diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
34 files changed, 502 insertions, 305 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index 0d7fa9cca9..b8bf618a30 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -129,3 +129,6 @@ For C programs: used in the git core command set (unless your command is clearly separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X repositories to git). + + - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to + pass them in that order. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt index a33782d47c..dfa36416af 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt @@ -17,9 +17,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.2 correct .git directory. * git-send-email learned to correctly handle multiple Cc: addresses. - ---- -exec >/var/tmp/1 -O=v1.6.2-21-g7681ed2 -echo O=$(git describe maint) -git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..28bfa5399b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +GIT v1.6.2.2 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.6.2.1 +-------------------- + +* A longstanding confusing description of what --pickaxe option of + git-diff does has been clarified in the documentation. + +* "git diff --pickaxe-regexp" did not count overlapping matches + correctly. + +* "git-fetch" in a repository that was not cloned from anywhere said + it cannot find 'origin', which was hard to understand for new people. + +* "git-format-patch --numbered-files --stdout" did not have to die of + incompatible options; it now simply ignores --numbered-files as no files + are produced anyway. + +* "git-ls-files --deleted" did not work well with GIT_DIR&GIT_WORK_TREE. + +* "git-read-tree A B C..." without -m option has been broken for a long + time. + +* git-send-email ignored --in-reply-to when --no-thread was given. + +* 'git-submodule add' did not tolerate extra slashes and ./ in the path it + accepted from the command line; it now is more lenient. + + +--- +exec >/var/tmp/1 +O=v1.6.2.1-23-g67c176f +echo O=$(git describe maint) +git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.txt index f519739ab0..0d8260a842 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.3.txt @@ -22,6 +22,13 @@ branch pointed at by its HEAD, gets a large warning. You can choose what should happen upon such a push by setting the configuration variable receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving repository. +In a future release, the default of "git push" without further +arguments might be changed. Currently, it will push all matching +refspecs to the current remote. A configuration variable push.default +has been introduced to select the default behaviour. To ease the +transition, a big warning is issued if this is not configured and a +git push without arguments is attempted. + Updates since v1.6.2 -------------------- @@ -30,8 +37,18 @@ Updates since v1.6.2 (performance) +* many uses of lstat(2) in the codepath for "git checkout" have been + optimized out. + (usability, bells and whistles) +* rsync:/path/to/repo can be used to run git over rsync for local + repositories. It may not be useful in practice; meant primarily for + testing. + +* (msysgit) progress output that is sent over the sideband protocol can + be handled appropriately in Windows console. + * "--pretty=<style>" option to the log family of commands can now be spelled as "--format=<style>". In addition, --format=%formatstring is a short-hand for --pretty=tformat:%formatstring. @@ -62,6 +79,8 @@ Updates since v1.6.2 * git-format-patch can be told to produce deep or shallow message threads. +* git-grep learned to highlight the found substrings in color. + * git-imap-send learned to work around Thunderbird's inability to easily disable format=flowed with a new configuration, imap.preformattedHTML. @@ -71,6 +90,8 @@ Updates since v1.6.2 * git-rebase can be told to report diffstat with the --stat option. +* Output from git-remote command has been vastly improved. + * git-send-email learned --confirm option to review the Cc: list before sending the messages out. @@ -90,15 +111,11 @@ release, unless otherwise noted. Here are fixes that this release has, but have not been backported to v1.6.2.X series. -* 'git-submodule add' did not tolerate extra slashes and ./ in the - path it accepted from the command line; it now is more lenient - (if needed, backport by merging db75ada). - * git-gc spent excessive amount of time to decide if an object appears in a locally existing pack (if needed, backport by merging 69e020a). --- exec >/var/tmp/1 -O=v1.6.2-149-g6462146 +O=v1.6.2.1-213-g7d4e3a7 echo O=$(git describe master) git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt index 63fc197fbe..1625ffce6a 100644 --- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ of lines before or after the line given by <start>. Show raw timestamp (Default: off). -S <revs-file>:: - Use revs from revs-file instead of calling linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. + Use revisions from revs-file instead of calling linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. --reverse:: Walk history forward instead of backward. Instead of showing diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 56bd781a16..750675530c 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ blank lines are ignored. The file consists of sections and variables. A section begins with the name of the section in square brackets and continues until the next section begins. Section names are not case sensitive. Only alphanumeric -characters, '`-`' and '`.`' are allowed in section names. Each variable +characters, `-` and `.` are allowed in section names. Each variable must belong to some section, which means that there must be section header before first setting of a variable. @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ in the section header, like in example below: -------- Subsection names can contain any characters except newline (doublequote -'`"`' and backslash have to be escaped as '`\"`' and '`\\`', +`"` and backslash have to be escaped as `\"` and `\\`, respectively) and are case sensitive. Section header cannot span multiple lines. Variables may belong directly to a section or to a given subsection. You can have `[section]` if you have `[section "subsection"]`, but you @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ All the other lines are recognized as setting variables, in the form 'name = value'. If there is no equal sign on the line, the entire line is taken as 'name' and the variable is recognized as boolean "true". The variable names are case-insensitive and only alphanumeric -characters and '`-`' are allowed. There can be more than one value +characters and `-` are allowed. There can be more than one value for a given variable; we say then that variable is multivalued. Leading and trailing whitespace in a variable value is discarded. @@ -69,15 +69,15 @@ String values may be entirely or partially enclosed in double quotes. You need to enclose variable value in double quotes if you want to preserve leading or trailing whitespace, or if variable value contains beginning of comment characters (if it contains '#' or ';'). -Double quote '`"`' and backslash '`\`' characters in variable value must -be escaped: use '`\"`' for '`"`' and '`\\`' for '`\`'. +Double quote `"` and backslash `\` characters in variable value must +be escaped: use `\"` for `"` and `\\` for `\`. -The following escape sequences (beside '`\"`' and '`\\`') are recognized: -'`\n`' for newline character (NL), '`\t`' for horizontal tabulation (HT, TAB) -and '`\b`' for backspace (BS). No other char escape sequence, nor octal +The following escape sequences (beside `\"` and `\\`) are recognized: +`\n` for newline character (NL), `\t` for horizontal tabulation (HT, TAB) +and `\b` for backspace (BS). No other char escape sequence, nor octal char sequences are valid. -Variable value ending in a '`\`' is continued on the next line in the +Variable value ending in a `\` is continued on the next line in the customary UNIX fashion. Some variables may require special value format. @@ -221,6 +221,11 @@ core.gitProxy:: Can be overridden by the 'GIT_PROXY_COMMAND' environment variable (which always applies universally, without the special "for" handling). ++ +The special string `none` can be used as the proxy command to +specify that no proxy be used for a given domain pattern. +This is useful for excluding servers inside a firewall from +proxy use, while defaulting to a common proxy for external domains. core.ignoreStat:: If true, commands which modify both the working tree and the index @@ -382,9 +387,9 @@ core.pager:: to override git's default settings this way, you need to be explicit. For example, to disable the S option in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager` - to "`less -+$LESS -FRX`". This will be passed to the + to `less -+$LESS -FRX`. This will be passed to the shell by git, which will translate the final command to - "`LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`". + `LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`. core.whitespace:: A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to @@ -548,6 +553,25 @@ color.diff.<slot>:: whitespace errors). The values of these variables may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>. +color.grep:: + When set to `always`, always highlight matches. When `false` (or + `never`), never. When set to `true` or `auto`, use color only + when the output is written to the terminal. Defaults to `false`. + +color.grep.external:: + The string value of this variable is passed to an external 'grep' + command as a command line option if match highlighting is turned + on. If set to an empty string, no option is passed at all, + turning off coloring for external 'grep' calls; this is the default. + For GNU grep, set it to `--color=always` to highlight matches even + when a pager is used. + +color.grep.match:: + Use customized color for matches. The value of this variable + may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>. It is passed using + the environment variables 'GREP_COLOR' and 'GREP_COLORS' when + calling an external 'grep'. + color.interactive:: When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive"). @@ -1161,7 +1185,7 @@ pager.<cmd>:: particular git subcommand when writing to a tty. If `\--paginate` or `\--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes precedence over this option. To disable pagination for - all commands, set `core.pager` or 'GIT_PAGER' to "`cat`". + all commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`. pull.octopus:: The default merge strategy to use when pulling multiple branches @@ -1170,6 +1194,24 @@ pull.octopus:: pull.twohead:: The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch. +push.default:: + Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given + on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and + no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command + line. ++ +The term `current remote` means the remote configured for the current +branch, or `origin` if no remote is configured. `origin` is also used +if you are not on any branch. Possible values are: ++ +* `nothing` do not push anything. +* `matching` push all matching branches to the current remote. + All branches having the same name in both ends are considered to be + matching. This is the current default value. +* `tracking` push the current branch to the branch it is tracking. +* `current` push the current branch to a branch of the same name on the + current remote. + rebase.stat:: Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last rebase. False by default. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 813a7b11b9..9276faeb11 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -176,7 +176,10 @@ override configuration settings. number. -S<string>:: - Look for differences that contain the change in <string>. + Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of + <string>. Note that this is different than the string simply + appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in + linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details. --pickaxe-all:: When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/everyday.txt index e598cdda45..9310b650d3 100644 --- a/Documentation/everyday.txt +++ b/Documentation/everyday.txt @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Use a tarball as a starting point for a new repository.:: ------------ $ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz $ cd frotz -$ git-init +$ git init $ git add . <1> $ git commit -m "import of frotz source tree." $ git tag v2.43 <2> diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt index 0eeefe0060..c1adf59497 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ prepended to the filenames in the archive. 'git-archive' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when given a commit ID or tag ID. In the first case the current time is -used as modification time of each file in the archive. In the latter +used as the modification time of each file in the archive. In the latter case the commit time as recorded in the referenced commit object is used instead. Additionally the commit ID is stored in a global extended pax header if the tar format is used; it can be extracted @@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ OPTIONS Write the archive to <file> instead of stdout. <extra>:: - This can be any options that the archiver backend understand. + This can be any options that the archiver backend understands. See next section. --remote=<repo>:: - Instead of making a tar archive from local repository, + Instead of making a tar archive from the local repository, retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository. --exec=<git-upload-archive>:: @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ EXAMPLES git archive --format=tar --prefix=junk/ HEAD | (cd /var/tmp/ && tar xf -):: Create a tar archive that contains the contents of the - latest commit on the current branch, and extracts it in + latest commit on the current branch, and extract it in the `/var/tmp/junk` directory. git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt index e65c1cae8b..ffc02c737c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-bisect(1) NAME ---- -git-bisect - Find the change that introduced a bug by binary search +git-bisect - Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug SYNOPSIS @@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ help" or "git bisect -h" to get a long usage description. Basic bisect commands: start, bad, good ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The way you use it is: +Using the Linux kernel tree as an example, basic use of the bisect +command is as follows: ------------------------------------------------ $ git bisect start @@ -48,61 +49,63 @@ $ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2 # v2.6.13-rc2 was the last version # tested that was good ------------------------------------------------ -When you give at least one bad and one good versions, it will bisect -the revision tree and say something like: +When you have specified at least one bad and one good version, the +command bisects the revision tree and outputs something similar to +the following: ------------------------------------------------ Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this ------------------------------------------------ -and check out the state in the middle. Now, compile that kernel, and -boot it. Now, let's say that this booted kernel works fine, then just -do +The state in the middle of the set of revisions is then checked out. +You would now compile that kernel and boot it. If the booted kernel +works correctly, you would then issue the following command: ------------------------------------------------ $ git bisect good # this one is good ------------------------------------------------ -which will now say +The output of this command would be something similar to the following: ------------------------------------------------ Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this ------------------------------------------------ -and you continue along, compiling that one, testing it, and depending -on whether it is good or bad, you say "git bisect good" or "git bisect -bad", and ask for the next bisection. +You keep repeating this process, compiling the tree, testing it, and +depending on whether it is good or bad issuing the command "git bisect good" +or "git bisect bad" to ask for the next bisection. -Until you have no more left, and you'll have been left with the first -bad kernel rev in "refs/bisect/bad". +Eventually there will be no more revisions left to bisect, and you +will have been left with the first bad kernel revision in "refs/bisect/bad". Bisect reset ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Oh, and then after you want to reset to the original head, do a +To return to the original head after a bisect session, issue the +following command: ------------------------------------------------ $ git bisect reset ------------------------------------------------ -to get back to the original branch, instead of being on the bisection -commit ("git bisect start" will do that for you too, actually: it will -reset the bisection state). +This resets the tree to the original branch instead of being on the +bisection commit ("git bisect start" will also do that, as it resets +the bisection state). Bisect visualize ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -During the bisection process, you can say +To see the currently remaining suspects in 'gitk', issue the following +command during the bisection process: ------------ $ git bisect visualize ------------ -to see the currently remaining suspects in 'gitk'. `visualize` is a bit -too long to type and `view` is provided as a synonym. +`view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`. -If 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used -instead. You can even give command line options such as `-p` and +If the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used +instead. You can also give command line options such as `-p` and `--stat`. ------------ @@ -112,57 +115,58 @@ $ git bisect view --stat Bisect log and bisect replay ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The good/bad input is logged, and +After having marked revisions as good or bad, issue the following +command to show what has been done so far: ------------ $ git bisect log ------------ -shows what you have done so far. You can truncate its output somewhere -and save it in a file, and run +If you discover that you made a mistake in specifying the status of a +revision, you can save the output of this command to a file, edit it to +remove the incorrect entries, and then issue the following commands to +return to a corrected state: ------------ +$ git bisect reset $ git bisect replay that-file ------------ -if you find later you made a mistake telling good/bad about a -revision. - -Avoiding to test a commit +Avoiding testing a commit ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -If in a middle of bisect session, you know what the bisect suggested -to try next is not a good one to test (e.g. the change the commit +If, in the middle of a bisect session, you know that the next suggested +revision is not a good one to test (e.g. the change the commit introduces is known not to work in your environment and you know it does not have anything to do with the bug you are chasing), you may -want to find a near-by commit and try that instead. +want to find a nearby commit and try that instead. -It goes something like this: +For example: ------------ -$ git bisect good/bad # previous round was good/bad. +$ git bisect good/bad # previous round was good or bad. Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this $ git bisect visualize # oops, that is uninteresting. -$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 # try 3 revs before what +$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 # try 3 revisions before what # was suggested ------------ -Then compile and test the one you chose to try. After that, tell -bisect what the result was as usual. +Then compile and test the chosen revision, and afterwards mark +the revision as good or bad in the usual manner. Bisect skip ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you may just want git -to do it for you using: +Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git +to do it for you by issuing the command: ------------ $ git bisect skip # Current version cannot be tested ------------ But computing the commit to test may be slower afterwards and git may -eventually not be able to tell the first bad among a bad and one or -more "skip"ped commits. +eventually not be able to tell the first bad commit among a bad commit +and one or more skipped commits. You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit, using the "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" notation. For example: @@ -171,33 +175,34 @@ using the "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" notation. For example: $ git bisect skip v2.5..v2.6 ------------ -would mean that no commit between `v2.5` excluded and `v2.6` included -can be tested. +This tells the bisect process that no commit after `v2.5`, up to and +including `v2.6`, should be tested. -Note that if you want to also skip the first commit of a range you can -use something like: +Note that if you also want to skip the first commit of the range you +would issue the command: ------------ $ git bisect skip v2.5 v2.5..v2.6 ------------ -and the commit pointed to by `v2.5` will be skipped too. +This tells the bisect process that the commits between `v2.5` included +and `v2.6` included should be skipped. + Cutting down bisection by giving more parameters to bisect start ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -You can further cut down the number of trials if you know what part of -the tree is involved in the problem you are tracking down, by giving -paths parameters when you say `bisect start`, like this: +You can further cut down the number of trials, if you know what part of +the tree is involved in the problem you are tracking down, by specifying +path parameters when issuing the `bisect start` command: ------------ $ git bisect start -- arch/i386 include/asm-i386 ------------ -If you know beforehand more than one good commits, you can narrow the -bisect space down without doing the whole tree checkout every time you -give good commits. You give the bad revision immediately after `start` -and then you give all the good revisions you have: +If you know beforehand more than one good commit, you can narrow the +bisect space down by specifying all of the good commits immediately after +the bad commit when issuing the `bisect start` command: ------------ $ git bisect start v2.6.20-rc6 v2.6.20-rc4 v2.6.20-rc1 -- @@ -209,38 +214,38 @@ Bisect run ~~~~~~~~~~ If you have a script that can tell if the current source code is good -or bad, you can automatically bisect using: +or bad, you can bisect by issuing the command: ------------ $ git bisect run my_script arguments ------------ -Note that the "run" script (`my_script` in the above example) should -exit with code 0 in case the current source code is good. Exit with a +Note that the script (`my_script` in the above example) should +exit with code 0 if the current source code is good, and exit with a code between 1 and 127 (inclusive), except 125, if the current source code is bad. -Any other exit code will abort the automatic bisect process. (A -program that does "exit(-1)" leaves $? = 255, see exit(3) manual page, -the value is chopped with "& 0377".) +Any other exit code will abort the bisect process. It should be noted +that a program that terminates via "exit(-1)" leaves $? = 255, (see the +exit(3) manual page), as the value is chopped with "& 0377". The special exit code 125 should be used when the current source code -cannot be tested. If the "run" script exits with this code, the current -revision will be skipped, see `git bisect skip` above. +cannot be tested. If the script exits with this code, the current +revision will be skipped (see `git bisect skip` above). -You may often find that during bisect you want to have near-constant -tweaks (e.g., s/#define DEBUG 0/#define DEBUG 1/ in a header file, or -"revision that does not have this commit needs this patch applied to -work around other problem this bisection is not interested in") -applied to the revision being tested. +You may often find that during a bisect session you want to have +temporary modifications (e.g. s/#define DEBUG 0/#define DEBUG 1/ in a +header file, or "revision that does not have this commit needs this +patch applied to work around another problem this bisection is not +interested in") applied to the revision being tested. To cope with such a situation, after the inner 'git bisect' finds the -next revision to test, with the "run" script, you can apply that tweak -before compiling, run the real test, and after the test decides if the -revision (possibly with the needed tweaks) passed the test, rewind the -tree to the pristine state. Finally the "run" script can exit with -the status of the real test to let the "git bisect run" command loop to -determine the outcome. +next revision to test, the script can apply the patch +before compiling, run the real test, and afterwards decide if the +revision (possibly with the needed patch) passed the test and then +rewind the tree to the pristine state. Finally the script should exit +with the status of the real test to let the "git bisect run" command loop +determine the eventual outcome of the bisect session. EXAMPLES -------- @@ -264,39 +269,39 @@ $ git bisect run make test # "make test" builds and tests ------------ $ cat ~/test.sh #!/bin/sh -make || exit 125 # this "skip"s broken builds +make || exit 125 # this skips broken builds make test # "make test" runs the test suite $ git bisect start v1.3 v1.1 -- # v1.3 is bad, v1.1 is good $ git bisect run ~/test.sh ------------ + Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make" -fails, we "skip" the current commit. +fails, we skip the current commit. + -It's safer to use a custom script outside the repo to prevent +It is safer to use a custom script outside the repository to prevent interactions between the bisect, make and test processes and the script. + -And "make test" should "exit 0", if the test suite passes, and -"exit 1" (for example) otherwise. +"make test" should "exit 0", if the test suite passes, and +"exit 1" otherwise. * Automatically bisect a broken test case: + ------------ $ cat ~/test.sh #!/bin/sh -make || exit 125 # this "skip"s broken builds +make || exit 125 # this skips broken builds ~/check_test_case.sh # does the test case passes ? $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 -- # culprit is among the last 10 $ git bisect run ~/test.sh ------------ + -Here "check_test_case.sh" should "exit 0", if the test case passes, -and "exit 1" (for example) otherwise. +Here "check_test_case.sh" should "exit 0" if the test case passes, +and "exit 1" otherwise. + -It's safer if both "test.sh" and "check_test_case.sh" scripts are -outside the repo to prevent interactions between the bisect, make and -test processes and the scripts. +It is safer if both "test.sh" and "check_test_case.sh" scripts are +outside the repository to prevent interactions between the bisect, +make and test processes and the scripts. * Automatically bisect a broken test suite: + diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt index 4ef54d6602..8c7b7b0838 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt @@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ DESCRIPTION Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision. -Also it can limit the range of lines annotated. +The command can also limit the range of lines annotated. -This report doesn't tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or +The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git-diff' or the "pickaxe" interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph. @@ -48,26 +48,26 @@ include::blame-options.txt[] lines between files (see `-C`) and lines moved within a file (see `-M`). The first number listed is the score. This is the number of alphanumeric characters detected - to be moved between or within files. This must be above + as having been moved between or within files. This must be above a certain threshold for 'git-blame' to consider those lines of code to have been moved. -f:: --show-name:: - Show filename in the original commit. By default - filename is shown if there is any line that came from a - file with different name, due to rename detection. + Show the filename in the original commit. By default + the filename is shown if there is any line that came from a + file with a different name, due to rename detection. -n:: --show-number:: - Show line number in the original commit (Default: off). + Show the line number in the original commit (Default: off). -s:: - Suppress author name and timestamp from the output. + Suppress the author name and timestamp from the output. -w:: - Ignore whitespace when comparing parent's version and - child's to find where the lines came from. + Ignore whitespace when comparing the parent's version and + the child's to find where the lines came from. THE PORCELAIN FORMAT @@ -79,17 +79,17 @@ header at the minimum has the first line which has: - 40-byte SHA-1 of the commit the line is attributed to; - the line number of the line in the original file; - the line number of the line in the final file; -- on a line that starts a group of line from a different +- on a line that starts a group of lines from a different commit than the previous one, the number of lines in this group. On subsequent lines this field is absent. This header line is followed by the following information at least once for each commit: -- author name ("author"), email ("author-mail"), time +- the author name ("author"), email ("author-mail"), time ("author-time"), and timezone ("author-tz"); similarly for committer. -- filename in the commit the line is attributed to. +- the filename in the commit that the line is attributed to. - the first line of the commit log message ("summary"). The contents of the actual line is output after the above @@ -100,23 +100,23 @@ header elements later. SPECIFYING RANGES ----------------- -Unlike 'git-blame' and 'git-annotate' in older git, the extent -of annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision +Unlike 'git-blame' and 'git-annotate' in older versions of git, the extent +of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision ranges. When you are interested in finding the origin for -ll. 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use `-L` option like these +lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so (they mean the same thing -- both ask for 21 lines starting at line 40): git blame -L 40,60 foo git blame -L 40,+21 foo -Also you can use regular expression to specify the line range. +Also you can use a regular expression to specify the line range: git blame -L '/^sub hello {/,/^}$/' foo -would limit the annotation to the body of `hello` subroutine. +which limits the annotation to the body of the `hello` subroutine. -When you are not interested in changes older than the version +When you are not interested in changes older than version v2.6.18, or changes older than 3 weeks, you can use revision range specifiers similar to 'git-rev-list': @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ commit v2.6.18 or the most recent commit that is more than 3 weeks old in the above example) are blamed for that range boundary commit. -A particularly useful way is to see if an added file have lines +A particularly useful way is to see if an added file has lines created by copy-and-paste from existing files. Sometimes this indicates that the developer was being sloppy and did not refactor the code properly. You can first find the commit that @@ -162,26 +162,26 @@ annotated. + Line numbers count from 1. -. The first time that commit shows up in the stream, it has various +. The first time that a commit shows up in the stream, it has various other information about it printed out with a one-word tag at the - beginning of each line about that "extended commit info" (author, - email, committer, dates, summary etc). + beginning of each line describing the extra commit information (author, + email, committer, dates, summary, etc.). -. Unlike Porcelain format, the filename information is always +. Unlike the Porcelain format, the filename information is always given and terminates the entry: "filename" <whitespace-quoted-filename-goes-here> + -and thus it's really quite easy to parse for some line- and word-oriented +and thus it is really quite easy to parse for some line- and word-oriented parser (which should be quite natural for most scripting languages). + [NOTE] For people who do parsing: to make it more robust, just ignore any -lines in between the first and last one ("<sha1>" and "filename" lines) -where you don't recognize the tag-words (or care about that particular +lines between the first and last one ("<sha1>" and "filename" lines) +where you do not recognize the tag words (or care about that particular one) at the beginning of the "extended information" lines. That way, if there is ever added information (like the commit encoding or extended -commit commentary), a blame viewer won't ever care. +commit commentary), a blame viewer will not care. MAPPING AUTHORS diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index 6103d62fe3..31ba7f2ade 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -18,19 +18,19 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -With no arguments, existing branches are listed, the current branch will +With no arguments, existing branches are listed and the current branch will be highlighted with an asterisk. Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both. -With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contains the named commit -(in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendant of the +With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit +(in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the named commit). With `--merged`, only branches merged into the named commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are reachable from the named commit) will be listed. With `--no-merged` only branches not merged into -the named commit will be listed. Missing <commit> argument defaults to -'HEAD' (i.e. the tip of the current branch). +the named commit will be listed. If the <commit> argument is missing it +defaults to 'HEAD' (i.e. the tip of the current branch). -In its second form, a new branch named <branchname> will be created. +In the command's second form, a new branch named <branchname> will be created. It will start out with a head equal to the one given as <start-point>. If no <start-point> is given, the branch will be created with a head equal to that of the currently checked out branch. @@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted. Use -r together with -d to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist -in remote repository or if 'git-fetch' was configured not to fetch -them again. See also 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for way to -clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches. +in the remote repository or if 'git-fetch' was configured not to fetch +them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a +way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches. OPTIONS @@ -76,14 +76,14 @@ OPTIONS based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}". -f:: - Force the creation of a new branch even if it means deleting - a branch that already exists with the same name. + Reset <branchname> to <startpoint> if <branchname> exists + already. Without `-f` 'git-branch' refuses to change an existing branch. -m:: Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog. -M:: - Move/rename a branch even if the new branchname already exists. + Move/rename a branch even if the new branch name already exists. --color:: Color branches to highlight current, local, and remote branches. @@ -103,17 +103,17 @@ OPTIONS Show sha1 and commit subject line for each head. --abbrev=<length>:: - Alter minimum display length for sha1 in output listing, - default value is 7. + Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing. + The default value is 7. --no-abbrev:: - Display the full sha1s in output listing rather than abbreviating them. + Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them. --track:: - When creating a new branch, set up configuration so that 'git-pull' + When creating a new branch, set up the configuration so that 'git-pull' will automatically retrieve data from the start point, which must be a branch. Use this if you always pull from the same upstream branch - into the new branch, and if you don't want to use "git pull + into the new branch, and if you do not want to use "git pull <repository> <refspec>" explicitly. This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote branch. Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you want @@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ OPTIONS <newbranch>:: The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for - <branchname> applies. + <branchname> apply. Examples -------- -Start development off of a known tag:: +Start development from a known tag:: + ------------ $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6 @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ $ git checkout my2.6.14 <1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with "checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14". -Delete unneeded branch:: +Delete an unneeded branch:: + ------------ $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git @@ -176,21 +176,21 @@ $ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man <1> $ git branch -D test <2> ------------ + -<1> Delete remote-tracking branches "todo", "html", "man". Next 'fetch' or -'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to. See -linkgit:git-fetch[1]. -<2> Delete "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch is -currently checked out) does not have all commits from test branch. +<1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next +'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to. +See linkgit:git-fetch[1]. +<2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch +is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch. Notes ----- -If you are creating a branch that you want to immediately checkout, it's +If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is easier to use the git checkout command with its `-b` option to create a branch and check it out with a single command. -The options `--contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged` serves three related +The options `--contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged` serve three related but different purposes: - `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 57590b1480..aee7e4a8c9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ DESCRIPTION Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot -be directly connected so the interactive git protocols (git, ssh, -rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for +be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git, +ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used. This command provides support for 'git-fetch' and 'git-pull' to operate by packaging objects and references in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into another repository using 'git-fetch' and 'git-pull' after moving the archive by some means (i.e., by sneakernet). As no -direct connection between repositories exists, the user must specify a +direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the destination repository. @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ verify <file>:: bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository. 'git-bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits - with non-zero status. + with a non-zero status. list-heads <file>:: Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a @@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ list-heads <file>:: unbundle <file>:: Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git-index-pack' for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all - defined references. If a reflist is given, only references - matching those in the given list are printed. This command is + defined references. If a list of references is given, only + references matching those in the list are printed. This command is really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git-fetch'. [git-rev-list-args...]:: A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git-rev-parse' and - 'git-rev-list', that specify the specific objects and references - to transport. For example, "master~10..master" causes the + 'git-rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references + to transport. For example, `master\~10..master` causes the current master reference to be packaged along with all objects added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit limit to the number of references and objects that may be @@ -71,24 +71,24 @@ unbundle <file>:: A list of references used to limit the references reported as available. This is principally of use to 'git-fetch', which expects to receive only those references asked for and not - necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git-bundle' is - acting like 'git-fetch-pack'). + necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git-bundle' acts + like 'git-fetch-pack'). SPECIFYING REFERENCES --------------------- 'git-bundle' will only package references that are shown by 'git-show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References -such as master~1 cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for +such as `master\~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be -specified explicitly (e.g., ^master~10), or implicitly (e.g., -master~10..master, --since=10.days.ago master). +specified explicitly (e.g. `^master\~10`), or implicitly (e.g. +`master\~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`). It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination. -It is okay to err on the side of conservatism, causing the bundle file -to contain objects already in the destination as these are ignored +It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file +to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored when unpacking at the destination. EXAMPLE @@ -97,13 +97,13 @@ EXAMPLE Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A to another repository R2 on machine B. For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed, -but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc). -We want to update R2 with developments made on branch master in R1. +but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.). +We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1. -To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that doesn't have -any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you sent out -in order to make it easy to later update the other repository with -incremental bundle, +To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have +any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last +processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository +with an incremental bundle: ---------------- machineA$ cd R1 @@ -111,17 +111,17 @@ machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master ---------------- -Then you sneakernet file.bundle to the target machine B. Because you don't -have to have any object to extract objects from such a bundle, not only -you can fetch/pull from a bundle, you can clone from it as if it was a -remote repository. +Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating +the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it +were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then +pulling or fetching objects from the bundle: ---------------- machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2 ---------------- This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that -lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 may +lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will have an entry like this: ------------------------ @@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ have an entry like this: fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* ------------------------ -You can fetch/pull to update the resulting mine.git repository after -replacing the bundle you store at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental -updates from here on. +To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after +replacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental +updates. -After working more in the original repository, you can create an -incremental bundle to update the other: +After working some more in the original repository, you can create an +incremental bundle to update the other repository: ---------------- machineA$ cd R1 @@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master ---------------- -and sneakernet it to the other machine to replace /home/me/tmp/file.bundle, -and pull from it. +You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace +/home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it. ---------------- machineB$ cd R2 @@ -152,49 +152,49 @@ machineB$ git pull ---------------- If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should -have the necessary objects for, you can use that knowledge to specify the +have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go in the resulting bundle. The previous example used lastR2bundle tag -for this purpose, but you can use other options you would give to +for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples: -You can use a tag that is present in both. +You can use a tag that is present in both: ---------------- $ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master ---------------- -You can use a basis based on time. +You can use a basis based on time: ---------------- $ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master ---------------- -Or you can use the number of commits. +You can use the number of commits: ---------------- $ git bundle create mybundle -10 master ---------------- You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle -that was created with a basis. +that was created with a basis: ---------------- $ git bundle verify mybundle ---------------- This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the -bundle and will error out if you don't have them. +bundle and will error out if you do not have them. A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a -regular repository it fetches/pulls from. You can for example map -refs, like this example, when fetching: +regular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map +references when fetching: ---------------- $ git fetch mybundle master:localRef ---------------- -Or see what refs it offers. +You can also see what references it offers. ---------------- $ git ls-remote mybundle diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt index 668f697c2a..b191276d7a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-cat-file(1) NAME ---- -git-cat-file - Provide content or type/size information for repository objects +git-cat-file - Provide content or type and size information for repository objects SYNOPSIS @@ -14,19 +14,19 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -In the first form, provides content or type of objects in the repository. The -type is required unless '-t' or '-p' is used to find the object type, or '-s' -is used to find the object size. +In its first form, the command provides the content or the type of an object in +the repository. The type is required unless '-t' or '-p' is used to find the +object type, or '-s' is used to find the object size. -In the second form, a list of object (separated by LFs) is provided on stdin, -and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout. +In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on +stdin, and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout. OPTIONS ------- <object>:: The name of the object to show. For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see - "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]. + the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]. -t:: Instead of the content, show the object type identified by @@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ OPTIONS stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments. --batch-check:: - Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not be - combined with any other options or arguments. + Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not + be combined with any other options or arguments. OUTPUT ------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt index 8c2ac12f5d..50824e3a2d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -For every pathname, this command will list if each attr is 'unspecified', +For every pathname, this command will list if each attribute is 'unspecified', 'set', or 'unset' as a gitattribute on that pathname. OPTIONS @@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ OPTIONS Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line. -z:: - Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with - NUL character instead of LF. + Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a + NUL character instead of a linefeed character. \--:: - Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes, and all following + Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following arguments as path names. If not supplied, only the first argument will be treated as an attribute. @@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ OUTPUT The output is of the form: <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF -Where <path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute +<path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute being queried and <info> can be either: 'unspecified';; when the attribute is not defined for the path. -'unset';; when the attribute is defined to false. -'set';; when the attribute is defined to true. +'unset';; when the attribute is defined as false. +'set';; when the attribute is defined as true. <value>;; when a value has been assigned to the attribute. EXAMPLES @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ org/example/MyClass.java: diff: java org/example/MyClass.java: myAttr: set --------------- -* Listing attribute for multiple files: +* Listing an attribute for multiple files: --------------- $ git check-attr myAttr -- org/example/MyClass.java org/example/NoMyAttr.java org/example/MyClass.java: myAttr: set diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt index 034223cc5a..171b68377d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-check-ref-format(1) NAME ---- -git-check-ref-format - Make sure ref name is well formed +git-check-ref-format - Ensures that a reference name is well formed SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -11,40 +11,40 @@ SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ----------- -Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits non-zero if -it is not. +Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero +status if it is not. A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags. A -branch head is stored under `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` directory, and -a tag is stored under `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` directory. git -imposes the following rules on how refs are named: +branch head is stored under the `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` directory, and +a tag is stored under the `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags` directory. git +imposes the following rules on how references are named: -. It can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory) +. They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory) grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a - dot `.`; + dot `.`. -. It cannot have two consecutive dots `..` anywhere; +. They cannot have two consecutive dots `..` anywhere. -. It cannot have ASCII control character (i.e. bytes whose +. They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`, caret `{caret}`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, - or open bracket `[` anywhere; + or open bracket `[` anywhere. -. It cannot end with a slash `/`. +. They cannot end with a slash `/`. -These rules makes it easy for shell script based tools to parse -refnames, pathname expansion by the shell when a refname is used +These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse +reference names, pathname expansion by the shell when a reference name is used unquoted (by mistake), and also avoids ambiguities in certain -refname expressions (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]). Namely: +reference name expressions (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]): -. double-dot `..` are often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some - context this notation means `{caret}ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in - ref1 and in ref2). +. A double-dot `..` is often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some + contexts this notation means `{caret}ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in + `ref1` and in `ref2`). -. tilde `~` and caret `{caret}` are used to introduce postfix +. A tilde `~` and caret `{caret}` are used to introduce the postfix 'nth parent' and 'peel onion' operation. -. colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s +. A colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s value and store it in dstref" in fetch and push operations. It may also be used to select a specific object such as with 'git-cat-file': "git cat-file blob v1.3.3:refs.c". diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt index 125d8f3c32..1a6c19e5c3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt @@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ the conflicted merge in the specified paths. When this parameter names a non-branch (but still a valid commit object), your HEAD becomes 'detached'. + -As a special case, the "`@\{-N\}`" syntax for the N-th last branch +As a special case, the `"@\{-N\}"` syntax for the N-th last branch checks out the branch (instead of detaching). You may also specify -"`-`" which is synonymous with "`@\{-1\}`". +`-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`. Detached HEAD diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt index 82ce89eae8..7131ee3c66 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] name [value [value_regex]] 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] --add name value -'git config' [<file-option>] [type] --replace-all name [value [value_regex]] +'git config' [<file-option>] [type] --replace-all name value [value_regex] 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex] 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex] 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex] diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt index b7a8c10b87..31237259e4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt @@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ repository, or incrementally import into an existing one. Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'. At least version 2.1 is required. +*WARNING:* for certain situations the import leads to incorrect results. +Please see the section <<issues,ISSUES>> for further reference. + You should *never* do any work of your own on the branches that are created by 'git-cvsimport'. By default initial import will create and populate a "master" branch from the CVS repository's main branch which you're free @@ -164,6 +167,37 @@ If '-v' is specified, the script reports what it is doing. Otherwise, success is indicated the Unix way, i.e. by simply exiting with a zero exit status. +[[issues]] +ISSUES +------ +Problems related to timestamps: + + * If timestamps of commits in the cvs repository are not stable enough + to be used for ordering commits + * If any files were ever "cvs import"ed more than once (e.g., import of + more than one vendor release) + * If the timestamp order of different files cross the revision order + within the commit matching time window + +Problems related to branches: + + * Branches on which no commits have been made are not imported + * All files from the branching point are added to a branch even if + never added in cvs + * files added to the source branch *after* a daughter branch was + created: If previously no commit was made on the daugther branch they + will erroneously be added to the daughter branch in git + +Problems related to tags: + +* Multiple tags on the same revision are not imported + +If you suspect that any of these issues may apply to the repository you +want to import consider using these alternative tools which proved to be +more stable in practise: + +* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://cvs2svn.tigris.org` +* parsecvs, `http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs` Author ------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt index c14e3ee395..c2eb5fab4c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt @@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ include::diff-options.txt[] --numbered-files:: Output file names will be a simple number sequence without the default first line of the commit appended. - Mutually exclusive with the --stdout option. -k:: --keep-subject:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt index 553da6cbb1..fccb82deb4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [-l | --files-with-matches] [-L | --files-without-match] [-z | --null] [-c | --count] [--all-match] + [--color | --no-color] [-A <post-context>] [-B <pre-context>] [-C <context>] [-f <file>] [-e] <pattern> [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e <pattern>...] [<tree>...] @@ -105,6 +106,13 @@ OPTIONS Instead of showing every matched line, show the number of lines that match. +--color:: + Show colored matches. + +--no-color:: + Turn off match highlighting, even when the configuration file + gives the default to color output. + -[ABC] <context>:: Show `context` trailing (`A` -- after), or leading (`B` -- before), or both (`C` -- context) lines, and place a diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index f7be5846a6..427ad9083e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ include::merge-strategies.txt[] If you tried a merge which resulted in a complex conflicts and -would want to start over, you can recover with 'git-reset'. +want to start over, you can recover with 'git-reset'. CONFIGURATION ------------- @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified. ------------ The area where a pair of conflicting changes happened is marked with markers -"`<<<<<<<`", "`=======`", and "`>>>>>>>`". The part before the "`=======`" +`<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>`. The part before the `=======` is typically your side, and the part afterwards is typically their side. The default format does not show what the original said in the conflicting @@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ Git makes conflict resolution easy. And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified. ------------ -In addition to the "`<<<<<<<`", "`=======`", and "`>>>>>>>`" markers, it uses -another "`|||||||`" marker that is followed by the original text. You can +In addition to the `<<<<<<<`, `=======`, and `>>>>>>>` markers, it uses +another `|||||||` marker that is followed by the original text. You can tell that the original just stated a fact, and your side simply gave in to that statement and gave up, while the other side tried to have a more positive attitude. You can sometimes come up with a better resolution by diff --git a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt index 477785e134..253fc0fc25 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ IOW, you can use this thing to look for likely duplicate commits. When dealing with 'git-diff-tree' output, it takes advantage of the fact that the patch is prefixed with the object name of the -commit, and outputs two 40-byte hexadecimal string. The first +commit, and outputs two 40-byte hexadecimal strings. The first string is the patch ID, and the second string is the commit ID. This can be used to make a mapping from patch ID to commit ID. diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index 4e7e5a719a..fd53c49fb8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there. See documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1]. -OPTIONS -------- +OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]] +------------------ <repository>:: The "remote" repository that is destination of a push operation. This parameter can be either a URL @@ -187,6 +187,28 @@ reason:: Examples -------- +git push:: + Works like `git push <remote>`, where <remote> is the + current branch's remote (or `origin`, if no remote is + configured for the current branch). + +git push origin:: + Without additional configuration, works like + `git push origin :`. ++ +The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be +configured by setting the `push` option of the remote. ++ +For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin` +use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`. Any valid <refspec> (like +the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for +`git push origin`. + +git push origin ::: + Push "matching" branches to `origin`. See + <refspec> in the <<OPTIONS,OPTIONS>> section above for a + description of "matching" branches. + git push origin master:: Find a ref that matches `master` in the source repository (most likely, it would find `refs/heads/master`), and update diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 57bd333f0b..3d5a066c31 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -258,11 +258,23 @@ OPTIONS context exist they all must match. By default no context is ever ignored. +-f:: +--force-rebase:: + Force the rebase even if the current branch is a descendant + of the commit you are rebasing onto. Normally the command will + exit with the message "Current branch is up to date" in such a + situation. + --whitespace=<option>:: This flag is passed to the 'git-apply' program (see linkgit:git-apply[1]) that applies the patch. Incompatible with the --interactive option. +--committer-date-is-author-date:: +--ignore-date:: + These flags are passed to 'git-am' to easily change the dates + of the rebased commits (see linkgit:git-am[1]). + -i:: --interactive:: Make a list of the commits which are about to be rebased. Let the diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index fad983e297..c9c0e6f932 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--mirror] <name> <url> 'git remote rename' <old> <new> 'git remote rm' <name> +'git remote set-head' <name> [-a | -d | <branch>] 'git remote show' [-n] <name> 'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name> 'git remote update' [group] @@ -53,8 +54,7 @@ is created. You can give more than one `-t <branch>` to track multiple branches without grabbing all branches. + With `-m <master>` option, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set -up to point at remote's `<master>` branch instead of whatever -branch the `HEAD` at the remote repository actually points at. +up to point at remote's `<master>` branch. See also the set-head command. + In mirror mode, enabled with `\--mirror`, the refs will not be stored in the 'refs/remotes/' namespace, but in 'refs/heads/'. This option @@ -76,6 +76,30 @@ the configuration file format. Remove the remote named <name>. All remote tracking branches and configuration settings for the remote are removed. +'set-head':: + +Sets or deletes the default branch (`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD`) for +the named remote. Having a default branch for a remote is not required, +but allows the name of the remote to be specified in lieu of a specific +branch. For example, if the default branch for `origin` is set to +`master`, then `origin` may be specified wherever you would normally +specify `origin/master`. ++ +With `-d`, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted. ++ +With `-a`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then +`$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set to the same branch. e.g., if the remote +`HEAD` is pointed at `next`, "`git remote set-head origin -a`" will set +`$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to `refs/remotes/origin/next`. This will +only work if `refs/remotes/origin/next` already exists; if not it must be +fetched first. ++ +Use `<branch>` to set `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<name>/HEAD` explicitly. e.g., "git +remote set-head origin master" will set `$GIT_DIR/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to +`refs/remotes/origin/master`. This will only work if +`refs/remotes/origin/master` already exists; if not it must be fetched first. ++ + 'show':: Gives some information about the remote <name>. diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 3ccef2f2b3..5ed2bc840f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -299,18 +299,18 @@ previous section means the set of commits reachable from that commit, following the commit ancestry chain. To exclude commits reachable from a commit, a prefix `{caret}` -notation is used. E.g. "`{caret}r1 r2`" means commits reachable +notation is used. E.g. `{caret}r1 r2` means commits reachable from `r2` but exclude the ones reachable from `r1`. This set operation appears so often that there is a shorthand for it. When you have two commits `r1` and `r2` (named according to the syntax explained in SPECIFYING REVISIONS above), you can ask for commits that are reachable from r2 excluding those that are reachable -from r1 by "`{caret}r1 r2`" and it can be written as "`r1..r2`". +from r1 by `{caret}r1 r2` and it can be written as `r1..r2`. -A similar notation "`r1\...r2`" is called symmetric difference +A similar notation `r1\...r2` is called symmetric difference of `r1` and `r2` and is defined as -"`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`". +`r1 r2 --not $(git merge-base --all r1 r2)`. It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of `r1` or `r2` but not from both. diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index 14dfb501eb..10dfd667b2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -60,14 +60,13 @@ The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list. Use $GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, $VISUAL, or $EDITOR to edit an introductory message for the patch series. + -When '--compose' is used, git send-email gets less interactive will use the -values of the headers you set there. If the body of the email (what you type -after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank (or GIT: prefixed) -lines, the summary won't be sent, but git-send-email will still use the -Headers values if you don't removed them. +When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and +In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message +(what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank +(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject, +and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed. + -If it wasn't able to see a header in the summary it will ask you about it -interactively after quitting your editor. +Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for. --from:: Specify the sender of the emails. This will default to diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 9a26bde73e..7513c57c6a 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -43,9 +43,10 @@ unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: -* link:v1.6.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.2] +* link:v1.6.2.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.2.1] * release notes for + link:RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1], link:RelNotes-1.6.2.txt[1.6.2]. * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3] diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt index 29e5929db2..be39ed7c15 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt @@ -46,20 +46,20 @@ Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are scripting git: * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that - you should prefer `"git foo"` to `"git-foo"`. + you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`. - * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `"git foo -a -b"` - to `"git foo -ab"`, the latter may not even work). + * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b` + to `git foo -ab`, the latter may not even work). * when a command line option takes an argument, use the 'sticked' form. In - other words, write `"git foo -oArg"` instead of `"git foo -o Arg"` for short - options, and `"git foo --long-opt=Arg"` instead of `"git foo --long-opt Arg"` + other words, write `git foo -oArg` instead of `git foo -o Arg` for short + options, and `git foo --long-opt=Arg` instead of `git foo --long-opt Arg` for long options. An option that takes optional option-argument must be written in the 'sticked' form. * when you give a revision parameter to a command, make sure the parameter is not ambiguous with a name of a file in the work tree. E.g. do not write - `"git log -1 HEAD"` but write `"git log -1 HEAD --"`; the former will not work + `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree. @@ -99,17 +99,17 @@ usage: git-describe [options] <committish>* Negating options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Options with long option names can be negated by prefixing `"--no-"`. For -example, `"git branch"` has the option `"--track"` which is 'on' by default. You -can use `"--no-track"` to override that behaviour. The same goes for `"--color"` -and `"--no-color"`. +Options with long option names can be negated by prefixing `--no-`. For +example, `git branch` has the option `--track` which is 'on' by default. You +can use `--no-track` to override that behaviour. The same goes for `--color` +and `--no-color`. Aggregating short options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Commands that support the enhanced option parser allow you to aggregate short -options. This means that you can for example use `"git rm -rf"` or -`"git clean -fdx"`. +options. This means that you can for example use `git rm -rf` or +`git clean -fdx`. Separating argument from the option diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index 9afca755ed..4fc1cf1184 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a 'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates will be fetched into remote <<def_tracking_branch,tracking branches>> named origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using - "`git branch -r`". + `git branch -r`. [[def_pack]]pack:: A set of objects which have been compressed into one file (to save space diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt index e25b154838..288f04e70c 100644 --- a/Documentation/mailmap.txt +++ b/Documentation/mailmap.txt @@ -5,22 +5,21 @@ canonical real names and email addresses. In the simple form, each line in the file consists of the canonical real name of an author, whitespace, and an email address used in the -commit (enclosed by '<' and '>') to map to the name. Thus, looks like -this +commit (enclosed by '<' and '>') to map to the name. For example: -- Proper Name <commit@email.xx> -- -The more complex forms are +The more complex forms are: -- <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx> -- -which allows mailmap to replace only the email part of a commit, and +which allows mailmap to replace only the email part of a commit, and: -- Proper Name <proper@email.xx> <commit@email.xx> -- which allows mailmap to replace both the name and the email of a -commit matching the specified commit email address, and +commit matching the specified commit email address, and: -- Proper Name <proper@email.xx> Commit Name <commit@email.xx> -- @@ -47,8 +46,8 @@ Jane Doe <jane@desktop.(none)> Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com> ------------ -Note how we don't need an entry for <jane@laptop.(none)>, because the -real name of that author is correct already. +Note how there is no need for an entry for <jane@laptop.(none)>, because the +real name of that author is already correct. Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following authors: @@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ claus <me@company.xx> CTO <cto@coompany.xx> ------------ -Then, you might want a `.mailmap` file looking like: +Then you might want a `.mailmap` file that looks like: ------------ <cto@company.xx> <cto@coompany.xx> Some Dude <some@dude.xx> nick1 <bugs@company.xx> @@ -72,4 +71,4 @@ Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx> <me@company.xx> ------------ Use hash '#' for comments that are either on their own line, or after -the email address.
\ No newline at end of file +the email address. diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt index 1276f858ad..4365b7e842 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt @@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ MERGE STRATEGIES resolve:: This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch - and another branch you pulled from) using 3-way merge + and another branch you pulled from) using a 3-way merge algorithm. It tries to carefully detect criss-cross merge ambiguities and is considered generally safe and fast. recursive:: - This can only resolve two heads using 3-way merge - algorithm. When there are more than one common - ancestors that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a + This can only resolve two heads using a 3-way merge + algorithm. When there is more than one common + ancestor that can be used for 3-way merge, it creates a merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as the reference tree for the 3-way merge. This has been reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without @@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ recursive:: pulling or merging one branch. octopus:: - This resolves more than two-head case, but refuses to do - complex merge that needs manual resolution. It is + This resolves cases with more than two heads, but refuses to do + a complex merge that needs manual resolution. It is primarily meant to be used for bundling topic branch heads together. This is the default merge strategy when - pulling or merging more than one branches. + pulling or merging more than one branch. ours:: This resolves any number of heads, but the result of the diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index 96af8977f6..e33b29b1dd 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -1136,10 +1136,10 @@ Ignoring files A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git. This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git -is just a matter of 'not' calling "`git-add`" on them. But it quickly becomes +is just a matter of 'not' calling `git-add` on them. But it quickly becomes annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make -"`git add .`" practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of -"`git status`". +`git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of +`git status`. You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as: |