diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
36 files changed, 1091 insertions, 286 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore index 2c8b2d612e..c7096f11f1 100644 --- a/Documentation/.gitignore +++ b/Documentation/.gitignore @@ -11,3 +11,4 @@ doc.dep cmds-*.txt mergetools-*.txt manpage-base-url.xsl +SubmittingPatches.txt diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 471bb29725..2ab65561af 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt))) SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS) +TECH_DOCS += SubmittingPatches TECH_DOCS += technical/hash-function-transition TECH_DOCS += technical/http-protocol TECH_DOCS += technical/index-format @@ -181,6 +182,7 @@ ASCIIDOC = asciidoctor ASCIIDOC_CONF = ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml5 ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook45 +ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -acompat-mode ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -I. -rasciidoctor-extensions ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -alitdd='&\#x2d;&\#x2d;' DBLATEX_COMMON = @@ -323,6 +325,7 @@ clean: $(RM) *.pdf $(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep $(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt + $(RM) SubmittingPatches.txt $(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made $(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl @@ -361,6 +364,9 @@ technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../ $(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf $(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt +SubmittingPatches.txt: SubmittingPatches + $(QUIET_GEN) cp $< $@ + XSLT = docbook.xsl XSLTOPTS = --xinclude --stringparam html.stylesheet docbook-xsl.css diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.0.txt index 248ba70c3d..cdd761bcc2 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.0.txt @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ UI, Workflows & Features learned to take the 'unfold' and 'only' modifiers to normalize its output, e.g. "git log --format=%(trailers:only,unfold)". - * "gitweb" shows a link to visit the 'raw' contents of blbos in the + * "gitweb" shows a link to visit the 'raw' contents of blobs in the history overview page. * "[gc] rerereResolved = 5.days" used to be invalid, as the variable @@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. * Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues. * Start using selected c99 constructs in small, stable and - essentialpart of the system to catch people who care about + essential part of the system to catch people who care about older compilers that do not grok them. * The filter-process interface learned to allow a process with long latency give a "delayed" response. - * Many uses of comparision callback function the hashmap API uses + * Many uses of comparison callback function the hashmap API uses cast the callback function type when registering it to hashmap_init(), which defeats the compile time type checking when the callback interface changes (e.g. gaining more parameters). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ec06704e63 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +Git v2.15.1 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.15 +----------------- + + * TravisCI build updates. + + * "auto" as a value for the columnar output configuration ought to + judge "is the output consumed by humans?" with the same criteria as + "auto" for coloured output configuration, i.e. either the standard + output stream is going to tty, or a pager is in use. We forgot the + latter, which has been fixed. + + * The experimental "color moved lines differently in diff output" + feature was buggy around "ignore whitespace changes" edges, which + has been corrected. + + * Instead of using custom line comparison and hashing functions to + implement "moved lines" coloring in the diff output, use the pair + of these functions from lower-layer xdiff/ code. + + * Some codepaths did not check for errors when asking what branch the + HEAD points at, which have been fixed. + + * "git commit", after making a commit, did not check for errors when + asking on what branch it made the commit, which has been corrected. + + * "git status --ignored -u" did not stop at a working tree of a + separate project that is embedded in an ignored directory and + listed files in that other project, instead of just showing the + directory itself as ignored. + + * A broken access to object databases in recent update to "git grep + --recurse-submodules" has been fixed. + + * A recent regression in "git rebase -i" that broke execution of git + commands from subdirectories via "exec" instruction has been fixed. + + * "git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" bit a "BUG()" when run + outside a repository for obvious reasons; clarify the documentation + and make sure we do not even try to expand the at-mark magic in + such a case, but still call the validation logic for branch names. + + * Command line completion (in contrib/) update. + + * Description of blame.{showroot,blankboundary,showemail,date} + configuration variables have been added to "git config --help". + + * After an error from lstat(), diff_populate_filespec() function + sometimes still went ahead and used invalid data in struct stat, + which has been fixed. + + * UNC paths are also relevant in Cygwin builds and they are now + tested just like Mingw builds. + + * Correct start-up sequence so that a repository could be placed + immediately under the root directory again (which was broken at + around Git 2.13). + + * The credential helper for libsecret (in contrib/) has been improved + to allow possibly prompting the end user to unlock secrets that are + currently locked (otherwise the secrets may not be loaded). + + * Updates from GfW project. + + * "git rebase -i" recently started misbehaving when a submodule that + is configured with 'submodule.<name>.ignore' is dirty; this has + been corrected. + + * Some error messages did not quote filenames shown in it, which have + been fixed. + + * Building with NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT did not disable it, which has been fixed. + + * We used to add an empty alternate object database to the system + that does not help anything; it has been corrected. + + * Error checking in "git imap-send" for empty response has been + improved. + + * An ancient bug in "git apply --ignore-space-change" codepath has + been fixed. + + * There was a recent semantic mismerge in the codepath to write out a + section of a configuration section, which has been corrected. + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9f7e28f8a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Git v2.15.2 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.15.1 +------------------- + + * Recent update to the refs infrastructure implementation started + rewriting packed-refs file more often than before; this has been + optimized again for most trivial cases. + + * The SubmittingPatches document has been converted to produce an + HTML version via AsciiDoc/Asciidoctor. + + * Contrary to the documentation, "git pull -4/-6 other-args" did not + ask the underlying "git fetch" to go over IPv4/IPv6, which has been + corrected. + + * When "git rebase" prepared an mailbox of changes and fed it to "git + am" to replay them, it was confused when a stray "From " happened + to be in the log message of one of the replayed changes. This has + been corrected. + + * Command line completion (in contrib/) has been taught about the + "--copy" option of "git branch". + + * "git apply --inaccurate-eof" when used with "--ignore-space-change" + triggered an internal sanity check, which has been fixed. + + * The sequencer machinery (used by "git cherry-pick A..B", and "git + rebase -i", among other things) would have lost a commit if stopped + due to an unlockable index file, which has been fixed. + + * The three-way merge performed by "git cherry-pick" was confused + when a new submodule was added in the meantime, which has been + fixed (or "papered over"). + + * "git notes" sent its error message to its standard output stream, + which was corrected. + + * A few scripts (both in production and tests) incorrectly redirected + their error output. These have been corrected. + + * Clarify and enhance documentation for "merge-base --fork-point", as + it was clear what it computed but not why/what for. + + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt index c7bd0f7e96..f7fca7123f 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.0.txt @@ -33,6 +33,80 @@ UI, Workflows & Features * "git stash save" has been deprecated in favour of "git stash push". + * The set of paths output from "git status --ignored" was tied + closely with its "--untracked=<mode>" option, but now it can be + controlled more flexibly. Most notably, a directory that is + ignored because it is listed to be ignored in the ignore/exclude + mechanism can be handled differently from a directory that ends up + to be ignored only because all files in it are ignored. + + * The remote-helper for talking to MediaWiki has been updated to + truncate an overlong pagename so that ".mw" suffix can still be + added. + + * The remote-helper for talking to MediaWiki has been updated to + work with mediawiki namespaces. + + * The "--format=..." option "git for-each-ref" takes learned to show + the name of the 'remote' repository and the ref at the remote side + that is affected for 'upstream' and 'push' via "%(push:remotename)" + and friends. + + * Doc and message updates to teach users "bisect view" is a synonym + for "bisect visualize". + + * "git bisect run" that did not specify any command to run used to go + ahead and treated all commits to be tested as 'good'. This has + been corrected by making the command error out. + + * The SubmittingPatches document has been converted to produce an + HTML version via AsciiDoc/Asciidoctor. + + * We learned to talk to watchman to speed up "git status" and other + operations that need to see which paths have been modified. + + * The "diff" family of commands learned to ignore differences in + carriage return at the end of line. + + * Places that know about "sendemail.to", like documentation and shell + completion (in contrib/) have been taught about "sendemail.tocmd", + too. + + * "git add --renormalize ." is a new and safer way to record the fact + that you are correcting the end-of-line convention and other + "convert_to_git()" glitches in the in-repository data. + + * "git branch" and "git checkout -b" are now forbidden from creating + a branch whose name is "HEAD". + + * "git branch --list" learned to show its output through the pager by + default when the output is going to a terminal, which is controlled + by the pager.branch configuration variable. This is similar to a + recent change to "git tag --list". + + * "git grep -W", "git diff -W" and their friends learned a heuristic + to extend a pre-context beyond the line that matches the "function + pattern" (aka "diff.*.xfuncname") to include a comment block, if + exists, that immediately precedes it. + + * "git config --expiry-date gc.reflogexpire" can read "2.weeks" from + the configuration and report it as a timestamp, just like "--int" + would read "1k" and report 1024, to help consumption by scripts. + + * The shell completion (in contrib/) learned that "git pull" can take + the "--autostash" option. + + * The tagnames "git log --decorate" uses to annotate the commits can + now be limited to subset of available refs with the two additional + options, --decorate-refs[-exclude]=<pattern>. + + * "git grep" compiled with libpcre2 sometimes triggered a segfault, + which is being fixed. + + * "git send-email" tries to see if the sendmail program is available + in /usr/lib and /usr/sbin; extend the list of locations to be + checked to also include directories on $PATH. + Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. @@ -59,6 +133,35 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. * Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues. + * Code cleanup. + + * A single-word "unsigned flags" in the diff options is being split + into a structure with many bitfields. + + * TravisCI build updates. + + * Parts of a test to drive the long-running content filter interface + has been split into its own module, hopefully to eventually become + reusable. + + * Drop (perhaps overly cautious) sanity check before using the index + read from the filesystem at runtime. + + * The build procedure has been taught to avoid some unnecessary + instability in the build products. + + * A new mechanism to upgrade the wire protocol in place is proposed + and demonstrated that it works with the older versions of Git + without harming them. + + * An infrastructure to define what hash function is used in Git is + introduced, and an effort to plumb that throughout various + codepaths has been started. + + * The code to iterate over loose object files got optimized. + + * An internal function that was left for backward compatibility has + been removed, as there is no remaining callers. Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. @@ -71,56 +174,167 @@ Fixes since v2.15 "auto" for coloured output configuration, i.e. either the standard output stream is going to tty, or a pager is in use. We forgot the latter, which has been fixed. - (merge 965ff23a43 kd/auto-col-with-pager-fix later to maint). * The experimental "color moved lines differently in diff output" - feature was buggy around "ignore whitespace changes" edges, whihch + feature was buggy around "ignore whitespace changes" edges, which has been corrected. - (merge b66b507292 jk/diff-color-moved-fix later to maint). * Instead of using custom line comparison and hashing functions to implement "moved lines" coloring in the diff output, use the pair of these functions from lower-layer xdiff/ code. - (merge 01be97c2b2 sb/diff-color-moved-use-xdl-recmatch later to maint). * Some codepaths did not check for errors when asking what branch the HEAD points at, which have been fixed. - (merge dbd2b55cb7 jk/misc-resolve-ref-unsafe-fixes later to maint). * "git commit", after making a commit, did not check for errors when - asking on what branch it made the commit, which has been correted. - (merge c26de08370 ao/check-resolve-ref-unsafe-result later to maint). + asking on what branch it made the commit, which has been corrected. * "git status --ignored -u" did not stop at a working tree of a separate project that is embedded in an ignored directory and listed files in that other project, instead of just showing the directory itself as ignored. - (merge fadb4820c4 js/submodule-in-excluded later to maint). * A broken access to object databases in recent update to "git grep --recurse-submodules" has been fixed. - (merge 9560e6245a bw/grep-recurse-submodules later to maint). * A recent regression in "git rebase -i" that broke execution of git - commands from subdirectories via "exec" insn has been fixed. - (merge 09d7b6c6fa jk/rebase-i-exec-gitdir-fix later to maint). + commands from subdirectories via "exec" instruction has been fixed. * A (possibly flakey) test fix. - (merge cff48ccf2a jc/t5601-copy-workaround later to maint). * "git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" bit a "BUG()" when run outside a repository for obvious reasons; clarify the documentation and make sure we do not even try to expand the at-mark magic in such a case, but still call the validation logic for branch names. - (merge 89dd32aedc jc/check-ref-format-oor later to maint). * "git fetch --recurse-submodules" now knows that submodules can be moved around in the superproject in addition to getting updated, and finds the ones that need to be fetched accordingly. - (merge 4b4acedd61 hv/fetch-moved-submodules-on-demand later to maint). * Command line completion (in contrib/) update. - (merge 6357d9d004 tb/complete-checkout later to maint). + + * Description of blame.{showroot,blankboundary,showemail,date} + configuration variables have been added to "git config --help". + + * After an error from lstat(), diff_populate_filespec() function + sometimes still went ahead and used invalid data in struct stat, + which has been fixed. + + * UNC paths are also relevant in Cygwin builds and they are now + tested just like Mingw builds. + + * Correct start-up sequence so that a repository could be placed + immediately under the root directory again (which was broken at + around Git 2.13). + + * The credential helper for libsecret (in contrib/) has been improved + to allow possibly prompting the end user to unlock secrets that are + currently locked (otherwise the secrets may not be loaded). + + * MinGW updates. + + * Error checking in "git imap-send" for empty response has been + improved. + + * Recent update to the refs infrastructure implementation started + rewriting packed-refs file more often than before; this has been + optimized again for most trivial cases. + + * Some error messages did not quote filenames shown in it, which have + been fixed. + + * "git rebase -i" recently started misbehaving when a submodule that + is configured with 'submodule.<name>.ignore' is dirty; this has + been corrected. + + * Building with NO_LIBPCRE1_JIT did not disable it, which has been fixed. + + * We used to add an empty alternate object database to the system + that does not help anything; it has been corrected. + + * Doc update around use of "format-patch --subject-prefix" etc. + + * A fix for an ancient bug in "git apply --ignore-space-change" codepath. + + * Clarify and enhance documentation for "merge-base --fork-point", as + it was clear what it computed but not why/what for. + + * A few scripts (both in production and tests) incorrectly redirected + their error output. These have been corrected. + + * "git notes" sent its error message to its standard output stream, + which was corrected. + + * The three-way merge performed by "git cherry-pick" was confused + when a new submodule was added in the meantime, which has been + fixed (or "papered over"). + + * The sequencer machinery (used by "git cherry-pick A..B", and "git + rebase -i", among other things) would have lost a commit if stopped + due to an unlockable index file, which has been fixed. + + * "git apply --inaccurate-eof" when used with "--ignore-space-change" + triggered an internal sanity check, which has been fixed. + + * Command line completion (in contrib/) has been taught about the + "--copy" option of "git branch". + + * When "git rebase" prepared an mailbox of changes and fed it to "git + am" to replay them, it was confused when a stray "From " happened + to be in the log message of one of the replayed changes. This has + been corrected. + + * There was a recent semantic mismerge in the codepath to write out a + section of a configuration section, which has been corrected. + + * Mentions of "git-rebase" and "git-am" (dashed form) still remained + in end-user visible strings emitted by the "git rebase" command; + they have been corrected. + + * Contrary to the documentation, "git pull -4/-6 other-args" did not + ask the underlying "git fetch" to go over IPv4/IPv6, which has been + corrected. + + * "git checkout --recursive" may overwrite and rewind the history of + the branch that happens to be checked out in submodule + repositories, which might not be desirable. Detach the HEAD but + still allow the recursive checkout to succeed in such a case. + (merge 57f22bf997 sb/submodule-recursive-checkout-detach-head later to maint). + + * "git branch --set-upstream" has been deprecated and (sort of) + removed, as "--set-upstream-to" is the preferred one these days. + The documentation still had "--set-upstream" listed on its + synopsis section, which has been corrected. + (merge a060f3d3d8 tz/branch-doc-remove-set-upstream later to maint). + + * Internally we use 0{40} as a placeholder object name to signal the + codepath that there is no such object (e.g. the fast-forward check + while "git fetch" stores a new remote-tracking ref says "we know + there is no 'old' thing pointed at by the ref, as we are creating + it anew" by passing 0{40} for the 'old' side), and expect that a + codepath to locate an in-core object to return NULL as a sign that + the object does not exist. A look-up for an object that does not + exist however is quite costly with a repository with large number + of packfiles. This access pattern has been optimized. + (merge 87b5e236a1 jk/fewer-pack-rescan later to maint). + + * In addition to "git stash -m message", the command learned to + accept "git stash -mmessage" form. + (merge 5675473fcb ph/stash-save-m-option-fix later to maint). + + * @{-N} in "git checkout @{-N}" may refer to a detached HEAD state, + but the documentation was not clear about it, which has been fixed. + (merge 75ce149575 ks/doc-checkout-previous later to maint). + + * A regression in the progress eye-candy was fixed. + (merge 9c5951cacf jk/progress-delay-fix later to maint). * Other minor doc, test and build updates and code cleanups. - (merge bab76141da cn/diff-indent-no-longer-is-experimental later to maint). + (merge 1a1fc2d5b5 rd/man-prune-progress later to maint). + (merge 0ba014035a rd/man-reflog-add-n later to maint). + (merge e54b63359f rd/doc-notes-prune-fix later to maint). + (merge ff4c9b413a sp/doc-info-attributes later to maint). + (merge 7db2cbf4f1 jc/receive-pack-hook-doc later to maint). + (merge 5a0526264b tg/t-readme-updates later to maint). + (merge 5e83cca0b8 jk/no-optional-locks later to maint). + (merge 826c778f7c js/hashmap-update-sample later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index 558d465b65..3ef30922ec 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -1,40 +1,47 @@ +Submitting Patches +================== + +== Guidelines + Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code to this software. -(0) Decide what to base your work on. +[[base-branch]] +=== Decide what to base your work on. In general, always base your work on the oldest branch that your change is relevant to. - - A bugfix should be based on 'maint' in general. If the bug is not - present in 'maint', base it on 'master'. For a bug that's not yet - in 'master', find the topic that introduces the regression, and - base your work on the tip of the topic. +* A bugfix should be based on `maint` in general. If the bug is not + present in `maint`, base it on `master`. For a bug that's not yet + in `master`, find the topic that introduces the regression, and + base your work on the tip of the topic. - - A new feature should be based on 'master' in general. If the new - feature depends on a topic that is in 'pu', but not in 'master', - base your work on the tip of that topic. +* A new feature should be based on `master` in general. If the new + feature depends on a topic that is in `pu`, but not in `master`, + base your work on the tip of that topic. - - Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in 'master' should - be based on the tip of that topic. If the topic has not been merged - to 'next', it's alright to add a note to squash minor corrections - into the series. +* Corrections and enhancements to a topic not yet in `master` should + be based on the tip of that topic. If the topic has not been merged + to `next`, it's alright to add a note to squash minor corrections + into the series. - - In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics - not in 'master', start working on 'next' or 'pu' privately and send - out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to - wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and - rebase your work. +* In the exceptional case that a new feature depends on several topics + not in `master`, start working on `next` or `pu` privately and send + out patches for discussion. Before the final merge, you may have to + wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to `master`, and + rebase your work. - - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own - repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below). Changes to - these parts should be based on their trees. +* Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own + repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below). Changes to + these parts should be based on their trees. -To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent -master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this +To find the tip of a topic branch, run `git log --first-parent +master..pu` and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this commit is the tip of the topic branch. -(1) Make separate commits for logically separate changes. +[[separate-commits]] +=== Make separate commits for logically separate changes. Unless your patch is really trivial, you should not be sending out a patch that was generated between your working tree and @@ -58,8 +65,9 @@ differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things to have. Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing. See -t/README for guidance. +`t/README` for guidance. +[[tests]] When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show the feature triggers the new behavior when it should, and to show the feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. After any code change, make @@ -84,41 +92,45 @@ turning en_UK spelling to en_US). Obvious typographical fixes are much more welcomed ("teh -> "the"), preferably submitted as independent patches separate from other documentation changes. +[[whitespace-check]] Oh, another thing. We are picky about whitespaces. Make sure your changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped -in templates/hooks--pre-commit. To help ensure this does not happen, -run "git diff --check" on your changes before you commit. +in `templates/hooks--pre-commit`. To help ensure this does not happen, +run `git diff --check` on your changes before you commit. - -(2) Describe your changes well. +[[describe-changes]] +=== Describe your changes well. The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50 -characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and -should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to +characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in linkgit:git-commit[1]), +and should skip the full stop. It is also conventional in most cases to prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g. - . doc: clarify distinction between sign-off and pgp-signing - . githooks.txt: improve the intro section +* doc: clarify distinction between sign-off and pgp-signing +* githooks.txt: improve the intro section -If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the +If in doubt which identifier to use, run `git log --no-merges` on the files you are modifying to see the current conventions. +[[summary-section]] It's customary to start the remainder of the first line after "area: " with a lower-case letter. E.g. "doc: clarify...", not "doc: Clarify...", or "githooks.txt: improve...", not "githooks.txt: Improve...". +[[meaningful-message]] The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which: - . explains the problem the change tries to solve, i.e. what is wrong - with the current code without the change. +. explains the problem the change tries to solve, i.e. what is wrong + with the current code without the change. - . justifies the way the change solves the problem, i.e. why the - result with the change is better. +. justifies the way the change solves the problem, i.e. why the + result with the change is better. - . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any. +. alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any. +[[imperative-mood]] Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz" instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change @@ -126,36 +138,43 @@ its behavior. Try to make sure your explanation can be understood without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion. +[[commit-reference]] If you want to reference a previous commit in the history of a stable branch, use the format "abbreviated sha1 (subject, date)", with the subject enclosed in a pair of double-quotes, like this: - Commit f86a374 ("pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak", 2015-03-30) - noticed that ... +.... + Commit f86a374 ("pack-bitmap.c: fix a memleak", 2015-03-30) + noticed that ... +.... The "Copy commit summary" command of gitk can be used to obtain this -format, or this invocation of "git show": +format, or this invocation of `git show`: - git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h ("%s", %ad)' <commit> +.... + git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h ("%s", %ad)' <commit> +.... -(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits. +[[git-tools]] +=== Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits. Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format. -You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or -"git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames. The +You do not have to be afraid to use `-M` option to `git diff` or +`git format-patch`, if your patch involves file renames. The receiving end can handle them just fine. +[[review-patch]] Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code, or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch is trying to achieve. Make sure to review your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy. Before -sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master" +sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the `master` branch head. If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch, that is fine, but please mark it as such. - -(4) Sending your patches. +[[send-patches]] +=== Sending your patches. Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible. These commands are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways @@ -184,14 +203,15 @@ lose tabs that way if you are not careful. It is a common convention to prefix your subject line with [PATCH]. This lets people easily distinguish patches from other -e-mail discussions. Use of additional markers after PATCH and -the closing bracket to mark the nature of the patch is also -encouraged. E.g. [PATCH/RFC] is often used when the patch is -not ready to be applied but it is for discussion, [PATCH v2], -[PATCH v3] etc. are often seen when you are sending an update to -what you have previously sent. - -"git format-patch" command follows the best current practice to +e-mail discussions. Use of markers in addition to PATCH within +the brackets to describe the nature of the patch is also +encouraged. E.g. [RFC PATCH] (where RFC stands for "request for +comments") is often used to indicate a patch needs further +discussion before being accepted, [PATCH v2], [PATCH v3] etc. +are often seen when you are sending an update to what you have +previously sent. + +The `git format-patch` command follows the best current practice to format the body of an e-mail message. At the beginning of the patch should come your commit message, ending with the Signed-off-by: lines, and a line that consists of three dashes, @@ -199,6 +219,10 @@ followed by the diffstat information and the patch itself. If you are forwarding a patch from somebody else, optionally, at the beginning of the e-mail message just before the commit message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person. +To change the default "[PATCH]" in the subject to "[<text>]", use +`git format-patch --subject-prefix=<text>`. As a shortcut, you +can use `--rfc` instead of `--subject-prefix="RFC PATCH"`, or +`-v <n>` instead of `--subject-prefix="PATCH v<n>"`. You often want to add additional explanation about the patch, other than the commit message itself. Place such "cover letter" @@ -208,6 +232,7 @@ an explanation of changes between each iteration can be kept in Git-notes and inserted automatically following the three-dash line via `git format-patch --notes`. +[[attachment]] Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not. Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable. Do not let your e-mail client send format=flowed which would destroy @@ -222,6 +247,7 @@ that it will be postponed. Exception: If your mailer is mangling patches then someone may ask you to re-send them using MIME, that is OK. +[[pgp-signature]] Do not PGP sign your patch. Most likely, your maintainer or other people on the list would not have your PGP key and would not bother obtaining it anyway. Your patch is not judged by who you are; a good patch from an unknown origin @@ -230,28 +256,27 @@ origin that is done poorly or does incorrect things. If you really really really really want to do a PGP signed patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message -that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'. That is +that starts with `-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----`. That is not a text/plain, it's something else. Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from -"git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to ++git blame _$path_+ and +git shortlog {litdd}no-merges _$path_+ would help to identify them), to solicit comments and reviews. +:1: footnote:[The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com] +:2: footnote:[The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org] + After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the -patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the -list [*2*] for inclusion. +patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer{1} and "cc:" the +list{2} for inclusion. -Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and -"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your +Do not forget to add trailers such as `Acked-by:`, `Reviewed-by:` and +`Tested-by:` lines as necessary to credit people who helped your patch. - [Addresses] - *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com - *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org - - -(5) Certify your work by adding your "Signed-off-by: " line +[[sign-off]] +=== Certify your work by adding your "Signed-off-by: " line To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the "sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches @@ -263,35 +288,39 @@ the patch, which certifies that you wrote it or otherwise have the right to pass it on as a open-source patch. The rules are pretty simple: if you can certify the below D-C-O: - Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 - - By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: - - (a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I - have the right to submit it under the open source license - indicated in the file; or - - (b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best - of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source - license and I have the right under that license to submit that - work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part - by me, under the same open source license (unless I am - permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated - in the file; or - - (c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other - person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified - it. - - (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution - are public and that a record of the contribution (including all - personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is - maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with - this project or the open source license(s) involved. +[[dco]] +.Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 +____ +By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: + +a. The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I + have the right to submit it under the open source license + indicated in the file; or + +b. The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best + of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source + license and I have the right under that license to submit that + work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part + by me, under the same open source license (unless I am + permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated + in the file; or + +c. The contribution was provided directly to me by some other + person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified + it. + +d. I understand and agree that this project and the contribution + are public and that a record of the contribution (including all + personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is + maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with + this project or the open source license(s) involved. +____ then you just add a line saying - Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org> +.... + Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org> +.... This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit command with the -s option. @@ -302,85 +331,86 @@ D-C-O. Indeed you are encouraged to do so. Do not forget to place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute the change to its true author (see (2) above). +[[real-name]] Also notice that a real name is used in the Signed-off-by: line. Please don't hide your real name. +[[commit-trailers]] If you like, you can put extra tags at the end: -1. "Reported-by:" is used to credit someone who found the bug that - the patch attempts to fix. -2. "Acked-by:" says that the person who is more familiar with the area - the patch attempts to modify liked the patch. -3. "Reviewed-by:", unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the - reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch - is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a - detailed review. -4. "Tested-by:" is used to indicate that the person applied the patch - and found it to have the desired effect. +. `Reported-by:` is used to credit someone who found the bug that + the patch attempts to fix. +. `Acked-by:` says that the person who is more familiar with the area + the patch attempts to modify liked the patch. +. `Reviewed-by:`, unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the + reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch + is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a + detailed review. +. `Tested-by:` is used to indicate that the person applied the patch + and found it to have the desired effect. You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:". ------------------------------------------------- -Subsystems with dedicated maintainers +== Subsystems with dedicated maintainers Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own repositories. - - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts: +- 'git-gui/' comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts: - git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git + git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git - - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project: +- 'gitk-git/' comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project: - git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk + git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk - - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin: +- 'po/' comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin: https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/ Patches to these parts should be based on their trees. ------------------------------------------------- -An ideal patch flow +[[patch-flow]] +== An ideal patch flow Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer suggests to the contributors: - (0) You come up with an itch. You code it up. +. You come up with an itch. You code it up. - (1) Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about - the change. +. Send it to the list and cc people who may need to know about + the change. ++ +The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you +are butchering. These people happen to be the ones who are +most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but +they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help, +don't demand). +git log -p {litdd} _$area_you_are_modifying_+ would +help you find out who they are. - The people who may need to know are the ones whose code you - are butchering. These people happen to be the ones who are - most likely to be knowledgeable enough to help you, but - they have no obligation to help you (i.e. you ask for help, - don't demand). "git log -p -- $area_you_are_modifying" would - help you find out who they are. +. You get comments and suggestions for improvements. You may + even get them in a "on top of your change" patch form. - (2) You get comments and suggestions for improvements. You may - even get them in a "on top of your change" patch form. +. Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who + spend their time to improve your patch. Go back to step (2). - (3) Polish, refine, and re-send to the list and the people who - spend their time to improve your patch. Go back to step (2). +. The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is + good. Send it to the maintainer and cc the list. - (4) The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is - good. Send it to the maintainer and cc the list. - - (5) A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to 'next', - and cooked further and eventually graduates to 'master'. +. A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to `next`, + and cooked further and eventually graduates to `master`. In any time between the (2)-(3) cycle, the maintainer may pick it up -from the list and queue it to 'pu', in order to make it easier for +from the list and queue it to `pu`, in order to make it easier for people play with it without having to pick up and apply the patch to their trees themselves. ------------------------------------------------- -Know the status of your patch after submission +[[patch-status]] +== Know the status of your patch after submission * You can use Git itself to find out when your patch is merged in - master. 'git pull --rebase' will automatically skip already-applied + master. `git pull --rebase` will automatically skip already-applied patches, and will let you know. This works only if you rebase on top of the branch in which your patch has been merged (i.e. it will not tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of @@ -390,8 +420,8 @@ Know the status of your patch after submission entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving the status of various proposed changes. --------------------------------------------------- -GitHub-Travis CI hints +[[travis]] +== GitHub-Travis CI hints With an account at GitHub (you can get one for free to work on open source projects), you can use Travis CI to test your changes on Linux, @@ -400,25 +430,25 @@ test build here: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/builds/120473209 Follow these steps for the initial setup: - (1) Fork https://github.com/git/git to your GitHub account. - You can find detailed instructions how to fork here: - https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/ +. Fork https://github.com/git/git to your GitHub account. + You can find detailed instructions how to fork here: + https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/ - (2) Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org +. Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org - (3) Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button. +. Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button. - (4) Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account. - You can find more information about the required permissions here: - https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes +. Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account. + You can find more information about the required permissions here: + https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes - (5) Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile +. Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile - (6) Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork. +. Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork. After the initial setup, Travis CI will run whenever you push new changes to your fork of Git on GitHub. You can monitor the test state of all your -branches here: https://travis-ci.org/<Your GitHub handle>/git/branches +branches here: https://travis-ci.org/__<Your GitHub handle>__/git/branches If a branch did not pass all test cases then it is marked with a red cross. In that case you can click on the failing Travis CI job and @@ -430,17 +460,16 @@ example: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187 Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork. This will trigger a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass. - ------------------------------------------------- -MUA specific hints +[[mua]] +== MUA specific hints Some of patches I receive or pick up from the list share common patterns of breakage. Please make sure your MUA is set up properly not to corrupt whitespaces. -See the DISCUSSION section of git-format-patch(1) for hints on +See the DISCUSSION section of linkgit:git-format-patch[1] for hints on checking your patch by mailing it to yourself and applying with -git-am(1). +linkgit:git-am[1]. While you are at it, check the resulting commit log message from a trial run of applying the patch. If what is in the resulting @@ -452,23 +481,24 @@ should come after the three-dash line that signals the end of the commit message. -Pine ----- +=== Pine (Johannes Schindelin) +.... I don't know how many people still use pine, but for those poor souls it may be good to mention that the quell-flowed-text is needed for recent versions. ... the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, too. AFAIK it was introduced in 4.60. +.... (Linus Torvalds) +.... And 4.58 needs at least this. ---- diff-tree 8326dd8350be64ac7fc805f6563a1d61ad10d32c (from e886a61f76edf5410573e92e38ce22974f9c40f1) Author: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org> Date: Mon Aug 15 17:23:51 2005 -0700 @@ -490,10 +520,11 @@ diff --git a/pico/pico.c b/pico/pico.c +#endif c |= COMP_EXIT; break; - +.... (Daniel Barkalow) +.... > A patch to SubmittingPatches, MUA specific help section for > users of Pine 4.63 would be very much appreciated. @@ -503,23 +534,21 @@ that or Gentoo did it.) So you need to set the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option, unless the option you have is "strip-whitespace-before-send", in which case you should avoid checking it. +.... +=== Thunderbird, KMail, GMail -Thunderbird, KMail, GMail -------------------------- - -See the MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS section of git-format-patch(1). +See the MUA-SPECIFIC HINTS section of linkgit:git-format-patch[1]. -Gnus ----- +=== Gnus -'|' in the *Summary* buffer can be used to pipe the current +"|" in the `*Summary*` buffer can be used to pipe the current message to an external program, and this is a handy way to drive -"git am". However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is +`git am`. However, if the message is MIME encoded, what is piped into the program is the representation you see in your -*Article* buffer after unwrapping MIME. This is often not what +`*Article*` buffer after unwrapping MIME. This is often not what you would want for two reasons. It tends to screw up non ASCII characters (most notably in people's names), and also -whitespaces (fatal in patches). Running 'C-u g' to display the -message in raw form before using '|' to run the pipe can work +whitespaces (fatal in patches). Running "C-u g" to display the +message in raw form before using "|" to run the pipe can work this problem around. diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 5f0d62753d..9fac2f2b88 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -416,6 +416,13 @@ core.protectNTFS:: 8.3 "short" names. Defaults to `true` on Windows, and `false` elsewhere. +core.fsmonitor:: + If set, the value of this variable is used as a command which + will identify all files that may have changed since the + requested date/time. This information is used to speed up git by + avoiding unnecessary processing of files that have not changed. + See the "fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5]. + core.trustctime:: If false, the ctime differences between the index and the working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time @@ -952,6 +959,23 @@ apply.whitespace:: Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way as the `--whitespace` option. See linkgit:git-apply[1]. +blame.showRoot:: + Do not treat root commits as boundaries in linkgit:git-blame[1]. + This option defaults to false. + +blame.blankBoundary:: + Show blank commit object name for boundary commits in + linkgit:git-blame[1]. This option defaults to false. + +blame.showEmail:: + Show the author email instead of author name in linkgit:git-blame[1]. + This option defaults to false. + +blame.date:: + Specifies the format used to output dates in linkgit:git-blame[1]. + If unset the iso format is used. For supported values, + see the discussion of the `--date` option at linkgit:git-log[1]. + branch.autoSetupMerge:: Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the @@ -2084,15 +2108,40 @@ matched against are those given directly to Git commands. This means any URLs visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching. ssh.variant:: - Depending on the value of the environment variables `GIT_SSH` or - `GIT_SSH_COMMAND`, or the config setting `core.sshCommand`, Git - auto-detects whether to adjust its command-line parameters for use - with plink or tortoiseplink, as opposed to the default (OpenSSH). + By default, Git determines the command line arguments to use + based on the basename of the configured SSH command (configured + using the environment variable `GIT_SSH` or `GIT_SSH_COMMAND` or + the config setting `core.sshCommand`). If the basename is + unrecognized, Git will attempt to detect support of OpenSSH + options by first invoking the configured SSH command with the + `-G` (print configuration) option and will subsequently use + OpenSSH options (if that is successful) or no options besides + the host and remote command (if it fails). ++ +The config variable `ssh.variant` can be set to override this detection. +Valid values are `ssh` (to use OpenSSH options), `plink`, `putty`, +`tortoiseplink`, `simple` (no options except the host and remote command). +The default auto-detection can be explicitly requested using the value +`auto`. Any other value is treated as `ssh`. This setting can also be +overridden via the environment variable `GIT_SSH_VARIANT`. ++ +The current command-line parameters used for each variant are as +follows: + -The config variable `ssh.variant` can be set to override this auto-detection; -valid values are `ssh`, `plink`, `putty` or `tortoiseplink`. Any other value -will be treated as normal ssh. This setting can be overridden via the -environment variable `GIT_SSH_VARIANT`. +-- + +* `ssh` - [-p port] [-4] [-6] [-o option] [username@]host command + +* `simple` - [username@]host command + +* `plink` or `putty` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] [username@]host command + +* `tortoiseplink` - [-P port] [-4] [-6] -batch [username@]host command + +-- ++ +Except for the `simple` variant, command-line parameters are likely to +change as git gains new features. i18n.commitEncoding:: Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself @@ -2520,6 +2569,23 @@ The protocol names currently used by git are: `hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper) -- +protocol.version:: + Experimental. If set, clients will attempt to communicate with a + server using the specified protocol version. If unset, no + attempt will be made by the client to communicate using a + particular protocol version, this results in protocol version 0 + being used. + Supported versions: ++ +-- + +* `0` - the original wire protocol. + +* `1` - the original wire protocol with the addition of a version string + in the initial response from the server. + +-- + pull.ff:: By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the @@ -2983,6 +3049,7 @@ sendemail.smtpPass:: sendemail.suppresscc:: sendemail.suppressFrom:: sendemail.to:: +sendemail.tocmd:: sendemail.smtpDomain:: sendemail.smtpServer:: sendemail.smtpServerPort:: @@ -3401,3 +3468,13 @@ web.browser:: Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands. Currently only linkgit:git-instaweb[1] and linkgit:git-help[1] may use it. + +worktree.guessRemote:: + With `add`, if no branch argument, and neither of `-b` nor + `-B` nor `--detach` are given, the command defaults to + creating a new branch from HEAD. If `worktree.guessRemote` is + set to true, `worktree add` tries to find a remote-tracking + branch whose name uniquely matches the new branch name. If + such a branch exists, it is checked out and set as "upstream" + for the new branch. If no such match can be found, it falls + back to creating a new branch from the current HEAD. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index dd0dba5b1d..9d1586b956 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -80,6 +80,16 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] --histogram:: Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm. +--anchored=<text>:: + Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm. ++ +This option may be specified more than once. ++ +If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once, +and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from +appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience +diff" algorithm internally. + --diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}:: Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows: + @@ -557,6 +567,9 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] --text:: Treat all files as text. +--ignore-cr-at-eol:: + Ignore carrige-return at the end of line when doing a comparison. + --ignore-space-at-eol:: Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL. diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt index b700beaff5..d50fa339dc 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-add.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git add' [--verbose | -v] [--dry-run | -n] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p] [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]] - [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] + [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--renormalize] [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--] [<pathspec>...] DESCRIPTION @@ -175,6 +175,13 @@ for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files. warning (e.g., if you are manually performing operations on submodules). +--renormalize:: + Apply the "clean" process freshly to all tracked files to + forcibly add them again to the index. This is useful after + changing `core.autocrlf` configuration or the `text` attribute + in order to correct files added with wrong CRLF/LF line endings. + This option implies `-u`. + --chmod=(+|-)x:: Override the executable bit of the added files. The executable bit is only changed in the index, the files on disk are left diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt index 6c42abf070..4a1417bdcd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ on the subcommand: git bisect terms [--term-good | --term-bad] git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...] git bisect reset [<commit>] - git bisect visualize + git bisect (visualize|view) git bisect replay <logfile> git bisect log git bisect run <cmd>... @@ -193,24 +193,23 @@ git bisect start --term-new fixed --term-old broken Then, use `git bisect <term-old>` and `git bisect <term-new>` instead of `git bisect good` and `git bisect bad` to mark commits. -Bisect visualize -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Bisect visualize/view +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To see the currently remaining suspects in 'gitk', issue the following -command during the bisection process: +command during the bisection process (the subcommand `view` can be used +as an alternative to `visualize`): ------------ $ git bisect visualize ------------ -`view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`. - If the `DISPLAY` environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used instead. You can also give command-line options such as `-p` and `--stat`. ------------ -$ git bisect view --stat +$ git bisect visualize --stat ------------ Bisect log and bisect replay diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index d6587c5e96..b3084c99c1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [(--merged | --no-merged) [<commit>]] [--contains [<commit]] [--no-contains [<commit>]] [--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...] -'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>] +'git branch' [--track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>] 'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>] 'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>] 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch> @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ OPTIONS --delete:: Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its upstream branch, or in `HEAD` if no upstream was set with - `--track` or `--set-upstream`. + `--track` or `--set-upstream-to`. -D:: Shortcut for `--delete --force`. @@ -281,6 +281,12 @@ start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch. and the object it points at. The format is the same as that of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]. +CONFIGURATION +------------- +`pager.branch` is only respected when listing branches, i.e., when +`--list` is used or implied. The default is to use a pager. +See linkgit:git-config[1]. + Examples -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index e108b0f74b..ca5fc9c798 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -264,6 +264,8 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. local modifications in a submodule would be overwritten the checkout will fail unless `-f` is used. If nothing (or --no-recurse-submodules) is used, the work trees of submodules will not be updated. + Just like linkgit:git-submodule[1], this will detach the + submodules HEAD. <branch>:: Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that, @@ -272,11 +274,11 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on any branch (see below for details). + -As a special case, the `"@{-N}"` syntax for the N-th last branch/commit -checks out branches (instead of detaching). You may also specify -`-` which is synonymous with `"@{-1}"`. +You can use the `"@{-N}"` syntax to refer to the N-th last +branch/commit checked out using "git checkout" operation. You may +also specify `-` which is synonymous to `"@{-1}`. + -As a further special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the +As a special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You can leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to `HEAD`. diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 83c8e9b394..42ca7b5095 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>] [--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>] [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch] [--no-tags] - [--recurse-submodules] [--[no-]shallow-submodules] + [--recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>]] [--[no-]shallow-submodules] [--jobs <n>] [--] <repository> [<directory>] DESCRIPTION @@ -231,14 +231,17 @@ branch of some repository for search indexing. After the clone is created, initialize and clone submodules within based on the provided pathspec. If no pathspec is provided, all submodules are initialized and cloned. - Submodules are initialized and cloned using their default - settings. The resulting clone has `submodule.active` set to + This option can be given multiple times for pathspecs consisting + of multiple entries. The resulting clone has `submodule.active` set to the provided pathspec, or "." (meaning all submodules) if no - pathspec is provided. This is equivalent to running - `git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after - the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned - repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of - `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given) + pathspec is provided. ++ +Submodules are initialized and cloned using their default settings. This is +equivalent to running +`git submodule update --init --recursive <pathspec>` immediately after +the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned repository does +not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, +or `--mirror` is given) --[no-]shallow-submodules:: All submodules which are cloned will be shallow with a depth of 1. diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index 4edd09fc6b..14da5fc157 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -180,6 +180,11 @@ See also <<FILES>>. value (but you can use `git config section.variable ~/` from the command line to let your shell do the expansion). +--expiry-date:: + `git config` will ensure that the output is converted from + a fixed or relative date-string to a timestamp. This option + has no effect when setting the value. + -z:: --null:: For all options that output values and/or keys, always diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt index 1d420e4cde..dffa14a795 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt @@ -145,18 +145,25 @@ upstream:: (behind), "<>" (ahead and behind), or "=" (in sync). `:track` also prints "[gone]" whenever unknown upstream ref is encountered. Append `:track,nobracket` to show tracking - information without brackets (i.e "ahead N, behind M"). Has - no effect if the ref does not have tracking information - associated with it. All the options apart from `nobracket` - are mutually exclusive, but if used together the last option - is selected. + information without brackets (i.e "ahead N, behind M"). ++ +For any remote-tracking branch `%(upstream)`, `%(upstream:remotename)` +and `%(upstream:remoteref)` refer to the name of the remote and the +name of the tracked remote ref, respectively. In other words, the +remote-tracking branch can be updated explicitly and individually by +using the refspec `%(upstream:remoteref):%(upstream)` to fetch from +`%(upstream:remotename)`. ++ +Has no effect if the ref does not have tracking information associated +with it. All the options apart from `nobracket` are mutually exclusive, +but if used together the last option is selected. push:: The name of a local ref which represents the `@{push}` location for the displayed ref. Respects `:short`, `:lstrip`, - `:rstrip`, `:track`, and `:trackshort` options as `upstream` - does. Produces an empty string if no `@{push}` ref is - configured. + `:rstrip`, `:track`, `:trackshort`, `:remotename`, and `:remoteref` + options as `upstream` does. Produces an empty string if no `@{push}` + ref is configured. HEAD:: '*' if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' ' diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt index 32246fdb00..5437f8b0f0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-log.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt @@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ OPTIONS are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are shown. The default option is 'short'. +--decorate-refs=<pattern>:: +--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>:: + If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were + included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it + matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it + doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. + --source:: Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each commit was reached. diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt index d153c17e06..3ac3e3a77d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-ls-files - Show information about files in the index and the working tree SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git ls-files' [-z] [-t] [-v] +'git ls-files' [-z] [-t] [-v] [-f] (--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])* (-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])* [--eol] @@ -133,6 +133,11 @@ a space) at the start of each line: that are marked as 'assume unchanged' (see linkgit:git-update-index[1]). +-f:: + Similar to `-t`, but use lowercase letters for files + that are marked as 'fsmonitor valid' (see + linkgit:git-update-index[1]). + --full-name:: When run from a subdirectory, the command usually outputs paths relative to the current directory. This diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt index b968b64c38..502e00ec35 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt @@ -154,23 +154,71 @@ topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch `origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a history of this shape: - o---B1 + o---B2 / - ---o---o---B2--o---o---o---B (origin/master) + ---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master) \ - B3 + B0 \ - Derived (topic) + D0---D1---D (topic) -where `origin/master` used to point at commits B3, B2, B1 and now it +where `origin/master` used to point at commits B0, B1, B2 and now it points at B, and your `topic` branch was started on top of it back -when `origin/master` was at B3. This mode uses the reflog of -`origin/master` to find B3 as the fork point, so that the `topic` -can be rebased on top of the updated `origin/master` by: +when `origin/master` was at B0, and you built three commits, D0, D1, +and D, on top of it. Imagine that you now want to rebase the work +you did on the topic on top of the updated origin/master. + +In such a case, `git merge-base origin/master topic` would return the +parent of B0 in the above picture, but B0^..D is *not* the range of +commits you would want to replay on top of B (it includes B0, which +is not what you wrote; it is a commit the other side discarded when +it moved its tip from B0 to B1). + +`git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic` is designed to +help in such a case. It takes not only B but also B0, B1, and B2 +(i.e. old tips of the remote-tracking branches your repository's +reflog knows about) into account to see on which commit your topic +branch was built and finds B0, allowing you to replay only the +commits on your topic, excluding the commits the other side later +discarded. + +Hence $ fork_point=$(git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic) + +will find B0, and + $ git rebase --onto origin/master $fork_point topic +will replay D0, D1 and D on top of B to create a new history of this +shape: + + o---B2 + / + ---o---o---B1--o---o---o---B (origin/master) + \ \ + B0 D0'--D1'--D' (topic - updated) + \ + D0---D1---D (topic - old) + +A caveat is that older reflog entries in your repository may be +expired by `git gc`. If B0 no longer appears in the reflog of the +remote-tracking branch `origin/master`, the `--fork-point` mode +obviously cannot find it and fails, avoiding to give a random and +useless result (such as the parent of B0, like the same command +without the `--fork-point` option gives). + +Also, the remote-tracking branch you use the `--fork-point` mode +with must be the one your topic forked from its tip. If you forked +from an older commit than the tip, this mode would not find the fork +point (imagine in the above sample history B0 did not exist, +origin/master started at B1, moved to B2 and then B, and you forked +your topic at origin/master^ when origin/master was B1; the shape of +the history would be the same as above, without B0, and the parent +of B1 is what `git merge-base origin/master topic` correctly finds, +but the `--fork-point` mode will not, because it is not one of the +commits that used to be at the tip of origin/master). + See also -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt index 43677297f3..e8dec1b3c8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git notes' merge --commit [-v | -q] 'git notes' merge --abort [-v | -q] 'git notes' remove [--ignore-missing] [--stdin] [<object>...] -'git notes' prune [-n | -v] +'git notes' prune [-n] [-v] 'git notes' get-ref diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt index 7a493c80f7..a37c0af931 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-prune - Prune all unreachable objects from the object database SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] [--] [<head>...] +'git prune' [-n] [-v] [--progress] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -42,12 +42,15 @@ OPTIONS --verbose:: Report all removed objects. -\--:: - Do not interpret any more arguments as options. +--progress:: + Show progress. --expire <time>:: Only expire loose objects older than <time>. +\--:: + Do not interpret any more arguments as options. + <head>...:: In addition to objects reachable from any of our references, keep objects diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt index 44c736f1a8..472a6808cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt @@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ depending on the subcommand: 'git reflog' ['show'] [log-options] [<ref>] 'git reflog expire' [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix] - [--dry-run] [--verbose] [--all | <refs>...] + [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all | <refs>...] 'git reflog delete' [--rewrite] [--updateref] - [--dry-run] [--verbose] ref@\{specifier\}... + [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] ref@\{specifier\}... 'git reflog exists' <ref> Reference logs, or "reflogs", record when the tips of branches and diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index bac9014ac7..8060ea35c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -203,9 +203,9 @@ a password is obtained using 'git-credential'. specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead; the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServer` configuration - option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or - `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or - `localhost` otherwise. + option; the built-in default is to search for `sendmail` in + `/usr/sbin`, `/usr/lib` and $PATH if such program is + available, falling back to `localhost` otherwise. --smtp-server-port=<port>:: Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt index 8be661007d..056dfb8661 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ create:: return its object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace. This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is probably not - the command you want to use; see "save" above. + the command you want to use; see "push" above. store:: Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash reflog. This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is - probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above. + probably not the command you want to use; see "push" above. DISCUSSION ---------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt index 9f3a78a36c..81cab9aefb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-status.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt @@ -97,8 +97,27 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1]. (and suppresses the output of submodule summaries when the config option `status.submoduleSummary` is set). ---ignored:: +--ignored[=<mode>]:: Show ignored files as well. ++ +The mode parameter is used to specify the handling of ignored files. +It is optional: it defaults to 'traditional'. ++ +The possible options are: ++ + - 'traditional' - Shows ignored files and directories, unless + --untracked-files=all is specifed, in which case + individual files in ignored directories are + displayed. + - 'no' - Show no ignored files. + - 'matching' - Shows ignored files and directories matching an + ignore pattern. ++ +When 'matching' mode is specified, paths that explicity match an +ignored pattern are shown. If a directory matches an ignore pattern, +then it is shown, but not paths contained in the ignored directory. If +a directory does not match an ignore pattern, but all contents are +ignored, then the directory is not shown, but all contents are shown. -z:: Terminate entries with NUL, instead of LF. This implies @@ -368,6 +387,19 @@ ignored submodules you can either use the --ignore-submodules=dirty command line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does not honor these settings. +BACKGROUND REFRESH +------------------ + +By default, `git status` will automatically refresh the index, updating +the cached stat information from the working tree and writing out the +result. Writing out the updated index is an optimization that isn't +strictly necessary (`status` computes the values for itself, but writing +them out is just to save subsequent programs from repeating our +computation). When `status` is run in the background, the lock held +during the write may conflict with other simultaneous processes, causing +them to fail. Scripts running `status` in the background should consider +using `git --no-optional-locks status` (see linkgit:git[1] for details). + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:gitignore[5] diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt index 75c7dd9dea..bdb0342593 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt @@ -16,9 +16,11 @@ SYNOPSIS [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--[no-]assume-unchanged] [--[no-]skip-worktree] + [--[no-]fsmonitor-valid] [--ignore-submodules] [--[no-]split-index] [--[no-|test-|force-]untracked-cache] + [--[no-]fsmonitor] [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g] [--info-only] [--index-info] [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>] @@ -111,6 +113,12 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually. set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information. +--[no-]fsmonitor-valid:: + When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded + for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options + set and unset the "fsmonitor valid" bit for the paths. See + section "File System Monitor" below for more information. + -g:: --again:: Runs 'git update-index' itself on the paths whose index @@ -201,6 +209,15 @@ will remove the intended effect of the option. `--untracked-cache` used to imply `--test-untracked-cache` but this option would enable the extension unconditionally. +--fsmonitor:: +--no-fsmonitor:: + Enable or disable files system monitor feature. These options + take effect whatever the value of the `core.fsmonitor` + configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). But a warning + is emitted when the change goes against the configured value, as + the configured value will take effect next time the index is + read and this will remove the intended effect of the option. + \--:: Do not interpret any more arguments as options. @@ -447,6 +464,34 @@ command reads the index; while when `--[no-|force-]untracked-cache` are used, the untracked cache is immediately added to or removed from the index. +File System Monitor +------------------- + +This feature is intended to speed up git operations for repos that have +large working directories. + +It enables git to work together with a file system monitor (see the +"fsmonitor-watchman" section of linkgit:githooks[5]) that can +inform it as to what files have been modified. This enables git to avoid +having to lstat() every file to find modified files. + +When used in conjunction with the untracked cache, it can further improve +performance by avoiding the cost of scanning the entire working directory +looking for new files. + +If you want to enable (or disable) this feature, it is easier to use +the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable (see +linkgit:git-config[1]) than using the `--fsmonitor` option to +`git update-index` in each repository, especially if you want to do so +across all repositories you use, because you can set the configuration +variable to `true` (or `false`) in your `$HOME/.gitconfig` just once +and have it affect all repositories you touch. + +When the `core.fsmonitor` configuration variable is changed, the +file system monitor is added to or removed from the index the next time +a command reads the index. When `--[no-]fsmonitor` are used, the file +system monitor is immediately added to or removed from the index. + Configuration ------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt index b472acc356..f850e8ffb6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<branch>] +'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>] 'git worktree list' [--porcelain] 'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree> 'git worktree prune' [-n] [-v] [--expire <expire>] @@ -45,14 +45,22 @@ specifying `--reason` to explain why the working tree is locked. COMMANDS -------- -add <path> [<branch>]:: +add <path> [<commit-ish>]:: -Create `<path>` and checkout `<branch>` into it. The new working directory +Create `<path>` and checkout `<commit-ish>` into it. The new working directory is linked to the current repository, sharing everything except working directory specific files such as HEAD, index, etc. `-` may also be -specified as `<branch>`; it is synonymous with `@{-1}`. +specified as `<commit-ish>`; it is synonymous with `@{-1}`. + -If `<branch>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used, +If <commit-ish> is a branch name (call it `<branch>` and is not found, +and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` are used, but there does +exist a tracking branch in exactly one remote (call it `<remote>`) +with a matching name, treat as equivalent to +------------ +$ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch> +------------ ++ +If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used, then, as a convenience, a new branch based at HEAD is created automatically, as if `-b $(basename <path>)` was specified. @@ -84,29 +92,45 @@ OPTIONS -f:: --force:: - By default, `add` refuses to create a new working tree when `<branch>` + By default, `add` refuses to create a new working tree when `<commit-ish>` is a branch name and is already checked out by another working tree. This option overrides that safeguard. -b <new-branch>:: -B <new-branch>:: With `add`, create a new branch named `<new-branch>` starting at - `<branch>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree. - If `<branch>` is omitted, it defaults to HEAD. + `<commit-ish>`, and check out `<new-branch>` into the new working tree. + If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, it defaults to HEAD. By default, `-b` refuses to create a new branch if it already exists. `-B` overrides this safeguard, resetting `<new-branch>` to - `<branch>`. + `<commit-ish>`. --detach:: With `add`, detach HEAD in the new working tree. See "DETACHED HEAD" in linkgit:git-checkout[1]. --[no-]checkout:: - By default, `add` checks out `<branch>`, however, `--no-checkout` can + By default, `add` checks out `<commit-ish>`, however, `--no-checkout` can be used to suppress checkout in order to make customizations, such as configuring sparse-checkout. See "Sparse checkout" in linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. +--[no-]guess-remote:: + With `worktree add <path>`, without `<commit-ish>`, instead + of creating a new branch from HEAD, if there exists a tracking + branch in exactly one remote matching the basename of `<path>, + base the new branch on the remote-tracking branch, and mark + the remote-tracking branch as "upstream" from the new branch. ++ +This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the +`worktree.guessRemote` config option. + +--[no-]track:: + When creating a new branch, if `<commit-ish>` is a branch, + mark it as "upstream" from the new branch. This is the + default if `<commit-ish>` is a remote-tracking branch. See + "--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details. + --lock:: Keep the working tree locked after creation. This is the equivalent of `git worktree lock` after `git worktree add`, diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 6ec871b910..3f4161a799 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -522,11 +522,10 @@ other If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch' and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system. - The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the - 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell - command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by - `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies - something other than the default SSH port. + The command-line parameters passed to the configured command are + determined by the ssh variant. See `ssh.variant` option in + linkgit:git-config[1] for details. + + `$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included. @@ -595,6 +594,10 @@ into it. Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or "false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages. +`GIT_TRACE_FSMONITOR`:: + Enables trace messages for the filesystem monitor extension. + See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options. + `GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`:: Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is @@ -701,6 +704,12 @@ of clones and fetches. which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands. See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details. +`GIT_PROTOCOL`:: + For internal use only. Used in handshaking the wire protocol. + Contains a colon ':' separated list of keys with optional values + 'key[=value]'. Presence of unknown keys and values must be + ignored. + `GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS`:: If set to `0`, Git will complete any requested operation without performing any optional sub-operations that require taking a lock. @@ -709,6 +718,24 @@ of clones and fetches. the background which do not want to cause lock contention with other operations on the repository. Defaults to `1`. +`GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN`:: +`GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT`:: +`GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR`:: + Windows-only: allow redirecting the standard input/output/error + handles to paths specified by the environment variables. This is + particularly useful in multi-threaded applications where the + canonical way to pass standard handles via `CreateProcess()` is + not an option because it would require the handles to be marked + inheritable (and consequently *every* spawned process would + inherit them, possibly blocking regular Git operations). The + primary intended use case is to use named pipes for communication + (e.g. `\\.\pipe\my-git-stdin-123`). ++ +Two special values are supported: `off` will simply close the +corresponding standard handle, and if `GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR` is +`2>&1`, standard error will be redirected to the same handle as +standard output. + `GIT_PRINT_SHA1_ELLIPSIS` (deprecated):: If set to `yes`, print an ellipsis following an (abbreviated) SHA-1 value. This affects indications of diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index 4c68bc19d5..30687de81a 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -232,8 +232,7 @@ From a clean working directory: ------------------------------------------------- $ echo "* text=auto" >.gitattributes -$ git read-tree --empty # Clean index, force re-scan of working directory -$ git add . +$ git add --renormalize . $ git status # Show files that will be normalized $ git commit -m "Introduce end-of-line normalization" ------------------------------------------------- @@ -328,6 +327,9 @@ You can declare that a filter turns a content that by itself is unusable into a usable content by setting the filter.<driver>.required configuration variable to `true`. +Note: Whenever the clean filter is changed, the repo should be renormalized: +$ git add --renormalize . + For example, in .gitattributes, you would assign the `filter` attribute for paths. diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index 5d3f45560e..b63f2ea860 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ to the user by writing to standard error. pre-receive ~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository, -which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository. +This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to +'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. Just before starting to update refs on the remote repository, the pre-receive hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of the update. @@ -264,8 +264,8 @@ linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for some caveats. update ~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository, -which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository. +This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to +'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. Just before updating the ref on the remote repository, the update hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of the ref update. @@ -309,8 +309,8 @@ unannotated tags to be pushed. post-receive ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository, -which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository. +This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to +'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have been updated. @@ -348,8 +348,8 @@ will be set to zero, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0`. post-update ~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository, -which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository. +This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to +'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have been updated. @@ -379,8 +379,8 @@ for the user. push-to-checkout ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository, -which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository, when +This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to +'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out and the `receive.denyCurrentBranch` configuration variable is set to `updateInstead`. Such a push by default is refused if the working @@ -454,6 +454,34 @@ the name of the file that holds the e-mail to be sent. Exiting with a non-zero status causes 'git send-email' to abort before sending any e-mails. +fsmonitor-watchman +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This hook is invoked when the configuration option core.fsmonitor is +set to .git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman. It takes two arguments, a version +(currently 1) and the time in elapsed nanoseconds since midnight, +January 1, 1970. + +The hook should output to stdout the list of all files in the working +directory that may have changed since the requested time. The logic +should be inclusive so that it does not miss any potential changes. +The paths should be relative to the root of the working directory +and be separated by a single NUL. + +It is OK to include files which have not actually changed. All changes +including newly-created and deleted files should be included. When +files are renamed, both the old and the new name should be included. + +Git will limit what files it checks for changes as well as which +directories are checked for untracked files based on the path names +given. + +An optimized way to tell git "all files have changed" is to return +the filename '/'. + +The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the +hook to limit its search. On error, it will fall back to verifying +all files and folders. GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt index adf9554ad2..c60bcad44a 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt @@ -208,6 +208,10 @@ info/exclude:: 'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look at it. See also: linkgit:gitignore[5]. +info/attributes:: + Defines which attributes to assign to a path, similar to per-directory + `.gitattributes` files. See also: linkgit:gitattributes[5]. + info/sparse-checkout:: This file stores sparse checkout patterns. See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt index a09d597463..fd5d748d1b 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt @@ -58,11 +58,12 @@ diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];; ignore-space-change;; ignore-all-space;; ignore-space-at-eol;; +ignore-cr-at-eol;; Treats lines with the indicated type of whitespace change as unchanged for the sake of a three-way merge. Whitespace changes mixed with other changes to a line are not ignored. - See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `-b`, `-w`, and - `--ignore-space-at-eol`. + See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `-b`, `-w`, + `--ignore-space-at-eol`, and `--ignore-cr-at-eol`. + * If 'their' version only introduces whitespace changes to a line, 'our' version is used; diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt index 6c77b4920c..7fae00f44f 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt @@ -22,16 +22,20 @@ The notable options are: `flags`:: - A bit-field of options (the `*IGNORED*` flags are mutually exclusive): + A bit-field of options: `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`::: - Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked files. + Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked + files. This flag is mutually exclusive with + `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`. `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`::: - Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in `ignored[]` - in addition to untracked files in `entries[]`. + Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in + `ignored[]` in addition to untracked files in + `entries[]`. This flag is mutually exclusive with + `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`. `DIR_KEEP_UNTRACKED_CONTENTS`::: @@ -39,6 +43,21 @@ The notable options are: untracked contents of untracked directories are also returned in `entries[]`. +`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO_MODE_MATCHING`::: + + Only has meaning if `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` is also set; if + this is set, returns ignored files and directories that match + an exclude pattern. If a directory matches an exclude pattern, + then the directory is returned and the contained paths are + not. A directory that does not match an exclude pattern will + not be returned even if all of its contents are ignored. In + this case, the contents are returned as individual entries. ++ +If this is set, files and directories that explicity match an ignore +pattern are reported. Implicity ignored directories (directories that +do not match an ignore pattern, but whose contents are all ignored) +are not reported, instead all of the contents are reported. + `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`::: Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt index 1c561bdd92..a0e45f2889 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt @@ -219,6 +219,10 @@ smart server reply: S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n +The client may send Extra Parameters (see +Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt) as a colon-separated string +in the Git-Protocol HTTP header. + Dumb Server Response ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format. @@ -269,7 +273,11 @@ the C locale ordering. The stream SHOULD include the default ref named `HEAD` as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability declarations behind a NUL on the first ref. +The returned response contains "version 1" if "version=1" was sent as an +Extra Parameter. + smart_reply = PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF) + *1("version 1") ref_list "0000" ref_list = empty_list / non_empty_list diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt index ade0b0c445..db3572626b 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt @@ -295,3 +295,22 @@ The remaining data of each directory block is grouped by type: in the previous ewah bitmap. - One NUL. + +== File System Monitor cache + + The file system monitor cache tracks files for which the core.fsmonitor + hook has told us about changes. The signature for this extension is + { 'F', 'S', 'M', 'N' }. + + The extension starts with + + - 32-bit version number: the current supported version is 1. + + - 64-bit time: the extension data reflects all changes through the given + time which is stored as the nanoseconds elapsed since midnight, + January 1, 1970. + + - 32-bit bitmap size: the size of the CE_FSMONITOR_VALID bitmap. + + - An ewah bitmap, the n-th bit indicates whether the n-th index entry + is not CE_FSMONITOR_VALID. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt index ed1eae8b83..cd31edc91e 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt @@ -39,6 +39,19 @@ communicates with that invoked process over the SSH connection. The file:// transport runs the 'upload-pack' or 'receive-pack' process locally and communicates with it over a pipe. +Extra Parameters +---------------- + +The protocol provides a mechanism in which clients can send additional +information in its first message to the server. These are called "Extra +Parameters", and are supported by the Git, SSH, and HTTP protocols. + +Each Extra Parameter takes the form of `<key>=<value>` or `<key>`. + +Servers that receive any such Extra Parameters MUST ignore all +unrecognized keys. Currently, the only Extra Parameter recognized is +"version=1". + Git Transport ------------- @@ -46,18 +59,25 @@ The Git transport starts off by sending the command and repository on the wire using the pkt-line format, followed by a NUL byte and a hostname parameter, terminated by a NUL byte. - 0032git-upload-pack /project.git\0host=myserver.com\0 + 0033git-upload-pack /project.git\0host=myserver.com\0 + +The transport may send Extra Parameters by adding an additional NUL +byte, and then adding one or more NUL-terminated strings: + + 003egit-upload-pack /project.git\0host=myserver.com\0\0version=1\0 -- - git-proto-request = request-command SP pathname NUL [ host-parameter NUL ] + git-proto-request = request-command SP pathname NUL + [ host-parameter NUL ] [ NUL extra-parameters ] request-command = "git-upload-pack" / "git-receive-pack" / "git-upload-archive" ; case sensitive pathname = *( %x01-ff ) ; exclude NUL host-parameter = "host=" hostname [ ":" port ] + extra-parameters = 1*extra-parameter + extra-parameter = 1*( %x01-ff ) NUL -- -Only host-parameter is allowed in the git-proto-request. Clients -MUST NOT attempt to send additional parameters. It is used for the +host-parameter is used for the git-daemon name based virtual hosting. See --interpolated-path option to git daemon, with the %H/%CH format characters. @@ -117,6 +137,12 @@ we execute it without the leading '/'. v ssh user@example.com "git-upload-pack '~alice/project.git'" +Depending on the value of the `protocol.version` configuration variable, +Git may attempt to send Extra Parameters as a colon-separated string in +the GIT_PROTOCOL environment variable. This is done only if +the `ssh.variant` configuration variable indicates that the ssh command +supports passing environment variables as an argument. + A few things to remember here: - The "command name" is spelled with dash (e.g. git-upload-pack), but @@ -137,11 +163,13 @@ Reference Discovery ------------------- When the client initially connects the server will immediately respond -with a listing of each reference it has (all branches and tags) along +with a version number (if "version=1" is sent as an Extra Parameter), +and a listing of each reference it has (all branches and tags) along with the object name that each reference currently points to. - $ echo -e -n "0039git-upload-pack /schacon/gitbook.git\0host=example.com\0" | + $ echo -e -n "0044git-upload-pack /schacon/gitbook.git\0host=example.com\0\0version=1\0" | nc -v example.com 9418 + 000aversion 1 00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag 00441d3fcd5ced445d1abc402225c0b8a1299641f497 refs/heads/integration @@ -165,7 +193,8 @@ immediately after the ref itself, if presented. A conforming server MUST peel the ref if it's an annotated tag. ---- - advertised-refs = (no-refs / list-of-refs) + advertised-refs = *1("version 1") + (no-refs / list-of-refs) *shallow flush-pkt |