diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
48 files changed, 743 insertions, 218 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index 06b0c57b95..cd5b4396db 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ ifdef DOCBOOK_SUPPRESS_SP XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-suppress-sp.xsl endif +# If your target system uses GNU groff, it may try to render +# apostrophes as a "pretty" apostrophe using unicode. This breaks +# cut&paste, so you should set GNU_ROFF to force them to be ASCII +# apostrophes. Unfortunately does not work with non-GNU roff. +ifdef GNU_ROFF +XMLTO_EXTRA += -m manpage-quote-apos.xsl +endif + SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL) # Shell quote; SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH)) diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..309ba181b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +GIT v1.6.5.1 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.6.5 +------------------ + + * An corrupt pack could make codepath to read objects into an + infinite loop. + + * Download throughput display was always shown in KiB/s but on fast links + it is more appropriate to show it in MiB/s. + + * "git grep -f filename" used uninitialized variable and segfaulted. + + * "git clone -b branch" gave a wrong commit object name to post-checkout + hook. + + * "git pull" over http did not work on msys. + +Other minor documentation updates are included. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aa7ccce3a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +GIT v1.6.5.2 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.6.5.1 +-------------------- + + * Installation of templates triggered a bug in busybox when using tar + implementation from it. + + * "git add -i" incorrectly ignored paths that are already in the index + if they matched .gitignore patterns. + + * "git describe --always" should have produced some output even there + were no tags in the repository, but it didn't. + + * "git ls-files" when showing tracked files incorrectly paid attention + to the exclude patterns. + +Other minor documentation updates are included. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b2fad1b22e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +Git v1.6.5.3 Release Notes +========================== + +Fixes since v1.6.5.2 +-------------------- + + * info/grafts file didn't ignore trailing CR at the end of lines. + + * Packages generated on newer FC were unreadable by older versions of + RPM as the new default is to use stronger hash. + + * output from "git blame" was unreadable when the file ended in an + incomplete line. + + * "git add -i/-p" didn't handle deletion of empty files correctly. + + * "git clone" takes up to two parameters, but did not complain when + given more arguments than necessary and silently ignored them. + + * "git cvsimport" did not read files given as command line arguments + correctly when it is run from a subdirectory. + + * "git diff --color-words -U0" didn't work correctly. + + * The handling of blank lines at the end of file by "git diff/apply + --whitespace" was inconsistent with the other kinds of errors. + They are now colored, warned against, and fixed the same way as others. + + * There was no way to allow blank lines at the end of file without + allowing extra blanks at the end of lines. You can use blank-at-eof + and blank-at-eol whitespace error class to specify them separately. + The old trailing-space error class is now a short-hand to set both. + + * "-p" option to "git format-patch" was supposed to suppress diffstat + generation, but it was broken since 1.6.1. + + * "git imap-send" did not compile cleanly with newer OpenSSL. + + * "git help -a" outside of a git repository was broken. + + * "git ls-files -i" was supposed to be inverse of "git ls-files" without -i + with respect to exclude patterns, but it was broken since 1.6.5.2. + + * "git ls-remote" outside of a git repository over http was broken. + + * "git rebase -i" gave bogus error message when the command word was + misspelled. + + * "git receive-pack" that is run in response to "git push" did not run + garbage collection nor update-server-info, but in larger hosting sites, + these almost always need to be run. To help site administrators, the + command now runs "gc --auto" and "u-s-i" by setting receive.autogc + and receive.updateserverinfo configuration variables, respectively. + + * Release notes spelled the package name with incorrect capitalization. + + * "gitweb" did not escape non-ascii characters correctly in the URL. + + * "gitweb" showed "patch" link even for merge commits. + + * "gitweb" showed incorrect links for blob line numbers in pathinfo mode. + +Other minor documentation updates are included. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2f9c25404e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +Git v1.6.6 Release Notes +======================== + +In this release, "git fsck" defaults to "git fsck --full" and checks +packfiles, and because of this it will take much longer to complete +than before. If you prefer a quicker check only on loose objects (the +old default), you can say "git fsck --no-full". This has been +supported by 1.5.4 and newer versions of git, so it is safe to write +it in your script even if you use slightly older git on some of your +machines. + +In git 1.7.0, which is planned to be the release after 1.6.6, "git +push" into a branch that is currently checked out will be refused by +default. + +You can choose what should happen upon such a push by setting the +configuration variable receive.denyCurrentBranch in the receiving +repository. + +Also, "git push $there :$killed" to delete the branch $killed in a remote +repository $there, when $killed branch is the current branch pointed at by +its HEAD, will be refused by default. + +You can choose what should happen upon such a push by setting the +configuration variable receive.denyDeleteCurrent in the receiving +repository. + +To ease the transition plan, the receiving repository of such a +push running this release will issue a big warning when the +configuration variable is missing. Please refer to: + + http://git.or.cz/gitwiki/GitFaq#non-bare + http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/107758/focus=108007 + +for more details on the reason why this change is needed and the +transition plan. + +Updates since v1.6.5 +-------------------- + +(subsystems) + + * various git-gui updates including new translations, wm states, etc. + +(portability) + +(performance) + +(usability, bells and whistles) + + * The object replace mechanism can be bypassed with --no-replace-objects + global option given to the "git" program. + + * "git bisect reset" can reset to an arbitrary commit. + + * "git checkout frotz" when there is no local branch "frotz" but there + is only one remote tracking branch "frotz" is taken as a request to + start the named branch at the corresponding remote tracking branch. + + * "git describe" can be told to add "-dirty" suffix with "--dirty" option. + + * "git diff" learned --submodule option to show a list of one-line logs + instead of differences between the commit object names. + + * "git fsck" by default checks the packfiles (i.e. "--full" is the + default); you can turn it off with "git fsck --no-full". + + * import-tars contributed fast-import frontend learned more types of + compressed tarballs. + + * "git instaweb" knows how to talk with mod_cgid to apache2. + + * "git log --decorate" shows the location of HEAD as well. + + * "--pretty=format" option to "log" family of commands learned: + + . to wrap text with the "%w()" specifier. + . to show reflog information with "%g[sdD]" specifier. + + * "git merge" (and "git pull") learned --ff-only option to make it fail + if the merge does not result in a fast-forward. + + * "git mergetool" learned to use p4merge. + + * "git rebase -i" learned "reword" that acts like "edit" but immediately + starts an editor to tweak the log message without returning control to + the shell, which is done by "edit" to give an opportunity to tweak the + contents. + + * "git svn" learned to read SVN 1.5+ and SVK merge tickets. + + * Author names shown in gitweb output are links to search commits by the + author. + + +(developers) + +Fixes since v1.6.5 +------------------ + +All of the fixes in v1.6.5.X maintenance series are included in this +release, unless otherwise noted. + +--- +exec >/var/tmp/1 +echo O=$(git describe master) +O=v1.6.5.3-152-g122d0f6 +git shortlog --no-merges $O..master --not maint diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index cd1781498e..cb73d7571f 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -416,13 +416,17 @@ core.whitespace:: consider them as errors. You can prefix `-` to disable any of them (e.g. `-trailing-space`): + -* `trailing-space` treats trailing whitespaces at the end of the line +* `blank-at-eol` treats trailing whitespaces at the end of the line as an error (enabled by default). * `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an error (enabled by default). * `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with 8 or more space characters as an error (not enabled by default). +* `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error + (enabled by default). +* `trailing-space` is a short-hand to cover both `blank-at-eol` and + `blank-at-eof`. * `cr-at-eol` treats a carriage-return at the end of line as part of the line terminator, i.e. with it, `trailing-space` does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return @@ -1320,6 +1324,11 @@ rebase.stat:: Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last rebase. False by default. +receive.autogc:: + By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after + receiving data from git-push and updating refs. You can stop + it by setting this variable to false. + receive.fsckObjects:: If it is set to true, git-receive-pack will check all received objects. It will abort in the case of a malformed object or a @@ -1351,10 +1360,14 @@ receive.denyCurrentBranch:: receive.denyNonFastForwards:: If set to true, git-receive-pack will deny a ref update which is - not a fast forward. Use this to prevent such an update via a push, + not a fast-forward. Use this to prevent such an update via a push, even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is set when initializing a shared repository. +receive.updateserverinfo:: + If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info + after receiving data from git-push and updating refs. + remote.<name>.url:: The URL of a remote repository. See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or linkgit:git-push[1]. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt index 9276faeb11..e26b84706f 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt @@ -87,6 +87,13 @@ endif::git-format-patch[] Show only names and status of changed files. See the description of the `--diff-filter` option on what the status letters mean. +--submodule[=<format>]:: + Chose the output format for submodule differences. <format> can be one of + 'short' and 'log'. 'short' just shows pairs of commit names, this format + is used when this option is not given. 'log' is the default value for this + option and lists the commits in that commit range like the 'summary' + option of linkgit:git-submodule[1] does. + --color:: Show colored diff. diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index 5eb2b0ee07..28868747da 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -1,25 +1,13 @@ -ifndef::git-pull[] --q:: ---quiet:: - Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally - used git commands. - --v:: ---verbose:: - Be verbose. -endif::git-pull[] - -a:: --append:: Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the existing contents of `.git/FETCH_HEAD`. Without this option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten. ---upload-pack <upload-pack>:: - When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled - by 'git-fetch-pack', '--exec=<upload-pack>' is passed to - the command to specify non-default path for the command - run on the other end. +--depth=<depth>:: + Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by + `git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1]) + by the specified number of commits. -f:: --force:: @@ -29,6 +17,10 @@ endif::git-pull[] fetches is a descendant of `<lbranch>`. This option overrides that check. +-k:: +--keep:: + Keep downloaded pack. + ifdef::git-pull[] --no-tags:: endif::git-pull[] @@ -49,10 +41,6 @@ endif::git-pull[] flag lets all tags and their associated objects be downloaded. --k:: ---keep:: - Keep downloaded pack. - -u:: --update-head-ok:: By default 'git-fetch' refuses to update the head which @@ -62,7 +50,19 @@ endif::git-pull[] implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to use it. ---depth=<depth>:: - Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by - `git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1]) - by the specified number of commits. +--upload-pack <upload-pack>:: + When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled + by 'git-fetch-pack', '--exec=<upload-pack>' is passed to + the command to specify non-default path for the command + run on the other end. + +ifndef::git-pull[] +-q:: +--quiet:: + Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally + used git commands. + +-v:: +--verbose:: + Be verbose. +endif::git-pull[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt index 45ebf87ca3..e93e606f45 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-add.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt @@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ OPTIONS work tree and add them to the index. This gives the user a chance to review the difference before adding modified contents to the index. - - This effectively runs ``add --interactive``, but bypasses the - initial command menu and directly jumps to `patch` subcommand. - See ``Interactive mode'' for details. ++ +This effectively runs `add --interactive`, but bypasses the +initial command menu and directly jumps to the `patch` subcommand. +See ``Interactive mode'' for details. -e, \--edit:: Open the diff vs. the index in an editor and let the user diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt index 63e7a42cb3..d2ffae0c10 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ on the subcommand: git bisect bad [<rev>] git bisect good [<rev>...] git bisect skip [(<rev>|<range>)...] - git bisect reset [<branch>] + git bisect reset [<commit>] git bisect visualize git bisect replay <logfile> git bisect log @@ -81,16 +81,27 @@ will have been left with the first bad kernel revision in "refs/bisect/bad". Bisect reset ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -To return to the original head after a bisect session, issue the -following command: +After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to +the original HEAD, issue the following command: ------------------------------------------------ $ git bisect reset ------------------------------------------------ -This resets the tree to the original branch instead of being on the -bisection commit ("git bisect start" will also do that, as it resets -the bisection state). +By default, this will return your tree to the commit that was checked +out before `git bisect start`. (A new `git bisect start` will also do +that, as it cleans up the old bisection state.) + +With an optional argument, you can return to a different commit +instead: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git bisect reset <commit> +------------------------------------------------ + +For example, `git bisect reset HEAD` will leave you on the current +bisection commit and avoid switching commits at all, while `git bisect +reset bisect/bad` will check out the first bad revision. Bisect visualize ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt index 0b7982ea76..0aeef24780 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt @@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git check-ref-format' <refname> -'git check-ref-format' [--branch] <branchname-shorthand> +'git check-ref-format' --print <refname> +'git check-ref-format' --branch <branchname-shorthand> DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -63,16 +64,31 @@ reference name expressions (see linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]): . at-open-brace `@{` is used as a notation to access a reflog entry. -With the `--branch` option, it expands a branch name shorthand and -prints the name of the branch the shorthand refers to. +With the `--print` option, if 'refname' is acceptable, it prints the +canonicalized name of a hypothetical reference with that name. That is, +it prints 'refname' with any extra `/` characters removed. -EXAMPLE -------- +With the `--branch` option, it expands the ``previous branch syntax'' +`@{-n}`. For example, `@{-1}` is a way to refer the last branch you +were on. This option should be used by porcelains to accept this +syntax anywhere a branch name is expected, so they can act as if you +typed the branch name. -git check-ref-format --branch @{-1}:: - -Print the name of the previous branch. +EXAMPLES +-------- +* Print the name of the previous branch: ++ +------------ +$ git check-ref-format --branch @{-1} +------------ + +* Determine the reference name to use for a new branch: ++ +------------ +$ ref=$(git check-ref-format --print "refs/heads/$newbranch") || +die "we do not like '$newbranch' as a branch name." +------------ GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index 5ebcba1c7c..7e7d9fcf50 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ OPTIONS --local:: -l:: When the repository to clone from is on a local machine, - this flag bypasses normal "git aware" transport + this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories. The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ OPTIONS -s:: When the repository to clone is on the local machine, instead of using hard links, automatically setup - .git/objects/info/alternates to share the objects + `.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects with the source repository. The resulting repository starts out without any object of its own. + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling). -These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as 'git-commit') +These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`) which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].) If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository, then the cloned repository will become corrupt. @@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. --reference <repository>:: If the reference repository is on the local machine, - automatically setup .git/objects/info/alternates to + automatically setup `.git/objects/info/alternates` to obtain objects from the reference repository. Using an already existing repository as an alternate will require fewer objects to be copied from the repository being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs. + -*NOTE*: see NOTE to --shared option. +*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option. --quiet:: -q:: @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. --verbose:: -v:: - Display the progressbar, even in case the standard output is not + Display the progress bar, even in case the standard output is not a terminal. --no-checkout:: @@ -121,17 +121,17 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. configuration variables are created. --mirror:: - Set up a mirror of the remote repository. This implies --bare. + Set up a mirror of the remote repository. This implies `--bare`. --origin <name>:: -o <name>:: - Instead of using the remote name 'origin' to keep track - of the upstream repository, use <name>. + Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track + of the upstream repository, use `<name>`. --branch <name>:: -b <name>:: Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed - to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to <name> branch + to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will be checked out. @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. --recursive:: After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within, using their default settings. This is equivalent to running - 'git submodule update --init --recursive' immediately after + `git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given) @@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository. <directory>:: The name of a new directory to clone into. The "humanish" part of the source repository is used if no directory is - explicitly given ("repo" for "/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" - for "host.xz:foo/.git"). Cloning into an existing directory + explicitly given (`repo` for `/path/to/repo.git` and `foo` + for `host.xz:foo/.git`). Cloning into an existing directory is only allowed if the directory is empty. :git-clone: 1 diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt index b231dbb947..78b9808aa3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt @@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit SYNOPSIS -------- +[verse] 'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>... +'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -27,6 +29,11 @@ OPTIONS <committish>...:: Committish object names to describe. +--dirty[=<mark>]:: + Describe the working tree. + It means describe HEAD and appends <mark> (`-dirty` by + default) if the working tree is dirty. + --all:: Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref found in `.git/refs/`. This option enables matching @@ -44,7 +51,9 @@ OPTIONS --abbrev=<n>:: Instead of using the default 7 hexadecimal digits as the - abbreviated object name, use <n> digits. + abbreviated object name, use <n> digits, or as many digits + as needed to form a unique object name. An <n> of 0 + will suppress long format, only showing the closest tag. --candidates=<n>:: Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as @@ -68,8 +77,8 @@ OPTIONS This is useful when you want to see parts of the commit object name in "describe" output, even when the commit in question happens to be a tagged version. Instead of just emitting the tag name, it will - describe such a commit as v1.2-0-deadbeef (0th commit since tag v1.2 - that points at object deadbeef....). + describe such a commit as v1.2-0-gdeadbee (0th commit since tag v1.2 + that points at object deadbee....). --match <pattern>:: Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid @@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ the output shows the reference path as well: [torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all --abbrev=4 v1.0.5^2 tags/v1.0.0-21-g975b - [torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all HEAD^ + [torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --all --abbrev=4 HEAD^ heads/lt/describe-7-g975b With --abbrev set to 0, the command can be used to find the @@ -117,6 +126,13 @@ closest tagname without any suffix: [torvalds@g5 git]$ git describe --abbrev=0 v1.0.5^2 tags/v1.0.0 +Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be +longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your +git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with +975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not +be sufficient to disambiguate these commits. + + SEARCH STRATEGY --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt index 96a6c51a4b..8e9aed67d7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ OPTIONS Use the diff tool specified by <tool>. Valid merge tools are: kdiff3, kompare, tkdiff, meld, xxdiff, emerge, vimdiff, gvimdiff, - ecmerge, diffuse, opendiff and araxis. + ecmerge, diffuse, opendiff, p4merge and araxis. + If a diff tool is not specified, 'git-difftool' will use the configuration variable `diff.tool`. If the diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt index d3164c5c88..f2483d624e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt @@ -37,6 +37,35 @@ include::pull-fetch-param.txt[] include::urls-remotes.txt[] + +EXAMPLES +-------- + +* Update the remote-tracking branches: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git fetch origin +------------------------------------------------ ++ +The above command copies all branches from the remote refs/heads/ +namespace and stores them to the local refs/remotes/origin/ namespace, +unless the branch.<name>.fetch option is used to specify a non-default +refspec. + +* Using refspecs explicitly: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git fetch origin +pu:pu maint:tmp +------------------------------------------------ ++ +This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches `pu` and `tmp` in +the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively) +`pu` and `maint` from the remote repository. ++ +The `pu` branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward, +because it is prefixed with a plus sign; `tmp` will not be. + + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-pull[1] diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt index 287c4fc5e0..6fe9484da3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git fsck' [--tags] [--root] [--unreachable] [--cache] [--no-reflogs] - [--full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found] [<object>*] + [--[no-]full] [--strict] [--verbose] [--lost-found] [<object>*] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates, and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate - object pools. + object pools. This is now default; you can turn it off + with --no-full. --strict:: Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt index 1f6df6ad6b..4cd9cdf905 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Notes particular, it will keep not only objects referenced by your current set of branches and tags, but also objects referenced by the index, remote tracking branches, refs saved by 'git-filter-branch' in -refs/original/, or reflogs (which may references commits in branches +refs/original/, or reflogs (which may reference commits in branches that were later amended or rewound). If you are expecting some objects to be collected and they aren't, check diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-push.txt b/Documentation/git-http-push.txt index aef383e0b1..ddf7a18dc4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-http-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-http-push.txt @@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ destination side. Without '--force', the <src> ref is stored at the remote only if <dst> does not exist, or <dst> is a proper subset (i.e. an -ancestor) of <src>. This check, known as "fast forward check", +ancestor) of <src>. This check, known as "fast-forward check", is performed in order to avoid accidentally overwriting the remote ref and lose other peoples' commits from there. -With '--force', the fast forward check is disabled for all refs. +With '--force', the fast-forward check is disabled for all refs. Optionally, a <ref> parameter can be prefixed with a plus '+' sign to disable the fast-forward check only on that ref. diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt index 021066e95d..625723e41f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt @@ -48,8 +48,10 @@ OPTIONS -i:: --ignored:: - Show ignored files in the output. - Note that this also reverses any exclude list present. + Show only ignored files in the output. When showing files in the + index, print only those matched by an exclude pattern. When + showing "other" files, show only those matched by an exclude + pattern. -s:: --stage:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index d05f324462..e886c2ef54 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -212,6 +212,39 @@ You can work through the conflict with a number of tools: common ancestor, 'git show :2:filename' shows the HEAD version and 'git show :3:filename' shows the remote version. + +EXAMPLES +-------- + +* Merge branches `fixes` and `enhancements` on top of + the current branch, making an octopus merge: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git merge fixes enhancements +------------------------------------------------ + +* Merge branch `obsolete` into the current branch, using `ours` + merge strategy: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git merge -s ours obsolete +------------------------------------------------ + +* Merge branch `maint` into the current branch, but do not make + a new commit automatically: ++ +------------------------------------------------ +$ git merge --no-commit maint +------------------------------------------------ ++ +This can be used when you want to include further changes to the +merge, or want to write your own merge commit message. ++ +You should refrain from abusing this option to sneak substantial +changes into a merge commit. Small fixups like bumping +release/version name would be acceptable. + + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-fmt-merge-msg[1], linkgit:git-pull[1], diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt index 68ed6c0956..4a6f7f3a2d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ OPTIONS Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>. Valid merge tools are: kdiff3, tkdiff, meld, xxdiff, emerge, vimdiff, gvimdiff, ecmerge, - diffuse, tortoisemerge, opendiff and araxis. + diffuse, tortoisemerge, opendiff, p4merge and araxis. + If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git-mergetool' will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`. If the diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index 7578623edb..b93201158f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ Also note that options meant for 'git-pull' itself and underlying OPTIONS ------- + +Options related to merging +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + include::merge-options.txt[] :git-pull: 1 @@ -47,6 +51,9 @@ unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully. --no-rebase:: Override earlier --rebase. +Options related to fetching +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + include::fetch-options.txt[] include::pull-fetch-param.txt[] @@ -131,54 +138,13 @@ $ git pull origin next ------------------------------------------------ + This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but -does not update any remote-tracking branches. - -* Bundle local branch `fixes` and `enhancements` on top of - the current branch, making an Octopus merge: -+ ------------------------------------------------- -$ git pull . fixes enhancements ------------------------------------------------- -+ -This `git pull .` syntax is equivalent to `git merge`. - -* Merge local branch `obsolete` into the current branch, using `ours` - merge strategy: -+ ------------------------------------------------- -$ git pull -s ours . obsolete ------------------------------------------------- - -* Merge local branch `maint` into the current branch, but do not make - a commit automatically: +does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking +branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge: + ------------------------------------------------ -$ git pull --no-commit . maint +$ git fetch origin +$ git merge origin/next ------------------------------------------------ -+ -This can be used when you want to include further changes to the -merge, or want to write your own merge commit message. -+ -You should refrain from abusing this option to sneak substantial -changes into a merge commit. Small fixups like bumping -release/version name would be acceptable. - -* Command line pull of multiple branches from one repository: -+ ------------------------------------------------- -$ git checkout master -$ git fetch origin +pu:pu maint:tmp -$ git pull . tmp ------------------------------------------------- -+ -This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches `pu` and `tmp` in -the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively) -`pu` and `maint` from the remote repository. -+ -The `pu` branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward; -the others will not be. -+ -The final command then merges the newly fetched `tmp` into master. If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index ba6a8a2fb2..52c0538df5 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ updated. + The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the -update can fast forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`, +update can fast-forward <dst>. By having the optional leading `{plus}`, you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a -fast forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See +fast-forward. This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>. See EXAMPLES below for details. + `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`. @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ EXAMPLES below for details. Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from the remote repository. + -The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast forward updates) +The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast-forward updates) directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode @@ -138,6 +138,11 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git-push'. --verbose:: Run verbosely. +-q:: +--quiet:: + Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs, + unless an error occurs. + include::urls-remotes.txt[] OUTPUT @@ -171,10 +176,10 @@ summary:: For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to `git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and - `<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast forward updates). For a + `<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates). For a failed update, more details are given for the failure. The string `rejected` indicates that git did not try to send the - ref at all (typically because it is not a fast forward). The + ref at all (typically because it is not a fast-forward). The string `remote rejected` indicates that the remote end refused the update; this rejection is typically caused by a hook on the remote side. The string `remote failure` indicates that the @@ -342,9 +347,9 @@ git push origin :experimental:: git push origin {plus}dev:master:: Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch, - allowing non-fast forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced + allowing non-fast-forward updates. *This can leave unreferenced commits dangling in the origin repository.* Consider the - following situation, where a fast forward is not possible: + following situation, where a fast-forward is not possible: + ---- o---o---o---A---B origin/master diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt index 4a932b08c6..a10ce4ba40 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ Two Tree Merge Typically, this is invoked as `git read-tree -m $H $M`, where $H is the head commit of the current repository, and $M is the head of a foreign tree, which is simply ahead of $H (i.e. we are in a -fast forward situation). +fast-forward situation). When two trees are specified, the user is telling 'git-read-tree' the following: diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 0aefc34d0d..33e0ef1f6d 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -368,14 +368,17 @@ By replacing the command "pick" with the command "edit", you can tell the files and/or the commit message, amend the commit, and continue rebasing. +If you just want to edit the commit message for a commit, replace the +command "pick" with the command "reword". + If you want to fold two or more commits into one, replace the command "pick" with "squash" for the second and subsequent commit. If the commits had different authors, it will attribute the squashed commit to the author of the first commit. -In both cases, or when a "pick" does not succeed (because of merge -errors), the loop will stop to let you fix things, and you can continue -the loop with `git rebase --continue`. +'git-rebase' will stop when "pick" has been replaced with "edit" or +when a command fails due to merge errors. When you are done editing +and/or resolving conflicts you can continue with `git rebase --continue`. For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, such that what was HEAD~4 becomes the new HEAD. To achieve that, you would call diff --git a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt index 514f03c979..cb5f405280 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The UI for the protocol is on the 'git-send-pack' side, and the program pair is meant to be used to push updates to remote repository. For pull operations, see linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1]. -The command allows for creation and fast forwarding of sha1 refs +The command allows for creation and fast-forwarding of sha1 refs (heads/tags) on the remote end (strictly speaking, it is the local end 'git-receive-pack' runs, but to the user who is sitting at the send-pack end, it is updating the remote. Confused?) diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt index 915cb77b29..8adc1ef55c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt @@ -23,6 +23,26 @@ replacement object. Unless `-f` is given, the replace reference must not yet exist in `.git/refs/replace/` directory. +Replace references will be used by default by all git commands except +those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and fsck). + +It is possible to disable use of replacement refs for any command +using the --no-replace-objects option just after "git". + +For example if commit "foo" has been replaced by commit "bar": + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git --no-replace-object cat-file commit foo +------------------------------------------------ + +show information about commit "foo", while: + +------------------------------------------------ +$ git cat-file commit foo +------------------------------------------------ + +show information about commit "bar". + OPTIONS ------- -f:: @@ -54,6 +74,7 @@ SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-tag[1] linkgit:git-branch[1] +linkgit:git[1] Author ------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt index 469cf6dbac..2d27e405a3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result. $ git reset --hard <2> $ git pull . topic/branch <3> Updating from 41223... to 13134... -Fast forward +Fast-forward $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4> ------------ + @@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ right now, so you decide to do that later. which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess from the index file and the working tree. <3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted -in a fast forward. +in a fast-forward. <4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt index 399821832c..5a04c6eaf7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt @@ -105,11 +105,11 @@ name. See linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]. Without '--force', the <src> ref is stored at the remote only if <dst> does not exist, or <dst> is a proper subset (i.e. an -ancestor) of <src>. This check, known as "fast forward check", +ancestor) of <src>. This check, known as "fast-forward check", is performed in order to avoid accidentally overwriting the remote ref and lose other peoples' commits from there. -With '--force', the fast forward check is disabled for all refs. +With '--force', the fast-forward check is disabled for all refs. Optionally, a <ref> parameter can be prefixed with a plus '+' sign to disable the fast-forward check only on that ref. diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt index f4429bdc68..70f400b266 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-show-ref - List references in a local repository SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git show-ref' [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [-h|--head] [-d|--dereference] +'git show-ref' [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] <pattern>... 'git show-ref' --exclude-existing[=<pattern>] < ref-list @@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ the `.git` directory. OPTIONS ------- --h:: --head:: Show the HEAD reference. diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index 1812890a7e..4cdca0d874 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -320,6 +320,13 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log' directories. The output is suitable for appending to the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file. +'mkdirs':: + Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track + based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files. + Empty directories are automatically recreated when using + "git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended + for use after commands like "git checkout" or "git reset". + 'commit-diff':: Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the command-line. This command does not rely on being inside an `git svn @@ -735,6 +742,16 @@ merges you've made. Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong branch. +If you do merge, note the following rule: 'git svn dcommit' will +attempt to commit on top of the SVN commit named in +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +git log --grep=^git-svn-id: --first-parent -1 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +You 'must' therefore ensure that the most recent commit of the branch +you want to dcommit to is the 'first' parent of the merge. Chaos will +ensue otherwise, especially if the first parent is an older commit on +the same SVN branch. + 'git clone' does not clone branches under the refs/remotes/ hierarchy or any 'git svn' metadata, or config. So repositories created and managed with using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt index 25e0bbea86..6052484ab9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt @@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ in the index e.g. when merging in a commit; thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream, you will need to handle the situation manually. +--really-refresh:: + Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally, + without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting. + -g:: --again:: Runs 'git-update-index' itself on the paths whose index @@ -308,7 +312,7 @@ Configuration ------------- The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If -your repository is on an filesystem whose executable bits are +your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are unreliable, this should be set to 'false' (see linkgit:git-config[1]). This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index d97aaf5bf8..8e577cc4fe 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--html-path] - [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] + [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS] @@ -43,9 +43,12 @@ unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: -* link:v1.6.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5] +* link:v1.6.5.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.3] * release notes for + link:RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3], + link:RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2], + link:RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1], link:RelNotes-1.6.5.txt[1.6.5]. * link:v1.6.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.4] @@ -237,6 +240,10 @@ help ...`. environment is not set, it is set to the current working directory. +--no-replace-objects:: + Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See + linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information. + FURTHER DOCUMENTATION --------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index 1195e83b6e..1f472cea59 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -560,6 +560,16 @@ in the file. E.g. the string `$Format:%H$` will be replaced by the commit hash. +Packing objects +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +`delta` +^^^^^^^ + +Delta compression will not be attempted for blobs for paths with the +attribute `delta` set to false. + + Viewing files in GUI tools ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt index b3640c4e64..b7380b069a 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a regular file), and you can see the contents with ---------------- -$ git cat-file "blob" 557db03 +$ git cat-file blob 557db03 ---------------- which will print out "Hello World". The object `557db03` is nothing @@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ would be different) ---------------- Updating from ae3a2da... to a80b4aa.... -Fast forward (no commit created; -m option ignored) +Fast-forward (no commit created; -m option ignored) example | 1 + hello | 1 + 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) @@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ Because your branch did not contain anything more than what had already been merged into the `master` branch, the merge operation did not actually do a merge. Instead, it just updated the top of the tree of your branch to that of the `master` branch. This is -often called 'fast forward' merge. +often called 'fast-forward' merge. You can run `gitk \--all` again to see how the commit ancestry looks like, or run 'show-branch', which tells you this. @@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ $ git show-branch -- + [mybranch] Some work. * [master] Some fun. -*+ [mybranch^] New day. +*+ [mybranch^] Initial commit ------------ Now we are ready to experiment with the merge by hand. @@ -1204,11 +1204,11 @@ $ mb=$(git merge-base HEAD mybranch) The command writes the commit object name of the common ancestor to the standard output, so we captured its output to a variable, because we will be using it in the next step. By the way, the common -ancestor commit is the "New day." commit in this case. You can +ancestor commit is the "Initial commit" commit in this case. You can tell it by: ------------ -$ git name-rev $mb +$ git name-rev --name-only --tags $mb my-first-tag ------------ @@ -1237,8 +1237,8 @@ inspect the index file with this command: ------------ $ git ls-files --stage 100644 7f8b141b65fdcee47321e399a2598a235a032422 0 example -100644 263414f423d0e4d70dae8fe53fa34614ff3e2860 1 hello -100644 06fa6a24256dc7e560efa5687fa84b51f0263c3a 2 hello +100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1 hello +100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2 hello 100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3 hello ------------ @@ -1253,8 +1253,8 @@ To look at only non-zero stages, use `\--unmerged` flag: ------------ $ git ls-files --unmerged -100644 263414f423d0e4d70dae8fe53fa34614ff3e2860 1 hello -100644 06fa6a24256dc7e560efa5687fa84b51f0263c3a 2 hello +100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1 hello +100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2 hello 100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3 hello ------------ @@ -1283,8 +1283,8 @@ the working tree.. This can be seen if you run `ls-files ------------ $ git ls-files --stage 100644 7f8b141b65fdcee47321e399a2598a235a032422 0 example -100644 263414f423d0e4d70dae8fe53fa34614ff3e2860 1 hello -100644 06fa6a24256dc7e560efa5687fa84b51f0263c3a 2 hello +100644 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238 1 hello +100644 ba42a2a96e3027f3333e13ede4ccf4498c3ae942 2 hello 100644 cc44c73eb783565da5831b4d820c962954019b69 3 hello ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index 06e0f315c3..4cc3d1387f 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ from updating that ref. This hook can be used to prevent 'forced' update on certain refs by making sure that the object name is a commit object that is a descendant of the commit object named by the old object name. -That is, to enforce a "fast forward only" policy. +That is, to enforce a "fast-forward only" policy. It could also be used to log the old..new status. However, it does not know the entire set of branches, so it would end up diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt index 2b021e3c15..91c0eea890 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt @@ -209,6 +209,121 @@ chance to see if their in-progress work will be compatible. `git.git` has such an official throw-away integration branch called 'pu'. +Branch management for a release +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Assuming you are using the merge approach discussed above, when you +are releasing your project you will need to do some additional branch +management work. + +A feature release is created from the 'master' branch, since 'master' +tracks the commits that should go into the next feature release. + +The 'master' branch is supposed to be a superset of 'maint'. If this +condition does not hold, then 'maint' contains some commits that +are not included on 'master'. The fixes represented by those commits +will therefore not be included in your feature release. + +To verify that 'master' is indeed a superset of 'maint', use git log: + +.Verify 'master' is a superset of 'maint' +[caption="Recipe: "] +===================================== +git log master..maint +===================================== + +This command should not list any commits. Otherwise, check out +'master' and merge 'maint' into it. + +Now you can proceed with the creation of the feature release. Apply a +tag to the tip of 'master' indicating the release version: + +.Release tagging +[caption="Recipe: "] +===================================== +`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master` +===================================== + +You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see +"DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to +others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a +post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building +release tarballs and preformatted documentation pages. + +Similarly, for a maintenance release, 'maint' is tracking the commits +to be released. Therefore, in the steps above simply tag and push +'maint' rather than 'master'. + + +Maintenance branch management after a feature release +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +After a feature release, you need to manage your maintenance branches. + +First, if you wish to continue to release maintenance fixes for the +feature release made before the recent one, then you must create +another branch to track commits for that previous release. + +To do this, the current maintenance branch is copied to another branch +named with the previous release version number (e.g. maint-X.Y.(Z-1) +where X.Y.Z is the current release). + +.Copy maint +[caption="Recipe: "] +===================================== +`git branch maint-X.Y.(Z-1) maint` +===================================== + +The 'maint' branch should now be fast-forwarded to the newly released +code so that maintenance fixes can be tracked for the current release: + +.Update maint to new release +[caption="Recipe: "] +===================================== +* `git checkout maint` +* `git merge --ff-only master` +===================================== + +If the merge fails because it is not a fast-forward, then it is +possible some fixes on 'maint' were missed in the feature release. +This will not happen if the content of the branches was verified as +described in the previous section. + + +Branch management for next and pu after a feature release +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +After a feature release, the integration branch 'next' may optionally be +rewound and rebuilt from the tip of 'master' using the surviving +topics on 'next': + +.Rewind and rebuild next +[caption="Recipe: "] +===================================== +* `git checkout next` +* `git reset --hard master` +* `git merge ai/topic_in_next1` +* `git merge ai/topic_in_next2` +* ... +===================================== + +The advantage of doing this is that the history of 'next' will be +clean. For example, some topics merged into 'next' may have initially +looked promising, but were later found to be undesirable or premature. +In such a case, the topic is reverted out of 'next' but the fact +remains in the history that it was once merged and reverted. By +recreating 'next', you give another incarnation of such topics a clean +slate to retry, and a feature release is a good point in history to do +so. + +If you do this, then you should make a public announcement indicating +that 'next' was rewound and rebuilt. + +The same rewind and rebuild process may be followed for 'pu'. A public +announcement is not necessary since 'pu' is a throw-away branch, as +described above. + + DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS --------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt index 43d84d15e9..1f029f8aa0 100644 --- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt +++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ to point at the new commit. An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>. -[[def_fast_forward]]fast forward:: +[[def_fast_forward]]fast-forward:: A fast-forward is a special type of <<def_merge,merge>> where you have a <<def_revision,revision>> and you are "merging" another <<def_branch,branch>>'s changes that happen to be a descendant of what @@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ to point at the new commit. conflict, manual intervention may be required to complete the merge. + -As a noun: unless it is a <<def_fast_forward,fast forward>>, a +As a noun: unless it is a <<def_fast_forward,fast-forward>>, a successful merge results in the creation of a new <<def_commit,commit>> representing the result of the merge, and having as <<def_parent,parents>> the tips of the merged <<def_branch,branches>>. diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt index 4357e26913..d527b30770 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The policy. not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'. - The tips of 'master', 'maint' and 'next' branches will always - fast forward, to allow people to build their own + fast-forward, to allow people to build their own customization on top of them. - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint', 'next' contains all diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt index e70d8a31e7..8c32da6deb 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ Fortunately I did not have to; what I have in the current branch ------------------------------------------------ $ git checkout master -$ git merge revert-c99 ;# this should be a fast forward +$ git merge revert-c99 ;# this should be a fast-forward Updating from 10d781b9caa4f71495c7b34963bef137216f86a8 to e3a693c... cache.h | 8 ++++---- commit.c | 2 +- @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ Updating from 10d781b9caa4f71495c7b34963bef137216f86a8 to e3a693c... 5 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) ------------------------------------------------ -There is no need to redo the test at this point. We fast forwarded +There is no need to redo the test at this point. We fast-forwarded and we know 'master' matches 'revert-c99' exactly. In fact: ------------------------------------------------ diff --git a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt index 697d918885..b7f8d416d6 100644 --- a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt +++ b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ case "$1" in if expr "$2" : '0*$' >/dev/null; then info "The branch '$1' is new..." else - # updating -- make sure it is a fast forward + # updating -- make sure it is a fast-forward mb=$(git-merge-base "$2" "$3") case "$mb,$2" in "$2,$mb") info "Update is fast-forward" ;; diff --git a/Documentation/manpage-quote-apos.xsl b/Documentation/manpage-quote-apos.xsl new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..aeb8839f33 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/manpage-quote-apos.xsl @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" + version="1.0"> + +<!-- work around newer groff/man setups using a prettier apostrophe + that unfortunately does not quote anything when cut&pasting + examples to the shell --> +<xsl:template name="escape.apostrophe"> + <xsl:param name="content"/> + <xsl:call-template name="string.subst"> + <xsl:with-param name="string" select="$content"/> + <xsl:with-param name="target">'</xsl:with-param> + <xsl:with-param name="replacement">\(aq</xsl:with-param> + </xsl:call-template> +</xsl:template> + +</xsl:stylesheet> diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt index c0f96e7070..a403155052 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ merge.tool:: Controls which merge resolution program is used by linkgit:git-mergetool[1]. Valid built-in values are: "kdiff3", "tkdiff", "meld", "xxdiff", "emerge", "vimdiff", "gvimdiff", - "diffuse", "ecmerge", "tortoisemerge", "araxis", and + "diffuse", "ecmerge", "tortoisemerge", "p4merge", "araxis" and "opendiff". Any other value is treated is custom merge tool and there must be a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd option. diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt index adadf8e4bf..fec3394305 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt @@ -1,43 +1,42 @@ --q:: ---quiet:: - Operate quietly. - --v:: ---verbose:: - Be verbose. - ---stat:: - Show a diffstat at the end of the merge. The diffstat is also - controlled by the configuration option merge.stat. - --n:: ---no-stat:: - Do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge. +--commit:: +--no-commit:: + Perform the merge and commit the result. This option can + be used to override --no-commit. ++ +With --no-commit perform the merge but pretend the merge +failed and do not autocommit, to give the user a chance to +inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing. ---summary:: ---no-summary:: - Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be - removed in the future. +--ff:: +--no-ff:: + Do not generate a merge commit if the merge resolved as + a fast-forward, only update the branch pointer. This is + the default behavior of git-merge. ++ +With --no-ff Generate a merge commit even if the merge +resolved as a fast-forward. --log:: +--no-log:: In addition to branch names, populate the log message with one-line descriptions from the actual commits that are being merged. ++ +With --no-log do not list one-line descriptions from the +actual commits being merged. ---no-log:: - Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being - merged. - ---no-commit:: - Perform the merge but pretend the merge failed and do - not autocommit, to give the user a chance to inspect and - further tweak the merge result before committing. ---commit:: - Perform the merge and commit the result. This option can - be used to override --no-commit. +--stat:: +-n:: +--no-stat:: + Show a diffstat at the end of the merge. The diffstat is also + controlled by the configuration option merge.stat. ++ +With -n or --no-stat do not show a diffstat at the end of the +merge. --squash:: +--no-squash:: Produce the working tree and index state as if a real merge happened (except for the merge information), but do not actually make a commit or @@ -46,19 +45,14 @@ commit. This allows you to create a single commit on top of the current branch whose effect is the same as merging another branch (or more in case of an octopus). ++ +With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This +option can be used to override --squash. ---no-squash:: - Perform the merge and commit the result. This option can - be used to override --squash. - ---no-ff:: - Generate a merge commit even if the merge resolved as a - fast-forward. - ---ff:: - Do not generate a merge commit if the merge resolved as - a fast-forward, only update the branch pointer. This is - the default behavior of git-merge. +--ff-only:: + Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the + current `HEAD` is already up-to-date or the merge can be + resolved as a fast-forward. -s <strategy>:: --strategy=<strategy>:: @@ -67,3 +61,16 @@ If there is no `-s` option, a built-in list of strategies is used instead ('git-merge-recursive' when merging a single head, 'git-merge-octopus' otherwise). + +--summary:: +--no-summary:: + Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be + removed in the future. + +-q:: +--quiet:: + Operate quietly. + +-v:: +--verbose:: + Be verbose. diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt index 2a845b1e57..38b9904791 100644 --- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt +++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt @@ -123,6 +123,9 @@ The placeholders are: - '%s': subject - '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename - '%b': body +- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@\{1\}` +- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@\{1\}` +- '%gs': reflog subject - '%Cred': switch color to red - '%Cgreen': switch color to green - '%Cblue': switch color to blue @@ -132,6 +135,12 @@ The placeholders are: - '%n': newline - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code +NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the +revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will +insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by +`git log -g`). The `%d` placeholder will use the "short" decoration +format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command line. + * 'tformat:' + The 'tformat:' format works exactly like 'format:', except that it diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt index 81e7ad7df4..beba065252 100644 --- a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt +++ b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ gittutorial(7) ============== -NAME +NOME ---- gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova) -SYNOPSIS +SINOPSE -------- git * -DESCRIPTION +DESCRIÇÃO ----------- Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git, @@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ Git irá responder Initialized empty Git repository in .git/ ------------------------------------------------ -Você agora iniciou seu diretório de trabalho--você deve ter notado um -novo diretório criado, com o nome de ".git". +Agora que você iniciou seu diretório de trabalho, você deve ter notado que um +novo diretório foi criado com o nome de ".git". A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os -arquivos sob o diretório corrente (note o '.'), com 'git-add': +arquivos sob o diretório atual (note o '.'), com 'git-add': ------------------------------------------------ $ git add . @@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ mudanças com: $ git commit ------------------------------------------------ -Isto irá novamente te pedir por uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança, e, -então, gravar a nova versão do projeto. +Ao executar esse comando, ele irá te pedir uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança, +e, então, irá gravar a nova versão do projeto. Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50 caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de -cabeçalho Subject: e o resto no corpo. +cabeçalho "Subject:" e o resto no corpo. Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos ---------------------------- @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit. -Visualizando história do projeto +Visualizando a história do projeto ----------------------- Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ usando $ git log ------------------------------------------------ -Se você também quer ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use +Se você também quiser ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use ------------------------------------------------ $ git log -p diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt index f9811f2473..44d936341f 100644 --- a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt +++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt @@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ + The remote ref that matches <src> is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local -ref that matches it is fast forwarded using <src>. +ref that matches it is fast-forwarded using <src>. If the optional plus `+` is used, the local ref -is updated even if it does not result in a fast forward +is updated even if it does not result in a fast-forward update. + [NOTE] diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index 67ebffa568..269ec475e6 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -1384,7 +1384,7 @@ were merged. However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git -just performs a "fast forward"; the head of the current branch is moved +just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new commits being created. @@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ producing a default commit message documenting the branch and repository that you pulled from. (But note that no such commit will be created in the case of a -<<fast-forwards,fast forward>>; instead, your branch will just be +<<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; instead, your branch will just be updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.) The `git pull` command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository, @@ -1943,7 +1943,7 @@ $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master ------------------------------------------------- As with `git fetch`, `git push` will complain if this does not result in a -<<fast-forwards,fast forward>>; see the following section for details on +<<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; see the following section for details on handling this case. Note that the target of a "push" is normally a @@ -1976,7 +1976,7 @@ details. What to do when a push fails ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -If a push would not result in a <<fast-forwards,fast forward>> of the +If a push would not result in a <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> of the remote branch, then it will fail with an error like: ------------------------------------------------- @@ -2115,7 +2115,7 @@ $ git checkout release && git pull Important note! If you have any local changes in these branches, then this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local -changes git will simply do a "Fast forward" merge). Many people dislike +changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge). Many people dislike the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull @@ -2729,9 +2729,9 @@ In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git fetch" checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new -commit. Git calls this process a <<fast-forwards,fast forward>>. +commit. Git calls this process a <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>. -A fast forward looks something like this: +A fast-forward looks something like this: ................................................ o--o--o--o <-- old head of the branch |