diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
42 files changed, 667 insertions, 292 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index e3af089ecf..711cb9171e 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -551,6 +551,51 @@ Writing Documentation: documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the Documentation/SubmittingPatches file). + In order to ensure the documentation is inclusive, avoid assuming + that an unspecified example person is male or female, and think + twice before using "he", "him", "she", or "her". Here are some + tips to avoid use of gendered pronouns: + + - Prefer succinctness and matter-of-factly describing functionality + in the abstract. E.g. + + --short:: Emit output in the short-format. + + and avoid something like these overly verbose alternatives: + + --short:: Use this to emit output in the short-format. + --short:: You can use this to get output in the short-format. + --short:: A user who prefers shorter output could.... + --short:: Should a person and/or program want shorter output, he + she/they/it can... + + This practice often eliminates the need to involve human actors in + your description, but it is a good practice regardless of the + avoidance of gendered pronouns. + + - When it becomes awkward to stick to this style, prefer "you" when + addressing the the hypothetical user, and possibly "we" when + discussing how the program might react to the user. E.g. + + You can use this option instead of --xyz, but we might remove + support for it in future versions. + + while keeping in mind that you can probably be less verbose, e.g. + + Use this instead of --xyz. This option might be removed in future + versions. + + - If you still need to refer to an example person that is + third-person singular, you may resort to "singular they" to avoid + "he/she/him/her", e.g. + + A contributor asks their upstream to pull from them. + + Note that this sounds ungrammatical and unnatural to those who + learned that "they" is only used for third-person plural, e.g. + those who learn English as a second language in some parts of the + world. + Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation. The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing conventions. diff --git a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt index af0a9da62e..015cf24631 100644 --- a/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt +++ b/Documentation/MyFirstContribution.txt @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Veteran contributors who are especially interested in helping mentor newcomers are present on the list. In order to avoid search indexers, group membership is required to view messages; anyone can join and no approval is required. -==== https://webchat.freenode.net/#git-devel[#git-devel] on Freenode +==== https://web.libera.chat/#git-devel[#git-devel] on Libera Chat This IRC channel is for conversations between Git contributors. If someone is currently online and knows the answer to your question, you can receive help @@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ either examining recent pull requests where someone has been granted `/allow` (https://github.com/gitgitgadget/git/pulls?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Apr+is%3Aopen+%22%2Fallow%22[Search: is:pr is:open "/allow"]), in which case both the author and the person who granted the `/allow` can now `/allow` you, or by inquiring on the -https://webchat.freenode.net/#git-devel[#git-devel] IRC channel on Freenode +https://web.libera.chat/#git-devel[#git-devel] IRC channel on Libera Chat linking your pull request and asking for someone to `/allow` you. If the CI fails, you can update your changes with `git rebase -i` and push your diff --git a/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt b/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt index 2d10eea7a9..45eb84d8b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt +++ b/Documentation/MyFirstObjectWalk.txt @@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ help understand. In our case, that means we omit trees and blobs not directly referenced by `HEAD` or `HEAD`'s history, because we begin the walk with only `HEAD` in the `pending` list.) -First, we'll need to `#include "list-objects-filter-options.h`" and set up the +First, we'll need to `#include "list-objects-filter-options.h"` and set up the `struct list_objects_filter_options` at the top of the function. ---- @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ Count all the objects within and modify the print statement: while ((oid = oidset_iter_next(&oit))) omitted_count++; - printf("commits %d\nblobs %d\ntags %d\ntrees%d\nomitted %d\n", + printf("commits %d\nblobs %d\ntags %d\ntrees %d\nomitted %d\n", commit_count, blob_count, tag_count, tree_count, omitted_count); ---- diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt index ae0577836a..ad36c0f0b7 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Fixes since v1.6.0.2 if the working tree is currently dirty. * "git for-each-ref --format=%(subject)" fixed for commits with no - no newline in the message body. + newline in the message body. * "git remote" fixed to protect printf from user input. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt index 255e185af6..2e7529928b 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt @@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ details). (merge 2fbd4f9 mh/maint-lockfile-overflow later to maint). * Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were - counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the + counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -", which took the user to an unexpected place. (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt index 06ba2f803f..1f41302ebb 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.29.0.txt @@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. the ref backend in use, as its format is much richer than the normal refs, and written directly by "git fetch" as a plain file.. - * An unused binary has been discarded, and and a bunch of commands - have been turned into into built-in. + * An unused binary has been discarded, and a bunch of commands + have been turned into built-in. * A handful of places in in-tree code still relied on being able to execute the git subcommands, especially built-ins, in "git-foo" diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.33.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.33.0.txt index 57443c7466..893c18bfdd 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.33.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.33.0.txt @@ -1,18 +1,6 @@ Git 2.33 Release Notes ====================== -Backward compatibility notes ----------------------------- - - * The "-m" option in "git log -m" that does not specify which format, - if any, of diff is desired did not have any visible effect; it now - implies some form of diff (by default "--patch") is produced. - - You can disable the diff output with "git log -m --no-patch", but - then there probably isn't much point in passing "-m" in the first - place ;-). - - Updates since Git 2.32 ---------------------- @@ -24,9 +12,13 @@ UI, Workflows & Features "smtp-server" that is meant to name the server to instead name the command to talk to the server. - * The "-m" option in "git log -m" that does not specify which format, - if any, of diff is desired did not have any visible effect; it now - implies some form of diff (by default "--patch") is produced. + * The userdiff pattern for C# learned the token "record". + + * "git rev-list" learns to omit the "commit <object-name>" header + lines from the output with the `--no-commit-header` option. + + * "git worktree add --lock" learned to record why the worktree is + locked with a custom message. Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. @@ -40,7 +32,60 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. reduce code duplication. * Repeated rename detections in a sequence of mergy operations have - been optimize out. + been optimized out for the 'ort' merge strategy. + + * Preliminary clean-up of tests before the main reftable changes + hits the codebase. + + * The backend for "diff -G/-S" has been updated to use pcre2 engine + when available. + + * Use ".DELETE_ON_ERROR" pseudo target to simplify our Makefile. + + * Code cleanup around struct_type_init() functions. + + * "git send-email" optimization. + + * GitHub Actions / CI update. + (merge 0dc787a9f2 js/ci-windows-update later to maint). + + * Object accesses in repositories with many alternate object store + have been optimized. + + * "git log" has been optimized not to waste cycles to load ref + decoration data that may not be needed. + + * Many "printf"-like helper functions we have have been annotated + with __attribute__() to catch placeholder/parameter mismatches. + + * Tests that cover protocol bits have been updated and helpers + used there have been consolidated. + + * The CI gained a new job to run "make sparse" check. + + * "git status" codepath learned to work with sparsely populated index + without hydrating it fully. + + * A guideline for gender neutral documentation has been added. + + * Documentation on "git diff -l<n>" and diff.renameLimit have been + updated, and the defaults for these limits have been raised. + + * The completion support used to offer alternate spelling of options + that exist only for compatibility, which has been corrected. + + * "TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=there make test" failed to work, which has + been corrected. + + * "git bundle" gained more test coverage. + + * "git read-tree" had a codepath where blobs are fetched one-by-one + from the promisor remote, which has been corrected to fetch in bulk. + + * Rewrite of "git submodule" in C continues. + + * "git checkout" and "git commit" learn to work without unnecessarily + expanding sparse indexes. Fixes since v2.32 @@ -68,6 +113,127 @@ Fixes since v2.32 the other side. (merge ae1a7eefff jk/fetch-pack-v2-half-close-early later to maint). + * The command line completion (in contrib/) learned that "git diff" + takes the "--anchored" option. + (merge d1e7c2cac9 tb/complete-diff-anchored later to maint). + + * "git-svn" tests assumed that "locale -a", which is used to pick an + available UTF-8 locale, is available everywhere. A knob has been + introduced to allow testers to specify a suitable locale to use. + (merge 482c962de4 dd/svn-test-wo-locale-a later to maint). + + * Update "git subtree" to work better on Windows. + (merge 77f37de39f js/subtree-on-windows-fix later to maint). + + * Remove multimail from contrib/ + (merge f74d11471f js/no-more-multimail later to maint). + + * Make the codebase MSAN clean. + (merge 4dbc55e87d ah/uninitialized-reads-fix later to maint). + + * Work around inefficient glob substitution in older versions of bash + by rewriting parts of a test. + (merge eb87c6f559 jx/t6020-with-older-bash later to maint). + + * Avoid duplicated work while building reachability bitmaps. + (merge aa9ad6fee5 jk/bitmap-tree-optim later to maint). + + * We broke "GIT_SKIP_TESTS=t?000" to skip certain tests in recent + update, which got fixed. + + * The side-band demultiplexer that is used to display progress output + from the remote end did not clear the line properly when the end of + line hits at a packet boundary, which has been corrected. + + * Some test scripts assumed that readlink(1) was universally + installed and available, which is not the case. + (merge 7c0afdf23c jk/test-without-readlink-1 later to maint). + + * Recent update to completion script (in contrib/) broke those who + use the __git_complete helper to define completion to their custom + command. + (merge cea232194d fw/complete-cmd-idx-fix later to maint). + + * Output from some of our tests were affected by the width of the + terminal that they were run in, which has been corrected by + exporting a fixed value in the COLUMNS environment. + (merge c49a177bec ab/fix-columns-to-80-during-tests later to maint). + + * On Windows, mergetool has been taught to find kdiff3.exe just like + it finds winmerge.exe. + (merge 47eb4c6890 ms/mergetools-kdiff3-on-windows later to maint). + + * When we cannot figure out how wide the terminal is, we use a + fallback value of 80 ourselves (which cannot be avoided), but when + we run the pager, we export it in COLUMNS, which forces the pager + to use the hardcoded value, even when the pager is perfectly + capable to figure it out itself. Stop exporting COLUMNS when we + fall back on the hardcoded default value for our own use. + (merge 9b6e2c8b98 js/stop-exporting-bogus-columns later to maint). + + * "git cat-file --batch-all-objects"" misbehaved when "--batch" is in + use and did not ask for certain object traits. + (merge ee02ac6164 zh/cat-file-batch-fix later to maint). + + * Some code and doc clarification around "git push". + + * The "union" conflict resultion variant misbehaved when used with + binary merge driver. + (merge 382b601acd jk/union-merge-binary later to maint). + + * Prevent "git p4" from failing to submit changes to binary file. + (merge 54662d5958 dc/p4-binary-submit-fix later to maint). + + * "git grep --and -e foo" ought to have been diagnosed as an error + but instead segfaulted, which has been corrected. + (merge fe7fe62d8d rs/grep-parser-fix later to maint). + + * The merge code had funny interactions between content based rename + detection and directory rename detection. + (merge 3585d0ea23 en/merge-dir-rename-corner-case-fix later to maint). + + * When rebuilding the multi-pack index file reusing an existing one, + we used to blindly trust the existing file and ended up carrying + corrupted data into the updated file, which has been corrected. + (merge f89ecf7988 tb/midx-use-checksum later to maint). + + * Update the location of system-side configuration file on Windows. + (merge e355307692 js/gfw-system-config-loc-fix later to maint). + + * Code recently added to support common ancestry negotiation during + "git push" did not sanity check its arguments carefully enough. + (merge eff40457a4 ab/fetch-negotiate-segv-fix later to maint). + + * Update the documentation not to assume users are of certain gender + and adds to guidelines to do so. + (merge 46a237f42f ds/gender-neutral-doc later to maint). + + * "git commit --allow-empty-message" won't abort the operation upon + an empty message, but the hint shown in the editor said otherwise. + (merge 6f70f00b4f hj/commit-allow-empty-message later to maint). + + * The code that gives an error message in "git multi-pack-index" when + no subcommand is given tried to print a NULL pointer as a strong, + which has been corrected. + (merge 88617d11f9 tb/reverse-midx later to maint). + + * CI update. + (merge a066a90db6 js/ci-check-whitespace-updates later to maint). + + * Documentation fix for "git pull --rebase=no". + (merge d3236becec fc/pull-no-rebase-merges-theirs-into-ours later to maint). + + * A race between repacking and using pack bitmaps has been corrected. + (merge dc1daacdcc jk/check-pack-valid-before-opening-bitmap later to maint). + + * The local changes stashed by "git merge --autostash" were lost when + the merge failed in certain ways, which has been corrected. + + * Windows rmdir() equivalent behaves differently from POSIX ones in + that when used on a symbolic link that points at a directory, the + target directory gets removed, which has been corrected. + (merge 3e7d4888e5 tb/mingw-rmdir-symlink-to-directory later to maint). + * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc. (merge bfe35a6165 ah/doc-describe later to maint). (merge f302c1e4aa jc/clarify-revision-range later to maint). @@ -76,3 +242,38 @@ Fixes since v2.32 (merge 4e0a64a713 ab/trace2-squelch-gcc-warning later to maint). (merge 225f7fa847 ps/rev-list-object-type-filter later to maint). (merge 5317dfeaed dd/honor-users-tar-in-tests later to maint). + (merge ace6d8e3d6 tk/partial-clone-repack-doc later to maint). + (merge 7ba68e0cf1 js/trace2-discard-event-docfix later to maint). + (merge 8603c419d3 fc/doc-default-to-upstream-config later to maint). + (merge 1d72b604ef jk/revision-squelch-gcc-warning later to maint). + (merge abcb66c614 ar/typofix later to maint). + (merge 9853830787 ah/graph-typofix later to maint). + (merge aac578492d ab/config-hooks-path-testfix later to maint). + (merge 98c7656a18 ar/more-typofix later to maint). + (merge 6fb9195f6c jk/doc-max-pack-size later to maint). + (merge 4184cbd635 ar/mailinfo-memcmp-to-skip-prefix later to maint). + (merge 91d2347033 ar/doc-libera-chat-in-my-first-contrib later to maint). + (merge 338abb0f04 ab/cmd-foo-should-return later to maint). + (merge 546096a5cb ab/xdiff-bug-cleanup later to maint). + (merge b7b793d1e7 ab/progress-cleanup later to maint). + (merge d94f9b8e90 ba/object-info later to maint). + (merge 52ff891c03 ar/test-code-cleanup later to maint). + (merge a0538e5c8b dd/document-log-decorate-default later to maint). + (merge ce24797d38 mr/cmake later to maint). + (merge 9eb542f2ee ab/pre-auto-gc-hook-test later to maint). + (merge 9fffc38583 bk/doc-commit-typofix later to maint). + (merge 1cf823d8f0 ks/submodule-cleanup later to maint). + (merge ebbf5d2b70 js/config-mak-windows-pcre-fix later to maint). + (merge 617480d75b hn/refs-iterator-peel-returns-boolean later to maint). + (merge 6a24cc71ed ar/submodule-helper-include-cleanup later to maint). + (merge 5632e838f8 rs/khash-alloc-cleanup later to maint). + (merge b1d87fbaf1 jk/typofix later to maint). + (merge e04170697a ab/gitignore-discovery-doc later to maint). + (merge 8232a0ff48 dl/packet-read-response-end-fix later to maint). + (merge eb448631fb dl/diff-merge-base later to maint). + (merge c510928a25 hn/refs-debug-empty-prefix later to maint). + (merge ddcb189d9d tb/bitmap-type-filter-comment-fix later to maint). + (merge 878b399734 pb/submodule-recurse-doc later to maint). + (merge 734283855f jk/config-env-doc later to maint). + (merge 482e1488a9 ab/getcwd-test later to maint). + (merge f0b922473e ar/doc-markup-fix later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt index 27320b6a9f..38453281b8 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.8.0.txt @@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ notes for details). on that order. * "git show 'HEAD:Foo[BAR]Baz'" did not interpret the argument as a - rev, i.e. the object named by the the pathname with wildcard + rev, i.e. the object named by the pathname with wildcard characters in a tree object. (merge aac4fac nd/dwim-wildcards-as-pathspecs later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index 55287d72e0..e409022d93 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -74,10 +74,9 @@ the feature triggers the new behavior when it should, and to show the feature does not trigger when it shouldn't. After any code change, make sure that the entire test suite passes. -If you have an account at GitHub (and you can get one for free to work -on open source projects), you can use their Travis CI integration to -test your changes on Linux, Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). See -GitHub-Travis CI hints section for details. +Pushing to a fork of https://github.com/git/git will use their CI +integration to test your changes on Linux, Mac and Windows. See the +<<GHCI,GitHub CI>> section for details. Do not forget to update the documentation to describe the updated behavior and make sure that the resulting documentation set formats @@ -167,6 +166,85 @@ or, on an older version of Git without support for --pretty=reference: git show -s --date=short --pretty='format:%h (%s, %ad)' <commit> .... +[[sign-off]] +=== Certify your work by adding your `Signed-off-by` trailer + +To improve tracking of who did what, we ask you to certify that you +wrote the patch or have the right to pass it on under the same license +as ours, by "signing off" your patch. Without sign-off, we cannot +accept your patches. + +If (and only if) you certify the below D-C-O: + +[[dco]] +.Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 +____ +By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: + +a. The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I + have the right to submit it under the open source license + indicated in the file; or + +b. The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best + of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source + license and I have the right under that license to submit that + work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part + by me, under the same open source license (unless I am + permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated + in the file; or + +c. The contribution was provided directly to me by some other + person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified + it. + +d. I understand and agree that this project and the contribution + are public and that a record of the contribution (including all + personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is + maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with + this project or the open source license(s) involved. +____ + +you add a "Signed-off-by" trailer to your commit, that looks like +this: + +.... + Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org> +.... + +This line can be added by Git if you run the git-commit command with +the -s option. + +Notice that you can place your own `Signed-off-by` trailer when +forwarding somebody else's patch with the above rules for +D-C-O. Indeed you are encouraged to do so. Do not forget to +place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute +the change to its true author (see (2) above). + +This procedure originally came from the Linux kernel project, so our +rule is quite similar to theirs, but what exactly it means to sign-off +your patch differs from project to project, so it may be different +from that of the project you are accustomed to. + +[[real-name]] +Also notice that a real name is used in the `Signed-off-by` trailer. Please +don't hide your real name. + +[[commit-trailers]] +If you like, you can put extra tags at the end: + +. `Reported-by:` is used to credit someone who found the bug that + the patch attempts to fix. +. `Acked-by:` says that the person who is more familiar with the area + the patch attempts to modify liked the patch. +. `Reviewed-by:`, unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the + reviewers themselves when they are completely satisfied with the + patch after a detailed analysis. +. `Tested-by:` is used to indicate that the person applied the patch + and found it to have the desired effect. + +You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage +such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:". + [[git-tools]] === Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits. @@ -302,86 +380,6 @@ Do not forget to add trailers such as `Acked-by:`, `Reviewed-by:` and `Tested-by:` lines as necessary to credit people who helped your patch, and "cc:" them when sending such a final version for inclusion. -[[sign-off]] -=== Certify your work by adding your `Signed-off-by` trailer - -To improve tracking of who did what, we ask you to certify that you -wrote the patch or have the right to pass it on under the same license -as ours, by "signing off" your patch. Without sign-off, we cannot -accept your patches. - -If (and only if) you certify the below D-C-O: - -[[dco]] -.Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1 -____ -By making a contribution to this project, I certify that: - -a. The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I - have the right to submit it under the open source license - indicated in the file; or - -b. The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best - of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source - license and I have the right under that license to submit that - work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part - by me, under the same open source license (unless I am - permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated - in the file; or - -c. The contribution was provided directly to me by some other - person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified - it. - -d. I understand and agree that this project and the contribution - are public and that a record of the contribution (including all - personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is - maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with - this project or the open source license(s) involved. -____ - -you add a "Signed-off-by" trailer to your commit, that looks like -this: - -.... - Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org> -.... - -This line can be added by Git if you run the git-commit command with -the -s option. - -Notice that you can place your own `Signed-off-by` trailer when -forwarding somebody else's patch with the above rules for -D-C-O. Indeed you are encouraged to do so. Do not forget to -place an in-body "From: " line at the beginning to properly attribute -the change to its true author (see (2) above). - -This procedure originally came from the Linux kernel project, so our -rule is quite similar to theirs, but what exactly it means to sign-off -your patch differs from project to project, so it may be different -from that of the project you are accustomed to. - -[[real-name]] -Also notice that a real name is used in the `Signed-off-by` trailer. Please -don't hide your real name. - -[[commit-trailers]] -If you like, you can put extra tags at the end: - -. `Reported-by:` is used to credit someone who found the bug that - the patch attempts to fix. -. `Acked-by:` says that the person who is more familiar with the area - the patch attempts to modify liked the patch. -. `Reviewed-by:`, unlike the other tags, can only be offered by the - reviewer and means that she is completely satisfied that the patch - is ready for application. It is usually offered only after a - detailed review. -. `Tested-by:` is used to indicate that the person applied the patch - and found it to have the desired effect. - -You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage -such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:". - == Subsystems with dedicated maintainers Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own @@ -450,13 +448,12 @@ their trees themselves. entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving the status of various proposed changes. -[[travis]] -== GitHub-Travis CI hints +== GitHub CI[[GHCI]]] -With an account at GitHub (you can get one for free to work on open -source projects), you can use Travis CI to test your changes on Linux, -Mac (and hopefully soon Windows). You can find a successful example -test build here: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/builds/120473209 +With an account at GitHub, you can use GitHub CI to test your changes +on Linux, Mac and Windows. See +https://github.com/git/git/actions/workflows/main.yml for examples of +recent CI runs. Follow these steps for the initial setup: @@ -464,31 +461,18 @@ Follow these steps for the initial setup: You can find detailed instructions how to fork here: https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/ -. Open the Travis CI website: https://travis-ci.org - -. Press the "Sign in with GitHub" button. - -. Grant Travis CI permissions to access your GitHub account. - You can find more information about the required permissions here: - https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/github-oauth-scopes - -. Open your Travis CI profile page: https://travis-ci.org/profile - -. Enable Travis CI builds for your Git fork. - -After the initial setup, Travis CI will run whenever you push new changes +After the initial setup, CI will run whenever you push new changes to your fork of Git on GitHub. You can monitor the test state of all your -branches here: https://travis-ci.org/__<Your GitHub handle>__/git/branches +branches here: https://github.com/<Your GitHub handle>/git/actions/workflows/main.yml If a branch did not pass all test cases then it is marked with a red -cross. In that case you can click on the failing Travis CI job and -scroll all the way down in the log. Find the line "<-- Click here to see -detailed test output!" and click on the triangle next to the log line -number to expand the detailed test output. Here is such a failing -example: https://travis-ci.org/git/git/jobs/122676187 - -Fix the problem and push your fix to your Git fork. This will trigger -a new Travis CI build to ensure all tests pass. +cross. In that case you can click on the failing job and navigate to +"ci/run-build-and-tests.sh" and/or "ci/print-test-failures.sh". You +can also download "Artifacts" which are tarred (or zipped) archives +with test data relevant for debugging. + +Then fix the problem and push your fix to your GitHub fork. This will +trigger a new CI build to ensure all tests pass. [[mua]] == MUA specific hints diff --git a/Documentation/config/blame.txt b/Documentation/config/blame.txt index 9468e8599c..4d047c1790 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/blame.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ blame.ignoreRevsFile:: file names will reset the list of ignored revisions. This option will be handled before the command line option `--ignore-revs-file`. -blame.markUnblamables:: +blame.markUnblamableLines:: Mark lines that were changed by an ignored revision that we could not attribute to another commit with a '*' in the output of linkgit:git-blame[1]. diff --git a/Documentation/config/diff.txt b/Documentation/config/diff.txt index 2d3331f55c..32f84838ac 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/diff.txt @@ -118,9 +118,10 @@ diff.orderFile:: relative to the top of the working tree. diff.renameLimit:: - The number of files to consider when performing the copy/rename - detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option `-l`. This setting - has no effect if rename detection is turned off. + The number of files to consider in the exhaustive portion of + copy/rename detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option + `-l`. If not set, the default value is currently 1000. This + setting has no effect if rename detection is turned off. diff.renames:: Whether and how Git detects renames. If set to "false", diff --git a/Documentation/config/fetch.txt b/Documentation/config/fetch.txt index 6af6f5edb2..63748c02b7 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/fetch.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/fetch.txt @@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ fetch.negotiationAlgorithm:: setting defaults to "skipping". Unknown values will cause 'git fetch' to error out. + -See also the `--negotiation-tip` option for linkgit:git-fetch[1]. +See also the `--negotiate-only` and `--negotiation-tip` options to +linkgit:git-fetch[1]. fetch.showForcedUpdates:: Set to false to enable `--no-show-forced-updates` in diff --git a/Documentation/config/merge.txt b/Documentation/config/merge.txt index cb2ed58907..e27cc63944 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/merge.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ merge.defaultToUpstream:: branches at the remote named by `branch.<current branch>.remote` are consulted, and then they are mapped via `remote.<remote>.fetch` to their corresponding remote-tracking branches, and the tips of - these tracking branches are merged. + these tracking branches are merged. Defaults to true. merge.ff:: By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging @@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ merge.verifySignatures:: include::fmt-merge-msg.txt[] merge.renameLimit:: - The number of files to consider when performing rename detection - during a merge; if not specified, defaults to the value of - diff.renameLimit. This setting has no effect if rename detection - is turned off. + The number of files to consider in the exhaustive portion of + rename detection during a merge. If not specified, defaults + to the value of diff.renameLimit. If neither + merge.renameLimit nor diff.renameLimit are specified, + currently defaults to 7000. This setting has no effect if + rename detection is turned off. merge.renames:: Whether Git detects renames. If set to "false", rename detection diff --git a/Documentation/config/pack.txt b/Documentation/config/pack.txt index c0844d8d8e..763f7af7c4 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/pack.txt @@ -99,12 +99,23 @@ pack.packSizeLimit:: packing to a file when repacking, i.e. the git:// protocol is unaffected. It can be overridden by the `--max-pack-size` option of linkgit:git-repack[1]. Reaching this limit results - in the creation of multiple packfiles; which in turn prevents - bitmaps from being created. - The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB. - The default is unlimited. - Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are - supported. + in the creation of multiple packfiles. ++ +Note that this option is rarely useful, and may result in a larger total +on-disk size (because Git will not store deltas between packs), as well +as worse runtime performance (object lookup within multiple packs is +slower than a single pack, and optimizations like reachability bitmaps +cannot cope with multiple packs). ++ +If you need to actively run Git using smaller packfiles (e.g., because your +filesystem does not support large files), this option may help. But if +your goal is to transmit a packfile over a medium that supports limited +sizes (e.g., removable media that cannot store the whole repository), +you are likely better off creating a single large packfile and splitting +it using a generic multi-volume archive tool (e.g., Unix `split`). ++ +The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB. The default is unlimited. +Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported. pack.useBitmaps:: When true, git will use pack bitmaps (if available) when packing diff --git a/Documentation/config/push.txt b/Documentation/config/push.txt index f2667b2689..632033638c 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/push.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/push.txt @@ -24,15 +24,14 @@ push.default:: * `tracking` - This is a deprecated synonym for `upstream`. -* `simple` - in centralized workflow, work like `upstream` with an - added safety to refuse to push if the upstream branch's name is - different from the local one. +* `simple` - pushes the current branch with the same name on the remote. + -When pushing to a remote that is different from the remote you normally -pull from, work as `current`. This is the safest option and is suited -for beginners. +If you are working on a centralized workflow (pushing to the same repository you +pull from, which is typically `origin`), then you need to configure an upstream +branch with the same name. + -This mode has become the default in Git 2.0. +This mode is the default since Git 2.0, and is the safest option suited for +beginners. * `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends. This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of diff --git a/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt b/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt index cbc5af42fd..50baa5d6bf 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/sendemail.txt @@ -8,9 +8,6 @@ sendemail.smtpEncryption:: See linkgit:git-send-email[1] for description. Note that this setting is not subject to the 'identity' mechanism. -sendemail.smtpssl (deprecated):: - Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpEncryption = ssl'. - sendemail.smtpsslcertpath:: Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file). Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification. diff --git a/Documentation/config/submodule.txt b/Documentation/config/submodule.txt index d7a63c8c12..ee454f8126 100644 --- a/Documentation/config/submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/config/submodule.txt @@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ submodule.active:: commands. See linkgit:gitsubmodules[7] for details. submodule.recurse:: - Specifies if commands recurse into submodules by default. This - applies to all commands that have a `--recurse-submodules` option + A boolean indicating if commands should enable the `--recurse-submodules` + option by default. + Applies to all commands that support this option (`checkout`, `fetch`, `grep`, `pull`, `push`, `read-tree`, `reset`, `restore` and `switch`) except `clone` and `ls-files`. Defaults to false. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 32e6dee5ac..c89d530d3d 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ ifdef::git-log[] --diff-merges=m::: -m::: This option makes diff output for merge commits to be shown in - the default format. The default format could be changed using + the default format. `-m` will produce the output only if `-p` + is given as well. The default format could be changed using `log.diffMerges` configuration parameter, which default value - is `separate`. `-m` implies `-p`. + is `separate`. + --diff-merges=first-parent::: --diff-merges=1::: @@ -61,8 +62,7 @@ ifdef::git-log[] --diff-merges=separate::: This makes merge commits show the full diff with respect to each of the parents. Separate log entry and diff is generated - for each parent. This is the format that `-m` produced - historically. + for each parent. + --diff-merges=combined::: --diff-merges=c::: @@ -588,11 +588,17 @@ When used together with `-B`, omit also the preimage in the deletion part of a delete/create pair. -l<num>:: - The `-M` and `-C` options require O(n^2) processing time where n - is the number of potential rename/copy targets. This - option prevents rename/copy detection from running if - the number of rename/copy targets exceeds the specified - number. + The `-M` and `-C` options involve some preliminary steps that + can detect subsets of renames/copies cheaply, followed by an + exhaustive fallback portion that compares all remaining + unpaired destinations to all relevant sources. (For renames, + only remaining unpaired sources are relevant; for copies, all + original sources are relevant.) For N sources and + destinations, this exhaustive check is O(N^2). This option + prevents the exhaustive portion of rename/copy detection from + running if the number of source/destination files involved + exceeds the specified number. Defaults to diff.renameLimit. + Note that a value of 0 is treated as unlimited. ifndef::git-format-patch[] --diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)...[*]]:: diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index 9e7b4e189c..e967ff1874 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -62,8 +62,17 @@ The argument to this option may be a glob on ref names, a ref, or the (possibly abbreviated) SHA-1 of a commit. Specifying a glob is equivalent to specifying this option multiple times, one for each matching ref name. + -See also the `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm` configuration variable -documented in linkgit:git-config[1]. +See also the `fetch.negotiationAlgorithm` and `push.negotiate` +configuration variables documented in linkgit:git-config[1], and the +`--negotiate-only` option below. + +--negotiate-only:: + Do not fetch anything from the server, and instead print the + ancestors of the provided `--negotiation-tip=*` arguments, + which we have in common with the server. ++ +Internally this is used to implement the `push.negotiate` option, see +linkgit:git-config[1]. --dry-run:: Show what would be done, without making any changes. diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 53804cad4b..ac0d003835 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -18,21 +18,48 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one -machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot -be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git, -ssh, http) cannot be used. - -The 'git bundle' command packages objects and references in an archive -at the originating machine, which can then be imported into another -repository using 'git fetch', 'git pull', or 'git clone', -after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet). - -As no -direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a -basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the -bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the -destination repository. +Create, unpack, and manipulate "bundle" files. Bundles are used for +the "offline" transfer of Git objects without an active "server" +sitting on the other side of the network connection. + +They can be used to create both incremental and full backups of a +repository, and to relay the state of the references in one repository +to another. + +Git commands that fetch or otherwise "read" via protocols such as +`ssh://` and `https://` can also operate on bundle files. It is +possible linkgit:git-clone[1] a new repository from a bundle, to use +linkgit:git-fetch[1] to fetch from one, and to list the references +contained within it with linkgit:git-ls-remote[1]. There's no +corresponding "write" support, i.e.a 'git push' into a bundle is not +supported. + +See the "EXAMPLES" section below for examples of how to use bundles. + +BUNDLE FORMAT +------------- + +Bundles are `.pack` files (see linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]) with a +header indicating what references are contained within the bundle. + +Like the the packed archive format itself bundles can either be +self-contained, or be created using exclusions. +See the "OBJECT PREREQUISITES" section below. + +Bundles created using revision exclusions are "thin packs" created +using the `--thin` option to linkgit:git-pack-objects[1], and +unbundled using the `--fix-thin` option to linkgit:git-index-pack[1]. + +There is no option to create a "thick pack" when using revision +exclusions, users should not be concerned about the difference. By +using "thin packs" bundles created using exclusions are smaller in +size. That they're "thin" under the hood is merely noted here as a +curiosity, and as a reference to other documentation + +See link:technical/bundle-format.html[the `bundle-format` +documentation] for more details and the discussion of "thin pack" in +link:technical/pack-format.html[the pack format documentation] for +further details. OPTIONS ------- @@ -117,28 +144,88 @@ unbundle <file>:: SPECIFYING REFERENCES --------------------- -'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by -'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References -such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for -defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more -than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not -contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be -specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g. -`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). +Revisions must accompanied by reference names to be packaged in a +bundle. + +More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one set of prerequisite objects can +be specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the +union of the prerequisites. + +The 'git bundle create' command resolves the reference names for you +using the same rules as `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref=loose`. Each +prerequisite can be specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly +(e.g. `master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). + +All of these simple cases are OK (assuming we have a "master" and +"next" branch): + +---------------- +$ git bundle create master.bundle master +$ echo master | git bundle create master.bundle --stdin +$ git bundle create master-and-next.bundle master next +$ (echo master; echo next) | git bundle create master-and-next.bundle --stdin +---------------- + +And so are these (and the same but omitted `--stdin` examples): + +---------------- +$ git bundle create recent-master.bundle master~10..master +$ git bundle create recent-updates.bundle master~10..master next~5..next +---------------- + +A revision name or a range whose right-hand-side cannot be resolved to +a reference is not accepted: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create HEAD.bundle $(git rev-parse HEAD) +fatal: Refusing to create empty bundle. +$ git bundle create master-yesterday.bundle master~10..master~5 +fatal: Refusing to create empty bundle. +---------------- + +OBJECT PREREQUISITES +-------------------- + +When creating bundles it is possible to create a self-contained bundle +that can be unbundled in a repository with no common history, as well +as providing negative revisions to exclude objects needed in the +earlier parts of the history. + +Feeding a revision such as `new` to `git bundle create` will create a +bundle file that contains all the objects reachable from the revision +`new`. That bundle can be unbundled in any repository to obtain a full +history that leads to the revision `new`: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create full.bundle new +---------------- + +A revision range such as `old..new` will produce a bundle file that +will require the revision `old` (and any objects reachable from it) +to exist for the bundle to be "unbundle"-able: + +---------------- +$ git bundle create full.bundle old..new +---------------- + +A self-contained bundle without any prerequisites can be extracted +into anywhere, even into an empty repository, or be cloned from +(i.e., `new`, but not `old..new`). -It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored when unpacking at the destination. -`git clone` can use any bundle created without negative refspecs -(e.g., `new`, but not `old..new`). If you want to match `git clone --mirror`, which would include your refs such as `refs/remotes/*`, use `--all`. If you want to provide the same set of refs that a clone directly from the source repository would get, use `--branches --tags` for the `<git-rev-list-args>`. +The 'git bundle verify' command can be used to check whether your +recipient repository has the required prerequisite commits for a +bundle. + EXAMPLES -------- @@ -149,7 +236,7 @@ but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1. To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have -any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last +any prerequisites. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository with an incremental bundle: @@ -200,7 +287,7 @@ machineB$ git pull If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the -basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go +prerequisites, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples: @@ -211,7 +298,7 @@ You can use a tag that is present in both: $ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master ---------------- -You can use a basis based on time: +You can use a prerequisite based on time: ---------------- $ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master @@ -224,7 +311,7 @@ $ git bundle create mybundle -10 master ---------------- You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle -that was created with a basis: +that was created with a prerequisite: ---------------- $ git bundle verify mybundle diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt index 340c5fbb48..95fec5f069 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ OPTIONS -p:: --patch:: - Use the interactive patch selection interface to chose + Use the interactive patch selection interface to choose which changes to commit. See linkgit:git-add[1] for details. diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index 5cddadafd2..2dc4bae6da 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ codes are: On success, the command returns the exit code 0. +[[OPTIONS]] OPTIONS ------- @@ -143,7 +144,13 @@ See also <<FILES>>. -f config-file:: --file config-file:: - Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG. + For writing options: write to the specified file rather than the + repository `.git/config`. ++ +For reading options: read only from the specified file rather than from all +available files. ++ +See also <<FILES>>. --blob blob:: Similar to `--file` but use the given blob instead of a file. E.g. @@ -325,21 +332,14 @@ All writing options will per default write to the repository specific configuration file. Note that this also affects options like `--replace-all` and `--unset`. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*. -You can override these rules either by command-line options or by environment -variables. The `--global`, `--system` and `--worktree` options will limit -the file used to the global, system-wide or per-worktree file respectively. -The `GIT_CONFIG` environment variable has a similar effect, but you -can specify any filename you want. +You can override these rules using the `--global`, `--system`, +`--local`, `--worktree`, and `--file` command-line options; see +<<OPTIONS>> above. ENVIRONMENT ----------- -GIT_CONFIG:: - Take the configuration from the given file instead of .git/config. - Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the - "--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig. - GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL:: GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM:: Take the configuration from the given files instead from global or @@ -367,6 +367,12 @@ This is useful for cases where you want to spawn multiple git commands with a common configuration but cannot depend on a configuration file, for example when writing scripts. +GIT_CONFIG:: + If no `--file` option is provided to `git config`, use the file + given by `GIT_CONFIG` as if it were provided via `--file`. This + variable has no effect on other Git commands, and is mostly for + historical compatibility; there is generally no reason to use it + instead of the `--file` option. [[EXAMPLES]] EXAMPLES diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt index 7f4c8a8ce7..6236c75c9b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt @@ -51,16 +51,20 @@ files on disk. --staged is a synonym of --cached. + If --merge-base is given, instead of using <commit>, use the merge base -of <commit> and HEAD. `git diff --merge-base A` is equivalent to -`git diff $(git merge-base A HEAD)`. +of <commit> and HEAD. `git diff --cached --merge-base A` is equivalent to +`git diff --cached $(git merge-base A HEAD)`. -'git diff' [<options>] <commit> [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] [--merge-base] <commit> [--] [<path>...]:: This form is to view the changes you have in your working tree relative to the named <commit>. You can use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a branch name to compare with the tip of a different branch. ++ +If --merge-base is given, instead of using <commit>, use the merge base +of <commit> and HEAD. `git diff --merge-base A` is equivalent to +`git diff $(git merge-base A HEAD)`. 'git diff' [<options>] [--merge-base] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt index 9067c2079e..550c16ca61 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ remember to run that, set `fetch.prune` globally, or linkgit:git-config[1]. Here's where things get tricky and more specific. The pruning feature -doesn't actually care about branches, instead it'll prune local <-> +doesn't actually care about branches, instead it'll prune local <--> remote-references as a function of the refspec of the remote (see `<refspec>` and <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> above). diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt index 1bbf865a1b..0498e7bacb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-log.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt @@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ OPTIONS full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are - shown. The default option is 'short'. + shown. The option `--decorate` is short-hand for `--decorate=short`. + Default to configuration value of `log.decorate` if configured, + otherwise, `auto`. --decorate-refs=<pattern>:: --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt index 25d9fbe37a..dbfd1f9017 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt @@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ depth is 4095. into multiple independent packfiles, each not larger than the given size. The size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB. - This option - prevents the creation of a bitmap index. The default is unlimited, unless the config variable - `pack.packSizeLimit` is set. + `pack.packSizeLimit` is set. Note that this option may result in + a larger and slower repository; see the discussion in + `pack.packSizeLimit`. --honor-pack-keep:: This flag causes an object already in a local pack that diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index 5c3fb67c01..7f4b2d1982 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ When set to `preserve` (deprecated in favor of `merges`), rebase with the `--preserve-merges` option passed to `git rebase` so that locally created merge commits will not be flattened. + -When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch. +When false, merge the upstream branch into the current branch. + When `interactive`, enable the interactive mode of rebase. + diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index a953c7c387..2f25aa3a29 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -244,8 +244,8 @@ Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published. You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to replace the history you originally published with the rebased history. If somebody else built on top of your original history while you are -rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with her -commit, and blindly pushing with `--force` will lose her work. +rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with their +commit, and blindly pushing with `--force` will lose their work. + This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 55af6fd24e..73d49ec8d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -340,9 +340,7 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. -m:: --merge:: - Use merging strategies to rebase. When the recursive (default) merge - strategy is used, this allows rebase to be aware of renames on the - upstream side. This is the default. + Using merging strategies to rebase (default). + Note that a rebase merge works by replaying each commit from the working branch on top of the <upstream> branch. Because of this, when a merge @@ -354,9 +352,8 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. -s <strategy>:: --strategy=<strategy>:: - Use the given merge strategy. - If there is no `-s` option 'git merge-recursive' is used - instead. This implies --merge. + Use the given merge strategy, instead of the default + `recursive`. This implies `--merge`. + Because 'git rebase' replays each commit from the working branch on top of the <upstream> branch using the given strategy, using @@ -530,7 +527,7 @@ The `--rebase-merges` mode is similar in spirit to the deprecated where commits can be reordered, inserted and dropped at will. + It is currently only possible to recreate the merge commits using the -`recursive` merge strategy; Different merge strategies can be used only via +`recursive` merge strategy; different merge strategies can be used only via explicit `exec git merge -s <strategy> [...]` commands. + See also REBASING MERGES and INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. @@ -1219,12 +1216,16 @@ successful merge so that the user can edit the message. If a `merge` command fails for any reason other than merge conflicts (i.e. when the merge operation did not even start), it is rescheduled immediately. -At this time, the `merge` command will *always* use the `recursive` -merge strategy for regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges, -with no way to choose a different one. To work around -this, an `exec` command can be used to call `git merge` explicitly, -using the fact that the labels are worktree-local refs (the ref -`refs/rewritten/onto` would correspond to the label `onto`, for example). +By default, the `merge` command will use the `recursive` merge +strategy for regular merges, and `octopus` for octopus merges. One +can specify a default strategy for all merges using the `--strategy` +argument when invoking rebase, or can override specific merges in the +interactive list of commands by using an `exec` command to call `git +merge` explicitly with a `--strategy` argument. Note that when +calling `git merge` explicitly like this, you can make use of the fact +that the labels are worktree-local refs (the ref `refs/rewritten/onto` +would correspond to the label `onto`, for example) in order to refer +to the branches you want to merge. Note: the first command (`label onto`) labels the revision onto which the commits are rebased; The name `onto` is just a convention, as a nod diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt index ef310f362e..24c00c9384 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt @@ -121,7 +121,9 @@ depth is 4095. If specified, multiple packfiles may be created, which also prevents the creation of a bitmap index. The default is unlimited, unless the config variable - `pack.packSizeLimit` is set. + `pack.packSizeLimit` is set. Note that this option may result in + a larger and slower repository; see the discussion in + `pack.packSizeLimit`. -b:: --write-bitmap-index:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt index f1bb1fa5f5..8a7cbdd19c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-worktree - Manage multiple working trees SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>] +'git worktree add' [-f] [--detach] [--checkout] [--lock [--reason <string>]] [-b <new-branch>] <path> [<commit-ish>] 'git worktree list' [--porcelain] 'git worktree lock' [--reason <string>] <worktree> 'git worktree move' <worktree> <new-path> @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ With `list`, annotate missing working trees as prunable if they are older than `<time>`. --reason <string>:: - With `lock`, an explanation why the working tree is locked. + With `lock` or with `add --lock`, an explanation why the working tree is locked. <worktree>:: Working trees can be identified by path, either relative or @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ These annotations are: ------------ $ git worktree list /path/to/linked-worktree abcd1234 [master] -/path/to/locked-worktreee acbd5678 (brancha) locked +/path/to/locked-worktree acbd5678 (brancha) locked /path/to/prunable-worktree 5678abc (detached HEAD) prunable ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt index 53e7d5c914..f8a1fc2014 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt @@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome): them. * Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory - as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the - higher level files (up to the toplevel of the work tree) being overridden - by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file. - These patterns match relative to the location of the - `.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such - `.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for + as the path, or in any parent directory (up to the top-level of the working + tree), with patterns in the higher level files being overridden by those in + lower level files down to the directory containing the file. These patterns + match relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file. A project normally + includes such `.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for files generated as part of the project build. * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`. diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt index 59ef5cef1f..0e0b863105 100644 --- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt @@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ initiating this "pull". If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will -refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in +refuse to merge -- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in some way and pull again when this happens). Alice can peek at what Bob did without merging first, using the "fetch" diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt index eb0aabd396..f66e650064 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt @@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ With --squash, --commit is not allowed, and will fail. Use the given merge strategy; can be supplied more than once to specify them in the order they should be tried. If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies - is used instead ('git merge-recursive' when merging a single - head, 'git merge-octopus' otherwise). + is used instead (`recursive` when merging a single head, + `octopus` otherwise). -X <option>:: --strategy-option=<option>:: @@ -154,7 +154,8 @@ endif::git-pull[] --autostash:: --no-autostash:: Automatically create a temporary stash entry before the operation - begins, and apply it after the operation ends. This means + begins, record it in the special ref `MERGE_AUTOSTASH` + and apply it after the operation ends. This means that you can run the operation on a dirty worktree. However, use with care: the final stash application after a successful merge might result in non-trivial conflicts. diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt index 2912de706b..210f0f850b 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt @@ -6,13 +6,6 @@ backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option. Some strategies can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>` arguments to `git merge` and/or `git pull`. -resolve:: - This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch - and another branch you pulled from) using a 3-way merge - algorithm. It tries to carefully detect criss-cross - merge ambiguities and is considered generally safe and - fast. - recursive:: This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge algorithm. When there is more than one common @@ -23,9 +16,9 @@ recursive:: causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history. Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving - renames, but currently cannot make use of detected - copies. This is the default merge strategy when pulling - or merging one branch. + renames. It does not make use of detected copies. This + is the default merge strategy when pulling or merging one + branch. + The 'recursive' strategy can take the following options: @@ -44,17 +37,14 @@ theirs;; no 'theirs' merge strategy to confuse this merge option with. patience;; - With this option, 'merge-recursive' spends a little extra time - to avoid mismerges that sometimes occur due to unimportant - matching lines (e.g., braces from distinct functions). Use - this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly. - See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`. + Deprecated synonym for `diff-algorithm=patience`. diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];; - Tells 'merge-recursive' to use a different diff algorithm, which - can help avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching - lines (such as braces from distinct functions). See also - linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`. + Use a different diff algorithm while merging, which can help + avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching lines + (such as braces from distinct functions). See also + linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`. Defaults to the + `diff.algorithm` config setting. ignore-space-change;; ignore-all-space;; @@ -105,6 +95,26 @@ subtree[=<path>];; is prefixed (or stripped from the beginning) to make the shape of two trees to match. +ort:: + This is meant as a drop-in replacement for the `recursive` + algorithm (as reflected in its acronym -- "Ostensibly + Recursive's Twin"), and will likely replace it in the future. + It fixes corner cases that the `recursive` strategy handles + suboptimally, and is significantly faster in large + repositories -- especially when many renames are involved. ++ +The `ort` strategy takes all the same options as `recursive`. +However, it ignores three of those options: `no-renames`, +`patience` and `diff-algorithm`. It always runs with rename +detection (it handles it much faster than `recursive` does), and +it specifically uses `diff-algorithm=histogram`. + +resolve:: + This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch + and another branch you pulled from) using a 3-way merge + algorithm. It tries to carefully detect criss-cross + merge ambiguities. It does not handle renames. + octopus:: This resolves cases with more than two heads, but refuses to do a complex merge that needs manual resolution. It is diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index 5bf2a85f69..24569b06d1 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ which are not of the requested type. + The form '--filter=sparse:oid=<blob-ish>' uses a sparse-checkout specification contained in the blob (or blob-expression) '<blob-ish>' -to omit blobs that would not be not required for a sparse checkout on +to omit blobs that would not be required for a sparse checkout on the requested refs. + The form '--filter=tree:<depth>' omits all blobs and trees whose depth @@ -1064,6 +1064,14 @@ ifdef::git-rev-list[] --header:: Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is separated with a NUL character. + +--no-commit-header:: + Suppress the header line containing "commit" and the object ID printed before + the specified format. This has no effect on the built-in formats; only custom + formats are affected. + +--commit-header:: + Overrides a previous `--no-commit-header`. endif::git-rev-list[] --parents:: diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt index 3f52f981a2..037a91cbca 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-trace2.txt @@ -396,14 +396,14 @@ only present on the "start" and "atexit" events. } ------------ -`"discard"`:: +`"too_many_files"`:: This event is written to the git-trace2-discard sentinel file if there are too many files in the target trace directory (see the trace2.maxFiles config option). + ------------ { - "event":"discard", + "event":"too_many_files", ... } ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt b/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt index 49b83ef3cc..029ee2cedc 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/directory-rename-detection.txt @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Directory rename detection ========================== Rename detection logic in diffcore-rename that checks for renames of -individual files is aggregated and analyzed in merge-recursive for cases -where combinations of renames indicate that a full directory has been -renamed. +individual files is also aggregated there and then analyzed in either +merge-ort or merge-recursive for cases where combinations of renames +indicate that a full directory has been renamed. Scope of abilities ------------------ @@ -88,9 +88,11 @@ directory rename detection support in: Folks have requested in the past that `git diff` detect directory renames and somehow simplify its output. It is not clear whether this would be desirable or how the output should be simplified, so this was - simply not implemented. Further, to implement this, directory rename - detection logic would need to move from merge-recursive to - diffcore-rename. + simply not implemented. Also, while diffcore-rename has most of the + logic for detecting directory renames, some of the logic is still found + within merge-ort and merge-recursive. Fully supporting directory + rename detection in diffs would require copying or moving the remaining + bits of logic to the diff machinery. * am diff --git a/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt b/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt index 7c1630bf83..260224b033 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/hash-function-transition.txt @@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ supports four different modes of operation: convert any object names written to output to SHA-1, but store objects using SHA-256. This allows users to test the code with no visible behavior change except for performance. This allows - allows running even tests that assume the SHA-1 hash function, to + running even tests that assume the SHA-1 hash function, to sanity-check the behavior of the new mode. 2. ("early transition") Allow both SHA-1 and SHA-256 object names in diff --git a/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt b/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt index 0780d30cac..a0dd7c66f2 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/partial-clone.txt @@ -242,8 +242,7 @@ remote in a specific order. repository and can satisfy all such requests. - Repack essentially treats promisor and non-promisor packfiles as 2 - distinct partitions and does not mix them. Repack currently only works - on non-promisor packfiles and loose objects. + distinct partitions and does not mix them. - Dynamic object fetching invokes fetch-pack once *for each item* because most algorithms stumble upon a missing object and need to have @@ -273,9 +272,6 @@ to use those promisor remotes in that order." The user might want to work in a triangular work flow with multiple promisor remotes that each have an incomplete view of the repository. -- Allow repack to work on promisor packfiles (while keeping them distinct - from non-promisor packfiles). - - Allow non-pathname-based filters to make use of packfile bitmaps (when present). This was just an omission during the initial implementation. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt index a1e31367f4..1040d85319 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt @@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ An `object-info` request takes the following arguments: Indicates to the server an object which the client wants to obtain information for. -The response of `object-info` is a list of the the requested object ids +The response of `object-info` is a list of the requested object ids and associated requested information, each separated by a single space. output = info flush-pkt diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index f9e54b8674..96240598e3 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -2792,7 +2792,7 @@ A fast-forward looks something like this: In some cases it is possible that the new head will *not* actually be a descendant of the old head. For example, the developer may have -realized she made a serious mistake, and decided to backtrack, +realized a serious mistake was made and decided to backtrack, resulting in a situation like: ................................................ |