22 files changed, 156 insertions, 32 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6da3cc939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git 1.7.12.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.3
+---------------------
+
+ * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
+   curl's multi interface was used.
+
+ * It was possible to give specific paths for "asciidoc" and other
+   tools in the documentation toolchain, but not for "xmlto".
+
+ * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed
+   output due to a typo.
+
+ * The "-Xours" (and similarly -Xtheirs) backend option to "git
+   merge -s recursive" was ignored for binary files.  Now it is
+   honored.
+
+ * The "binary" synthetic attribute made "diff" to treat the path as
+   binary, but not "merge".
+
+Also contains many documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
index 9158899d60..43883c14f0 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
@@ -4,16 +4,18 @@ Git v1.8.0 Release Notes
 Backward compatibility notes
 ----------------------------
 
-In the next major release, we will change the behavior of the "git
-push" command.  When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we
-have used the traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were
-sent to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same
-name over there).  We will now use the "simple" semantics, that pushes the
-current branch to the branch with the same name only when the current
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
 branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
 preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
 "git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
-variable.
+variable in this release.
 
 "git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
 relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
 
  * When "git am" sanitizes the "Subject:" line, we strip the prefix from
    "Re: subject" and also from a less common "re: subject", but left
-   the even less common "RE: subject" intact. We strip that now, too.
+   the even less common "RE: subject" intact.  Now we strip that too.
 
  * It was tempting to say "git branch --set-upstream origin/master",
    but that tells Git to arrange the local branch "origin/master" to
@@ -62,6 +64,8 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
  * "git grep" learned to use a non-standard pattern type by default if
    a configuration variable tells it to.
 
+ * Accumulated updates to "git gui" has been merged.
+
  * "git log -g" learned the "--grep-reflog=<pattern>" option to limit
    its output to commits with a reflog message that matches the given
    pattern.
@@ -73,9 +77,6 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
    with the mergetool.$name.cmd configuration variable even for built-in
    mergetool backends.
 
- * The "-Xours" backend option to "git merge -s recursive" now takes
-   effect even on binary files.
-
  * "git rebase -i" learned the "--edit-todo" option to open an editor
    to edit the instruction sheet.
 
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ Foreign Interface
    encountering a conflict during "p4 submit".
 
 
-Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. (please report possible regressions)
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
 
  * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with
    buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their
@@ -212,7 +213,6 @@ to them for details).
 
  * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
    curl's multi interface was used.
-   (merge 188923f jk/maint-http-half-auth-push later to maint).
 
  * "git gc --auto" notified the user that auto-packing has triggered
     even under the "--quiet" option.
@@ -226,6 +226,9 @@ to them for details).
    --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or
    B (or both) instead.
 
+ * The "-Xours" backend option to "git merge -s recursive" was ignored
+   for binary files.
+
  * "git p4", when "--use-client-spec" and "--detect-branches" are used
    together, misdetected branches.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index 11f320b962..9a0544cf1f 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -538,14 +538,14 @@ core.pager::
 	`LESS` variable to some other value.  Alternately,
 	these settings can be overridden on a project or
 	global basis by setting the `core.pager` option.
-	Setting `core.pager` has no affect on the `LESS`
+	Setting `core.pager` has no effect on the `LESS`
 	environment variable behaviour above, so if you want
 	to override git's default settings this way, you need
 	to be explicit.  For example, to disable the S option
 	in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager`
-	to `less -+$LESS -FRX`.  This will be passed to the
-	shell by git, which will translate the final command to
-	`LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`.
+	to `less -+S`.  This will be passed to the shell by
+	git, which will translate the final command to
+	`LESS=FRSX less -+S`.
 
 core.whitespace::
 	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
index 67a90a828c..75ab8a51ca 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ diff.statGraphWidth::
 	Limit the width of the graph part in --stat output. If set, applies
 	to all commands generating --stat output except format-patch.
 
+diff.context::
+	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the default of
+	3. This value is overridden by the -U option.
+
 diff.external::
 	If this config variable is set, diff generation is not
 	performed using the internal diff machinery, but using the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 6d98ef3d2a..7fefdb0384 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	`--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the
 	tips of all branches.
 	Further fetches into the resulting repository will only update the
-	remote tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the
+	remote-tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the
 	initial cloning.  If the HEAD at the remote did not point at any
-	branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote tracking
+	branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote-tracking
 	branch is created.
 
 --recursive::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 9594ac8e9d..0295890621 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
 	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
 	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status]
-	   [-i | -o] [--] [<file>...]
+	   [-i | -o] [-S[<keyid>]] [--] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies
 	`--dry-run`.
 
+--long::
+	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a the long-format.
+	Implies `--dry-run`.
+
 -z::
 --null::
 	When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate
@@ -276,6 +280,10 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the
 	default commit message.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commit.
+
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index 20f9228511..d34ea3c50b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ commit or stash your changes before running 'git merge'.
 	more than two parents (affectionately called an Octopus merge).
 +
 If no commit is given from the command line, and if `merge.defaultToUpstream`
-configuration variable is set, merge the remote tracking branches
+configuration variable is set, merge the remote-tracking branches
 that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream.
 See also the configuration section of this manual page.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index 22d2580129..fe46c4258a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
 
 --recurse-submodules=check|on-demand::
 	Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
-	pushed are available on a remote tracking branch. If 'check' is
+	pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If 'check' is
 	used git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
 	the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote
 	of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
index f5836e46d0..5ce4cda8e7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
@@ -98,6 +98,20 @@ advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
 the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
 there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
 
+'bidi-import'::
+	The fast-import commands 'cat-blob' and 'ls' can be used by remote-helpers
+	to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in
+	fast-import's memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the
+	remote-helper.
+	If it is advertised in addition to "import", git establishes a pipe from
+	fast-import to the remote-helper's stdin.
+	It follows that git and fast-import are both connected to the
+	remote-helper's stdin. Because git can send multiple commands to
+	the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use 'bidi-import'
+	buffer all 'import' commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import.
+	This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the
+	helper's stdin.
+
 Capabilities for Pushing
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 'connect'::
@@ -286,7 +300,12 @@ terminated with a blank line. For each batch of 'import', the remote
 helper should produce a fast-import stream terminated by a 'done'
 command.
 +
-Supported if the helper has the "import" capability.
+Note that if the 'bidi-import' capability is used the complete batch
+sequence has to be buffered before starting to send data to fast-import
+to prevent mixing of commands and fast-import responses on the helper's
+stdin.
++
+Supported if the helper has the 'import' capability.
 
 'connect' <service>::
 	Connects to given service. Standard input and standard output
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index 117e3743a6..978d8da50c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
 'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
-'git reset' (--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep) [-q] [<commit>]
+'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
 you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the ``Interactive Mode''
 section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 
-'git reset' --<mode> [<commit>]::
+'git reset' [<mode>] [<commit>]::
 	This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and
 	possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of <commit>) and
-	the working tree depending on <mode>, which
-	must be one of the following:
+	the working tree depending on <mode>. If <mode> is omitted,
+	defaults to "--mixed". The <mode> must be one of the following:
 +
 --
 --soft::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index 5d31860eb1..882cb1171b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -107,6 +107,21 @@ as well as modifications of existing paths.
 Typically you would first remove all tracked files from the working
 tree using this command:
 
+Submodules
+~~~~~~~~~~
+Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work
+tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the
+superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it)
+still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced
+or not - to protect the submodule's history.
+
+A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as
+recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked
+files that aren't ignored are present in the submodules work tree.
+Ignored files are deemed expendable and won't stop a submodule's work
+tree from being removed.
+
 ----------------
 git ls-files -z | xargs -0 rm -f
 ----------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index 324117072d..eeb561cf14 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
 +
 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
 
+--compose-encoding=<encoding>::
+	Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
+	'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
+
 
 Sending
 ~~~~~~~
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index 67e5f53a9e..9f1ef9a463 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
 	below for details.
 
+--long::
+	Give the output in the long-format. This is the default.
+
 -u[<mode>]::
 --untracked-files[=<mode>]::
 	Show untracked files.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index b4683bba1b..1d6527ab9f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
 	      [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
@@ -265,6 +265,11 @@ OPTIONS
 	Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
 	called so far before updating.
 
+--name::
+	This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
+	name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
+	must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.
+
 --reference <repository>::
 	This option is only valid for add and update commands.  These
 	commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index cfe8d2b5df..8b0d3adfed 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -146,6 +146,13 @@ Skip "branches" and "tags" of first level directories;;
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --
 
+--log-window-size=<n>;;
+    Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history.
+    The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger
+    values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable
+    time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and
+    request timeouts.
+
 'clone'::
 	Runs 'init' and 'fetch'.  It will automatically create a
 	directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index d1d227a32d..4a89a12513 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -43,9 +43,15 @@ unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
-* link:v1.7.12.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.3]
+* link:v1.8.0/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0],
+
+* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index ba02d4de59..2698f63cf9 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ When more than one pattern matches the path, a later line
 overrides an earlier line.  This overriding is done per
 attribute.  The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
 same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+Unlike `.gitignore`, negative patterns are forbidden.
 
 When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
 consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index 4effd78902..ab3e91c054 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements
 of linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 The file contains one subsection per submodule, and the subsection value
-is the name of the submodule. Each submodule section also contains the
+is the name of the submodule. The name is set to the path where the
+submodule has been added unless it was customized with the '--name'
+option of 'git submodule add'. Each submodule section also contains the
 following required keys:
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 5c891f1169..9f628862b4 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -93,6 +93,12 @@ refs/remotes/`name`::
 	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
 	from a remote repository.
 
+refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
+	records the SHA1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
+	This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
+	maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
+	between repositories while grafts are not.
+
 packed-refs::
 	records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
 	and friends record in a more efficient way.  See
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
index 861bd6f553..9bb4956ccd 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ merge.conflictstyle::
 merge.defaultToUpstream::
 	If merge is called without any commit argument, merge the upstream
 	branches configured for the current branch by using their last
-	observed values stored in their remote tracking branches.
+	observed values stored in their remote-tracking branches.
 	The values of the `branch.<current branch>.merge` that name the
 	branches at the remote named by `branch.<current branch>.remote`
 	are consulted, and then they are mapped via `remote.<remote>.fetch`
-	to their corresponding remote tracking branches, and the tips of
+	to their corresponding remote-tracking branches, and the tips of
 	these tracking branches are merged.
 
 merge.ff::
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index ee497430cb..1ec14a068e 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ if it is part of the log message.
 
 	Match the regexp limiting patterns without regard to letters case.
 
+--basic-regexp::
+
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
+	this is the default.
+
 -E::
 --extended-regexp::
 
@@ -91,6 +96,11 @@ if it is part of the log message.
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret
 	pattern as a regular expression).
 
+--perl-regexp::
+
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regexp.
+	Requires libpcre to be compiled in.
+
 --remove-empty::
 
 	Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
index 1a797812fb..a959517b23 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
@@ -53,3 +53,11 @@ Functions
 `argv_array_clear`::
 	Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
 	initial, empty state.
+
+`argv_array_detach`::
+	Detach the argv array from the `struct argv_array`, transfering
+	ownership of the allocated array and strings.
+
+`argv_array_free_detached`::
+	Free the memory allocated by a `struct argv_array` that was later
+	detached and is now no longer needed.