diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
37 files changed, 1023 insertions, 1042 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines index 2248cf7324..c4cb5ff0d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines +++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines @@ -256,12 +256,12 @@ For C programs: Note however that a comment that explains a translatable string to translators uses a convention of starting with a magic token - "TRANSLATORS: " immediately after the opening delimiter, even when - it spans multiple lines. We do not add an asterisk at the beginning - of each line, either. E.g. + "TRANSLATORS: ", e.g. - /* TRANSLATORS: here is a comment that explains the string - to be translated, that follows immediately after it */ + /* + * TRANSLATORS: here is a comment that explains the string to + * be translated, that follows immediately after it. + */ _("Here is a translatable string explained by the above."); - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index b5be2e2d3f..2415e0d657 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ MAN7_TXT += giteveryday.txt MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt +MAN7_TXT += gitsubmodules.txt MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt index be68524cff..71a86cb7c6 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.10 * The 'push to upstream' implementation was broken in some corner cases. "git push $there" without refspec, when the current branch is set to push to a remote different from $there, used to push to - $there using the upstream information to a remote unreleated to + $there using the upstream information to a remote unrelated to $there. * Giving "--continue" to a conflicted "rebase -i" session skipped a diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt index 29154805b4..ef8b97da9b 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.12.0.txt @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ notes for details). needed it so far. * Git 2.11 had a minor regression in "merge --ff-only" that competed - with another process that simultanously attempted to update the + with another process that simultaneously attempted to update the index. We used to explain what went wrong with an error message, but the new code silently failed. The error message has been resurrected. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ed7cd976d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +Git v2.13.1 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.13 +----------------- + + * The Web interface to gmane news archive is long gone, even though + the articles are still accessible via NTTP. Replace the links with + ones to public-inbox.org. Because their message identification is + based on the actual message-id, it is likely that it will be easier + to migrate away from it if/when necessary. + + * Update tests to pass under GETTEXT_POISON (a mechanism to ensure + that output strings that should not be translated are not + translated by mistake), and tell TravisCI to run them. + + * Setting "log.decorate=false" in the configuration file did not take + effect in v2.13, which has been corrected. + + * An earlier update to test 7400 needed to be skipped on CYGWIN. + + * Git sometimes gives an advice in a rhetorical question that does + not require an answer, which can confuse new users and non native + speakers. Attempt to rephrase them. + + * "git read-tree -m" (no tree-ish) gave a nonsense suggestion "use + --empty if you want to clear the index". With "-m", such a request + will still fail anyway, as you'd need to name at least one tree-ish + to be merged. + + * The codepath in "git am" that is used when running "git rebase" + leaked memory held for the log message of the commits being rebased. + + * "pack-objects" can stream a slice of an existing packfile out when + the pack bitmap can tell that the reachable objects are all needed + in the output, without inspecting individual objects. This + strategy however would not work well when "--local" and other + options are in use, and need to be disabled. + + * Clarify documentation for include.path and includeIf.<condition>.path + configuration variables. + + * Tag objects, which are not reachable from any ref, that point at + missing objects were mishandled by "git gc" and friends (they + should silently be ignored instead) + + * A few http:// links that are redirected to https:// in the + documentation have been updated to https:// links. + + * Make sure our tests would pass when the sources are checked out + with "platform native" line ending convention by default on + Windows. Some "text" files out tests use and the test scripts + themselves that are meant to be run with /bin/sh, ought to be + checked out with eol=LF even on Windows. + + * Fix memory leaks pointed out by Coverity (and people). + + * The receive-pack program now makes sure that the push certificate + records the same set of push options used for pushing. + + * "git cherry-pick" and other uses of the sequencer machinery + mishandled a trailer block whose last line is an incomplete line. + This has been fixed so that an additional sign-off etc. are added + after completing the existing incomplete line. + + * The shell completion script (in contrib/) learned "git stash" has + a new "push" subcommand. + + * Travis CI gained a task to format the documentation with both + AsciiDoc and AsciiDoctor. + + * Update the C style recommendation for notes for translators, as + recent versions of gettext tools can work with our style of + multi-line comments. + + * "git clone --config var=val" is a way to populate the + per-repository configuration file of the new repository, but it did + not work well when val is an empty string. This has been fixed. + + * A few codepaths in "checkout" and "am" working on an unborn branch + tried to access an uninitialized piece of memory. + + * "git for-each-ref --format=..." with %(HEAD) in the format used to + resolve the HEAD symref as many times as it had processed refs, + which was wasteful, and "git branch" shared the same problem. + + * "git interpret-trailers", when used as GIT_EDITOR for "git commit + -v", looked for and appended to a trailer block at the very end, + i.e. at the end of the "diff" output. The command has been + corrected to pay attention to the cut-mark line "commit -v" adds to + the buffer---the real trailer block should appear just before it. + + * A test allowed both "git push" and "git receive-pack" on the other + end write their traces into the same file. This is OK on platforms + that allows atomically appending to a file opened with O_APPEND, + but on other platforms led to a mangled output, causing + intermittent test failures. This has been fixed by disabling + traces from "receive-pack" in the test. + + * "foo\bar\baz" in "git fetch foo\bar\baz", even though there is no + slashes in it, cannot be a nickname for a remote on Windows, as + that is likely to be a pathname on a local filesystem. + + * The "collision detecting" SHA-1 implementation shipped with 2.13 + was quite broken on some big-endian platforms and/or platforms that + do not like unaligned fetches. Update to the upstream code which + has already fixed these issues. + + * "git am -h" triggered a BUG(). + + * The interaction of "url.*.insteadOf" and custom URL scheme's + whitelisting is now documented better. + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8c2b20071e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +Git v2.13.2 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.13.1 +------------------- + + * The "collision detecting" SHA-1 implementation shipped with 2.13.1 + was still broken on some platforms. Update to the upstream code + again to take their fix. + + * "git checkout --recurse-submodules" did not quite work with a + submodule that itself has submodules. + + * Introduce the BUG() macro to improve die("BUG: ..."). + + * The "run-command" API implementation has been made more robust + against dead-locking in a threaded environment. + + * A recent update to t5545-push-options.sh started skipping all the + tests in the script when a web server testing is disabled or + unavailable, not just the ones that require a web server. Non HTTP + tests have been salvaged to always run in this script. + + * "git clean -d" used to clean directories that has ignored files, + even though the command should not lose ignored ones without "-x". + "git status --ignored" did not list ignored and untracked files + without "-uall". These have been corrected. + + * The timestamp of the index file is now taken after the file is + closed, to help Windows, on which a stale timestamp is reported by + fstat() on a file that is opened for writing and data was written + but not yet closed. + + * "git pull --rebase --autostash" didn't auto-stash when the local history + fast-forwards to the upstream. + + * "git describe --contains" penalized light-weight tags so much that + they were almost never considered. Instead, give them about the + same chance to be considered as an annotated tag that is the same + age as the underlying commit would. + + * The result from "git diff" that compares two blobs, e.g. "git diff + $commit1:$path $commit2:$path", used to be shown with the full + object name as given on the command line, but it is more natural to + use the $path in the output and use it to look up .gitattributes. + + * A flaky test has been corrected. + + * Help contributors that visit us at GitHub. + + * "git stash push <pathspec>" did not work from a subdirectory at all. + Bugfix for a topic in v2.13 + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..5d76ad5310 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +Git v2.13.3 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.13.2 +------------------- + + * The "collision detecting" SHA-1 implementation shipped with 2.13.2 + was still broken on some platforms. Update to the upstream code + again to take their fix. + + * The 'diff-highlight' program (in contrib/) has been restructured + for easier reuse by an external project 'diff-so-fancy'. + + * "git mergetool" learned to work around a wrapper MacOS X adds + around underlying meld. + + * An example in documentation that does not work in multi worktree + configuration has been corrected. + + * The pretty-format specifiers like '%h', '%t', etc. had an + optimization that no longer works correctly. In preparation/hope + of getting it correctly implemented, first discard the optimization + that is broken. + + * The code to pick up and execute command alias definition from the + configuration used to switch to the top of the working tree and + then come back when the expanded alias was executed, which was + unnecessarilyl complex. Attempt to simplify the logic by using the + early-config mechanism that does not chdir around. + + * "git add -p" were updated in 2.12 timeframe to cope with custom + core.commentchar but the implementation was buggy and a + metacharacter like $ and * did not work. + + * Fix a recent regression to "git rebase -i" and add tests that would + have caught it and others. + + * An unaligned 32-bit access in pack-bitmap code ahs been corrected. + + * Tighten error checks for invalid "git apply" input. + + * The split index code did not honor core.sharedrepository setting + correctly. + + * The Makefile rule in contrib/subtree for building documentation + learned to honour USE_ASCIIDOCTOR just like the main documentation + set does. + + * A few tests that tried to verify the contents of push certificates + did not use 'git rev-parse' to formulate the line to look for in + the certificate correctly. + + * After "git branch --move" of the currently checked out branch, the + code to walk the reflog of HEAD via "log -g" and friends + incorrectly stopped at the reflog entry that records the renaming + of the branch. + + * The rewrite of "git branch --list" using for-each-ref's internals + that happened in v2.13 regressed its handling of color.branch.local; + this has been fixed. + +Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4f46ef6fca --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +Git v2.13.4 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.13.3 +------------------- + + * Update the character width tables. + + * A recent update broke an alias that contained an uppercase letter, + which has been fixed. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt index d0f7ef5590..6544e7f82a 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.0.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ Git 2.14 Release Notes ====================== -Backward compatibility notes. +Backward compatibility notes and other notable changes. * Use of an empty string as a pathspec element that is used for 'everything matches' is still warned and Git asks users to use a @@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ Backward compatibility notes. might still be cases that need to be addressed--bug reports are greatly appreciated. + * The experiment to improve the hunk-boundary selection of textual + diff output has finished, and the "indent heuristics" has now + become the default. + + * Git can now be built with PCRE v2 instead of v1 of the PCRE + library. Replace USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease with USE_LIBPCRE2=YesPlease + in existing build scripts to build against the new version. As the + upstream PCRE maintainer has abandoned v1 maintenance for all but + the most critical bug fixes, use of v2 is recommended. + Updates since v2.13 ------------------- @@ -34,32 +44,84 @@ UI, Workflows & Features * "git archive --format=zip" learned to use zip64 extension when necessary to go beyond the 4GB limit. - (merge 867e40ff3a rs/large-zip later to maint). * "git reset" learned "--recurse-submodules" option. * "git diff --submodule=diff" now recurses into nested submodules. - (merge 5a5221427c jk/diff-submodule-diff-inline later to maint). * "git repack" learned to accept the --threads=<n> option and pass it to pack-objects. * "git send-email" learned to run sendemail-validate hook to inspect and reject a message before sending it out. - (merge 6489660b4b jt/send-email-validate-hook later to maint). * There is no good reason why "git fetch $there $sha1" should fail when the $sha1 names an object at the tip of an advertised ref, even when the other side hasn't enabled allowTipSHA1InWant. - * The recently introduced "[includeIf "gitdir:$dir"] path=..." - mechansim has further been taught to take symlinks into account. - The directory "$dir" specified in "gitdir:$dir" may be a symlink to - a real location, not something that $(getcwd) may return. In such - a case, a realpath of "$dir" is compared with the real path of the - current repository to determine if the contents from the named path - should be included. - + * The "[includeIf "gitdir:$dir"] path=..." mechanism introduced in + 2.13.0 would canonicalize the path of the gitdir being matched, + and did not match e.g. "gitdir:~/work/*" against a repo in + "~/work/main" if "~/work" was a symlink to "/mnt/storage/work". + Now we match both the resolved canonical path and what "pwd" would + show. The include will happen if either one matches. + + * The "indent" heuristics is now the default in "diff". The + diff.indentHeuristic configuration variable can be set to "false" + for those who do not want it. + + * Many commands learned to pay attention to submodule.recurse + configuration. + + * The convention for a command line is to follow "git cmdname + --options" with revisions followed by an optional "--" + disambiguator and then finally pathspecs. When "--" is not there, + we make sure early ones are all interpretable as revs (and do not + look like paths) and later ones are the other way around. A + pathspec with "magic" (e.g. ":/p/a/t/h" that matches p/a/t/h from + the top-level of the working tree, no matter what subdirectory you + are working from) are conservatively judged as "not a path", which + required disambiguation more often. The command line parser + learned to say "it's a pathspec" a bit more often when the syntax + looks like so. + + * Update "perl-compatible regular expression" support to enable JIT + and also allow linking with the newer PCRE v2 library. + + * "filter-branch" learned a pseudo filter "--setup" that can be used + to define common functions/variables that can be used by other + filters. + + * Using "git add d/i/r" when d/i/r is the top of the working tree of + a separate repository would create a gitlink in the index, which + would appear as a not-quite-initialized submodule to others. We + learned to give warnings when this happens. + + * "git status" learned to optionally give how many stash entries there + are in its output. + + * "git status" has long shown essentially the same message as "git + commit"; the message it gives while preparing for the root commit, + i.e. "Initial commit", was hard to understand for some new users. + Now it says "No commits yet" to stress more on the current status + (rather than the commit the user is preparing for, which is more in + line with the focus of "git commit"). + + * "git send-email" now has --batch-size and --relogin-delay options + which can be used to overcome limitations on SMTP servers that + restrict on how many of e-mails can be sent in a single session. + + * An old message shown in the commit log template was removed, as it + has outlived its usefulness. + + * "git pull --rebase --recurse-submodules" learns to rebase the + branch in the submodules to an updated base. + + * "git log" learned -P as a synonym for --perl-regexp, "git grep" + already had such a synonym. + + * "git log" didn't understand --regexp-ignore-case when combined with + --perl-regexp. This has been fixed. Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. @@ -69,14 +131,12 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. * Code to update the cache-tree has been tightened so that we won't accidentally write out any 0{40} entry in the tree object. - (merge a96d3cc3f6 jk/no-null-sha1-in-cache-tree later to maint). * Attempt to allow us notice "fishy" situation where we fail to remove the temporary directory used during the test. * Travis CI gained a task to format the documentation with both AsciiDoc and AsciiDoctor. - (merge 505ad91304 ls/travis-doc-asciidoctor later to maint). * Some platforms have ulong that is smaller than time_t, and our historical use of ulong for timestamp would mean they cannot @@ -93,14 +153,11 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. * Simplify parse_pathspec() codepath and stop it from looking at the default in-core index. - (merge 08de9151a8 bw/pathspec-sans-the-index later to maint). * Add perf-test for wildmatch. - (merge 62ca75a6b9 ab/perf-wildmatch later to maint). * Code from "conversion using external process" codepath has been extracted to a separate sub-process.[ch] module. - (merge 4f2a2e9f0e bp/sub-process-convert-filter later to maint). * When "git checkout", "git merge", etc. manipulates the in-core index, various pieces of information in the index extensions are @@ -110,6 +167,95 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. operations now, which would speed up "git status" (as long as the cache is properly invalidated). + * The internal implementation of "git grep" has seen some clean-up. + + * Update the C style recommendation for notes for translators, as + recent versions of gettext tools can work with our style of + multi-line comments. + + * The implementation of "ref" API around the "packed refs" have been + cleaned up, in preparation for further changes. + + * The internal logic used in "git blame" has been libified to make it + easier to use by cgit. + + * Our code often opens a path to an optional file, to work on its + contents when we can successfully open it. We can ignore a failure + to open if such an optional file does not exist, but we do want to + report a failure in opening for other reasons (e.g. we got an I/O + error, or the file is there, but we lack the permission to open). + + The exact errors we need to ignore are ENOENT (obviously) and + ENOTDIR (less obvious). Instead of repeating comparison of errno + with these two constants, introduce a helper function to do so. + + * We often try to open a file for reading whose existence is + optional, and silently ignore errors from open/fopen; report such + errors if they are not due to missing files. + + * When an existing repository is used for t/perf testing, we first + create bit-for-bit copy of it, which may grab a transient state of + the repository and freeze it into the repository used for testing, + which then may cause Git operations to fail. Single out "the index + being locked" case and forcibly drop the lock from the copy. + + * Three instances of the same helper function have been consolidated + to one. + + * "fast-import" uses a default pack chain depth that is consistent + with other parts of the system. + + * A new test to show the interaction between the pattern [^a-z] + (which matches '/') and a slash in a path has been added. The + pattern should not match the slash with "pathmatch", but should + with "wildmatch". + + * The 'diff-highlight' program (in contrib/) has been restructured + for easier reuse by an external project 'diff-so-fancy'. + + * A common pattern to free a piece of memory and assign NULL to the + pointer that used to point at it has been replaced with a new + FREE_AND_NULL() macro. + + * Traditionally, the default die() routine had a code to prevent it + from getting called multiple times, which interacted badly when a + threaded program used it (one downside is that the real error may + be hidden and instead the only error message given to the user may + end up being "die recursion detected", which is not very useful). + + * Introduce a "repository" object to eventually make it easier to + work in multiple repositories (the primary focus is to work with + the superproject and its submodules) in a single process. + + * Optimize "what are the object names already taken in an alternate + object database?" query that is used to derive the length of prefix + an object name is uniquely abbreviated to. + + * The hashmap API has been updated so that data to customize the + behaviour of the comparison function can be specified at the time a + hashmap is initialized. + + * The "collision detecting" SHA-1 implementation shipped with 2.13 is + now integrated into git.git as a submodule (the first submodule to + ship with git.git). Clone git.git with --recurse-submodules to get + it. For now a non-submodule copy of the same code is also shipped + as part of the tree. + + * A recent update made it easier to use "-fsanitize=" option while + compiling but supported only one sanitize option. Allow more than + one to be combined, joined with a comma, like "make SANITIZE=foo,bar". + + * Use "p4 -G" to make "p4 changes" output more Python-friendly + to parse. + + * We started using "%" PRItime, imitating "%" PRIuMAX and friends, as + a way to format the internal timestamp value, but this does not + play well with gettext(1) i18n framework, and causes "make pot" + that is run by the l10n coordinator to create a broken po/git.pot + file. This is a possible workaround for that problem. + + * It turns out that Cygwin also needs the fopen() wrapper that + returns failure when a directory is opened for reading. Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. @@ -128,107 +274,81 @@ notes for details). mishandled a trailer block whose last line is an incomplete line. This has been fixed so that an additional sign-off etc. are added after completing the existing incomplete line. - (merge 44dc738a39 jt/use-trailer-api-in-commands later to maint). * The codepath in "git am" that is used when running "git rebase" leaked memory held for the log message of the commits being rebased. - (merge 721f5f1e35 jk/am-leakfix later to maint). * "git clone --config var=val" is a way to populate the per-repository configuration file of the new repository, but it did not work well when val is an empty string. This has been fixed. - (merge db4eca1fea jn/clone-add-empty-config-from-command-line later to maint). * Setting "log.decorate=false" in the configuration file did not take effect in v2.13, which has been corrected. - (merge c74271aae7 ah/log-decorate-default-to-auto later to maint). * A few codepaths in "checkout" and "am" working on an unborn branch tried to access an uninitialized piece of memory. - (merge 57e0ef0e0e rs/checkout-am-fix-unborn later to maint). * The Web interface to gmane news archive is long gone, even though the articles are still accessible via NTTP. Replace the links with ones to public-inbox.org. Because their message identification is based on the actual message-id, it is likely that it will be easier to migrate away from it if/when necessary. - (merge 5840eb9d14 ab/doc-replace-gmane-links later to maint). * The receive-pack program now makes sure that the push certificate records the same set of push options used for pushing. - (merge cbaf82cc6b jt/push-options-doc later to maint). * Tests have been updated to pass under GETTEXT_POISON (a mechanism to ensure that output strings that should not be translated are not translated by mistake), and TravisCI is told to run them. - (merge b8e188f6f5 ab/fix-poison-tests later to maint). * "git checkout --recurse-submodules" did not quite work with a submodule that itself has submodules. - (merge 218c883783 sb/checkout-recurse-submodules later to maint). - - * Plug some leaks and updates internal API used to implement the - split index feature to make it easier to avoid such a leak in the - future. - (merge de950c5773 nd/split-index-unshare later to maint). * "pack-objects" can stream a slice of an existing packfile out when the pack bitmap can tell that the reachable objects are all needed in the output, without inspecting individual objects. This strategy however would not work well when "--local" and other options are in use, and need to be disabled. - (merge da5a1f8100 jk/disable-pack-reuse-when-broken later to maint). * Fix memory leaks pointed out by Coverity (and people). - (merge 443a12f37b js/plug-leaks later to maint). * "git read-tree -m" (no tree-ish) gave a nonsense suggestion "use --empty if you want to clear the index". With "-m", such a request will still fail anyway, as you'd need to name at least one tree-ish to be merged. - (merge b9b10d3681 jc/read-tree-empty-with-m later to maint). * Make sure our tests would pass when the sources are checked out with "platform native" line ending convention by default on Windows. Some "text" files out tests use and the test scripts themselves that are meant to be run with /bin/sh, ought to be checked out with eol=LF even on Windows. - (merge 2779f66505 js/eol-on-ourselves later to maint). * Introduce the BUG() macro to improve die("BUG: ..."). - (merge 3d7dd2d3b6 jk/bug-to-abort later to maint). * Clarify documentation for include.path and includeIf.<condition>.path configuration variables. - (merge ce933ebd5a jk/doc-config-include later to maint). * Git sometimes gives an advice in a rhetorical question that does not require an answer, which can confuse new users and non native speakers. Attempt to rephrase them. - (merge 6963893943 ja/do-not-ask-needless-questions later to maint). * A few http:// links that are redirected to https:// in the documentation have been updated to https:// links. - (merge 5e68729fd9 jk/update-links-in-docs later to maint). * "git for-each-ref --format=..." with %(HEAD) in the format used to resolve the HEAD symref as many times as it had processed refs, which was wasteful, and "git branch" shared the same problem. - (merge 613a0e52ea kn/ref-filter-branch-list later to maint). * Regression fix to topic recently merged to 'master'. - (merge d096d7f1ef pw/rebase-i-regression-fix later to maint). * The shell completion script (in contrib/) learned "git stash" has a new "push" subcommand. - (merge 3851e4483f tg/stash-push-fixup later to maint). * "git interpret-trailers", when used as GIT_EDITOR for "git commit -v", looked for and appended to a trailer block at the very end, i.e. at the end of the "diff" output. The command has been corrected to pay attention to the cut-mark line "commit -v" adds to the buffer---the real trailer block should appear just before it. - (merge d76650b8d1 bm/interpret-trailers-cut-line-is-eom later to maint). * A test allowed both "git push" and "git receive-pack" on the other end write their traces into the same file. This is OK on platforms @@ -236,39 +356,172 @@ notes for details). but on other platforms led to a mangled output, causing intermittent test failures. This has been fixed by disabling traces from "receive-pack" in the test. - (merge 71406ed4d6 jk/alternate-ref-optim later to maint). * Tag objects, which are not reachable from any ref, that point at missing objects were mishandled by "git gc" and friends (they should silently be ignored instead) - (merge a3ba6bf10a jk/ignore-broken-tags-when-ignoring-missing-links later to maint). * "git describe --contains" penalized light-weight tags so much that they were almost never considered. Instead, give them about the same chance to be considered as an annotated tag that is the same age as the underlying commit would. - (merge ef1e74065c jc/name-rev-lw-tag later to maint). * The "run-command" API implementation has been made more robust against dead-locking in a threaded environment. - (merge e3f43ce765 bw/forking-and-threading later to maint). * A recent update to t5545-push-options.sh started skipping all the tests in the script when a web server testing is disabled or unavailable, not just the ones that require a web server. Non HTTP tests have been salvaged to always run in this script. - (merge 2e397e4ddf jc/skip-test-in-the-middle later to maint). * "git send-email" now uses Net::SMTP::SSL, which is obsolete, only when needed. Recent versions of Net::SMTP can do TLS natively. - (merge 0ead000c3a dk/send-email-avoid-net-smtp-ssl-when-able later to maint). + + * "foo\bar\baz" in "git fetch foo\bar\baz", even though there is no + slashes in it, cannot be a nickname for a remote on Windows, as + that is likely to be a pathname on a local filesystem. + + * "git clean -d" used to clean directories that has ignored files, + even though the command should not lose ignored ones without "-x". + "git status --ignored" did not list ignored and untracked files + without "-uall". These have been corrected. + + * The result from "git diff" that compares two blobs, e.g. "git diff + $commit1:$path $commit2:$path", used to be shown with the full + object name as given on the command line, but it is more natural to + use the $path in the output and use it to look up .gitattributes. + + * The "collision detecting" SHA-1 implementation shipped with 2.13 + was quite broken on some big-endian platforms and/or platforms that + do not like unaligned fetches. Update to the upstream code which + has already fixed these issues. + + * "git am -h" triggered a BUG(). + + * The interaction of "url.*.insteadOf" and custom URL scheme's + whitelisting is now documented better. + + * The timestamp of the index file is now taken after the file is + closed, to help Windows, on which a stale timestamp is reported by + fstat() on a file that is opened for writing and data was written + but not yet closed. + + * "git pull --rebase --autostash" didn't auto-stash when the local history + fast-forwards to the upstream. + + * A flaky test has been corrected. + + * "git $cmd -h" for builtin commands calls the implementation of the + command (i.e. cmd_$cmd() function) without doing any repository + set-up, and the commands that expect RUN_SETUP is done by the Git + potty needs to be prepared to show the help text without barfing. + (merge d691551192 jk/consistent-h later to maint). + + * Help contributors that visit us at GitHub. + + * "git stash push <pathspec>" did not work from a subdirectory at all. + Bugfix for a topic in v2.13 + + * As there is no portable way to pass timezone information to + strftime, some output format from "git log" and friends are + impossible to produce. Teach our own strbuf_addftime to replace %z + and %Z with caller-supplied values to help working around this. + (merge 6eced3ec5e rs/strbuf-addftime-zZ later to maint). + + * "git mergetool" learned to work around a wrapper MacOS X adds + around underlying meld. + + * An example in documentation that does not work in multi worktree + configuration has been corrected. + + * The pretty-format specifiers like '%h', '%t', etc. had an + optimization that no longer works correctly. In preparation/hope + of getting it correctly implemented, first discard the optimization + that is broken. + + * The code to pick up and execute command alias definition from the + configuration used to switch to the top of the working tree and + then come back when the expanded alias was executed, which was + unnecessarilyl complex. Attempt to simplify the logic by using the + early-config mechanism that does not chdir around. + + * Fix configuration codepath to pay proper attention to commondir + that is used in multi-worktree situation, and isolate config API + into its own header file. + (merge dc8441fdb4 bw/config-h later to maint). + + * "git add -p" were updated in 2.12 timeframe to cope with custom + core.commentchar but the implementation was buggy and a + metacharacter like $ and * did not work. + + * A recent regression in "git rebase -i" has been fixed and tests + that would have caught it and others have been added. + + * An unaligned 32-bit access in pack-bitmap code has been corrected. + + * Tighten error checks for invalid "git apply" input. + + * The split index code did not honor core.sharedRepository setting + correctly. + + * The Makefile rule in contrib/subtree for building documentation + learned to honour USE_ASCIIDOCTOR just like the main documentation + set does. + + * Code clean-up to fix possible buffer over-reading. + (merge 2d105451c0 rs/apply-avoid-over-reading later to maint). + + * A few tests that tried to verify the contents of push certificates + did not use 'git rev-parse' to formulate the line to look for in + the certificate correctly. + + * Update the character width tables. + (merge 7560aacd7c bb/unicode-10.0 later to maint). + + * After "git branch --move" of the currently checked out branch, the + code to walk the reflog of HEAD via "log -g" and friends + incorrectly stopped at the reflog entry that records the renaming + of the branch. + + * The rewrite of "git branch --list" using for-each-ref's internals + that happened in v2.13 regressed its handling of color.branch.local; + this has been fixed. + + * The build procedure has been improved to allow building and testing + Git with address sanitizer more easily. + (merge 425ca6710b jk/build-with-asan later to maint). + + * On Cygwin, similar to Windows, "git push //server/share/repository" + ought to mean a repository on a network share that can be accessed + locally, but this did not work correctly due to stripping the double + slashes at the beginning. + (merge 496f256989 tb/push-to-cygwin-unc-path later to maint). + + * The progress meter did not give a useful output when we haven't had + 0.5 seconds to measure the throughput during the interval. Instead + show the overall throughput rate at the end, which is a much more + useful number. + (merge 0fae1e072a rs/progress-overall-throughput-at-the-end later to maint). + + * Code clean-up, that makes us in sync with Debian by one patch. + (merge 8db1ae5740 jn/hooks-pre-rebase-sample-fix later to maint). + + * We run an early part of "git gc" that deals with refs before + daemonising (and not under lock) even when running a background + auto-gc, which caused multiple gc processes attempting to run the + early part at the same time. This is now prevented by running the + early part also under the GC lock. + (merge c45af94dbc jk/gc-pre-detach-under-hook later to maint). + + * A recent update broke an alias that contained an uppercase letter. + (merge 643df7e234 js/alias-case-sensitivity later to maint). * Other minor doc, test and build updates and code cleanups. - (merge 515360f9e9 jn/credential-doc-on-clear later to maint). - (merge 0e6d899fee ab/aix-needs-compat-regex later to maint). - (merge e294e8959f jc/apply-fix-mismerge later to maint). - (merge 7f1b225153 bw/submodule-with-bs-path later to maint). - (merge c8f7c8b704 tb/dedup-crlf-tests later to maint). - (merge 449456ad47 sg/core-filemode-doc-typofix later to maint). - (merge ba4dce784e km/log-showsignature-doc later to maint). - (merge c5a9157393 jh/memihash-opt later to maint). + (merge 3f9c637ec7 pw/unquote-path-in-git-pm later to maint). + (merge 5053313562 rs/urlmatch-cleanup later to maint). + (merge 42c78a216e rs/use-div-round-up later to maint). + (merge 5e8d2729ae rs/wt-status-cleanup later to maint). + (merge 01826066b0 ks/fix-rebase-doc-picture later to maint). + (merge f7f6dc340e jk/test-copy-bytes-fix later to maint). + (merge 9fb9495dae ew/fd-cloexec-fix later to maint). + (merge 3a33fe5c97 ks/doc-fixes later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index 43d830ee3b..d5c9c4cab6 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -348,6 +348,9 @@ advice.*:: rmHints:: In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1], show directions on how to proceed from the current state. + addEmbeddedRepo:: + Advice on what to do when you've accidentally added one + git repo inside of another. -- core.fileMode:: @@ -683,7 +686,8 @@ core.packedGitLimit:: bytes at once to complete an operation it will unmap existing regions to reclaim virtual address space within the process. + -Default is 256 MiB on 32 bit platforms and 8 GiB on 64 bit platforms. +Default is 256 MiB on 32 bit platforms and 32 TiB (effectively +unlimited) on 64 bit platforms. This should be reasonable for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects. You probably do not need to adjust this value. + @@ -883,6 +887,7 @@ core.abbrev:: computed based on the approximate number of packed objects in your repository, which hopefully is enough for abbreviated object names to stay unique for some time. + The minimum length is 4. add.ignoreErrors:: add.ignore-errors (deprecated):: @@ -2619,7 +2624,7 @@ rebase.autoSquash:: If set to true enable `--autosquash` option by default. rebase.autoStash:: - When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash + When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash entry before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation ends. This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree. However, use with care: the final stash application after a @@ -2941,6 +2946,16 @@ sendemail.xmailer:: sendemail.signedoffcc (deprecated):: Deprecated alias for `sendemail.signedoffbycc`. +sendemail.smtpBatchSize:: + Number of messages to be sent per connection, after that a relogin + will happen. If the value is 0 or undefined, send all messages in + one connection. + See also the `--batch-size` option of linkgit:git-send-email[1]. + +sendemail.smtpReloginDelay:: + Seconds wait before reconnecting to smtp server. + See also the `--relogin-delay` option of linkgit:git-send-email[1]. + showbranch.default:: The default set of branches for linkgit:git-show-branch[1]. See linkgit:git-show-branch[1]. @@ -2991,6 +3006,11 @@ status.displayCommentPrefix:: behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous. Defaults to false. +status.showStash:: + If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will display the number of + entries currently stashed away. + Defaults to false. + status.showUntrackedFiles:: By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which @@ -3028,12 +3048,12 @@ status.submoduleSummary:: stash.showPatch:: If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an - option will show the stash in patch form. Defaults to false. + option will show the stash entry in patch form. Defaults to false. See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1]. stash.showStat:: If this is set to true, the `git stash show` command without an - option will show diffstat of the stash. Defaults to true. + option will show diffstat of the stash entry. Defaults to true. See description of 'show' command in linkgit:git-stash[1]. submodule.<name>.url:: @@ -3090,6 +3110,11 @@ submodule.active:: submodule's path to determine if the submodule is of interest to git commands. +submodule.recurse:: + Specifies if commands recurse into submodules by default. This + applies to all commands that have a `--recurse-submodules` option. + Defaults to false. + submodule.fetchJobs:: Specifies how many submodules are fetched/cloned at the same time. A positive integer allows up to that number of submodules fetched @@ -3235,6 +3260,13 @@ url.<base>.insteadOf:: the best alternative for the particular user, even for a never-before-seen repository on the site. When more than one insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used. ++ +Note that any protocol restrictions will be applied to the rewritten +URL. If the rewrite changes the URL to use a custom protocol or remote +helper, you may need to adjust the `protocol.*.allow` config to permit +the request. In particular, protocols you expect to use for submodules +must be set to `always` rather than the default of `user`. See the +description of `protocol.allow` above. url.<base>.pushInsteadOf:: Any URL that starts with this value will not be pushed to; diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt index 7ed63dce0b..f4169fb1ec 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-add.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt @@ -165,6 +165,13 @@ for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files. be ignored, no matter if they are already present in the work tree or not. +--no-warn-embedded-repo:: + By default, `git add` will warn when adding an embedded + repository to the index without using `git submodule add` to + create an entry in `.gitmodules`. This option will suppress the + warning (e.g., if you are manually performing operations on + submodules). + --chmod=(+|-)x:: Override the executable bit of the added files. The executable bit is only changed in the index, the files on disk are left diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt index afb06adba4..8c74a2ca03 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt @@ -196,11 +196,12 @@ whitespace:: verbatim:: Do not change the message at all. scissors:: - Same as `whitespace`, except that everything from (and - including) the line - "`# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------`" - is truncated if the message is to be edited. "`#`" can be - customized with core.commentChar. + Same as `whitespace` except that everything from (and including) + the line found below is truncated, if the message is to be edited. + "`#`" can be customized with core.commentChar. + + # ------------------------ >8 ------------------------ + default:: Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited. Otherwise `whitespace`. diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt index 2b762654bf..3d3d219e58 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Performance and Compression Tuning --depth=<n>:: Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification. - Default is 10. + Default is 50. --export-pack-edges=<file>:: After creating a packfile, print a line of data to diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt index 6e4bb02204..9e5169aa64 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt @@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ git-filter-branch - Rewrite branches SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git filter-branch' [--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>] - [--index-filter <command>] [--parent-filter <command>] - [--msg-filter <command>] [--commit-filter <command>] - [--tag-name-filter <command>] [--subdirectory-filter <directory>] - [--prune-empty] +'git filter-branch' [--setup <command>] [--env-filter <command>] + [--tree-filter <command>] [--index-filter <command>] + [--parent-filter <command>] [--msg-filter <command>] + [--commit-filter <command>] [--tag-name-filter <command>] + [--subdirectory-filter <directory>] [--prune-empty] [--original <namespace>] [-d <directory>] [-f | --force] [--] [<rev-list options>...] @@ -82,12 +82,18 @@ multiple commits. OPTIONS ------- +--setup <command>:: + This is not a real filter executed for each commit but a one + time setup just before the loop. Therefore no commit-specific + variables are defined yet. Functions or variables defined here + can be used or modified in the following filter steps except + the commit filter, for technical reasons. + --env-filter <command>:: This filter may be used if you only need to modify the environment in which the commit will be performed. Specifically, you might want to rewrite the author/committer name/email/time environment - variables (see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] for details). Do not forget - to re-export the variables. + variables (see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] for details). --tree-filter <command>:: This is the filter for rewriting the tree and its contents. @@ -340,12 +346,10 @@ git filter-branch --env-filter ' if test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "root@localhost" then GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=john@example.com - export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL fi if test "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "root@localhost" then GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=john@example.com - export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL fi ' -- --all -------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt index 71f32f3508..5033483db4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt @@ -161,8 +161,11 @@ OPTIONS -P:: --perl-regexp:: - Use Perl-compatible regexp for patterns. Requires libpcre to be - compiled in. + Use Perl-compatible regular expressions for patterns. ++ +Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional +compile-time dependency. If Git wasn't compiled with support for them +providing this option will cause it to die. -F:: --fixed-strings:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt index 09074c75a4..31cdeaecdf 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ trailer.ifexists:: same <token> in the message. + The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this -is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `overwrite` or `doNothing`. +is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `replace` or `doNothing`. + With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index 942af8e0f7..ce05b7a5b1 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ OPTIONS --[no-]recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]:: This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should - be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]). - That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule - commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a - merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update" - has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the - merge result. + be fetched and updated, too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and + linkgit:gitmodules[5]). ++ +If the checkout is done via rebase, local submodule commits are rebased as well. ++ +If the update is done via merge, the submodule conflicts are resolved and checked out. Options related to merging ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully. --autostash:: --no-autostash:: Before starting rebase, stash local modifications away (see - linkgit:git-stash[1]) if needed, and apply the stash when + linkgit:git-stash[1]) if needed, and apply the stash entry when done. `--no-autostash` is useful to override the `rebase.autoStash` configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). + @@ -159,15 +159,15 @@ present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted -and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line -in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used. +and if there is not any such variable, the value on the `URL:` line +in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` is used. In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` -file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used. +is consulted and its `Pull:` lines are used. In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this: diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 53f4e14444..4f6bed61a9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ used to override and disable this setting. --autostash:: --no-autostash:: - Automatically create a temporary stash before the operation + Automatically create a temporary stash entry before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation ends. This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree. However, use with care: the final stash application after a successful @@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ on this 'subsystem'. You might end up with a history like the following: ------------ - o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o master + o---o---o---o---o---o---o---o master \ o---o---o---o---o subsystem \ diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt index 8a21198d65..1d697d9962 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt @@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ $ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4> in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files and changes with these files are distracting. -<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging. +<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sound worthy of merging. <3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going to make does not affect frotz.c or filfre.c, so you revert the @@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ $ git reset --keep start <3> Split a commit apart into a sequence of commits:: + -Suppose that you have created lots of logically separate changes and commited +Suppose that you have created lots of logically separate changes and committed them together. Then, later you decide that it might be better to have each logical chunk associated with its own commit. You can use git reset to rewind history without changing the contents of your local files, and then successively diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index c40c470448..b1293f24bb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -126,6 +126,12 @@ can be used. 'git diff-{asterisk}'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option, the command input is still interpreted as usual. +--short[=length]:: + Same as `--verify` but shortens the object name to a unique + prefix with at least `length` characters. The minimum length + is 4, the default is the effective value of the `core.abbrev` + configuration variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]). + --not:: When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have @@ -136,12 +142,6 @@ can be used. The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict abbreviation mode. ---short:: ---short=number:: - Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to - abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified - 7 is used. The minimum length is 4. - --symbolic:: Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt index f1efc116eb..683e591330 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt @@ -140,10 +140,11 @@ Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it) -still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced -or not - to protect the submodule's history. If it exists the -submodule.<name> section in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file will also -be removed and that file will be staged (unless --cached or -n are used). +still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will move the submodules +git directory into the superprojects git directory to protect +the submodule's history. If it exists the submodule.<name> section +in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file will also be removed and that file +will be staged (unless --cached or -n are used). A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked @@ -152,8 +153,8 @@ Ignored files are deemed expendable and won't stop a submodule's work tree from being removed. If you only want to remove the local checkout of a submodule from your -work tree without committing the removal, -use linkgit:git-submodule[1] `deinit` instead. +work tree without committing the removal, use linkgit:git-submodule[1] `deinit` +instead. Also see linkgit:gitsubmodules[7] for details on submodule removal. EXAMPLES -------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index bb23b02caf..bac9014ac7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -248,6 +248,21 @@ must be used for each option. commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS connection and authentication problems. +--batch-size=<num>:: + Some email servers (e.g. smtp.163.com) limit the number emails to be + sent per session (connection) and this will lead to a faliure when + sending many messages. With this option, send-email will disconnect after + sending $<num> messages and wait for a few seconds (see --relogin-delay) + and reconnect, to work around such a limit. You may want to + use some form of credential helper to avoid having to retype + your password every time this happens. Defaults to the + `sendemail.smtpBatchSize` configuration variable. + +--relogin-delay=<int>:: + Waiting $<int> seconds before reconnecting to SMTP server. Used together + with --batch-size option. Defaults to the `sendemail.smtpReloginDelay` + configuration variable. + Automating ~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt index 70191d06b6..00f95fee1f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -51,18 +51,18 @@ OPTIONS save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]:: push [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [-m|--message <message>] [--] [<pathspec>...]:: - Save your local modifications to a new 'stash' and roll them + Save your local modifications to a new 'stash entry' and roll them back to HEAD (in the working tree and in the index). The <message> part is optional and gives the description along with the stashed state. + For quickly making a snapshot, you can omit "push". In this mode, non-option arguments are not allowed to prevent a misspelled -subcommand from making an unwanted stash. The two exceptions to this +subcommand from making an unwanted stash entry. The two exceptions to this are `stash -p` which acts as alias for `stash push -p` and pathspecs, which are allowed after a double hyphen `--` for disambiguation. + -When pathspec is given to 'git stash push', the new stash records the +When pathspec is given to 'git stash push', the new stash entry records the modified states only for the files that match the pathspec. The index entries and working tree files are then rolled back to the state in HEAD only for these files, too, leaving files that do not match the @@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use list [<options>]:: - List the stashes that you currently have. Each 'stash' is listed - with its name (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@{1}` is + List the stash entries that you currently have. Each 'stash entry' is + listed with its name (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the latest entry, `stash@{1}` is the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the - stash was made, and a short description of the commit the stash was + entry was made, and a short description of the commit the entry was based on. + ---------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -105,11 +105,12 @@ command to control what is shown and how. See linkgit:git-log[1]. show [<stash>]:: - Show the changes recorded in the stash as a diff between the - stashed state and its original parent. When no `<stash>` is given, - shows the latest one. By default, the command shows the diffstat, but - it will accept any format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show - -p stash@{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form). + Show the changes recorded in the stash entry as a diff between the + stashed contents and the commit back when the stash entry was first + created. When no `<stash>` is given, it shows the latest one. + By default, the command shows the diffstat, but it will accept any + format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show -p stash@{1}` + to view the second most recent entry in patch form). You can use stash.showStat and/or stash.showPatch config variables to change the default behavior. @@ -149,26 +150,27 @@ branch <branchname> [<stash>]:: + This is useful if the branch on which you ran `git stash save` has changed enough that `git stash apply` fails due to conflicts. Since -the stash is applied on top of the commit that was HEAD at the time -`git stash` was run, it restores the originally stashed state with -no conflicts. +the stash entry is applied on top of the commit that was HEAD at the +time `git stash` was run, it restores the originally stashed state +with no conflicts. clear:: - Remove all the stashed states. Note that those states will then + Remove all the stash entries. Note that those entries will then be subject to pruning, and may be impossible to recover (see 'Examples' below for a possible strategy). drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]:: - Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no `<stash>` - is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise - `<stash>` must be a valid stash log reference of the form - `stash@{<revision>}`. + Remove a single stash entry from the list of stash entries. + When no `<stash>` is given, it removes the latest one. + i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise `<stash>` must be a valid stash + log reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`. create:: - Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its - object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace. + Create a stash entry (which is a regular commit object) and + return its object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref + namespace. This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above. @@ -182,10 +184,10 @@ store:: DISCUSSION ---------- -A stash is represented as a commit whose tree records the state of the -working directory, and its first parent is the commit at `HEAD` when -the stash was created. The tree of the second parent records the -state of the index when the stash is made, and it is made a child of +A stash entry is represented as a commit whose tree records the state +of the working directory, and its first parent is the commit at `HEAD` +when the entry was created. The tree of the second parent records the +state of the index when the entry is made, and it is made a child of the `HEAD` commit. The ancestry graph looks like this: .----W @@ -269,12 +271,12 @@ $ edit/build/test remaining parts $ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts' ---------------------------------------------------------------- -Recovering stashes that were cleared/dropped erroneously:: +Recovering stash entries that were cleared/dropped erroneously:: -If you mistakenly drop or clear stashes, they cannot be recovered +If you mistakenly drop or clear stash entries, they cannot be recovered through the normal safety mechanisms. However, you can try the -following incantation to get a list of stashes that are still in your -repository, but not reachable any more: +following incantation to get a list of stash entries that are still in +your repository, but not reachable any more: + ---------------------------------------------------------------- git fsck --unreachable | diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt index d70abc6afe..d47f198f15 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-status.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt @@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ OPTIONS --branch:: Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format. +--show-stash:: + Show the number of entries currently stashed away. + --porcelain[=<version>]:: Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt index 74bc6200d5..ff612001d2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt @@ -24,37 +24,7 @@ DESCRIPTION ----------- Inspects, updates and manages submodules. -A submodule allows you to keep another Git repository in a subdirectory -of your repository. The other repository has its own history, which does not -interfere with the history of the current repository. This can be used to -have external dependencies such as third party libraries for example. - -When cloning or pulling a repository containing submodules however, -these will not be checked out by default; the 'init' and 'update' -subcommands will maintain submodules checked out and at -appropriate revision in your working tree. - -Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry -in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object -within the inner repository that is completely separate. -A record in the `.gitmodules` (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) file at the -root of the source tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and -describes the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from. -The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your -local repository configuration (see 'submodule init'). - -Submodules are not to be confused with remotes, which are other -repositories of the same project; submodules are meant for -different projects you would like to make part of your source tree, -while the history of the two projects still stays completely -independent and you cannot modify the contents of the submodule -from within the main project. -If you want to merge the project histories and want to treat the -aggregated whole as a single project from then on, you may want to -add a remote for the other project and use the 'subtree' merge strategy, -instead of treating the other project as a submodule. Directories -that come from both projects can be cloned and checked out as a whole -if you choose to go that route. +For more information about submodules, see linkgit:gitsubmodules[7]. COMMANDS -------- @@ -63,14 +33,6 @@ add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>] [--dep to the changeset to be committed next to the current project: the current project is termed the "superproject". + -This requires at least one argument: <repository>. The optional -argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule -to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the -"humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for -"/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git"). -The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its -configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name. -+ <repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository. This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./ or ../), the location relative to the superproject's default remote @@ -87,21 +49,22 @@ If the superproject doesn't have a default remote configured the superproject is its own authoritative upstream and the current working directory is used instead. + -<path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to -exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the -submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does -exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added -to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided -to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes -the user will later push the submodule to the given URL. +The optional argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned +submodule to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the +canonical part of the source repository is used ("repo" for +"/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git"). If <path> +exists and is already a valid Git repository, then it is staged +for commit without cloning. The <path> is also used as the submodule's +logical name in its configuration entries unless `--name` is used +to specify a logical name. + -In either case, the given URL is recorded into .gitmodules for -use by subsequent users cloning the superproject. If the URL is -given relative to the superproject's repository, the presumption -is the superproject and submodule repositories will be kept -together in the same relative location, and only the -superproject's URL needs to be provided: git-submodule will correctly -locate the submodule using the relative URL in .gitmodules. +The given URL is recorded into `.gitmodules` for use by subsequent users +cloning the superproject. If the URL is given relative to the +superproject's repository, the presumption is the superproject and +submodule repositories will be kept together in the same relative +location, and only the superproject's URL needs to be provided. +git-submodule will correctly locate the submodule using the relative +URL in `.gitmodules`. status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]:: Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the @@ -123,7 +86,7 @@ too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree). init [--] [<path>...]:: Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were added and committed elsewhere) by setting `submodule.$name.url` - in .git/config. It uses the same setting from .gitmodules as + in .git/config. It uses the same setting from `.gitmodules` as a template. If the URL is relative, it will be resolved using the default remote. If there is no default remote, the current repository will be assumed to be upstream. @@ -141,7 +104,7 @@ you can also just use `git submodule update --init` without the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize any submodule locations. + -See the add subcommand for the defintion of default remote. +See the add subcommand for the definition of default remote. deinit [-f|--force] (--all|[--] <path>...):: Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole @@ -149,15 +112,17 @@ deinit [-f|--force] (--all|[--] <path>...):: tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach` and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to - have a local checkout of the submodule in your working tree anymore. If - you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit - that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead. + have a local checkout of the submodule in your working tree anymore. + When the command is run without pathspec, it errors out, instead of deinit-ing everything, to prevent mistakes. + If `--force` is specified, the submodule's working tree will be removed even if it contains local modifications. ++ +If you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit +that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead. See linkgit:gitsubmodules[7] for removal +options. update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [--[no-]recommend-shallow] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--jobs <n>] [--] [<path>...]:: + @@ -197,7 +162,7 @@ configuration variable: none;; the submodule is not updated. If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the -setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the +setting as stored in `.gitmodules`, you can automatically initialize the submodule with the `--init` option. If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the @@ -220,7 +185,7 @@ foreach [--recursive] <command>:: Evaluates an arbitrary shell command in each checked out submodule. The command has access to the variables $name, $path, $sha1 and $toplevel: - $name is the name of the relevant submodule section in .gitmodules, + $name is the name of the relevant submodule section in `.gitmodules`, $path is the name of the submodule directory relative to the superproject, $sha1 is the commit as recorded in the superproject, and $toplevel is the absolute path to the top-level of the superproject. @@ -242,7 +207,7 @@ git submodule foreach 'echo $path `git rev-parse HEAD`' sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]:: Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting - to the value specified in .gitmodules. It will only affect those + to the value specified in `.gitmodules`. It will only affect those submodules which already have a URL entry in .git/config (that is the case when they are initialized or freshly added). This is useful when submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local @@ -413,7 +378,7 @@ for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully. --[no-]recommend-shallow:: This option is only valid for the update command. The initial clone of a submodule will use the recommended - `submodule.<name>.shallow` as provided by the .gitmodules file + `submodule.<name>.shallow` as provided by the `.gitmodules` file by default. To ignore the suggestions use `--no-recommend-shallow`. -j <n>:: @@ -429,12 +394,16 @@ for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully. FILES ----- -When initializing submodules, a .gitmodules file in the top-level directory +When initializing submodules, a `.gitmodules` file in the top-level directory of the containing repository is used to find the url of each submodule. This file should be formatted in the same way as `$GIT_DIR/config`. The key to each submodule url is "submodule.$name.url". See linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details. +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:gitsubmodules[7], linkgit:gitmodules[5]. + GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index 9bee9b0c4c..aa2aeabb60 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ If you still want the old default, you can get it by passing `--prefix ""` on the command line (`--prefix=""` may not work if your Perl's Getopt::Long is < v2.37). +--ignore-refs=<regex>;; + When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will + be preserved as a config key. See 'fetch' for a description + of `--ignore-refs`. --ignore-paths=<regex>;; When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will be preserved as a config key. See 'fetch' for a description @@ -138,6 +142,18 @@ the same local time zone. --parent;; Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD. +--ignore-refs=<regex>;; + Ignore refs for branches or tags matching the Perl regular + expression. A "negative look-ahead assertion" like + `^refs/remotes/origin/(?!tags/wanted-tag|wanted-branch).*$` + can be used to allow only certain refs. ++ +[verse] +config key: svn-remote.<name>.ignore-refs ++ +If the ignore-refs configuration key is set, and the command-line +option is also given, both regular expressions will be used. + --ignore-paths=<regex>;; This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will cause skipping of all matching paths from checkout from SVN. @@ -443,6 +459,21 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log' (URL) may be omitted if you are working from a 'git svn'-aware repository (that has been `init`-ed with 'git svn'). The -r<revision> option is required for this. ++ +The commit message is supplied either directly with the `-m` or `-F` +option, or indirectly from the tag or commit when the second tree-ish +denotes such an object, or it is requested by invoking an editor (see +`--edit` option below). + +-m <msg>;; +--message=<msg>;; + Use the given `msg` as the commit message. This option + disables the `--edit` option. + +-F <filename>;; +--file=<filename>;; + Take the commit message from the given file. This option + disables the `--edit` option. 'info':: Shows information about a file or directory similar to what diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt index f8a0b787f4..1eb15afa1c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git tag' [-a | -s | -u <keyid>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> [<commit> | <object>] 'git tag' -d <tagname>... -'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--contains <commit>] +'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--no-contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] [--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--create-reflog] [--sort=<key>] [--format=<format>] [--[no-]merged [<commit>]] [<pattern>...] diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index fb10314c1d..7dd5e03280 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -35,516 +35,6 @@ manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax. A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation can be viewed at `https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html`. -ifdef::stalenotes[] -[NOTE] -============ - -You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly -unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master' -branch of the `git.git` repository. -Documentation for older releases are available here: - -* link:v2.13.0/git.html[documentation for release 2.13] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.13.0.txt[2.13]. - - -* link:v2.12.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.12.3] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.12.3.txt[2.12.3], - link:RelNotes/2.12.2.txt[2.12.2], - link:RelNotes/2.12.1.txt[2.12.1], - link:RelNotes/2.12.0.txt[2.12]. - -* link:v2.11.1/git.html[documentation for release 2.11.1] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.11.2.txt[2.11.2], - link:RelNotes/2.11.1.txt[2.11.1], - link:RelNotes/2.11.0.txt[2.11]. - -* link:v2.10.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.10.3] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.10.3.txt[2.10.3], - link:RelNotes/2.10.2.txt[2.10.2], - link:RelNotes/2.10.1.txt[2.10.1], - link:RelNotes/2.10.0.txt[2.10]. - -* link:v2.9.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.9.4] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.9.4.txt[2.9.4], - link:RelNotes/2.9.3.txt[2.9.3], - link:RelNotes/2.9.2.txt[2.9.2], - link:RelNotes/2.9.1.txt[2.9.1], - link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9]. - -* link:v2.8.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.8.5] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.8.5.txt[2.8.5], - link:RelNotes/2.8.4.txt[2.8.4], - link:RelNotes/2.8.3.txt[2.8.3], - link:RelNotes/2.8.2.txt[2.8.2], - link:RelNotes/2.8.1.txt[2.8.1], - link:RelNotes/2.8.0.txt[2.8]. - -* link:v2.7.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.5] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.7.5.txt[2.7.5], - link:RelNotes/2.7.4.txt[2.7.4], - link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3], - link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2], - link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1], - link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7]. - -* link:v2.6.7/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.7] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.6.7.txt[2.6.7], - link:RelNotes/2.6.6.txt[2.6.6], - link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5], - link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4], - link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3], - link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2], - link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1], - link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6]. - -* link:v2.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.6] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.5.6.txt[2.5.6], - link:RelNotes/2.5.5.txt[2.5.5], - link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4], - link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3], - link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2], - link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1], - link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5]. - -* link:v2.4.12/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.12] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.4.12.txt[2.4.12], - link:RelNotes/2.4.11.txt[2.4.11], - link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10], - link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9], - link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8], - link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7], - link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6], - link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5], - link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4], - link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3], - link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2], - link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1], - link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4]. - -* link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10], - link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9], - link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8], - link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7], - link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6], - link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5], - link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4], - link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3], - link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2], - link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1], - link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3]. - -* link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3], - link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2], - link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1], - link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2]. - -* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4], - link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3], - link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2], - link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1], - link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1]. - -* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5], - link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4], - link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3], - link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2], - link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1], - link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0]. - -* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5], - link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4], - link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3], - link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2], - link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1], - link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0]. - -* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6] - -* release notes for - link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6], - link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5], - link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4], - link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3], - link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2], - link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1], - link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5]. - -* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5] - 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link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3], - link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2], - link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1], - link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0]. - -* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4], - link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3], - link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6], - link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13]. - -============ - -endif::stalenotes[] OPTIONS ------- diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index 4049a0b9a8..c4f2be2542 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ From a clean working directory: ------------------------------------------------- $ echo "* text=auto" >.gitattributes -$ rm .git/index # Remove the index to re-scan the working directory +$ git read-tree --empty # Clean index, force re-scan of working directory $ git add . $ git status # Show files that will be normalized $ git commit -m "Introduce end-of-line normalization" diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt index dfe7d83727..9f13266a68 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt @@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ different things. * The `--index` option is used to ask a command that usually works on files in the working tree to *also* affect the index. For example, `git stash apply` usually - merges changes recorded in a stash to the working tree, + merges changes recorded in a stash entry to the working tree, but with the `--index` option, it also merges changes to the index as well. diff --git a/Documentation/gitsubmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitsubmodules.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46cf120f66 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/gitsubmodules.txt @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +gitsubmodules(7) +================ + +NAME +---- +gitsubmodules - mounting one repository inside another + +SYNOPSIS +-------- + .gitmodules, $GIT_DIR/config +------------------ +git submodule +git <command> --recurse-submodules +------------------ + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +A submodule is a repository embedded inside another repository. +The submodule has its own history; the repository it is embedded +in is called a superproject. + +On the filesystem, a submodule usually (but not always - see FORMS below) +consists of (i) a Git directory located under the `$GIT_DIR/modules/` +directory of its superproject, (ii) a working directory inside the +superproject's working directory, and a `.git` file at the root of +the submodule’s working directory pointing to (i). + +Assuming the submodule has a Git directory at `$GIT_DIR/modules/foo/` +and a working directory at `path/to/bar/`, the superproject tracks the +submodule via a `gitlink` entry in the tree at `path/to/bar` and an entry +in its `.gitmodules` file (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) of the form +`submodule.foo.path = path/to/bar`. + +The `gitlink` entry contains the object name of the commit that the +superproject expects the submodule’s working directory to be at. + +The section `submodule.foo.*` in the `.gitmodules` file gives additional +hints to Gits porcelain layer such as where to obtain the submodule via +the `submodule.foo.url` setting. + +Submodules can be used for at least two different use cases: + +1. Using another project while maintaining independent history. + Submodules allow you to contain the working tree of another project + within your own working tree while keeping the history of both + projects separate. Also, since submodules are fixed to an arbitrary + version, the other project can be independently developed without + affecting the superproject, allowing the superproject project to + fix itself to new versions only when desired. + +2. Splitting a (logically single) project into multiple + repositories and tying them back together. This can be used to + overcome current limitations of Gits implementation to have + finer grained access: + + * Size of the git repository: + In its current form Git scales up poorly for large repositories containing + content that is not compressed by delta computation between trees. + However you can also use submodules to e.g. hold large binary assets + and these repositories are then shallowly cloned such that you do not + have a large history locally. + * Transfer size: + In its current form Git requires the whole working tree present. It + does not allow partial trees to be transferred in fetch or clone. + * Access control: + By restricting user access to submodules, this can be used to implement + read/write policies for different users. + +The configuration of submodules +------------------------------- + +Submodule operations can be configured using the following mechanisms +(from highest to lowest precedence): + + * The command line for those commands that support taking submodule specs. + Most commands have a boolean flag '--recurse-submodules' whether to + recurse into submodules. Examples are `ls-files` or `checkout`. + Some commands take enums, such as `fetch` and `push`, where you can + specify how submodules are affected. + + * The configuration inside the submodule. This includes `$GIT_DIR/config` + in the submodule, but also settings in the tree such as a `.gitattributes` + or `.gitignore` files that specify behavior of commands inside the + submodule. ++ +For example an effect from the submodule's `.gitignore` file +would be observed when you run `git status --ignore-submodules=none` in +the superproject. This collects information from the submodule's working +directory by running `status` in the submodule, which does pay attention +to its `.gitignore` file. ++ +The submodule's `$GIT_DIR/config` file would come into play when running +`git push --recurse-submodules=check` in the superproject, as this would +check if the submodule has any changes not published to any remote. The +remotes are configured in the submodule as usual in the `$GIT_DIR/config` +file. + + * The configuration file `$GIT_DIR/config` in the superproject. + Typical configuration at this place is controlling if a submodule + is recursed into at all via the `active` flag for example. ++ +If the submodule is not yet initialized, then the configuration +inside the submodule does not exist yet, so configuration where to +obtain the submodule from is configured here for example. + + * the `.gitmodules` file inside the superproject. Additionally to the + required mapping between submodule's name and path, a project usually + uses this file to suggest defaults for the upstream collection + of repositories. ++ +This file mainly serves as the mapping between name and path in +the superproject, such that the submodule's git directory can be +located. ++ +If the submodule has never been initialized, this is the only place +where submodule configuration is found. It serves as the last fallback +to specify where to obtain the submodule from. + +FORMS +----- + +Submodules can take the following forms: + + * The basic form described in DESCRIPTION with a Git directory, +a working directory, a `gitlink`, and a `.gitmodules` entry. + + * "Old-form" submodule: A working directory with an embedded +`.git` directory, and the tracking `gitlink` and `.gitmodules` entry in +the superproject. This is typically found in repositories generated +using older versions of Git. ++ +It is possible to construct these old form repositories manually. ++ +When deinitialized or deleted (see below), the submodule’s Git +directory is automatically moved to `$GIT_DIR/modules/<name>/` +of the superproject. + + * Deinitialized submodule: A `gitlink`, and a `.gitmodules` entry, +but no submodule working directory. The submodule’s git directory +may be there as after deinitializing the git directory is kept around. +The directory which is supposed to be the working directory is empty instead. ++ +A submodule can be deinitialized by running `git submodule deinit`. +Besides emptying the working directory, this command only modifies +the superproject’s `$GIT_DIR/config` file, so the superproject’s history +is not affected. This can be undone using `git submodule init`. + + * Deleted submodule: A submodule can be deleted by running +`git rm <submodule path> && git commit`. This can be undone +using `git revert`. ++ +The deletion removes the superproject’s tracking data, which are +both the `gitlink` entry and the section in the `.gitmodules` file. +The submodule’s working directory is removed from the file +system, but the Git directory is kept around as it to make it +possible to checkout past commits without requiring fetching +from another repository. ++ +To completely remove a submodule, manually delete +`$GIT_DIR/modules/<name>/`. + +Workflow for a third party library +---------------------------------- + + # add a submodule + git submodule add <url> <path> + + # occasionally update the submodule to a new version: + git -C <path> checkout <new version> + git add <path> + git commit -m "update submodule to new version" + + # See the list of submodules in a superproject + git submodule status + + # See FORMS on removing submodules + + +Workflow for an artificially split repo +-------------------------------------- + + # Enable recursion for relevant commands, such that + # regular commands recurse into submodules by default + git config --global submodule.recurse true + + # Unlike the other commands below clone still needs + # its own recurse flag: + git clone --recurse <URL> <directory> + cd <directory> + + # Get to know the code: + git grep foo + git ls-files + + # Get new code + git fetch + git pull --rebase + + # change worktree + git checkout + git reset + +Implementation details +---------------------- + +When cloning or pulling a repository containing submodules the submodules +will not be checked out by default; You can instruct 'clone' to recurse +into submodules. The 'init' and 'update' subcommands of 'git submodule' +will maintain submodules checked out and at an appropriate revision in +your working tree. Alternatively you can set 'submodule.recurse' to have +'checkout' recursing into submodules. + + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-submodule[1], linkgit:gitmodules[5]. + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index 6e991c2469..b71b943b12 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -570,6 +570,10 @@ The most notable example is `HEAD`. is created by giving the `--depth` option to linkgit:git-clone[1], and its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1]. +[[def_stash]]stash entry:: + An <<def_object,object>> used to temporarily store the contents of a + <<def_dirty,dirty>> working directory and the index for future reuse. + [[def_submodule]]submodule:: A <<def_repository,repository>> that holds the history of a separate project inside another repository (the latter of diff --git a/Documentation/i18n.txt b/Documentation/i18n.txt index 2dd79db5cb..7e36e5b55b 100644 --- a/Documentation/i18n.txt +++ b/Documentation/i18n.txt @@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ mind. + ------------ [i18n] - commitencoding = ISO-8859-1 + commitEncoding = ISO-8859-1 ------------ + Commit objects created with the above setting record the value -of `i18n.commitencoding` in its `encoding` header. This is to +of `i18n.commitEncoding` in its `encoding` header. This is to help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8. @@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8. `encoding` header of a commit object, and try to re-code the log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can specify the desired output encoding with - `i18n.logoutputencoding` in `.git/config` file, like this: + `i18n.logOutputEncoding` in `.git/config` file, like this: + ------------ [i18n] - logoutputencoding = ISO-8859-1 + logOutputEncoding = ISO-8859-1 ------------ + If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of -`i18n.commitencoding` is used instead. +`i18n.commitEncoding` is used instead. Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt index 47b286b33e..4d6dac5770 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt @@ -174,11 +174,12 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] - '%Creset': reset color - '%C(...)': color specification, as described under Values in the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1]; - adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are - enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and - respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a - terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring - on the next placeholders until the color is switched again. + adding `auto,` at the beginning (e.g. `%C(auto,red)`) will emit + color only when colors are enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, + `color.ui`, or `--color`, and respecting the `auto` settings of the + former if we are going to a terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. + `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring on the next placeholders + until the color is switched again. - '%m': left (`<`), right (`>`) or boundary (`-`) mark - '%n': newline - '%%': a raw '%' @@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces - '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)' respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered) --%(trailers): display the trailers of the body as interpreted by +- %(trailers): display the trailers of the body as interpreted by linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1] NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the @@ -213,8 +214,8 @@ If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the placeholder expands to a non-empty string. -If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, line-feeds that -immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the +If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, all consecutive +line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the placeholder expands to an empty string. If you add a ` ` (space) after '%' of a placeholder, a space diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt index a02f7324c0..a6cf9eb380 100644 --- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt @@ -91,9 +91,14 @@ endif::git-rev-list[] Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret pattern as a regular expression). +-P:: --perl-regexp:: - Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions. - Requires libpcre to be compiled in. + Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular + expressions. ++ +Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional +compile-time dependency. If Git wasn't compiled with support for them +providing this option will cause it to die. --remove-empty:: Stop when a given path disappears from the tree. @@ -764,7 +769,8 @@ timezone value. 1970). As with `--raw`, this is always in UTC and therefore `-local` has no effect. + -`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`. +`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`, +except for %z and %Z, which are handled internally. Use `--date=format:%c` to show the date in your system locale's preferred format. See the `strftime` manual for a complete list of format placeholders. When using `-local`, the correct syntax is diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt index 7f8e78d916..6c77b4920c 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt @@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ The notable options are: Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in `ignored[]` in addition to untracked files in `entries[]`. +`DIR_KEEP_UNTRACKED_CONTENTS`::: + + Only has meaning if `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` is also set; if this is set, the + untracked contents of untracked directories are also returned in + `entries[]`. + `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`::: Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ccc634bbd7..0000000000 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,309 +0,0 @@ -hashmap API -=========== - -The hashmap API is a generic implementation of hash-based key-value mappings. - -Data Structures ---------------- - -`struct hashmap`:: - - The hash table structure. Members can be used as follows, but should - not be modified directly: -+ -The `size` member keeps track of the total number of entries (0 means the -hashmap is empty). -+ -`tablesize` is the allocated size of the hash table. A non-0 value indicates -that the hashmap is initialized. It may also be useful for statistical purposes -(i.e. `size / tablesize` is the current load factor). -+ -`cmpfn` stores the comparison function specified in `hashmap_init()`. In -advanced scenarios, it may be useful to change this, e.g. to switch between -case-sensitive and case-insensitive lookup. -+ -When `disallow_rehash` is set, automatic rehashes are prevented during inserts -and deletes. - -`struct hashmap_entry`:: - - An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table, which must - be used as first member of user data structures. Ideally it should be - followed by an int-sized member to prevent unused memory on 64-bit - systems due to alignment. -+ -The `hash` member is the entry's hash code and the `next` member points to the -next entry in case of collisions (i.e. if multiple entries map to the same -bucket). - -`struct hashmap_iter`:: - - An iterator structure, to be used with hashmap_iter_* functions. - -Types ------ - -`int (*hashmap_cmp_fn)(const void *entry, const void *entry_or_key, const void *keydata)`:: - - User-supplied function to test two hashmap entries for equality. Shall - return 0 if the entries are equal. -+ -This function is always called with non-NULL `entry` / `entry_or_key` -parameters that have the same hash code. When looking up an entry, the `key` -and `keydata` parameters to hashmap_get and hashmap_remove are always passed -as second and third argument, respectively. Otherwise, `keydata` is NULL. - -Functions ---------- - -`unsigned int strhash(const char *buf)`:: -`unsigned int strihash(const char *buf)`:: -`unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len)`:: -`unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len)`:: -`unsigned int memihash_cont(unsigned int hash_seed, const void *buf, size_t len)`:: - - Ready-to-use hash functions for strings, using the FNV-1 algorithm (see - http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv). -+ -`strhash` and `strihash` take 0-terminated strings, while `memhash` and -`memihash` operate on arbitrary-length memory. -+ -`strihash` and `memihash` are case insensitive versions. -+ -`memihash_cont` is a variant of `memihash` that allows a computation to be -continued with another chunk of data. - -`unsigned int sha1hash(const unsigned char *sha1)`:: - - Converts a cryptographic hash (e.g. SHA-1) into an int-sized hash code - for use in hash tables. Cryptographic hashes are supposed to have - uniform distribution, so in contrast to `memhash()`, this just copies - the first `sizeof(int)` bytes without shuffling any bits. Note that - the results will be different on big-endian and little-endian - platforms, so they should not be stored or transferred over the net. - -`void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function, size_t initial_size)`:: - - Initializes a hashmap structure. -+ -`map` is the hashmap to initialize. -+ -The `equals_function` can be specified to compare two entries for equality. -If NULL, entries are considered equal if their hash codes are equal. -+ -If the total number of entries is known in advance, the `initial_size` -parameter may be used to preallocate a sufficiently large table and thus -prevent expensive resizing. If 0, the table is dynamically resized. - -`void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries)`:: - - Frees a hashmap structure and allocated memory. -+ -`map` is the hashmap to free. -+ -If `free_entries` is true, each hashmap_entry in the map is freed as well -(using stdlib's free()). - -`void hashmap_entry_init(void *entry, unsigned int hash)`:: - - Initializes a hashmap_entry structure. -+ -`entry` points to the entry to initialize. -+ -`hash` is the hash code of the entry. -+ -The hashmap_entry structure does not hold references to external resources, -and it is safe to just discard it once you are done with it (i.e. if -your structure was allocated with xmalloc(), you can just free(3) it, -and if it is on stack, you can just let it go out of scope). - -`void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`:: - - Returns the hashmap entry for the specified key, or NULL if not found. -+ -`map` is the hashmap structure. -+ -`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with -hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code -(via `hashmap_entry_init`). -+ -If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are passed -to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key. - -`void *hashmap_get_from_hash(const struct hashmap *map, unsigned int hash, const void *keydata)`:: - - Returns the hashmap entry for the specified hash code and key data, - or NULL if not found. -+ -`map` is the hashmap structure. -+ -`hash` is the hash code of the entry to look up. -+ -If an entry with matching hash code is found, `keydata` is passed to -`hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key. The -`entry_or_key` parameter points to a bogus hashmap_entry structure that -should not be used in the comparison. - -`void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry)`:: - - Returns the next equal hashmap entry, or NULL if not found. This can be - used to iterate over duplicate entries (see `hashmap_add`). -+ -`map` is the hashmap structure. -+ -`entry` is the hashmap_entry to start the search from, obtained via a previous -call to `hashmap_get` or `hashmap_get_next`. - -`void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`:: - - Adds a hashmap entry. This allows to add duplicate entries (i.e. - separate values with the same key according to hashmap_cmp_fn). -+ -`map` is the hashmap structure. -+ -`entry` is the entry to add. - -`void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`:: - - Adds or replaces a hashmap entry. If the hashmap contains duplicate - entries equal to the specified entry, only one of them will be replaced. -+ -`map` is the hashmap structure. -+ -`entry` is the entry to add or replace. -+ -Returns the replaced entry, or NULL if not found (i.e. the entry was added). - -`void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`:: - - Removes a hashmap entry matching the specified key. If the hashmap - contains duplicate entries equal to the specified key, only one of - them will be removed. -+ -`map` is the hashmap structure. -+ -`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with -hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code -(via `hashmap_entry_init`). -+ -If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are -passed to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key. -+ -Returns the removed entry, or NULL if not found. - -`void hashmap_disallow_rehash(struct hashmap *map, unsigned value)`:: - - Disallow/allow automatic rehashing of the hashmap during inserts - and deletes. -+ -This is useful if the caller knows that the hashmap will be accessed -by multiple threads. -+ -The caller is still responsible for any necessary locking; this simply -prevents unexpected rehashing. The caller is also responsible for properly -sizing the initial hashmap to ensure good performance. -+ -A call to allow rehashing does not force a rehash; that might happen -with the next insert or delete. - -`void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`:: -`void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter)`:: -`void *hashmap_iter_first(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`:: - - Used to iterate over all entries of a hashmap. Note that it is - not safe to add or remove entries to the hashmap while - iterating. -+ -`hashmap_iter_init` initializes a `hashmap_iter` structure. -+ -`hashmap_iter_next` returns the next hashmap_entry, or NULL if there are no -more entries. -+ -`hashmap_iter_first` is a combination of both (i.e. initializes the iterator -and returns the first entry, if any). - -`const char *strintern(const char *string)`:: -`const void *memintern(const void *data, size_t len)`:: - - Returns the unique, interned version of the specified string or data, - similar to the `String.intern` API in Java and .NET, respectively. - Interned strings remain valid for the entire lifetime of the process. -+ -Can be used as `[x]strdup()` or `xmemdupz` replacement, except that interned -strings / data must not be modified or freed. -+ -Interned strings are best used for short strings with high probability of -duplicates. -+ -Uses a hashmap to store the pool of interned strings. - -Usage example -------------- - -Here's a simple usage example that maps long keys to double values. ------------- -struct hashmap map; - -struct long2double { - struct hashmap_entry ent; /* must be the first member! */ - long key; - double value; -}; - -static int long2double_cmp(const struct long2double *e1, const struct long2double *e2, const void *unused) -{ - return !(e1->key == e2->key); -} - -void long2double_init(void) -{ - hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) long2double_cmp, 0); -} - -void long2double_free(void) -{ - hashmap_free(&map, 1); -} - -static struct long2double *find_entry(long key) -{ - struct long2double k; - hashmap_entry_init(&k, memhash(&key, sizeof(long))); - k.key = key; - return hashmap_get(&map, &k, NULL); -} - -double get_value(long key) -{ - struct long2double *e = find_entry(key); - return e ? e->value : 0; -} - -void set_value(long key, double value) -{ - struct long2double *e = find_entry(key); - if (!e) { - e = malloc(sizeof(struct long2double)); - hashmap_entry_init(e, memhash(&key, sizeof(long))); - e->key = key; - hashmap_add(&map, e); - } - e->value = value; -} ------------- - -Using variable-sized keys -------------------------- - -The `hashmap_entry_get` and `hashmap_entry_remove` functions expect an ordinary -`hashmap_entry` structure as key to find the correct entry. If the key data is -variable-sized (e.g. a FLEX_ARRAY string) or quite large, it is undesirable -to create a full-fledged entry structure on the heap and copy all the key data -into the structure. - -In this case, the `keydata` parameter can be used to pass -variable-sized key data directly to the comparison function, and the `key` -parameter can be a stripped-down, fixed size entry structure allocated on the -stack. - -See test-hashmap.c for an example using arbitrary-length strings as keys. |