -OPTIONS -------- --p:: - Show textual diffs, instead of the Git internal diff - output format that is useful only to tell the changed - paths and their nature of changes. +The command is kept primarily for historical reasons; fingers of +many people who learned Git long before `git log` was invented by +reading Linux kernel mailing list are trained to type it. --<n>:: - Limit output to <n> commits. - -<since>..<until>:: - Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom - exclusive, top inclusive). - --r:: - Show Git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, - not just the top level. - --m:: - By default, differences for merge commits are not shown. - With this flag, show differences to that commit from all - of its parents. -+ -However, it is not very useful in general, although it -*is* useful on a file-by-file basis. - -include::pretty-options.txt[] - -include::pretty-formats.txt[] Examples -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 3bdd56e8f4..83edf308b1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: +* link:v1.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4]. + * link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4] * release notes for @@ -818,7 +823,7 @@ for further details. 'GIT_FLUSH':: If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log', - 'git check-attr', 'git check-ignore', and 'git whatchanged' will + 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will force a flush of the output stream after each record have been flushed. If this variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt index f538a870c7..058a352980 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt @@ -534,42 +534,9 @@ all, but just show the actual commit message. In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of -changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is -included with Git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent -activities. - -To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you -can do - ----------------- -$ git log ----------------- - -which shows just the log messages, or if we want to see the log together -with the associated patches use the more complex (and much more -powerful) - ----------------- -$ git whatchanged -p ----------------- - -and you will see exactly what has changed in the repository over its -short history. - -[NOTE] -When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown. -If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting -the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you -can still show it for each command just adding the `--root` option, -which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands. - -With that, you should now be having some inkling of what Git does, and -can explore on your own. - -[NOTE] -Most likely, you are not directly using the core -Git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm' -and `git-commit'. +changes. You can emulate `git log`, `git log -p`, etc. with a trivial +script that pipes the output of `git rev-list` to `git diff-tree --stdin`, +which was exactly how early versions of `git log` were implemented. Tagging a version diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index 09896a37b1..d477b3f6bc 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -58,9 +58,6 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file. While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is preferred as some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8. -'@':: - '@' alone is a shortcut for 'HEAD'. - '<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}':: A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification enclosed in a brace diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a1173ee266 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt @@ -0,0 +1,503 @@ +HTTP transfer protocols +======================= + +Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols. A "dumb" protocol +which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the +connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI +(or server module). This document describes both protocols. + +As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb" +protocol URLs to smart URLs. This permits all users to have the +same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most +efficient transport available to them. + + +URL Format +---------- + +URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP +URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form: + + http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart> + +Within this documentation the placeholder $GIT_URL will stand for +the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user. + +Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching $GIT_URL, as +both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate +by appending additional path components onto the end of the user +supplied $GIT_URL string. + +An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object: + + $GIT_URL: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git + URL request: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 + +An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway: + + $GIT_URL: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q= + URL request: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack + +An example of a request to a submodule: + + $GIT_URL: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git + URL request: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs + +Clients MUST strip a trailing '/', if present, from the user supplied +$GIT_URL string to prevent empty path tokens ('//') from appearing +in any URL sent to a server. Compatible clients MUST expand +'$GIT_URL/info/refs' as 'foo/info/refs' and not 'foo//info/refs'. + + +Authentication +-------------- + +Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required +to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the +HTTP server software. + +Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components +server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within +their HTTP server to control repository access. + +Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2616. +Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the +HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software. + +Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of +authentication or access control. + +Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based +authentication, such as Digest authentication. + + +SSL +--- + +Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect +passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication. + + +Session State +------------- + +The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless +from the perspective of the HTTP server side. All state MUST be +retained and managed by the client process. This permits simple +round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to +worry about state management. + +Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in +order to function correctly. + +Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly. +Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing +as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1). Servers SHOULD ignore any +cookies sent by a client. + + +General Request Processing +-------------------------- + +Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed +by both client and server. This includes (but is not necessarily +limited to): + +If there is no repository at $GIT_URL, or the resource pointed to by a +location matching $GIT_URL does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond +with '200 OK' response. A server SHOULD respond with +'404 Not Found', '410 Gone', or any other suitable HTTP status code +which does not imply the resource exists as requested. + +If there is a repository at $GIT_URL, but access is not currently +permitted, the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP +status code. + +Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1. +Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response +bodies. + +Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1. +Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response +bodies. + +Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers. + +Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since +and/or If-None-Match request headers. + +Servers MAY return '304 Not Modified' if the relevant headers appear +in the request and the entity has not changed. Clients MUST treat +'304 Not Modified' identical to '200 OK' by reusing the cached entity. + +Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the +Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching. Clients and +servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls. + + +Discovering References +---------------------- + +All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by +discovering the references available on the remote repository. + +Dumb Clients +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover +references by making a request for the special info/refs file of +the repository. + +Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a GET request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, +without any search/query parameters. + + C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0 + + S: 200 OK + S: + S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint + S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master + S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0 + S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{} + +The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be +"text/plain; charset=utf-8", but MAY be any content type. +Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type. +Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with +"application/x-git-". + +Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the +returned entity. + +When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP +status code. Valid responses are '200 OK', or '304 Not Modified'. + +The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing +each ref and its known value. The file SHOULD be sorted by name +according to the C locale ordering. The file SHOULD NOT include +the default ref named 'HEAD'. + + info_refs = *( ref_record ) + ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref + + any_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF + peeled_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF + obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF + +Smart Clients +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the +"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making +a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository. + +The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter, +'service=$servicename', where $servicename MUST be the service +name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation. +The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters. + + C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 + + dumb server reply: + S: 200 OK + S: + S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint + S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master + S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0 + S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{} + + smart server reply: + S: 200 OK + S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement + S: Cache-Control: no-cache + S: + S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n + S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n + S: 0042d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n + S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n + S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n + +Dumb Server Response +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format. + +See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed +description of the dumb server response. + +Smart Server Response +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the +requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator, +the server MUST respond with the '403 Forbidden' HTTP status code. + +Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply +format for the requested service name. + +Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the +returned entity. + +The Content-Type MUST be 'application/x-$servicename-advertisement'. +Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content +type is returned. When falling back to the dumb protocol clients +SHOULD NOT make an additional request to $GIT_URL/info/refs, but +instead SHOULD use the response already in hand. Clients MUST NOT +continue if they do not support the dumb protocol. + +Clients MUST validate the status code is either '200 OK' or +'304 Not Modified'. + +Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity +matches the regex "^[0-9a-f]{4}#". If this test fails, clients +MUST NOT continue. + +Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line +records. + +Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is "# service=$servicename". +Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value. +Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line. +Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line. + +Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic "0000" end +pkt-line marker. + +The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and +its known value. The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to +the C locale ordering. The stream SHOULD include the default ref +named 'HEAD' as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability +declarations behind a NUL on the first ref. + + smart_reply = PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF) + ref_list + "0000" + ref_list = empty_list / non_empty_list + + empty_list = PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF) + + non_empty_list = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF) + *ref_record + + cap-list = capability *(SP capability) + capability = 1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_") + LC_ALPHA = %x61-7A + + ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref + any_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF) + peeled_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF) + PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF + +Smart Service git-upload-pack +------------------------------ +This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL. + +Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with +'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack'. + + C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0 + C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request + C: + C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n + C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n + C: 0000 + + S: 200 OK + S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result + S: Cache-Control: no-cache + S: + S: ....ACK %s, continue + S: ....NAK + +Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached reponse. +Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers +to prevent caching of the response. + +Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here. + +Clients MUST send at least one 'want' command in the request body. +Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a 'want' command which did not +appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the +server advertises capability "allow-tip-sha1-in-want". + + compute_request = want_list + have_list + request_end + request_end = "0000" / "done" + + want_list = PKT-LINE(want NUL cap_list LF) + *(want_pkt) + want_pkt = PKT-LINE(want LF) + want = "want" SP id + cap_list = *(SP capability) SP + + have_list = *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF) + +TODO: Document this further. +TODO: Don't use uppercase for variable names below. + +The Negotiation Algorithm +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows +(c = client, s = server): + + init step: + (c) Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs. + (c) Place any object seen into set ADVERTISED. + + (c) Build an empty set, COMMON, to hold the objects that are later + determined to be on both ends. + (c) Build a set, WANT, of the objects from ADVERTISED the client + wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery. + + (c) Start a queue, C_PENDING, ordered by commit time (popping newest + first). Add all client refs. When a commit is popped from + the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back. + Commits MUST only enter the queue once. + + one compute step: + (c) Send one $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack request: + + C: 0032want <WANT #1>............................... + C: 0032want <WANT #2>............................... + .... + C: 0032have <COMMON #1>............................. + C: 0032have <COMMON #2>............................. + .... + C: 0032have <HAVE #1>............................... + C: 0032have <HAVE #2>............................... + .... + C: 0000 + + The stream is organized into "commands", with each command + appearing by itself in a pkt-line. Within a command line + the text leading up to the first space is the command name, + and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value. + Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of + the pkt-line value. + + Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear + at all in the request stream: + + * want + * have + + The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush ("0000"). + + A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted + SHA-1 as its value. Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending + multiple commands. + + The HAVE list is created by popping the first 32 commits + from C_PENDING. Less can be supplied if C_PENDING empties. + + If the client has sent 256 HAVE commits and has not yet + received one of those back from S_COMMON, or the client has + emptied C_PENDING it SHOULD include a "done" command to let + the server know it won't proceed: + + C: 0009done + + (s) Parse the git-upload-pack request: + + Verify all objects in WANT are directly reachable from refs. + + The server MAY walk backwards through history or through + the reflog to permit slightly stale requests. + + If no WANT objects are received, send an error: + +TODO: Define error if no want lines are requested. + + If any WANT object is not reachable, send an error: + +TODO: Define error if an invalid want is requested. + + Create an empty list, S_COMMON. + + If 'have' was sent: + + Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client. + For each object, if the server has the object reachable from + a ref, add it to S_COMMON. If a commit is added to S_COMMON, + do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in HAVE. + + (s) Send the git-upload-pack response: + + If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the + request ends with "done", it replies with the pack. + +TODO: Document the pack based response + S: PACK... + + The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported + by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into + stream 1. Progress messages from the server side MAY appear + in stream 2. + + Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least + one path from every WANT to at least one COMMON object. + + If the server needs more information, it replies with a + status continue response: + +TODO: Document the non-pack response + + (c) Parse the upload-pack response: + +TODO: Document parsing response + + Do another compute step. + + +Smart Service git-receive-pack +------------------------------ +This service reads from the repository pointed to by $GIT_URL. + +Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with +'$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack'. + + C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0 + C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request + C: + C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status + C: 0000 + C: PACK.... + + S: 200 OK + S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result + S: Cache-Control: no-cache + S: + S: .... + +Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached reponse. +Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers +to prevent caching of the response. + +Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here. + +Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body. +Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send +the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id. + + update_request = command_list + "PACK" <binary data> + + command_list = PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF) + *(command_pkt) + command_pkt = PKT-LINE(command LF) + cap_list = *(SP capability) SP + + command = create / delete / update + create = zero-id SP new_id SP name + delete = old_id SP zero-id SP name + update = old_id SP new_id SP name + +TODO: Document this further. + + +References +---------- + +link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)] +link:http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1] +link:technical/pack-protocol.txt +link:technical/protocol-capabilities.txt |