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-rw-r--r--Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt74
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/commitgraph.txt8
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/core.txt2
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/feature.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/maintenance.txt16
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/mergetool.txt10
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/protocol.txt3
-rw-r--r--Documentation/config/receive.txt22
-rw-r--r--Documentation/fetch-options.txt6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-branch.txt10
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-clone.txt6
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt7
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt13
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-maintenance.txt79
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git-tag.txt11
-rw-r--r--Documentation/git.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/gitfaq.txt86
-rw-r--r--Documentation/githooks.txt62
-rw-r--r--Documentation/ref-reachability-filters.txt7
-rw-r--r--Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt41
-rw-r--r--Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt17
23 files changed, 463 insertions, 33 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt
index 67d9801da3..e430392340 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt
@@ -67,6 +67,37 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
* "git worktree add" learns that the "-d" is a synonym to "--detach"
option to create a new worktree without being on a branch.
+ * "format-patch --range-diff=<prev> <origin>..HEAD" has been taught
+ not to ignore <origin> when <prev> is a single version.
+
+ * "add -p" now allows editing paths that were only added in intent.
+
+ * The 'meld' backend of the "git mergetool" learned to give the
+ underlying 'meld' the '--auto-merge' option, which would help
+ reduce the amount of text that requires manual merging.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" and friends that list refs used to allow only
+ one --merged or --no-merged to filter them; they learned to take
+ combination of both kind of filtering.
+
+ * "git maintenance", a "git gc"'s big brother, has been introduced to
+ take care of more repository maintenance tasks, not limited to the
+ object database cleaning.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" that accepts requests by "git push" learned to
+ outsource most of the ref updates to the new "proc-receive" hook.
+
+ * "git push" that wants to be atomic and wants to send push
+ certificate learned not to prepare and sign the push certificate
+ when it fails the local check (hence due to atomicity it is known
+ that no certificate is needed).
+
+ * "git commit-graph write" learned to limit the number of bloom
+ filters that are computed from scratch with the --max-new-filters
+ option.
+
+ * The transport protocol v2 has become the default again.
+
Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
@@ -155,6 +186,12 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
* Allow maintainers to tweak $(TAR) invocations done while making
distribution tarballs.
+ * "git index-pack" learned to resolve deltified objects with greater
+ parallelism.
+
+ * "diff-highlight" (in contrib/) had a logic to flush its output upon
+ seeing a blank line but the way it detected a blank line was broken.
+
Fixes since v2.28
-----------------
@@ -336,6 +373,42 @@ Fixes since v2.28
early and cleanly when started outside a git repository.
(merge 378fe5fc3d mt/config-fail-nongit-early later to maint).
+ * There is a logic to estimate how many objects are in the
+ repository, which is mean to run once per process invocation, but
+ it ran every time the estimated value was requested.
+ (merge 67bb65de5d jk/dont-count-existing-objects-twice later to maint).
+
+ * "git remote set-head" that failed still said something that hints
+ the operation went through, which was misleading.
+ (merge 5a07c6c3c2 cs/don-t-pretend-a-failed-remote-set-head-succeeded later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch --all --ipv4/--ipv6" forgot to pass the protocol options
+ to instances of the "git fetch" that talk to individual remotes,
+ which has been corrected.
+ (merge 4e735c1326 ar/fetch-ipversion-in-all later to maint).
+
+ * The "unshelve" subcommand of "git p4" used incorrectly used
+ commit^N where it meant to say commit~N to name the Nth generation
+ ancestor, which has been corrected.
+ (merge 0acbf5997f ld/p4-unshelve-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone" that clones from SHA-1 repository, while
+ GIT_DEFAULT_HASH set to use SHA-256 already, resulted in an
+ unusable repository that half-claims to be SHA-256 repository
+ with SHA-1 objects and refs. This has been corrected.
+
+ * Adjust sample hooks for hash algorithm other than SHA-1.
+ (merge d8d3d632f4 dl/zero-oid-in-hooks later to maint).
+
+ * "git range-diff" showed incorrect diffstat, which has been
+ corrected.
+
+ * Earlier we taught "git pull" to warn when the user does not say the
+ histories need to be merged, rebased or accepts only fast-
+ forwarding, but the warning triggered for those who have set the
+ pull.ff configuration variable.
+ (merge 54200cef86 ah/pull later to maint).
+
* Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
(merge 84544f2ea3 sk/typofixes later to maint).
(merge b17f411ab5 ar/help-guides-doc later to maint).
@@ -366,3 +439,4 @@ Fixes since v2.28
(merge e6d5a11fed al/t3200-back-on-a-branch later to maint).
(merge 324efcf6b6 pw/add-p-leakfix later to maint).
(merge 1c6ffb546b jk/add-i-fixes later to maint).
+ (merge e40e936551 cd/commit-graph-doc later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 3042d80978..bf706b950e 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -340,6 +340,8 @@ include::config/column.txt[]
include::config/commit.txt[]
+include::config/commitgraph.txt[]
+
include::config/credential.txt[]
include::config/completion.txt[]
@@ -398,6 +400,8 @@ include::config/mailinfo.txt[]
include::config/mailmap.txt[]
+include::config/maintenance.txt[]
+
include::config/man.txt[]
include::config/merge.txt[]
diff --git a/Documentation/config/commitgraph.txt b/Documentation/config/commitgraph.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4582c39fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/commitgraph.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+commitGraph.maxNewFilters::
+ Specifies the default value for the `--max-new-filters` option of `git
+ commit-graph write` (c.f., linkgit:git-commit-graph[1]).
+
+commitGraph.readChangedPaths::
+ If true, then git will use the changed-path Bloom filters in the
+ commit-graph file (if it exists, and they are present). Defaults to
+ true. See linkgit:git-commit-graph[1] for more information.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/core.txt b/Documentation/config/core.txt
index 74619a9c03..02002cf109 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/core.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/core.txt
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ the largest projects. You probably do not need to adjust this value.
Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
core.deltaBaseCacheLimit::
- Maximum number of bytes to reserve for caching base objects
+ Maximum number of bytes per thread to reserve for caching base objects
that may be referenced by multiple deltified objects. By storing the
entire decompressed base objects in a cache Git is able
to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base
diff --git a/Documentation/config/feature.txt b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
index c0cbf2bb1c..cdecd04e5b 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/feature.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/feature.txt
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ feature.experimental::
+
* `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm=skipping` may improve fetch negotiation times by
skipping more commits at a time, reducing the number of round trips.
-+
-* `protocol.version=2` speeds up fetches from repositories with many refs by
-allowing the client to specify which refs to list before the server lists
-them.
feature.manyFiles::
Enable config options that optimize for repos with many files in the
diff --git a/Documentation/config/maintenance.txt b/Documentation/config/maintenance.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7cc6700d57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/config/maintenance.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+maintenance.<task>.enabled::
+ This boolean config option controls whether the maintenance task
+ with name `<task>` is run when no `--task` option is specified to
+ `git maintenance run`. These config values are ignored if a
+ `--task` option exists. By default, only `maintenance.gc.enabled`
+ is true.
+
+maintenance.commit-graph.auto::
+ This integer config option controls how often the `commit-graph` task
+ should be run as part of `git maintenance run --auto`. If zero, then
+ the `commit-graph` task will not run with the `--auto` option. A
+ negative value will force the task to run every time. Otherwise, a
+ positive value implies the command should run when the number of
+ reachable commits that are not in the commit-graph file is at least
+ the value of `maintenance.commit-graph.auto`. The default value is
+ 100.
diff --git a/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt b/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt
index 09ed31dbfa..16a27443a3 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/mergetool.txt
@@ -30,6 +30,16 @@ mergetool.meld.hasOutput::
to `true` tells Git to unconditionally use the `--output` option,
and `false` avoids using `--output`.
+mergetool.meld.useAutoMerge::
+ When the `--auto-merge` is given, meld will merge all non-conflicting
+ parts automatically, highlight the conflicting parts and wait for
+ user decision. Setting `mergetool.meld.useAutoMerge` to `true` tells
+ Git to unconditionally use the `--auto-merge` option with `meld`.
+ Setting this value to `auto` makes git detect whether `--auto-merge`
+ is supported and will only use `--auto-merge` when available. A
+ value of `false` avoids using `--auto-merge` altogether, and is the
+ default value.
+
mergetool.keepBackup::
After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers
can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension. If this variable
diff --git a/Documentation/config/protocol.txt b/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
index c46e9b3d00..756591d77b 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/protocol.txt
@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ protocol.version::
If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a server
using the specified protocol version. If the server does
not support it, communication falls back to version 0.
- If unset, the default is `0`, unless `feature.experimental`
- is enabled, in which case the default is `2`.
+ If unset, the default is `2`.
Supported versions:
+
--
diff --git a/Documentation/config/receive.txt b/Documentation/config/receive.txt
index 65f78aac37..85d5b5a3d2 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/receive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/receive.txt
@@ -114,6 +114,28 @@ receive.hideRefs::
An attempt to update or delete a hidden ref by `git push` is
rejected.
+receive.procReceiveRefs::
+ This is a multi-valued variable that defines reference prefixes
+ to match the commands in `receive-pack`. Commands matching the
+ prefixes will be executed by an external hook "proc-receive",
+ instead of the internal `execute_commands` function. If this
+ variable is not defined, the "proc-receive" hook will never be
+ used, and all commands will be executed by the internal
+ `execute_commands` function.
++
+For example, if this variable is set to "refs/for", pushing to reference
+such as "refs/for/master" will not create or update a reference named
+"refs/for/master", but may create or update a pull request directly by
+running the hook "proc-receive".
++
+Optional modifiers can be provided in the beginning of the value to filter
+commands for specific actions: create (a), modify (m), delete (d).
+A `!` can be included in the modifiers to negate the reference prefix entry.
+E.g.:
++
+ git config --system --add receive.procReceiveRefs ad:refs/heads
+ git config --system --add receive.procReceiveRefs !:refs/heads
+
receive.updateServerInfo::
If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index e8104c082e..2bf77b46fd 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -95,9 +95,11 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
Allow several <repository> and <group> arguments to be
specified. No <refspec>s may be specified.
+--[no-]auto-maintenance::
--[no-]auto-gc::
- Run `git gc --auto` at the end to perform garbage collection
- if needed. This is enabled by default.
+ Run `git maintenance run --auto` at the end to perform automatic
+ repository maintenance if needed. (`--[no-]auto-gc` is a synonym.)
+ This is enabled by default.
--[no-]write-commit-graph::
Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 03c0824d52..ace4ad3da8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--show-current]
[-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>]
- [(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]]
+ [--merged [<commit>]] [--no-merged [<commit>]]
[--contains [<commit>]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
[--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>]
[(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)]
@@ -252,13 +252,11 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
--merged [<commit>]::
Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
- specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`,
- incompatible with `--no-merged`.
+ specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
--no-merged [<commit>]::
Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
- specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`,
- incompatible with `--merged`.
+ specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
<branchname>::
The name of the branch to create or delete.
@@ -370,6 +368,8 @@ serve four related but different purposes:
- `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.
+include::ref-reachability-filters.txt[]
+
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index c898310099..097e6a86c5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`)
-which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
-If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
-then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
+which automatically call `git maintenance run --auto`. (See
+linkgit:git-maintenance[1].) If these objects are removed and were referenced
+by the cloned repository, then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
+
Note that running `git repack` without the `--local` option in a repository
cloned with `--shared` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
index 17405c73a9..de6b6de230 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-graph.txt
@@ -67,6 +67,13 @@ this option is given, future commit-graph writes will automatically assume
that this option was intended. Use `--no-changed-paths` to stop storing this
data.
+
+With the `--max-new-filters=<n>` option, generate at most `n` new Bloom
+filters (if `--changed-paths` is specified). If `n` is `-1`, no limit is
+enforced. Only commits present in the new layer count against this
+limit. To retroactively compute Bloom filters over earlier layers, it is
+advised to use `--split=replace`. Overrides the `commitGraph.maxNewFilters`
+configuration.
++
With the `--split[=<strategy>]` option, write the commit-graph as a
chain of multiple commit-graph files stored in
`<dir>/info/commit-graphs`. Commit-graph layers are merged based on the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index 616ce46087..2962f85a50 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
'git for-each-ref' [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
[(--sort=<key>)...] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
[--points-at=<object>]
- (--merged[=<object>] | --no-merged[=<object>])
+ [--merged[=<object>]] [--no-merged[=<object>]]
[--contains[=<object>]] [--no-contains[=<object>]]
DESCRIPTION
@@ -76,13 +76,11 @@ OPTIONS
--merged[=<object>]::
Only list refs whose tips are reachable from the
- specified commit (HEAD if not specified),
- incompatible with `--no-merged`.
+ specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
--no-merged[=<object>]::
Only list refs whose tips are not reachable from the
- specified commit (HEAD if not specified),
- incompatible with `--merged`.
+ specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
--contains[=<object>]::
Only list refs which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
@@ -408,6 +406,11 @@ Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object
database; in this case, it is undefined which copy's size or delta base
will be reported.
+NOTES
+-----
+
+include::ref-reachability-filters.txt[]
+
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-show-ref[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt b/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6abcb8255a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-maintenance.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+git-maintenance(1)
+==================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-maintenance - Run tasks to optimize Git repository data
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git maintenance' run [<options>]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Run tasks to optimize Git repository data, speeding up other Git commands
+and reducing storage requirements for the repository.
+
+Git commands that add repository data, such as `git add` or `git fetch`,
+are optimized for a responsive user experience. These commands do not take
+time to optimize the Git data, since such optimizations scale with the full
+size of the repository while these user commands each perform a relatively
+small action.
+
+The `git maintenance` command provides flexibility for how to optimize the
+Git repository.
+
+SUBCOMMANDS
+-----------
+
+run::
+ Run one or more maintenance tasks. If one or more `--task` options
+ are specified, then those tasks are run in that order. Otherwise,
+ the tasks are determined by which `maintenance.<task>.enabled`
+ config options are true. By default, only `maintenance.gc.enabled`
+ is true.
+
+TASKS
+-----
+
+commit-graph::
+ The `commit-graph` job updates the `commit-graph` files incrementally,
+ then verifies that the written data is correct. The incremental
+ write is safe to run alongside concurrent Git processes since it
+ will not expire `.graph` files that were in the previous
+ `commit-graph-chain` file. They will be deleted by a later run based
+ on the expiration delay.
+
+gc::
+ Clean up unnecessary files and optimize the local repository. "GC"
+ stands for "garbage collection," but this task performs many
+ smaller tasks. This task can be expensive for large repositories,
+ as it repacks all Git objects into a single pack-file. It can also
+ be disruptive in some situations, as it deletes stale data. See
+ linkgit:git-gc[1] for more details on garbage collection in Git.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--auto::
+ When combined with the `run` subcommand, run maintenance tasks
+ only if certain thresholds are met. For example, the `gc` task
+ runs when the number of loose objects exceeds the number stored
+ in the `gc.auto` config setting, or when the number of pack-files
+ exceeds the `gc.autoPackLimit` config setting.
+
+--quiet::
+ Do not report progress or other information over `stderr`.
+
+--task=<task>::
+ If this option is specified one or more times, then only run the
+ specified tasks in the specified order. If no `--task=<task>`
+ arguments are specified, then only the tasks with
+ `maintenance.<task>.enabled` configured as `true` are considered.
+ See the 'TASKS' section for the list of accepted `<task>` values.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index f6d9791780..56656d1be6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--no-contains <commit>]
[--points-at <object>] [--column[=<options>] | --no-column]
[--create-reflog] [--sort=<key>] [--format=<format>]
- [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
+ [--merged <commit>] [--no-merged <commit>] [<pattern>...]
'git tag' -v [--format=<format>] <tagname>...
DESCRIPTION
@@ -149,11 +149,11 @@ This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
--merged [<commit>]::
Only list tags whose commits are reachable from the specified
- commit (`HEAD` if not specified), incompatible with `--no-merged`.
+ commit (`HEAD` if not specified).
--no-merged [<commit>]::
Only list tags whose commits are not reachable from the specified
- commit (`HEAD` if not specified), incompatible with `--merged`.
+ commit (`HEAD` if not specified).
--points-at <object>::
Only list tags of the given object (HEAD if not
@@ -377,6 +377,11 @@ $ GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2006-10-02 10:31" git tag -s v1.0.1
include::date-formats.txt[]
+NOTES
+-----
+
+include::ref-reachability-filters.txt[]
+
SEE ALSO
--------
linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 2f72b10224..c463b937a8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -722,6 +722,10 @@ of clones and fetches.
time of each Git command.
See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+`GIT_TRACE_REFS`::
+ Enables trace messages for operations on the ref database.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
`GIT_TRACE_SETUP`::
Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitfaq.txt b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
index 9cd7a592ac..afdaeab850 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitfaq.txt
@@ -241,6 +241,59 @@ How do I know if I want to do a fetch or a pull?::
ignore the upstream changes. A pull consists of a fetch followed
immediately by either a merge or rebase. See linkgit:git-pull[1].
+Merging and Rebasing
+--------------------
+
+[[long-running-squash-merge]]
+What kinds of problems can occur when merging long-lived branches with squash merges?::
+ In general, there are a variety of problems that can occur when using squash
+ merges to merge two branches multiple times. These can include seeing extra
+ commits in `git log` output, with a GUI, or when using the `...` notation to
+ express a range, as well as the possibility of needing to re-resolve conflicts
+ again and again.
++
+When Git does a normal merge between two branches, it considers exactly three
+points: the two branches and a third commit, called the _merge base_, which is
+usually the common ancestor of the commits. The result of the merge is the sum
+of the changes between the merge base and each head. When you merge two
+branches with a regular merge commit, this results in a new commit which will
+end up as a merge base when they're merged again, because there is now a new
+common ancestor. Git doesn't have to consider changes that occurred before the
+merge base, so you don't have to re-resolve any conflicts you resolved before.
++
+When you perform a squash merge, a merge commit isn't created; instead, the
+changes from one side are applied as a regular commit to the other side. This
+means that the merge base for these branches won't have changed, and so when Git
+goes to perform its next merge, it considers all of the changes that it
+considered the last time plus the new changes. That means any conflicts may
+need to be re-resolved. Similarly, anything using the `...` notation in `git
+diff`, `git log`, or a GUI will result in showing all of the changes since the
+original merge base.
++
+As a consequence, if you want to merge two long-lived branches repeatedly, it's
+best to always use a regular merge commit.
+
+[[merge-two-revert-one]]
+If I make a change on two branches but revert it on one, why does the merge of those branches include the change?::
+ By default, when Git does a merge, it uses a strategy called the recursive
+ strategy, which does a fancy three-way merge. In such a case, when Git
+ performs the merge, it considers exactly three points: the two heads and a
+ third point, called the _merge base_, which is usually the common ancestor of
+ those commits. Git does not consider the history or the individual commits
+ that have happened on those branches at all.
++
+As a result, if both sides have a change and one side has reverted that change,
+the result is to include the change. This is because the code has changed on
+one side and there is no net change on the other, and in this scenario, Git
+adopts the change.
++
+If this is a problem for you, you can do a rebase instead, rebasing the branch
+with the revert onto the other branch. A rebase in this scenario will revert
+the change, because a rebase applies each individual commit, including the
+revert. Note that rebases rewrite history, so you should avoid rebasing
+published branches unless you're sure you're comfortable with that. See the
+NOTES section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for more details.
+
Hooks
-----
@@ -310,6 +363,39 @@ information about how to configure files as text or binary.
You can also control this behavior with the `core.whitespace` setting if you
don't wish to remove the carriage returns from your line endings.
+[[always-modified-files-case]]
+Why do I have a file that's always modified?::
+ Internally, Git always stores file names as sequences of bytes and doesn't
+ perform any encoding or case folding. However, Windows and macOS by default
+ both perform case folding on file names. As a result, it's possible to end up
+ with multiple files or directories whose names differ only in case. Git can
+ handle this just fine, but the file system can store only one of these files,
+ so when Git reads the other file to see its contents, it looks modified.
++
+It's best to remove one of the files such that you only have one file. You can
+do this with commands like the following (assuming two files `AFile.txt` and
+`afile.txt`) on an otherwise clean working tree:
++
+----
+$ git rm --cached AFile.txt
+$ git commit -m 'Remove files conflicting in case'
+$ git checkout .
+----
++
+This avoids touching the disk, but removes the additional file. Your project
+may prefer to adopt a naming convention, such as all-lowercase names, to avoid
+this problem from occurring again; such a convention can be checked using a
+`pre-receive` hook or as part of a continuous integration (CI) system.
++
+It is also possible for perpetually modified files to occur on any platform if a
+smudge or clean filter is in use on your system but a file was previously
+committed without running the smudge or clean filter. To fix this, run the
+following on an otherwise clean working tree:
++
+----
+$ git add --renormalize .
+----
+
[[recommended-storage-settings]]
What's the recommended way to store files in Git?::
While Git can store and handle any file of any type, there are some
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index cf95d6d02b..6e461ace6e 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -335,6 +335,68 @@ The default 'update' hook, when enabled--and with
`hooks.allowunannotated` config option unset or set to false--prevents
unannotated tags to be pushed.
+[[proc-receive]]
+proc-receive
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. If the server has
+set the multi-valued config variable `receive.procReceiveRefs`, and the
+commands sent to 'receive-pack' have matching reference names, these
+commands will be executed by this hook, instead of by the internal
+`execute_commands()` function. This hook is responsible for updating
+the relevant references and reporting the results back to 'receive-pack'.
+
+This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no
+arguments, but uses a pkt-line format protocol to communicate with
+'receive-pack' to read commands, push-options and send results. In the
+following example for the protocol, the letter 'S' stands for
+'receive-pack' and the letter 'H' stands for this hook.
+
+ # Version and features negotiation.
+ S: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options atomic...)
+ S: flush-pkt
+ H: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options...)
+ H: flush-pkt
+
+ # Send commands from server to the hook.
+ S: PKT-LINE(<old-oid> <new-oid> <ref>)
+ S: ... ...
+ S: flush-pkt
+ # Send push-options only if the 'push-options' feature is enabled.
+ S: PKT-LINE(push-option)
+ S: ... ...
+ S: flush-pkt
+
+ # Receive result from the hook.
+ # OK, run this command successfully.
+ H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>)
+ # NO, I reject it.
+ H: PKT-LINE(ng <ref> <reason>)
+ # Fall through, let 'receive-pack' to execute it.
+ H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>)
+ H: PKT-LINE(option fall-through)
+ # OK, but has an alternate reference. The alternate reference name
+ # and other status can be given in option directives.
+ H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>)
+ H: PKT-LINE(option refname <refname>)
+ H: PKT-LINE(option old-oid <old-oid>)
+ H: PKT-LINE(option new-oid <new-oid>)
+ H: PKT-LINE(option forced-update)
+ H: ... ...
+ H: flush-pkt
+
+Each command for the 'proc-receive' hook may point to a pseudo-reference
+and always has a zero-old as its old-oid, while the 'proc-receive' hook
+may update an alternate reference and the alternate reference may exist
+already with a non-zero old-oid. For this case, this hook will use
+"option" directives to report extended attributes for the reference given
+by the leading "ok" directive.
+
+The report of the commands of this hook should have the same order as
+the input. The exit status of the 'proc-receive' hook only determines
+the success or failure of the group of commands sent to it, unless
+atomic push is in use.
+
[[post-receive]]
post-receive
~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/Documentation/ref-reachability-filters.txt b/Documentation/ref-reachability-filters.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bae46d84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/ref-reachability-filters.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+When combining multiple `--contains` and `--no-contains` filters, only
+references that contain at least one of the `--contains` commits and
+contain none of the `--no-contains` commits are shown.
+
+When combining multiple `--merged` and `--no-merged` filters, only
+references that are reachable from at least one of the `--merged`
+commits and from none of the `--no-merged` commits are shown.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
index 6ddbceba15..b3b58880b9 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/commit-graph-format.txt
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ CHUNK DATA:
Commit Data (ID: {'C', 'D', 'A', 'T' }) (N * (H + 16) bytes)
* The first H bytes are for the OID of the root tree.
* The next 8 bytes are for the positions of the first two parents
- of the ith commit. Stores value 0x7000000 if no parent in that
+ of the ith commit. Stores value 0x70000000 if no parent in that
position. If there are more than two parents, the second value
has its most-significant bit on and the other bits store an array
position into the Extra Edge List chunk.
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ CHUNK DATA:
* The rest of the chunk is the concatenation of all the computed Bloom
filters for the commits in lexicographic order.
* Note: Commits with no changes or more than 512 changes have Bloom filters
- of length zero.
+ of length one, with either all bits set to zero or one respectively.
* The BDAT chunk is present if and only if BIDX is present.
Base Graphs List (ID: {'B', 'A', 'S', 'E'}) [Optional]
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
index a4573d12ce..e13a2c064d 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -503,8 +503,8 @@ The reference discovery phase is done nearly the same way as it is in the
fetching protocol. Each reference obj-id and name on the server is sent
in packet-line format to the client, followed by a flush-pkt. The only
real difference is that the capability listing is different - the only
-possible values are 'report-status', 'delete-refs', 'ofs-delta' and
-'push-options'.
+possible values are 'report-status', 'report-status-v2', 'delete-refs',
+'ofs-delta', 'atomic' and 'push-options'.
Reference Update Request and Packfile Transfer
----------------------------------------------
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ Report Status
-------------
After receiving the pack data from the sender, the receiver sends a
-report if 'report-status' capability is in effect.
+report if 'report-status' or 'report-status-v2' capability is in effect.
It is a short listing of what happened in that update. It will first
list the status of the packfile unpacking as either 'unpack ok' or
'unpack [error]'. Then it will list the status for each of the references
@@ -647,6 +647,41 @@ update was successful, or 'ng [refname] [error]' if the update was not.
error-msg = 1*(OCTET) ; where not "ok"
----
+The 'report-status-v2' capability extends the protocol by adding new option
+lines in order to support reporting of reference rewritten by the
+'proc-receive' hook. The 'proc-receive' hook may handle a command for a
+pseudo-reference which may create or update one or more references, and each
+reference may have different name, different new-oid, and different old-oid.
+
+----
+ report-status-v2 = unpack-status
+ 1*(command-status-v2)
+ flush-pkt
+
+ unpack-status = PKT-LINE("unpack" SP unpack-result)
+ unpack-result = "ok" / error-msg
+
+ command-status-v2 = command-ok-v2 / command-fail
+ command-ok-v2 = command-ok
+ *option-line
+
+ command-ok = PKT-LINE("ok" SP refname)
+ command-fail = PKT-LINE("ng" SP refname SP error-msg)
+
+ error-msg = 1*(OCTET) ; where not "ok"
+
+ option-line = *1(option-refname)
+ *1(option-old-oid)
+ *1(option-new-oid)
+ *1(option-forced-update)
+
+ option-refname = PKT-LINE("option" SP "refname" SP refname)
+ option-old-oid = PKT-LINE("option" SP "old-oid" SP obj-id)
+ option-new-oid = PKT-LINE("option" SP "new-oid" SP obj-id)
+ option-force = PKT-LINE("option" SP "forced-update")
+
+----
+
Updates can be unsuccessful for a number of reasons. The reference can have
changed since the reference discovery phase was originally sent, meaning
someone pushed in the meantime. The reference being pushed could be a
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
index 124d716807..ba869a7d36 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ was sent. Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
and server advertised. As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.
-The 'atomic', 'report-status', 'delete-refs', 'quiet', and 'push-cert'
-capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack (push to server)
-process.
+The 'atomic', 'report-status', 'report-status-v2', 'delete-refs', 'quiet',
+and 'push-cert' capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack
+(push to server) process.
The 'ofs-delta' and 'side-band-64k' capabilities are sent and recognized
by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols. The 'agent' capability
@@ -284,6 +284,17 @@ each reference was updated successfully. If any of those were not
successful, it will send back an error message. See pack-protocol.txt
for example messages.
+report-status-v2
+----------------
+
+Capability 'report-status-v2' extends capability 'report-status' by
+adding new "option" directives in order to support reference rewritten by
+the "proc-receive" hook. The "proc-receive" hook may handle a command
+for a pseudo-reference which may create or update a reference with
+different name, new-oid, and old-oid. While the capability
+'report-status' cannot report for such case. See pack-protocol.txt
+for details.
+
delete-refs
-----------