diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
75 files changed, 1505 insertions, 332 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 62dbd9ac7c..0cfdc36b44 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT) -MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT)) -MAN_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT)) +MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT)) +MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT)) OBSOLETE_HTML = git-remote-helpers.html -DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML) +DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML) ARTICLES = howto-index ARTICLES += everyday @@ -74,35 +74,35 @@ SP_ARTICLES += technical/api-index DOC_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)) -DOC_MAN1=$(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT)) -DOC_MAN5=$(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT)) -DOC_MAN7=$(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT)) - -prefix?=$(HOME) -bindir?=$(prefix)/bin -htmldir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc -pdfdir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc -mandir?=$(prefix)/share/man -man1dir=$(mandir)/man1 -man5dir=$(mandir)/man5 -man7dir=$(mandir)/man7 -# DESTDIR= +DOC_MAN1 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT)) +DOC_MAN5 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT)) +DOC_MAN7 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT)) + +prefix ?= $(HOME) +bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin +htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc +infodir ?= $(prefix)/share/info +pdfdir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc +mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man +man1dir = $(mandir)/man1 +man5dir = $(mandir)/man5 +man7dir = $(mandir)/man7 +# DESTDIR = ASCIIDOC = asciidoc ASCIIDOC_EXTRA = MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl XMLTO = xmlto XMLTO_EXTRA = -INSTALL?=install +INSTALL ?= install RM ?= rm -f MAN_REPO = ../../git-manpages HTML_REPO = ../../git-htmldocs -infodir?=$(prefix)/share/info -MAKEINFO=makeinfo -INSTALL_INFO=install-info -DOCBOOK2X_TEXI=docbook2x-texi -DBLATEX=dblatex +MAKEINFO = makeinfo +INSTALL_INFO = install-info +DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi +DBLATEX = dblatex ifndef PERL_PATH PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl endif diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt index 806a965a1b..be68524cff 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.10 not exclude them and tried to apply funny patches only to fail. * "git blame" started missing quite a few changes from the origin - since we stopped using the diff minimalization by default in v1.7.2 + since we stopped using the diff minimization by default in v1.7.2 era. * When PATH contains an unreadable directory, alias expansion code diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt index cf3f455ced..7796df3fe4 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt @@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.5.3 -------------------- * The single-key mode of "git add -p" was easily fooled into thinking - that it was told to add everthing ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by + that it was told to add everything ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by mistake. * Setting a git command that uses custom configuration via "-c var=val" diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt index e74f4ef1ef..b9c66aa1b7 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt @@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Fixes since v1.7.8.1 * The configuration file parser used for sizes (e.g. bigFileThreshold) did not correctly interpret 'g' suffix. - * The replacement implemention for snprintf used on platforms with + * The replacement implementation for snprintf used on platforms with native snprintf that is broken did not use va_copy correctly. * LF-to-CRLF streaming filter replaced all LF with CRLF, which might - be techinically correct but not friendly to people who are trying + be technically correct but not friendly to people who are trying to recover from earlier mistakes of using CRLF in the repository data in the first place. It now refrains from doing so for LF that follows a CR. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt index b4d90bba0f..249311361e 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7 * Updates to bash completion scripts. * The build procedure has been taught to take advantage of computed - dependency automatically when the complier supports it. + dependency automatically when the compiler supports it. * The date parser now accepts timezone designators that lack minutes part and also has a colon between "hh:mm". @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7 * Variants of "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" that take multiple commits learned to "--continue" and "--abort". - * "git daemon" gives more human readble error messages to clients + * "git daemon" gives more human readable error messages to clients using ERR packets when appropriate. * Errors at the network layer is logged by "git daemon". diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt index 1354ad03f5..769a6fc06c 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Fixes since v1.8.2 common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped. * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not - acccumulate the prefix paths. + accumulate the prefix paths. * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt index dab4831ca0..708df1ae19 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt @@ -58,4 +58,4 @@ Fixes since v1.8.2.1 conflicts have been applied. * "git bundle" did not like a bundle created using a commit without - any message as its one of the prerequistes. + any message as its one of the prerequisites. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fc3ea185a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +Git v1.8.3.1 Release Notes +======================== + +Fixes since v1.8.3 +------------------ + + * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we + used to complain and die. The check has been loosened. + + * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was + broken in the update to v1.8.3. + +Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation +updates, updates to the test suite, etc. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..26ae142c3d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +Git v1.8.3.2 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.8.3.1 +-------------------- + + * Cloning with "git clone --depth N" while fetch.fsckobjects (or + transfer.fsckobjects) is set to true did not tell the cut-off + points of the shallow history to the process that validates the + objects and the history received, causing the validation to fail. + + * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into + "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been + updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account. + + * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does + not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork + from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from) + did not work correctly. + + * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error + checks to lose data at the remote side. + + * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did + not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B + was the bottom of the range being specified. + + * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when + another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends. + + * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22" + incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be + rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead). + + * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an + editor. + + * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented. + + * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git + can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link + by mistake. + + * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not + work due to slight differences in array variable notation between + these two shells. + + * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch + being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the + plain vanilla "rebase". + + * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so + it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push + out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the + command was started. + + * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the + end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some + cases. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9ba4f4da0f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Git v1.8.3.3 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.8.3.2 +-------------------- + + * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs + other than Git, incorrectly. This is an old breakage in v1.7.11. + + * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but + we updated the auth material after handing it to a call. + + * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the + index. + + * Many "git submodule" operations did not work on a submodule at a + path whose name is not in ASCII. + + * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in its error codepath. + + * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like + "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part + needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes + around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and + unquoted strings). It also mishandled names that need RFC2047 + quoting. + + * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each + request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one + when used as a persistent CGI. + + * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly. + + * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that + renamed the $path being followed. + + * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", + e.g. "git log @{u}", we did not say which branch and worse said + "branch ''" in the error messages. + + * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of + bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces. + + * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with + their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL. + +Also contains various minor documentation updates. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..56f106e262 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Git v1.8.3.4 Release Notes +========================== + +This update is mostly to propagate documentation fixes and test +updates from the master front back to the maintenance track. + +Fixes since v1.8.3.3 +-------------------- + + * The bisect log listed incorrect commits when bisection ends with + only skipped ones. + + * The test coverage framework was left broken for some time. + + * The test suite for HTTP transport did not run with Apache 2.4. + + * "git diff" used to fail when core.safecrlf is set and the working + tree contents had mixed CRLF/LF line endings. Committing such a + content must be prohibited, but "git diff" should help the user to + locate and fix such problems without failing. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ad58ac6dbd --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,480 @@ +Git v1.8.4 Release Notes +======================== + +Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0) +------------------------------------------ + +When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the +traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent +to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name +over there). In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple" +semantics that pushes: + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only + when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote + branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or + + - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you + are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from. + +Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to +change this. If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching" +semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the +traditional behaviour. If you want to live in the future early, you +can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0. + +When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and +does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it +will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency +with "git commit -a" and other commands. There will be no +mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .". +Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start +training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." +before Git 2.0 comes. A warning is issued when these commands are +run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the +current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different +from today's version in such a situation. + +In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so +that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory +and record the removal. Versions before Git 2.0, including this +release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this +behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>" +now before 2.0 is released. + + +Updates since v1.8.3 +-------------------- + +Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports. + + * "git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options. + + * Git-gui has been updated to its 0.18.0 version. + + * MediaWiki remote helper (in contrib/) has been updated to use the + credential helper interface from Git.pm. + + * Update build for Cygwin 1.[57]. Torsten Bögershausen reports that + this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 ($gmane/225824) so let's try moving it + ahead. + + * The credential helper to talk to keychain on OS X (in contrib/) has + been updated to kick in not just when talking http/https but also + imap(s) and smtp. + + * Remote transport helper has been updated to report errors and + maintain ref hierarchy used to keep track of its own state better. + + * With "export" remote-helper protocol, (1) a push that tries to + update a remote ref whose name is different from the pushing side + does not work yet, and (2) the helper may not know how to do + --dry-run; these problematic cases are disabled for now. + + * git-remote-hg/bzr (in contrib/) updates. + + * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) hints users to check the certificate, + when https:// connection failed. + + * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) adds a command to allow previewing the + contents locally before pushing it out, when working with a + MediaWiki remote. + + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * "git clean" command learned an interactive mode. + + * The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the + list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules + (e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads). The meaning + of the option has been changed to always show "HEAD" regardless of + what filtering will be applied to any other ref. + + This is a backward incompatible change and might cause breakages to + people's existing scripts. + + * "git show -s" was less discoverable than it should have been. It + now has a natural synonym "git show --no-patch". + + * "git check-mailmap" is a new command that lets you map usernames + and e-mail addresses through the mailmap mechanism, just like many + built-in commands do. + + * "git name-rev" learned to name an annotated tag object back to its + tagname; "git name-rev $(git rev-parse v1.0.0)" gives "tags/v1.0.0", + for example. + + * "git cat-file --batch-check=<format>" is added, primarily to allow + on-disk footprint of objects in packfiles (often they are a lot + smaller than their true size, when expressed as deltas) to be + reported. + + * "git rebase [-i]" used to leave just "rebase" as its reflog messages + for some operations. They have been reworded to be more informative. + + * In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach", + "submodule update" can allow a custom command to be used in to + update the working tree of submodules via the "submodule.*.update" + configuration variable. + + * "git submodule update" can optionally clone the submodule + repositories shallowly. + + * "git format-patch" learned "--from[=whom]" option, which sets the + "From: " header to the specified person (or the person who runs the + command, if "=whom" part is missing) and move the original author + information to an in-body From: header as necessary. + + * The configuration variable "merge.ff" was cleary a tri-state to + choose one from "favor fast-forward when possible", "always create + a merge even when the history could fast-forward" and "do not + create any merge, only update when the history fast-forwards", but + the command line parser did not implement the usual convention of + "last one wins, and command line overrides the configuration" + correctly. + + * "gitweb" learned to optionally place extra links that point at the + levels higher than the Gitweb pages themselves in the breadcrumbs, + so that it can be used as part of a larger installation. + + * "git log --format=" now honors i18n.logoutputencoding configuration + variable. + + * The "push.default=simple" mode of "git push" has been updated to + behave like "current" without requiring a remote tracking + information, when you push to a remote that is different from where + you fetch from (i.e. a triangular workflow). + + * Having multiple "fixup!" on a line in the rebase instruction sheet + did not work very well with "git rebase -i --autosquash". + + * "git log" learned the "--author-date-order" option, with which the + output is topologically sorted and commits in parallel histories + are shown intermixed together based on the author timestamp. + + * Various subcommands of "git submodule" refused to run from anywhere + other than the top of the working tree of the superproject, but + they have been taught to let you run from a subdirectory. + + * "git diff" learned a mode that ignores hunks whose change consists + only of additions and removals of blank lines, which is the same as + "diff -B" (ignore blank lines) of GNU diff. + + * "git rm" gives a single message followed by list of paths to report + multiple paths that cannot be removed. + + * "git rebase" can be told with ":/look for this string" syntax commits + to replay the changes onto and where the work to be replayed begins. + + * Many tutorials teach users to set "color.ui" to "auto" as the first + thing after you set "user.name/email" to introduce yourselves to + Git. Now the variable defaults to "auto". + + * On Cygwin, "cygstart" is now recognised as a possible way to start + a web browser (used in "help -w" and "instaweb" among others). + + * "git status" learned status.branch and status.short configuration + variables to use --branch and --short options by default (override + with --no-branch and --no-short options from the command line). + + * "git cmd <name>", when <name> happens to be a 40-hex string, + directly uses the 40-hex string as an object name, even if a ref + "refs/<some hierarchy>/<name>" exists. This disambiguation order + is unlikely to change, but we should warn about the ambiguity just + like we warn when more than one refs/ hierachies share the same + name. + + * "git rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option to save local + changes instead of refusing to run (to which people's normal + response was to stash them and re-run). This introduced a corner + case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed. + + * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now, + e.g. "git log @". + + * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work + more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes. + + * "git describe" learned "--first-parent" option to limit its closest + tagged commit search to the first-parent chain. + + * "git merge foo" that might have meant "git merge origin/foo" is + diagnosed with a more informative error message. + + * "git log -L<line>,<range>:<filename>" has been added. This may + still have leaks and rough edges, though. + + * We used the approxidate() parser for "--expire=<timestamp>" options + of various commands, but it is better to treat --expire=all and + --expire=now a bit more specially than using the current timestamp. + "git gc" and "git reflog" have been updated with a new parsing + function for expiry dates. + + * Updates to completion (both bash and zsh) helpers. + + * The behaviour of the "--chain-reply-to" option of "git send-email" + have changed at 1.7.0, and we added a warning/advice message to + help users adjust to the new behaviour back then, but we kept it + around for too long. The message has finally been removed. + + * "git fetch origin master" unlike "git fetch origin" or "git fetch" + did not update "refs/remotes/origin/master"; this was an early + design decision to keep the update of remote tracking branches + predictable, but in practice it turns out that people find it more + convenient to opportunistically update them whenever we have a + chance, and we have been updating them when we run "git push" which + already breaks the original "predictability" anyway. + + * The configuration variable core.checkstat was advertised in the + documentation but the code expected core.statinfo instead. + For now, we accept both core.checkstat and core.statinfo, but the + latter will be removed in the longer term. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. + + * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in + use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end + (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)). + + * The code to allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob + objects is in. This may help working in a bare repository and + submodule updates. + + * Fetching between repositories with many refs employed O(n^2) + algorithm to match up the common objects, which has been corrected. + + * The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/ + used to have a nifty feature. The code to support the feature was + still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5 + years ago, breaking that feature and leaving the supporting code + unreachable. The dead code has been removed. + + * "git pack-refs" that races with new ref creation or deletion have + been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which + has been tightened up. + + * We read loose and packed rerferences in two steps, but after + deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read + it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause + us to barf. The codepath has been updated to retry when such a + race is detected, instead of outright failing. + + * Uses of the platform fnmatch(3) function (many places in the code, + matching pathspec, .gitignore and .gitattributes to name a few) + have been replaced with wildmatch, allowing "foo/**/bar" that would + match foo/bar, foo/a/bar, foo/a/b/bar, etc. + + * Memory ownership and lifetime rules for what for-each-ref feeds to + its callbacks have been clarified (in short, "you do not own it, so + make a copy if you want to keep it"). + + * The revision traversal logic to improve culling of irrelevant + parents while traversing a mergy history has been updated. + + * Some leaks in unpack-trees (used in merge, cherry-pick and other + codepaths) have been plugged. + + * The codepath to read from marks files in fast-import/export did not + have to accept anything but 40-hex representation of the object + name. Further, fast-export did not need full in-core object + representation to have parsed wen reading from them. These + codepaths have been optimized by taking advantage of these access + patterns. + + * Object lookup logic, when the object hashtable starts to become + crowded, has been optimized. + + * When TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY setting is used, it was handled somewhat + inconsistently between the test framework and t/Makefile, and logic + to summarize the results looked at a wrong place. + + * "git clone" uses a lighter-weight implementation when making sure + that the history behind refs are complete. + + * Many warnings from sparse source checker in compat/ area has been + squelched. + + * The code to reading and updating packed-refs file has been updated, + correcting corner case bugs. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. + + +Fixes since v1.8.3 +------------------ + +Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.3 in the maintenance +track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for +details). + + * Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use + the default behaviour to let server certificate go without + verification, so by default enable the verification with a + mechanism to turn it off if needed. + (merge 35035bb rr/send-email-ssl-verify later to maint). + + * When "git" is spawned in such a way that any of the low 3 file + descriptors is closed, our first open() may yield file descriptor 2, + and writing error message to it would screw things up in a big way. + (merge a11c396 tr/protect-low-3-fds later to maint). + + * The mailmap mechanism unnecessarily downcased the e-mail addresses + in the output, and also ignored the human name when it is a single + character name. + (merge bd23794 jc/mailmap-case-insensitivity later to maint). + + * In two places we did not check return value (expected to be a file + descriptor) correctly. + (merge a77f106 tr/fd-gotcha-fixes later to maint). + + * Logic to auto-detect character encodings in the commit log message + did not reject overlong and invalid UTF-8 characters. + (merge 81050ac bc/commit-invalid-utf8 later to maint). + + * Pass port number as a separate argument when "send-email" initializes + Net::SMTP, instead of as a part of the hostname, i.e. host:port. + This allows GSSAPI codepath to match with the hostname given. + (merge 1a741bf bc/send-email-use-port-as-separate-param later to maint). + + * "git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is + set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the + working tree files. + (merge 5430bb2 jc/maint-diff-core-safecrlf later to maint). + + * A test that should have failed but didn't revealed a bug that needs + to be corrected. + (merge 94d75d1 jc/t1512-fix later to maint). + + * An overlong path to a .git directory may have overflown the + temporary path buffer used to create a name for lockfiles. + (merge 2fbd4f9 mh/maint-lockfile-overflow later to maint). + + * Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were + counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the + the user to an unexpected place. + (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint). + + * "git stash save", when your local change turns a tracked file into + a directory, has to remove files in that directory in order to + revert your working tree to a pristine state. This will lose + untracked files in such a directory, and the command now requires + you to "--force" it. + + * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented. + (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint). + + * "git name-rev --refs=tags/v*" were forbidden, which was a bit + inconvenient (you had to give a pattern to match refs fully, like + --refs=refs/tags/v*). + (merge 98c5c4a nk/name-rev-abbreviated-refs later to maint). + + * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by + programs other than Git, incorrectly. This is an old breakage in + v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintanance tracks. + + * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but + we updated the auth material after handing it to a call. + + * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the + index, and this avoids it. + + * Many "git submodule" operations do not work on a submodule at a + path whose name is not in ASCII. + + * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in an error codepath. + + * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like + "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part + needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes + around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and + unquoted strings). It also mishandled names that need RFC2047 + quoting. + + * Call to discard_cache/discard_index (used when we use different + contents of the index in-core, in many operations like commit, + apply, and merge) used to leak memory that held the array of index + entries, which has been plugged. + (merge a0fc4db rs/discard-index-discard-array later to maint). + + * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each + request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one + when used as a persistent CGI. + + * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly. + + * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that + renamed the $path being followed. + + * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we + did not say which branch and worse said "branch ''". + + * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the + end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some + cases. + + * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so + it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push + out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the + command was started. + + * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch + being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the + plain vanilla "rebase". + + * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was + broken in the update to v1.8.3. + + * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not + work due to slight differences in array variable notation between + these two shells. + + * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git + can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link + by mistake. + + * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented. + + * Stop installing the git-remote-testpy script that is only used for + testing. + + * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an + editor. + + * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22" + incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be + rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead). + + * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when + another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends. + + * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did + not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B + was the bottom of the range being specified. + + * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of + bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces. + + * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with + their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL. + + * "git clone foo/bar:baz" cannot be a request to clone from a remote + over git-over-ssh specified in the scp style. This case is now + detected and clones from a local repository at "foo/bar:baz". + + * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we + used to complain and die. Loosen the check. + + * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error + checks to lose data at the remote side. + + * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does + not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork + from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from) + did not work correctly. + + * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into + "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been + updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account. diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt index b0d31df0e7..4e55b1564e 100644 --- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt @@ -10,27 +10,14 @@ Include additional statistics at the end of blame output. -L <start>,<end>:: - Annotate only the given line range. <start> and <end> can take - one of these forms: - - - number -+ -If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an -absolute line number (lines count from 1). +-L :<regex>:: + Annotate only the given line range. <start> and <end> are optional. + ``-L <start>'' or ``-L <start>,'' spans from <start> to end of file. + ``-L ,<end>'' spans from start of file to <end>. + +<start> and <end> can take one of these forms: -- /regex/ -+ -This form will use the first line matching the given -POSIX regex. If <end> is a regex, it will search -starting at the line given by <start>. -+ - -- +offset or -offset -+ -This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number -of lines before or after the line given by <start>. -+ +include::line-range-format.txt[] -l:: Show long rev (Default: off). diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 6e53fc5074..e0b923f428 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ advice.*:: amWorkDir:: Advice that shows the location of the patch file when linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it. + rmHints:: + In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1], + show directions on how to proceed from the current state. -- core.fileMode:: @@ -876,16 +879,17 @@ The values of these variables may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>. color.interactive:: When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts - and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive"). - When false (or `never`), never. When set to `true` or `auto`, use - colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false. + and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and + "git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never. + When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is + to the terminal. Defaults to false. color.interactive.<slot>:: - Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' - output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for - four distinct types of normal output from interactive - commands. The values of these variables may be specified as - in color.branch.<slot>. + Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean + --interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` + or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from + interactive commands. The values of these variables may be + specified as in color.branch.<slot>. color.pager:: A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in @@ -919,17 +923,21 @@ color.ui:: as `color.diff` and `color.grep` that control the use of color per command family. Its scope will expand as more commands learn configuration to set a default for the `--color` option. Set it - to `always` if you want all output not intended for machine - consumption to use color, to `true` or `auto` if you want such - output to use color when written to the terminal, or to `false` or - `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use color unless enabled - explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option. + to `false` or `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use + color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration + or the `--color` option. Set it to `always` if you want all + output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to + `true` or `auto` (this is the default since Git 1.8.4) if you + want such output to use color when written to the terminal. column.ui:: Specify whether supported commands should output in columns. This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces or commas: + +These options control when the feature should be enabled +(defaults to 'never'): ++ -- `always`;; always show in columns @@ -937,24 +945,39 @@ column.ui:: never show in columns `auto`;; show in columns if the output is to the terminal +-- ++ +These options control layout (defaults to 'column'). Setting any +of these implies 'always' if none of 'always', 'never', or 'auto' are +specified. ++ +-- `column`;; - fill columns before rows (default) + fill columns before rows `row`;; fill rows before columns `plain`;; show in one column +-- ++ +Finally, these options can be combined with a layout option (defaults +to 'nodense'): ++ +-- `dense`;; make unequal size columns to utilize more space `nodense`;; make equal size columns -- -+ -This option defaults to 'never'. column.branch:: Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns. See `column.ui` for details. +column.clean:: + Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always + shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details. + column.status:: Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns. See `column.ui` for details. @@ -1826,39 +1849,59 @@ pull.twohead:: The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch. push.default:: - Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is given - on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and - no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command - line. Possible values are: + Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is + explicitly given. Different values are well-suited for + specific workflows; for instance, in a purely central workflow + (i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push destination), + `upstream` is probably what you want. Possible values are: + -- -* `nothing` - do not push anything. -* `matching` - push all branches having the same name in both ends. - This is for those who prepare all the branches into a publishable - shape and then push them out with a single command. It is not - appropriate for pushing into a repository shared by multiple users, - since locally stalled branches will attempt a non-fast forward push - if other users updated the branch. - + - This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default - to `simple`. -* `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch - (`tracking` is a deprecated synonym for this). - With this, `git push` will update the same remote ref as the one which - is merged by `git pull`, making `push` and `pull` symmetrical. - See "branch.<name>.merge" for how to configure the upstream branch. -* `simple` - like `upstream`, but refuses to push if the upstream - branch's name is different from the local one. This is the safest - option and is well-suited for beginners. It will become the default - in Git 2.0. -* `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name. --- + +* `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is + explicitly given. This is primarily meant for people who want to + avoid mistakes by always being explicit. + +* `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same + name on the receiving end. Works in both central and non-central + workflows. + +* `upstream` - push the current branch back to the branch whose + changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is + called `@{upstream}`). This mode only makes sense if you are + pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from + (i.e. central workflow). + +* `simple` - in centralized workflow, work like `upstream` with an + added safety to refuse to push if the upstream branch's name is + different from the local one. ++ +When pushing to a remote that is different from the remote you normally +pull from, work as `current`. This is the safest option and is suited +for beginners. + -The `simple`, `current` and `upstream` modes are for those who want to -push out a single branch after finishing work, even when the other -branches are not yet ready to be pushed out. If you are working with -other people to push into the same shared repository, you would want -to use one of these. +This mode will become the default in Git 2.0. + +* `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends. + This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of + branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push 'maint' + and 'master' there and no other branches, the repository you push + to will have these two branches, and your local 'maint' and + 'master' will be pushed there). ++ +To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure _all_ the +branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before +running 'git push', as the whole point of this mode is to allow you +to push all of the branches in one go. If you usually finish work +on only one branch and push out the result, while other branches are +unfinished, this mode is not for you. Also this mode is not +suitable for pushing into a shared central repository, as other +people may add new branches there, or update the tip of existing +branches outside your control. ++ +This is currently the default, but Git 2.0 will change the default +to `simple`. + +-- rebase.stat:: Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last @@ -1867,6 +1910,14 @@ rebase.stat:: rebase.autosquash:: If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default. +rebase.autostash:: + When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash + before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation + ends. This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree. + However, use with care: the final stash application after a + successful rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts. + Defaults to false. + receive.autogc:: By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after receiving data from git-push and updating refs. You can stop @@ -2022,6 +2073,10 @@ sendemail.smtpencryption:: sendemail.smtpssl:: Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpencryption = ssl'. +sendemail.smtpsslcertpath:: + Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file). + Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification. + sendemail.<identity>.*:: Identity-specific versions of the 'sendemail.*' parameters found below, taking precedence over those when the this @@ -2066,6 +2121,14 @@ status.relativePaths:: relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git prior to v1.5.4). +status.short:: + Set to true to enable --short by default in linkgit:git-status[1]. + The option --no-short takes precedence over this variable. + +status.branch:: + Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1]. + The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable. + status.showUntrackedFiles:: By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 104579dc75..bbed2cd79c 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[] {git-diff? This is the default.} endif::git-format-patch[] +-s:: +--no-patch:: + Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like `git show` that + show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of `--patch`. + -U<n>:: --unified=<n>:: Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of @@ -333,7 +338,7 @@ endif::git-log[] a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., `-M5` becomes 0.5, and is thus the same as `-M50%`. Similarly, `-M05` is the same as `-M5%`. To limit detection to exact renames, use - `-M100%`. + `-M100%`. The default similarity index is 50%. -C[<n>]:: --find-copies[=<n>]:: @@ -383,14 +388,36 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[] that matches other criteria, nothing is selected. -S<string>:: - Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of - <string>. Note that this is different than the string simply - appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in - linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details. + Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of + the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file. + Intended for the scripter's use. ++ +It is useful when you're looking for an exact block of code (like a +struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first +came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting +block in the preimage back into `-S`, and keep going until you get the +very first version of the block. -G<regex>:: - Look for differences whose added or removed line matches - the given <regex>. + Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed + lines that match <regex>. ++ +To illustrate the difference between `-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex` and +`-G<regex>`, consider a commit with the following diff in the same +file: ++ +---- ++ return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, ®match, 0); +... +- hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, ®match, 0); +---- ++ +While `git log -G"regexec\(regexp"` will show this commit, `git log +-S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of +occurrences of that string did not change). ++ +See the 'pickaxe' entry in linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more +information. --pickaxe-all:: When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that @@ -398,8 +425,8 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[] in <string>. --pickaxe-regex:: - Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX - regex to match. + Treat the <string> given to `-S` as an extended POSIX regular + expression to match. endif::git-format-patch[] -O<orderfile>:: @@ -439,6 +466,9 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] differences even if one line has whitespace where the other line has none. +--ignore-blank-lines:: + Ignore changes whose lines are all blank. + --inter-hunk-context=<lines>:: Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other. @@ -480,7 +510,7 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] --ignore-submodules[=<when>]:: Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be - either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default + either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default. Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index 9cb649673d..ba1fe49582 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ endif::git-pull[] ifndef::git-pull[] -t:: --tags:: - This is a short-hand for giving "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*" + This is a short-hand for giving `refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*` refspec from the command line, to ask all tags to be fetched and stored locally. Because this acts as an explicit refspec, the default refspecs (configured with the diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt index 5bbe7b6d10..54d8461d61 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-am.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ default. You can use `--no-utf8` to override this. --resolvemsg=<msg>:: When a patch failure occurs, <msg> will be printed to the screen before exiting. This overrides the - standard message informing you to use `--resolved` + standard message informing you to use `--continue` or `--skip` to handle the failure. This is solely for internal use between 'git rebase' and 'git am'. @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ aborts in the middle. You can recover from this in one of two ways: . hand resolve the conflict in the working directory, and update the index file to bring it into a state that the patch should - have produced. Then run the command with the '--resolved' option. + have produced. Then run the command with the '--continue' option. The command refuses to process new mailboxes until the current operation is finished, so if you decide to start over from scratch, diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt index 0eed3e3f29..afeb86c6cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt @@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ So git bisect is unconditional goodness - and feel free to quote that ;-) _____________ -Acknowledgements +Acknowledgments ---------------- Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt index 9a05c2b3d2..6cea7f1ce1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ git-blame - Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m] - [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] [--abbrev=<n>] - [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file> +'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] + [-L n,m | -L :fn] [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] + [--abbrev=<n>] [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file> DESCRIPTION ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt index 30d585af5d..3ddec0b65b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt @@ -58,12 +58,16 @@ OPTIONS to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>. --batch:: - Print the SHA-1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on - stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments. +--batch=<format>:: + Print object information and contents for each object provided + on stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments. + See the section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details. --batch-check:: - Print the SHA-1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not - be combined with any other options or arguments. +--batch-check=<format>:: + Print object information for each object provided on stdin. May + not be combined with any other options or arguments. See the + section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details. OUTPUT ------ @@ -78,28 +82,81 @@ If '-p' is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed. If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object> will be returned. -If '--batch' is specified, output of the following form is printed for each -object specified on stdin: +BATCH OUTPUT +------------ + +If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects +from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. + +Each line is split at the first whitespace boundary. All characters +before that whitespace are considered as a whole object name, and are +parsed as if given to linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]. Characters after that +whitespace can be accessed using the `%(rest)` atom (see below). + +You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom +`<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each +object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a +newline. The available atoms are: + +`objectname`:: + The 40-hex object name of the object. + +`objecttype`:: + The type of of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports). + +`objectsize`:: + The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s` + reports). + +`objectsize:disk`:: + The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the + note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below. + +`rest`:: + The text (if any) found after the first run of whitespace on the + input line (i.e., the "rest" of the line). + +If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname) +%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`. + +If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the +object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a +newline. + +For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce: ------------ <sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF <contents> LF ------------ -If '--batch-check' is specified, output of the following form is printed for -each object specified on stdin: +Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce: ------------ -<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF +<sha1> SP <type> LF ------------ -For both '--batch' and '--batch-check', output of the following form is printed -for each object specified on stdin that does not exist in the repository: +If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in +the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print: ------------ <object> SP missing LF ------------ + +CAVEATS +------- + +Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care +should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are +responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be +much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the +choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary +and is subject to change during a repack. Note also that multiple copies +of an object may be present in the object database; in this case, it is +undefined which copy's size will be reported. + + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt index 5abdbaa51c..a7be80d48b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt @@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ being queried and <info> can be either: 'set';; when the attribute is defined as true. <value>;; when a value has been assigned to the attribute. +Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in +linkgit:git[1]. The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks +caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output +buffer. + EXAMPLES -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt index 854e4d0c42..d2df487aa2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt @@ -39,6 +39,12 @@ OPTIONS below). If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character. +-n, --non-matching:: + Show given paths which don't match any pattern. This only + makes sense when `--verbose` is enabled, otherwise it would + not be possible to distinguish between paths which match a + pattern and those which don't. + OUTPUT ------ @@ -65,6 +71,20 @@ are also used instead of colons and hard tabs: <source> <NULL> <linenum> <NULL> <pattern> <NULL> <pathname> <NULL> +If `-n` or `--non-matching` are specified, non-matching pathnames will +also be output, in which case all fields in each output record except +for <pathname> will be empty. This can be useful when running +non-interactively, so that files can be incrementally streamed to +STDIN of a long-running check-ignore process, and for each of these +files, STDOUT will indicate whether that file matched a pattern or +not. (Without this option, it would be impossible to tell whether the +absence of output for a given file meant that it didn't match any +pattern, or that the output hadn't been generated yet.) + +Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in +linkgit:git[1]. The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks +caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output +buffer. EXIT STATUS ----------- @@ -82,7 +102,7 @@ SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:gitignore[5] linkgit:gitconfig[5] -linkgit:git-ls-files[5] +linkgit:git-ls-files[1] GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..39028ee1a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +git-check-mailmap(1) +==================== + +NAME +---- +git-check-mailmap - Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts + + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git check-mailmap' [options] <contact>... + + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +For each ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' or ``$$<user@host>$$'' from the command-line +or standard input (when using `--stdin`), look up the person's canonical name +and email address (see "Mapping Authors" below). If found, print them; +otherwise print the input as-is. + + +OPTIONS +------- +--stdin:: + Read contacts, one per line, from the standard input after exhausting + contacts provided on the command-line. + + +OUTPUT +------ + +For each contact, a single line is output, terminated by a newline. If the +name is provided or known to the 'mailmap', ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is +printed; otherwise only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed. + + +MAPPING AUTHORS +--------------- + +include::mailmap.txt[] + + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt index a49be1bab4..fc02959ba4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt @@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ Git imposes the following rules on how references are named: . They cannot contain a sequence `@{`. +. They cannot be the single character `@`. + . They cannot contain a `\`. These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index 23a9413525..ca118ac6bf 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored. "--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. + If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be -derived from the remote-tracking branch. If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/" -is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the -next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed. +derived from the remote-tracking branch, by looking at the local part of +the refspec configured for the corresponding remote, and then stripping +the initial part up to the "*". This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even "refs/remotes/origin/hack"). If the given name has no slash, or the above diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt index bdc3ab80c7..75fb543393 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>... +'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>... DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -34,7 +34,13 @@ OPTIONS -f:: --force:: If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set - to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n. + to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f, -n or + -i. + +-i:: +--interactive:: + Show what would be done and clean files interactively. See + ``Interactive mode'' for details. -n:: --dry-run:: @@ -63,6 +69,67 @@ OPTIONS Remove only files ignored by Git. This may be useful to rebuild everything from scratch, but keep manually created files. +Interactive mode +---------------- +When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the +files and directories to be cleaned, and goes into its +interactive command loop. + +The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and +gives a prompt "What now> ". In general, when the prompt ends +with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given +and type return, like this: + +------------ + *** Commands *** + 1: clean 2: filter by pattern 3: select by numbers + 4: ask each 5: quit 6: help + What now> 1 +------------ + +You also could say `c` or `clean` above as long as the choice is unique. + +The main command loop has 6 subcommands. + +clean:: + + Start cleaning files and directories, and then quit. + +filter by pattern:: + + This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an + "Input ignore patterns>>" prompt. You can input space-seperated + patterns to exclude files and directories from deletion. + E.g. "*.c *.h" will excludes files end with ".c" and ".h" from + deletion. When you are satisfied with the filtered result, press + ENTER (empty) back to the main menu. + +select by numbers:: + + This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an + "Select items to delete>>" prompt. When the prompt ends with double + '>>' like this, you can make more than one selection, concatenated + with whitespace or comma. Also you can say ranges. E.g. "2-5 7,9" + to choose 2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list. If the second number in a + range is omitted, all remaining patches are taken. E.g. "7-" to + choose 7,8,9 from the list. You can say '*' to choose everything. + Also when you are satisfied with the filtered result, press ENTER + (empty) back to the main menu. + +ask each:: + + This will start to clean, and you must confirm one by one in order + to delete items. Please note that this action is not as efficient + as the above two actions. + +quit:: + + This lets you quit without do cleaning. + +help:: + + Show brief usage of interactive git-clean. + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:gitignore[5] diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index a0727d7759..450f158779 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ Examples * Clone from upstream: + ------------ -$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6 -$ cd my2.6 +$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux +$ cd my-linux $ make ------------ @@ -257,10 +257,10 @@ $ git show-branch * Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory: + ------------ -$ git clone --reference my2.6 \ - git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \ - my2.7 -$ cd my2.7 +$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \ + git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \ + my-linux +$ cd my-linux ------------ @@ -271,13 +271,6 @@ $ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git ------------ -* Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus: -+ ------------- -$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \ - /pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git ------------- - GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index d88a6fcb29..34b0894646 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ OPTIONS --get:: Get the value for a given key (optionally filtered by a regex matching the value). Returns error code 1 if the key was not - found and error code 2 if multiple key values were found. + found and the last value if multiple key values were found. --get-all:: Like get, but does not fail if the number of values for the key @@ -114,10 +114,26 @@ rather than from all available files. + See also <<FILES>>. +--local:: + For writing options: write to the repository .git/config file. + This is the default behavior. ++ +For reading options: read only from the repository .git/config rather than +from all available files. ++ +See also <<FILES>>. + -f config-file:: --file config-file:: Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG. +--blob blob:: + Similar to '--file' but use the given blob instead of a file. E.g. + you can use 'master:.gitmodules' to read values from the file + '.gitmodules' in the master branch. See "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" + section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for a more complete list of + ways to spell blob names. + --remove-section:: Remove the given section from the configuration file. @@ -197,12 +213,8 @@ FILES If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where 'git config' will search for configuration options: -$GIT_DIR/config:: - Repository specific configuration file. - -~/.gitconfig:: - User-specific configuration file. Also called "global" - configuration file. +$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig:: + System-wide configuration file. $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config:: Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set @@ -212,8 +224,12 @@ $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config:: you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this file was added fairly recently. -$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig:: - System-wide configuration file. +~/.gitconfig:: + User-specific configuration file. Also called "global" + configuration file. + +$GIT_DIR/config:: + Repository specific configuration file. If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration @@ -221,6 +237,10 @@ file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration file is not available or readable, 'git config' will exit with a non-zero error code. However, in neither case will an error message be issued. +The files are read in the order given above, with last value found taking +precedence over values read earlier. When multiple values are taken then all +values of a key from all files will be used. + All writing options will per default write to the repository specific configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all' and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*. diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt index 28e5ec0e2c..9439cd6d56 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt @@ -88,6 +88,11 @@ OPTIONS --always:: Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback. +--first-parent:: + Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit. + This is useful when you wish to not match tags on branches merged + in the history of the target commit. + EXAMPLES -------- @@ -149,7 +154,9 @@ is found, its name will be output and searching will stop. If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which has been tagged. The ancestor's tag will be output along with an -abbreviation of the input committish's SHA-1. +abbreviation of the input committish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was +specified then the walk will only consider the first parent of each +commit. If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt index c0b7c581ad..a86cf62e68 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-diff-index(1) NAME ---- -git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository +git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index SYNOPSIS @@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree -object with the content of the current index and, optionally -ignoring the stat state of the file on disk. When paths are -specified, compares only those named paths. Otherwise all -entries in the index are compared. +Compares the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object +with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the +corresponding paths in the index. When <path> arguments are present, +compares only paths matching those patterns. Otherwise all tracked +files are compared. OPTIONS ------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt index a7b46208f6..78d6d50489 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes -between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, or changes -between two files on disk. +between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between +two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. 'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]:: @@ -56,11 +56,6 @@ directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index. This is to view the changes between two arbitrary <commit>. -'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>:: - - This form is to view the differences between the raw - contents of two blob objects. - 'git diff' [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]:: This is synonymous to the previous form. If <commit> on @@ -87,6 +82,11 @@ and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and "<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the "SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. +'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>:: + + This form is to view the differences between the raw + contents of two blob objects. + OPTIONS ------- :git-diff: 1 diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt index efb03806f5..85f1f30fdf 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Limitations ----------- Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be -able to export the linux-2.6.git repository completely, as it contains +able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit. GIT diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt index 39118774af..e394276b1a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt @@ -187,6 +187,21 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`. The negated form `--no-cc` discards all `Cc:` headers added so far (from config or command line). +--from:: +--from=<ident>:: + Use `ident` in the `From:` header of each commit email. If the + author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the + provided `ident`, place a `From:` header in the body of the + message with the original author. If no `ident` is given, use + the committer ident. ++ +Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the +emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the +original author (and `git am` will correctly pick up the in-body +header). Note also that `git send-email` already handles this +transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are +feeding the result to `git send-email`. + --add-header=<header>:: Add an arbitrary header to the email headers. This is in addition to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times. diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt index b370b025b8..2402ed6828 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt @@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ automatic consolidation of packs. --prune=<date>:: Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago, - overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`). This - option is on by default. + overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`). + --prune=all prunes loose objects regardless of their age. + --prune is on by default. --no-prune:: Do not prune any loose objects. diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt index bde8eec30d..7a4e055520 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt @@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ OPTIONS --strict:: Die, if the pack contains broken objects or links. +--check-self-contained-and-connected:: + Die if the pack contains broken links. For internal use only. + --threads=<n>:: Specifies the number of threads to spawn when resolving deltas. This requires that index-pack be compiled with diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt index a976534ab8..ac2694d04c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-log.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt @@ -62,6 +62,19 @@ produced by --stat etc. Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown its size is not included. +-L <start>,<end>:<file>, -L :<regex>:<file>:: + + Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>" + (or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>. You may + not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to + a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only + give zero or one positive revision arguments. + You can specify this option more than once. ++ +<start> and <end> can take one of these forms: + +include::line-range-format.txt[] + <revision range>:: Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the @@ -84,7 +97,7 @@ include::rev-list-options.txt[] include::pretty-formats.txt[] -Common diff options +COMMON DIFF OPTIONS ------------------- :git-log: 1 @@ -92,7 +105,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[] include::diff-generate-patch.txt[] -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- `git log --no-merges`:: @@ -115,9 +128,9 @@ Examples in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths each commit modifies. -`git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c`:: +`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`:: - Shows the commits that changed builtin-rev-list.c, including + Shows the commits that changed builtin/rev-list.c, including those commits that occurred before the file was given its present name. @@ -140,15 +153,20 @@ Examples This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all topic branches when staying on a single integration branch. +`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`:: + + Shows how the function `main()` in the file 'main.c' evolved + over time. + `git log -3`:: Limits the number of commits to show to 3. -Discussion +DISCUSSION ---------- include::i18n.txt[] -Configuration +CONFIGURATION ------------- See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1] diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt index 774de5e9d9..2e22915eb8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt @@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ OPTIONS exit without talking to the remote. <repository>:: - Location of the repository. The shorthand defined in - $GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in - the local repository. + The "remote" repository to query. This parameter can be + either a URL or the name of a remote (see the GIT URLS and + REMOTES sections of linkgit:git-fetch[1]). <refs>...:: When unspecified, all references, after filtering done @@ -70,9 +70,8 @@ EXAMPLES $ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc 5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740 refs/heads/master c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061 refs/heads/pu - b1d096f2926c4e37c9c0b6a7bf2119bedaa277cb refs/heads/rc - $ echo http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git >.git/branches/public - $ git ls-remote --tags public v\* + $ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git + $ git ls-remote --tags korg v\* d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a refs/tags/v0.99 f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41 refs/tags/v0.99.1 c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441 refs/tags/v0.99.2 diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index 67ca99cd92..8c7f2f66d8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ especially if those changes were further modified after the merge was started), 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to reconstruct the original (pre-merge) changes. Therefore: -*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is -discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to +*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with non-trivial uncommitted changes is +discouraged: while possible, it may leave you in a state that is hard to back out of in the case of a conflict. diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt index ad1d1468c9..15b00e0991 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt @@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ OPTIONS Do not use branch names, but only tags to name the commits --refs=<pattern>:: - Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern. + Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern. The pattern + can be one of branch name, tag name or fully qualified ref name. --all:: List all commits reachable from all refs --stdin:: - Read from stdin, append "(<rev_name>)" to all sha1's of nameable - commits, and pass to stdout + Transform stdin by substituting all the 40-character SHA-1 + hexes (say $hex) with "$hex ($rev_name)". When used with + --name-only, substitute with "$rev_name", omitting $hex + altogether. Intended for the scripter's use. --name-only:: Instead of printing both the SHA-1 and the name, print only diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt index c579fbc2b8..8cba16d67f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt @@ -176,13 +176,16 @@ Sync options These options can be used in the initial 'clone' as well as in subsequent 'sync' operations. ---branch <branch>:: - Import changes into given branch. If the branch starts with - 'refs/', it will be used as is. Otherwise if it does not start - with 'p4/', that prefix is added. The branch is assumed to - name a remote tracking, but this can be modified using - '--import-local', or by giving a full ref name. The default - branch is 'master'. +--branch <ref>:: + Import changes into <ref> instead of refs/remotes/p4/master. + If <ref> starts with refs/, it is used as is. Otherwise, if + it does not start with p4/, that prefix is added. ++ +By default a <ref> not starting with refs/ is treated as the +name of a remote-tracking branch (under refs/remotes/). This +behavior can be modified using the --import-local option. ++ +The default <ref> is "master". + This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing Git repository: diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt index f131677478..154081f2de 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt @@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy. A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many -refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and -occasionally run `git pack-refs --prune`. Tags are by +refs is to pack its refs with `--all` once, and +occasionally run `git pack-refs`. Tags are by definition stationary and are not expected to change. Branch heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked, diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt index 80d01b0571..bf824108c1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ borrows from your repository via its `.git/objects/info/alternates`: ------------ -$ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all)) +$ git prune $(cd ../another && git rev-parse --all) ------------ Notes diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index 24ab07a3f8..6ef8d599d3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-pull(1) NAME ---- -git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch +git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch SYNOPSIS diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index d51481394c..f7dfe48d28 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream] - [<repository> [<refspec>...]] + [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -136,6 +136,15 @@ already exists on the remote side. not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it. This flag disables the check. This can cause the remote repository to lose commits; use it with care. + Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, + hence using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with + multiple push destinations configured with `remote.*.push` + may overwrite refs other than the current branch (including + local refs that are strictly behind their remote counterpart). + To force a push to only one branch, use a `+` in front of the + refspec to push (e.g `git push origin +master` to force a push + to the `master` branch). See the `<refspec>...` section above + for details. --repo=<repository>:: This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is @@ -195,6 +204,11 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'. be pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary revisions it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status. +--[no-]verify:: + Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]). The + default is \--verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the + push. With \--no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely. + include::urls-remotes.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index aca840525e..6b2e1c86ab 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -208,6 +208,9 @@ rebase.stat:: rebase.autosquash:: If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default. +rebase.autostash:: + If set to true enable '--autostash' option by default. + OPTIONS ------- --onto <newbase>:: @@ -386,7 +389,9 @@ squash/fixup series. the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved - commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`). + commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`). Ignores subsequent + "fixup! " or "squash! " after the first, in case you referred to an + earlier fixup/squash with `git commit --fixup/--squash`. + This option is only valid when the '--interactive' option is used. + @@ -394,6 +399,13 @@ If the '--autosquash' option is enabled by default using the configuration variable `rebase.autosquash`, this option can be used to override and disable this setting. +--[no-]autostash:: + Automatically create a temporary stash before the operation + begins, and apply it after the operation ends. This means + that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree. However, use + with care: the final stash application after a successful + rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts. + --no-ff:: With --interactive, cherry-pick all rebased commits instead of fast-forwarding over the unchanged ones. This ensures that the diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt index fb8697ea4c..70791b9fd8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt @@ -67,14 +67,19 @@ them. --expire=<time>:: Entries older than this time are pruned. Without the option it is taken from configuration `gc.reflogExpire`, - which in turn defaults to 90 days. + which in turn defaults to 90 days. --expire=all prunes + entries regardless of their age; --expire=never turns off + pruning of reachable entries (but see --expire-unreachable). --expire-unreachable=<time>:: Entries older than this time and not reachable from the current tip of the branch are pruned. Without the option it is taken from configuration `gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults to - 30 days. + 30 days. --expire-unreachable=all prunes unreachable + entries regardless of their age; --expire-unreachable=never + turns off early pruning of unreachable entries (but see + --expire). --all:: Instead of listing <refs> explicitly, prune all refs. diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index 581bb4c413..9c3e3bf83a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -187,18 +187,25 @@ Examples $ git remote origin $ git branch -r -origin/master -$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/linux/nfs-2.6.git + origin/HEAD -> origin/master + origin/master +$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git $ git remote -linux-nfs origin -$ git fetch -* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ... - commit: bf81b46 +staging +$ git fetch staging +... +From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging + * [new branch] master -> staging/master + * [new branch] staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus + * [new branch] staging-next -> staging/staging-next $ git branch -r -origin/master -linux-nfs/master -$ git checkout -b nfs linux-nfs/master + origin/HEAD -> origin/master + origin/master + staging/master + staging/staging-linus + staging/staging-next +$ git checkout -b staging staging/master ... ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt index a404b47b7b..f445cb38fa 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>... -'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-sh>] [--] [<paths>...] +'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...] 'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>] DESCRIPTION diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 947d62fd25..2b126c0a77 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -59,6 +59,22 @@ OPTIONS If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>` instead. +--prefix <arg>:: + Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>` + subdirectory of the working tree. Any relative filenames are + resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed + in that form. ++ +This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory +so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the +repository. For example: ++ +---- +prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix) +cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)" +eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")" +---- + --verify:: Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to @@ -67,7 +83,7 @@ OPTIONS + If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object -you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parmeter. +you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parameter. For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR` names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an annotated tag that points at a commit). To make sure that `$VAR` diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index 40a9a9abc1..f0e57a597b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -198,6 +198,12 @@ must be used for each option. --smtp-ssl:: Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'. +--smtp-ssl-cert-path:: + Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file). + Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification. + Defaults to the value set to the 'sendemail.smtpsslcertpath' + configuration variable, if set, or `/etc/ssl/certs` otherwise. + --smtp-user=<user>:: Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser'; if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'), diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt index de4d352da2..b0a309b117 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ commit IDs. Results can be filtered using a pattern and tags can be dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a particular ref exists. +By default, shows the tags, heads, and remote refs. + The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse, it shows the refs from stdin that don't exist in the local repository. @@ -32,14 +34,14 @@ OPTIONS --head:: - Show the HEAD reference. + Show the HEAD reference, even if it would normally be filtered out. --tags:: --heads:: - Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively. These - options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored - in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed. + Limit to "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively. These options + are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored in + "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed. -d:: --dereference:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt index ae4edcccfb..4e617e6979 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt @@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ include::pretty-options.txt[] include::pretty-formats.txt[] +COMMON DIFF OPTIONS +------------------- + +:git-log: 1 +include::diff-options.txt[] + +include::diff-generate-patch.txt[] + + EXAMPLES -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt index 711ffe17a7..7c8b648fbe 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -13,10 +13,12 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>] -'git stash' [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] - [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]] +'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] + [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-f|--force] + [<message>]] 'git stash' clear -'git stash' create +'git stash' create [<message>] +'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit> DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ is also possible). OPTIONS ------- -save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]:: +save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-f|--force] [<message>]:: Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset --hard` to revert them. The <message> part is optional and gives @@ -70,6 +72,13 @@ linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. + The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use `--no-keep-index` to override this. ++ +In some cases, saving a stash could mean irretrievably removing some +data - if a directory with untracked files replaces a tracked file of +the same name, the new untracked files are not saved (except in case +of `--include-untracked`) but the original tracked file shall be restored. +By default, `stash save` will abort in such a case; `--force` will allow +it to remove the untracked files. list [<options>]:: @@ -151,7 +160,15 @@ create:: Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace. + This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is probably not + the command you want to use; see "save" above. + +store:: + Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a + dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash + reflog. This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is + probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above. DISCUSSION ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt index e5767134b1..bfef8a0c62 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt @@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] - [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>] + [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>] 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>... 'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] - [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] + [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...] 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...] @@ -159,7 +159,9 @@ update:: This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or `--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `rebase`, `merge` or `none`. `none` can be overridden by specifying - `--checkout`. + `--checkout`. Setting the key `submodule.$name.update` to `!command` + will cause `command` to be run. `command` can be any arbitrary shell + command that takes a single argument, namely the sha1 to update to. + If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the @@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ OPTIONS --remote:: This option is only valid for the update command. Instead of using the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the - status of the submodule's remote tracking branch. The remote used + status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch. The remote used is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`. The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in @@ -328,6 +330,12 @@ for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully. only in the submodules of the current repo, but also in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on). +--depth:: + This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow' + clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions. + See linkgit:git-clone[1] + + <path>...:: Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths. diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt index ba79cb4f35..5aec4ecffb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ The following browsers (or commands) are currently supported: * dillo * open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI) * start (this is the default under MinGW) +* cygstart (this is the default under Cygwin) Custom commands may also be specified. diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 9e302b0a60..3bdd56e8f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -43,12 +43,21 @@ unreleased) version of Git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: +* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3]. + * link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3] * release notes for - link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3]. - link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2]. - link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1]. + link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1], link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2]. * link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6] @@ -677,9 +686,7 @@ Git so take care if using Cogito etc. The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value. 'GIT_WORK_TREE':: - Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be - used in combination with repositories found automatically in - a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set). + Set the path to the root of the working tree. This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line option and the core.worktree configuration variable. @@ -811,8 +818,9 @@ for further details. 'GIT_FLUSH':: If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log', - and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream - after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this + 'git check-attr', 'git check-ignore', and 'git whatchanged' will + force a flush of the output stream after each record have been + flushed. If this variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing @@ -832,6 +840,19 @@ for further details. as a file path and will try to write the trace messages into it. +'GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS':: + If this variable is set to a path, a file will be created at + the given path logging all accesses to any packs. For each + access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is + recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some + pack-related performance problems. + +'GIT_TRACE_PACKET':: + If this variable is set, it shows a trace of all packets + coming in or out of a given program. This can help with + debugging object negotiation or other protocol issues. Tracing + is turned off at a packet starting with "PACK". + GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS:: Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example, diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt index 568d75783a..c8b3e51c84 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt @@ -222,26 +222,35 @@ version prefixed with '+'. diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String --------------------------------------------------------------------- -This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent -changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the --S option and the `--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-*' -commands. - -When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are -filepairs whose "result" side and whose "origin" side have -different number of specified string. Such a filepair represents -"the string appeared in this changeset". It also checks for the -opposite case that loses the specified string. - -When `--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves -only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its -output. When `--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all -filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the -output empty otherwise. The latter behaviour is designed to -make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole +This transformation limits the set of filepairs to those that change +specified strings between the preimage and the postimage in a certain +way. -S<block of text> and -G<regular expression> options are used to +specify different ways these strings are sought. + +"-S<block of text>" detects filepairs whose preimage and postimage +have different number of occurrences of the specified block of text. +By definition, it will not detect in-file moves. Also, when a +changeset moves a file wholesale without affecting the interesting +string, diffcore-rename kicks in as usual, and `-S` omits the filepair +(since the number of occurrences of that string didn't change in that +rename-detected filepair). When used with `--pickaxe-regex`, treat +the <block of text> as an extended POSIX regular expression to match, +instead of a literal string. + +"-G<regular expression>" (mnemonic: grep) detects filepairs whose +textual diff has an added or a deleted line that matches the given +regular expression. This means that it will detect in-file (or what +rename-detection considers the same file) moves, which is noise. The +implementation runs diff twice and greps, and this can be quite +expensive. + +When `-S` or `-G` are used without `--pickaxe-all`, only filepairs +that match their respective criterion are kept in the output. When +`--pickaxe-all` is used, if even one filepair matches their respective +criterion in a changeset, the entire changeset is kept. This behavior +is designed to make reviewing changes in the context of the whole changeset easier. - diffcore-order: For Sorting the Output Based on Filenames --------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt index da746419b3..0827f69139 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt @@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ Miscellaneous capabilities carried out. 'refspec' <refspec>:: - This modifies the 'import' capability, allowing the produced - fast-import stream to modify refs in a private namespace - instead of writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly. + For remote helpers that implement 'import' or 'export', this capability + allows the refs to be constrained to a private namespace, instead of + writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly. It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import' - capability use this. + capability use this. It's mandatory for 'export'. + A helper advertising the capability `refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*` @@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ ref. This capability can be advertised multiple times. The first applicable refspec takes precedence. The left-hand of refspecs advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by -the list command. If a helper does not need a specific 'refspec' -capability then it should advertise `refspec *:*`. +the list command. If no 'refspec' capability is advertised, +there is an implied `refspec *:*`. 'bidi-import':: This modifies the 'import' capability. diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt index d6f3393c5f..aa03882ddb 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt @@ -211,6 +211,9 @@ shallow:: and maintained by shallow clone mechanism. See `--depth` option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1]. +modules:: + Contains the git-repositories of the submodules. + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-init[1], diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt index ea0526ecc4..305db633cc 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt @@ -336,8 +336,26 @@ $home_link_str:: used as the first component of gitweb's "breadcrumb trail": `<home link> / <project> / <action>`. Can be set at build time using the `GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR` variable. By default it is set to "projects", - as this link leads to the list of projects. Other popular choice it to - set it to the name of site. + as this link leads to the list of projects. Another popular choice is to + set it to the name of site. Note that it is treated as raw HTML so it + should not be set from untrusted sources. + +@extra_breadcrumbs:: + Additional links to be added to the start of the breadcrumb trail before + the home link, to pages that are logically "above" the gitweb projects + list, such as the organization and department which host the gitweb + server. Each element of the list is a reference to an array, in which + element 0 is the link text (equivalent to `$home_link_str`) and element + 1 is the target URL (equivalent to `$home_link`). ++ +For example, the following setting produces a breadcrumb trail like +"home / dev / projects / ..." where "projects" is the home link. +---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + our @extra_breadcrumbs = ( + [ 'home' => 'https://www.example.org/' ], + [ 'dev' => 'https://dev.example.org/' ], + ); +---------------------------------------------------------------------------- $logo_url:: $logo_label:: diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt index 40969f1098..cca14b8cc3 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt @@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ repositories, you can configure Apache like this: The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`, -both as cloneable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then +both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface. If you then start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all` then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path. diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index 68a18e1497..dba5062b37 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip of the updated history without affecting any branch. Commands that update or inquire information _about_ the current branch (e.g. `git -branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote tracking branch the +branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote-tracking branch the current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no (real) current branch to ask about in this state. @@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have at least one upstream project which they track. By default 'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates - will be fetched into remote <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named + will be fetched into <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using `git branch -r`. @@ -400,12 +400,13 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec. <<def_ref,ref>> and local ref. [[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch:: - A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from - another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking - branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits - made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be - identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull: - <<def_refspec,refspec>>. + A <<def_ref,ref>> that is used to follow changes from another + <<def_repository,repository>>. It typically looks like + 'refs/remotes/foo/bar' (indicating that it tracks a branch named + 'bar' in a remote named 'foo'), and matches the right-hand-side of + a configured fetch <<def_refspec,refspec>>. A remote-tracking + branch should not contain direct modifications or have local + commits made to it. [[def_repository]]repository:: A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt index 84dd839db4..0d5419e1a9 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ How to revert an existing commit ================================ One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to -break building Git with GCC 2.95. While they were well intentioned +break building Git with GCC 2.95. While they were well-intentioned portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also important. Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master' branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and diff --git a/Documentation/line-range-format.txt b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3e7ce72daa --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +- number ++ +If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an +absolute line number (lines count from 1). ++ + +- /regex/ ++ +This form will use the first line matching the given +POSIX regex. If <end> is a regex, it will search +starting at the line given by <start>. ++ + +- +offset or -offset ++ +This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number +of lines before or after the line given by <start>. ++ + +- :regex ++ +If the option's argument is of the form :regex, it denotes the range +from the first funcname line that matches <regex>, up to the next +funcname line. ++ diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt index 2adccf8fec..afba8d4f3b 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt @@ -8,12 +8,13 @@ failed and do not autocommit, to give the user a chance to inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing. --edit:: +-e:: --no-edit:: Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user can explain and justify the merge. The `--no-edit` option can be used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally - discouraged). The `--edit` option is still useful if you are + discouraged). The `--edit` (or `-e`) option is still useful if you are giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line and want to edit it in the editor. + diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt index 94a9d32f1d..18cffc25b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt +++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt @@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ Some short-cut notations are also supported. + * `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`; it requests fetching everything up to the given tag. -* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to - <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current - branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally +ifndef::git-pull[] +* A parameter <ref> without a colon fetches that ref into FETCH_HEAD, +endif::git-pull[] +ifdef::git-pull[] +* A parameter <ref> without a colon merges <ref> into the current + branch, +endif::git-pull[] + and updates the remote-tracking branches (if any). diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index 3bdbf5e856..27f8de3d86 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. --boundary:: - Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually - not shown. + Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are + prefixed with `-`. -- @@ -342,13 +342,13 @@ In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - .-A---M---N---O---P - / / / / / - I B C D E - \ / / / / - `-------------' + .-A---M---N---O---P---Q + / / / / / / + I B C D E Y + \ / / / / / + `-------------' X ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -The horizontal line of history A---P is taken to be the first parent of +The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of each merge. The commits are: * `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents @@ -367,8 +367,11 @@ each merge. The commits are: `N` and `D` to "foobarbaz"; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. * `E` changes `quux` to "xyzzy", and its merge `P` combines the - strings to "quux xyzzy". Despite appearing interesting, `P` is - TREESAME to all parents. + strings to "quux xyzzy". `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. + +* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` + modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and + `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`. 'rev-list' walks backwards through history, including or excluding commits based on whether '\--full-history' and/or parent rewriting @@ -410,10 +413,10 @@ parent lines. the example, we get + ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - I A B N D O + I A B N D O P Q ----------------------------------------------------------------------- + -`P` and `M` were excluded because they are TREESAME to a parent. `E`, +`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. `E`, `C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others do not appear. + @@ -431,7 +434,7 @@ Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included themselves. This results in + ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - .-A---M---N---O---P + .-A---M---N---O---P---Q / / / / / I B / D / \ / / / / @@ -441,7 +444,7 @@ themselves. This results in Compare to '\--full-history' without rewriting above. Note that `E` was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`. The same happened for `C` and -`N`. Note also that `P` was included despite being TREESAME. +`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`. In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME affects inclusion: @@ -471,8 +474,9 @@ history according to the following rules: * Set `C'` to `C`. + * Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`. In - the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents, and - remove duplicates. + the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are + root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care + to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to. + * If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains. @@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to `---------' ----------------------------------------------------------------------- + -Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '--full-history': +Note the major differences in `N`, `P` and `Q` over '--full-history': + -- * `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the @@ -498,6 +502,10 @@ Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '--full-history': + * `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed. `P` was then removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME. ++ +* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it + was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one + parent and is TREESAME. -- Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available: @@ -617,6 +625,10 @@ By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order. Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order. +--author-date-order:: + Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but + otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order. + --topo-order:: Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history @@ -837,7 +849,4 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. -t:: Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'. - --s:: - Suppress diff output. endif::git-rev-list[] diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index d477b3f6bc..09896a37b1 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file. While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is preferred as some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8. +'@':: + '@' alone is a shortcut for 'HEAD'. + '<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}':: A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification enclosed in a brace diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt index 4a4228b896..f3c1357b7c 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ where options is the bitwise-or of: on bare repositories. This only makes sense when `RUN_SETUP` is also set. -. Add `builtin-foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`. +. Add `builtin/foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`. Additionally, if `foo` is a new command, there are 3 more things to do: diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt index 32ddc1cf13..0be2b5159f 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt @@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ The parse-options API allows: * Boolean long options can be 'negated' (or 'unset') by prepending `no-`, e.g. `--no-abbrev` instead of `--abbrev`. Conversely, options that begin with `no-` can be 'negated' by removing it. + Other long options can be unset (e.g., set string to NULL, set + integer to 0) by prepending `no-`. * Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `--` option, e.g. `-a -b --option -- --this-is-a-file` indicates that @@ -174,6 +176,10 @@ There are some macros to easily define options: Introduce an option with date argument, see `approxidate()`. The timestamp is put into `int_var`. +`OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(short, long, &int_var, description)`:: + Introduce an option with expiry date argument, see `parse_expiry_date()`. + The timestamp is put into `int_var`. + `OPT_CALLBACK(short, long, &var, arg_str, description, func_ptr)`:: Introduce an option with argument. The argument will be fed into the function given by `func_ptr` @@ -269,10 +275,10 @@ Examples -------- See `test-parse-options.c` and -`builtin-add.c`, -`builtin-clone.c`, -`builtin-commit.c`, -`builtin-fetch.c`, -`builtin-fsck.c`, -`builtin-rm.c` +`builtin/add.c`, +`builtin/clone.c`, +`builtin/commit.c`, +`builtin/fetch.c`, +`builtin/fsck.c`, +`builtin/rm.c` for real-world examples. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt index 0810251f5a..f352a9b22e 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ Git index format A conflict is represented in the index as a set of higher stage entries. When a conflict is resolved (e.g. with "git add path"), these higher - stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resoluton + stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resolution is added. When these higher stage entries are removed, they are saved in the diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt index f1a51edf47..b898e97988 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt @@ -228,8 +228,7 @@ obtained through ref discovery. The client MUST write all obj-ids which it only has shallow copies of (meaning that it does not have the parents of a commit) as 'shallow' lines so that the server is aware of the limitations of -the client's history. Clients MUST NOT mention an obj-id which -it does not know exists on the server. +the client's history. The client now sends the maximum commit history depth it wants for this transaction, which is the number of commits it wants from the diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt index 6dc82ca5a8..242a044db9 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ because in-core timestamps can have finer granularity than on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an inode is evicted from the inode cache. See commit 8ce13b0 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git -([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems, +([PATCH] Sync in core time granularity with filesystems, 2005-01-04). Racy Git @@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ them, and give the same timestamp to the index file: $ git ls-files | git update-index --stdin $ touch -r .datestamp .git/index -This will make all index entries racily clean. The linux-2.6 -project, for example, there are over 20,000 files in the working -tree. On my Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above: +This will make all index entries racily clean. The linux project, for +example, there are over 20,000 files in the working tree. On my +Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above: $ /usr/bin/time git diff-files 1.68user 0.54system 0:02.22elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt index 3ca122faed..9ccb24677e 100644 --- a/Documentation/urls.txt +++ b/Documentation/urls.txt @@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ and ftps can be used for fetching and rsync can be used for fetching and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use them). +The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and +should be used with caution on unsecured networks. + The following syntaxes may be used with them: - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/ @@ -23,6 +26,12 @@ An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol: - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:path/to/repo.git/ +This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the +first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a +colon. For example the local path `foo:bar` could be specified as an +absolute path or `./foo:bar` to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh +url. + The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion: - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/ @@ -33,7 +42,7 @@ For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following syntaxes may be used: - /path/to/repo.git/ -- file:///path/to/repo.git/ +- \file:///path/to/repo.git/ ifndef::git-clone[] These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index e831cc2020..fe723e4722 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -57,17 +57,17 @@ download a copy of an existing repository. If you don't already have a project in mind, here are some interesting examples: ------------------------------------------------ - # Git itself (approx. 10MB download): + # Git itself (approx. 40MB download): $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git - # the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download): -$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git + # the Linux kernel (approx. 640MB download): +$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git ------------------------------------------------ The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you will only need to clone once. -The clone command creates a new directory named after the project (`git` -or `linux-2.6` in the examples above). After you cd into this +The clone command creates a new directory named after the project +(`git` or `linux` in the examples above). After you cd into this directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files, called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special top-level directory named `.git`, which contains all the information @@ -431,19 +431,25 @@ You can also track branches from repositories other than the one you cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]: ------------------------------------------------- -$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git -$ git fetch linux-nfs -* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ... - commit: bf81b46 +$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git +$ git fetch staging +... +From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging + * [new branch] master -> staging/master + * [new branch] staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus + * [new branch] staging-next -> staging/staging-next ------------------------------------------------- New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name -that you gave `git remote add`, in this case `linux-nfs`: +that you gave `git remote add`, in this case `staging`: ------------------------------------------------- $ git branch -r -linux-nfs/master -origin/master + origin/HEAD -> origin/master + origin/master + staging/master + staging/staging-linus + staging/staging-next ------------------------------------------------- If you run `git fetch <remote>` later, the remote-tracking branches @@ -455,9 +461,9 @@ a new stanza: ------------------------------------------------- $ cat .git/config ... -[remote "linux-nfs"] - url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git - fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/* +[remote "staging"] + url = git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging.git + fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/staging/* ... ------------------------------------------------- @@ -1835,7 +1841,7 @@ Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run ------------------------------------------------- -$ git am --resolved +$ git am --continue ------------------------------------------------- and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the @@ -2156,7 +2162,7 @@ To set this up, first create your work tree by cloning Linus's public tree: ------------------------------------------------- -$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work +$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git work $ cd work ------------------------------------------------- @@ -2198,7 +2204,7 @@ make it easy to push both branches to your public tree. (See ------------------------------------------------- $ cat >> .git/config <<EOF [remote "mytree"] - url = master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git + url = master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux.git push = release push = test EOF @@ -4256,15 +4262,16 @@ no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly). Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the command `git`. The source side of a builtin is -- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin-<bla>.c`, - and declared in `builtin.h`, +- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin/<bla.c>` + (note that older versions of Git used to have it in `builtin-<bla>.c` + instead), and declared in `builtin.h`. - an entry in the `commands[]` array in `git.c`, and - an entry in `BUILTIN_OBJECTS` in the `Makefile`. Sometimes, more than one builtin is contained in one source file. For -example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin-log.c`, +example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin/log.c`, since they share quite a bit of code. In that case, the commands which are _not_ named like the `.c` file in which they live have to be listed in `BUILT_INS` in the `Makefile`. @@ -4287,10 +4294,10 @@ For the sake of clarity, let's stay with `git cat-file`, because it - is plumbing, and - was around even in the initial commit (it literally went only through - some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin-cat-file.c` + some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin/cat-file.c` when made a builtin, and then saw less than 10 versions). -So, look into `builtin-cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what +So, look into `builtin/cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what it does. ------------------------------------------------------------------ @@ -4366,7 +4373,7 @@ Another example: Find out what to do in order to make some script a builtin: ------------------------------------------------- -$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin-*.c +$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin/*.c ------------------------------------------------- You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git @@ -4668,5 +4675,5 @@ Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts. Alternates, clone -reference, etc. More on recovery from repository corruption. See: - http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2 - http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2 + http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2 + http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2 |