23 files changed, 414 insertions, 146 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 1ff6d8e2d2..e3af089ecf 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -175,6 +175,11 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
 
    does not have such a problem.
 
+ - Even though "local" is not part of POSIX, we make heavy use of it
+   in our test suite.  We do not use it in scripted Porcelains, and
+   hopefully nobody starts using "local" before they are reimplemented
+   in C ;-)
+
 
 For C programs:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index c2baad0bd8..2aae4c9cbb 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 MAN1_TXT =
 MAN5_TXT =
 MAN7_TXT =
+HOWTO_TXT =
+DOC_DEP_TXT =
 TECH_DOCS =
 ARTICLES =
 SP_ARTICLES =
@@ -42,6 +44,11 @@ MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt
 
+HOWTO_TXT += $(wildcard howto/*.txt)
+
+DOC_DEP_TXT += $(wildcard *.txt)
+DOC_DEP_TXT += $(wildcard config/*.txt)
+
 ifdef MAN_FILTER
 MAN_TXT = $(filter $(MAN_FILTER),$(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT))
 else
@@ -286,7 +293,7 @@ docdep_prereqs = \
 	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
 	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
 
-doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) $(wildcard config/*.txt) build-docdep.perl
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(DOC_DEP_TXT) build-docdep.perl
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
@@ -429,9 +436,9 @@ $(patsubst %.txt,%.texi,$(MAN_TXT)): %.texi : %.xml
 	$(DOCBOOK2X_TEXI) --to-stdout $*.xml >$@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-howto-index.txt: howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt)
+howto-index.txt: howto-index.sh $(HOWTO_TXT)
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(sort $(wildcard howto/*.txt)) >$@+ && \
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(sort $(HOWTO_TXT)) >$@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt
@@ -440,7 +447,7 @@ $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt
 WEBDOC_DEST = /pub/software/scm/git/docs
 
 howto/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
-$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(wildcard howto/*.txt)): %.html : %.txt GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
+$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(HOWTO_TXT)): %.html : %.txt GIT-ASCIIDOCFLAGS
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | \
 	$(TXT_TO_HTML) - >$@+ && \
@@ -472,7 +479,13 @@ print-man1:
 	@for i in $(MAN1_TXT); do echo $$i; done
 
 lint-docs::
-	$(QUIET_LINT)$(PERL_PATH) lint-gitlink.perl
+	$(QUIET_LINT)$(PERL_PATH) lint-gitlink.perl \
+		$(HOWTO_TXT) $(DOC_DEP_TXT) \
+		--section=1 $(MAN1_TXT) \
+		--section=5 $(MAN5_TXT) \
+		--section=7 $(MAN7_TXT); \
+	$(PERL_PATH) lint-man-end-blurb.perl $(MAN_TXT); \
+	$(PERL_PATH) lint-man-section-order.perl $(MAN_TXT);
 
 ifeq ($(wildcard po/Makefile),po/Makefile)
 doc-l10n install-l10n::
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.32.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.32.0.txt
index f4e5191ae2..f6feab46b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.32.0.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.32.0.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@ Backward compatibility notes
  * ".gitattributes", ".gitignore", and ".mailmap" files that are
    symbolic links are ignored.
 
+ * "git apply --3way" used to first attempt a straight application,
+   and only fell back to the 3-way merge algorithm when the stright
+   application failed.  Starting with this version, the command will
+   first try the 3-way merge algorithm and only when it fails (either
+   resulting with conflict or the base versions of blobs are missing),
+   falls back to the usual patch application.
+
 
 Updates since v2.31
 -------------------
@@ -80,6 +87,28 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
  * "git log" learned "--diff-merges=<style>" option, with an
    associated configuration variable log.diffMerges.
 
+ * "git log --format=..." placeholders learned %ah/%ch placeholders to
+   request the --date=human output.
+
+ * Replace GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM mechanism to decline from reading the
+   system-wide configuration file with GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM that lets
+   users specify from which file to read the system-wide configuration
+   (setting it to an empty file would essentially be the same as
+   setting NOSYSTEM), and introduce GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL to override the
+   per-user configuration in $HOME/.gitconfig.
+
+ * "git add" and "git rm" learned not to touch those paths that are
+   outside of sparse checkout.
+
+ * "git rev-list" learns the "--filter=object:type=<type>" option,
+   which can be used to exclude objects of the given kind from the
+   packfile generated by pack-objects.
+
+ * The command line completion (in contrib/) for "git stash" has been
+   updated.
+
+ * "git subtree" updates.
+
 
 Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
 
@@ -149,6 +178,11 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
  * Effort to make the command line completion (in contrib/) safe with
    "set -u" continues.
 
+ * Tweak a few tests for "log --format=..." that show timestamps in
+   various formats.
+
+ * The reflog expiry machinery has been taught to emit trace events.
+
 
 Fixes since v2.31
 -----------------
@@ -262,6 +296,29 @@ Fixes since v2.31
    not necessarily) encoded in UTF-8.
    (merge 9364bf465d ab/pathname-encoding-doc later to maint).
 
+ * "git --config-env var=val cmd" weren't accepted (only
+   --config-env=var=val was).
+   (merge c331551ccf ps/config-env-option-with-separate-value later to maint).
+
+ * When the reachability bitmap is in effect, the "do not lose
+   recently created objects and those that are reachable from them"
+   safety to protect us from races were disabled by mistake, which has
+   been corrected.
+   (merge 2ba582ba4c jk/prune-with-bitmap-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Cygwin pathname handling fix.
+   (merge bccc37fdc7 ad/cygwin-no-backslashes-in-paths later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --[no-]reschedule-failed-exec" did not work well with
+   its configuration variable, which has been corrected.
+   (merge e5b32bffd1 ab/rebase-no-reschedule-failed-exec later to maint).
+
+ * Portability fix for command line completion script (in contrib/).
+   (merge f2acf763e2 si/zsh-complete-comment-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git repack -A -d" in a partial clone unnecessarily loosened
+   objects in promisor pack.
+
  * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
    (merge f451960708 dl/cat-file-doc-cleanup later to maint).
    (merge 12604a8d0c sv/t9801-test-path-is-file-cleanup later to maint).
@@ -280,3 +337,4 @@ Fixes since v2.31
    (merge 81ed96a9b2 jt/fetch-pack-request-fix later to maint).
    (merge 151b6c2dd7 jc/doc-do-not-capitalize-clarification later to maint).
    (merge 9160068ac6 js/access-nul-emulation-on-windows later to maint).
+   (merge 7a14acdbe6 po/diff-patch-doc later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/config/advice.txt b/Documentation/config/advice.txt
index acbd0c09aa..8b2849ff7b 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/advice.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/advice.txt
@@ -119,4 +119,8 @@ advice.*::
 	addEmptyPathspec::
 		Advice shown if a user runs the add command without providing
 		the pathspec parameter.
+	updateSparsePath::
+		Advice shown when either linkgit:git-add[1] or linkgit:git-rm[1]
+		is asked to update index entries outside the current sparse
+		checkout.
 --
diff --git a/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt b/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
index b0d761282c..32fad5bbe8 100644
--- a/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config/uploadpack.txt
@@ -59,15 +59,16 @@ uploadpack.allowFilter::
 
 uploadpackfilter.allow::
 	Provides a default value for unspecified object filters (see: the
-	below configuration variable).
+	below configuration variable). If set to `true`, this will also
+	enable all filters which get added in the future.
 	Defaults to `true`.
 
 uploadpackfilter.<filter>.allow::
 	Explicitly allow or ban the object filter corresponding to
 	`<filter>`, where `<filter>` may be one of: `blob:none`,
-	`blob:limit`, `tree`, `sparse:oid`, or `combine`. If using
-	combined filters, both `combine` and all of the nested filter
-	kinds must be allowed. Defaults to `uploadpackfilter.allow`.
+	`blob:limit`, `object:type`, `tree`, `sparse:oid`, or `combine`.
+	If using combined filters, both `combine` and all of the nested
+	filter kinds must be allowed. Defaults to `uploadpackfilter.allow`.
 
 uploadpackfilter.tree.maxDepth::
 	Only allow `--filter=tree:<n>` when `<n>` is no more than the value of
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
index 2db8eacc3e..c78063d4f7 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ linkgit:git-diff-files[1]
 with the `-p` option produces patch text.
 You can customize the creation of patch text via the
 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` and the `GIT_DIFF_OPTS` environment variables
-(see linkgit:git[1]).
+(see linkgit:git[1]), and the `diff` attribute (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
 
 What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
 diff format:
@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.
       rename from b
       rename to a
 
+5.  Hunk headers mention the name of the function to which the hunk
+    applies.  See "Defining a custom hunk-header" in
+    linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details of how to tailor to this to
+    specific languages.
+
 
 Combined diff format
 --------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index 4b4cc5c5e8..5cddadafd2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -340,6 +340,11 @@ GIT_CONFIG::
 	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the
 	"--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
 
+GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL::
+GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM::
+	Take the configuration from the given files instead from global or
+	system-level configuration. See linkgit:git[1] for details.
+
 GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM::
 	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
 	$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig file. See linkgit:git[1] for details.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
index 31c81c4c02..206e3c5f40 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
@@ -159,3 +159,7 @@ empty string.
 +
 Components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
 username in the example above) will be left unset.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 1b1c71ad9d..f2e4a47ebe 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -24,6 +24,18 @@ Usage:
 [verse]
 'git-cvsserver' [<options>] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]
 
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.
+
+It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
+and for those methods that are implemented,
+not all switches are implemented.
+
+Testing has been done using both the CLI CVS client, and the Eclipse CVS
+plugin. Most functionality works fine with both of these clients.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
@@ -57,18 +69,6 @@ access still needs to be enabled by the `gitcvs.enabled` config option
 unless `--export-all` was given, too.
 
 
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-
-This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.
-
-It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
-and for those methods that are implemented,
-not all switches are implemented.
-
-Testing has been done using both the CLI CVS client, and the Eclipse CVS
-plugin. Most functionality works fine with both of these clients.
-
 LIMITATIONS
 -----------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index 911da181a1..fe2f69d36e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Prepare each commit with its "patch" in
+Prepare each non-merge commit with its "patch" in
 one "message" per commit, formatted to resemble a UNIX mailbox.
 The output of this command is convenient for e-mail submission or
 for use with 'git am'.
@@ -740,6 +740,14 @@ use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.
 $ git format-patch -3
 ------------
 
+CAVEATS
+-------
+
+Note that `format-patch` will omit merge commits from the output, even
+if they are part of the requested range. A simple "patch" does not
+include enough information for the receiving end to reproduce the same
+merge commit.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-send-email[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index 4e0ba8234a..3d393fbac1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -38,38 +38,6 @@ are lists of one or more search expressions separated by newline
 characters.  An empty string as search expression matches all lines.
 
 
-CONFIGURATION
--------------
-
-grep.lineNumber::
-	If set to true, enable `-n` option by default.
-
-grep.column::
-	If set to true, enable the `--column` option by default.
-
-grep.patternType::
-	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
-	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the `--basic-regexp`, `--extended-regexp`,
-	`--fixed-strings`, or `--perl-regexp` option accordingly, while the
-	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
-
-grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable `--extended-regexp` option by default. This
-	option is ignored when the `grep.patternType` option is set to a value
-	other than 'default'.
-
-grep.threads::
-	Number of grep worker threads to use. If unset (or set to 0), Git will
-	use as many threads as the number of logical cores available.
-
-grep.fullName::
-	If set to true, enable `--full-name` option by default.
-
-grep.fallbackToNoIndex::
-	If set to true, fall back to git grep --no-index if git grep
-	is executed outside of a git repository.  Defaults to false.
-
-
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --cached::
@@ -363,6 +331,38 @@ with multiple threads might perform slower than single threaded if `--textconv`
 is given and there're too many text conversions. So if you experience low
 performance in this case, it might be desirable to use `--threads=1`.
 
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+grep.lineNumber::
+	If set to true, enable `-n` option by default.
+
+grep.column::
+	If set to true, enable the `--column` option by default.
+
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the `--basic-regexp`, `--extended-regexp`,
+	`--fixed-strings`, or `--perl-regexp` option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
+
+grep.extendedRegexp::
+	If set to true, enable `--extended-regexp` option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the `grep.patternType` option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
+
+grep.threads::
+	Number of grep worker threads to use. If unset (or set to 0), Git will
+	use as many threads as the number of logical cores available.
+
+grep.fullName::
+	If set to true, enable `--full-name` option by default.
+
+grep.fallbackToNoIndex::
+	If set to true, fall back to git grep --no-index if git grep
+	is executed outside of a git repository.  Defaults to false.
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
index 17a2603a60..466a697519 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
@@ -11,14 +11,6 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git mktag'
 
-OPTIONS
--------
-
---strict::
-	By default mktag turns on the equivalent of
-	linkgit:git-fsck[1] `--strict` mode. Use `--no-strict` to
-	disable it.
-
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
@@ -45,6 +37,14 @@ the appropriate `fsck.<msg-id>` varible:
 
     git -c fsck.extraHeaderEntry=ignore mktag <my-tag-with-headers
 
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+--strict::
+	By default mktag turns on the equivalent of
+	linkgit:git-fsck[1] `--strict` mode. Use `--no-strict` to
+	disable it.
+
 Tag Format
 ----------
 A tag signature file, to be fed to this command's standard input,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
index f89e68b424..38e5257b2a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
@@ -762,3 +762,7 @@ IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
   message indicating the p4 depot location and change number.  This
   line is used by later 'git p4 sync' operations to know which p4
   changes are new.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index f08ae27e2a..55af6fd24e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -200,12 +200,6 @@ Alternatively, you can undo the 'git rebase' with
 
     git rebase --abort
 
-CONFIGURATION
--------------
-
-include::config/rebase.txt[]
-include::config/sequencer.txt[]
-
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --onto <newbase>::
@@ -623,6 +617,14 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.
 --no-reschedule-failed-exec::
 	Automatically reschedule `exec` commands that failed. This only makes
 	sense in interactive mode (or when an `--exec` option was provided).
++
+Even though this option applies once a rebase is started, it's set for
+the whole rebase at the start based on either the
+`rebase.rescheduleFailedExec` configuration (see linkgit:git-config[1]
+or "CONFIGURATION" below) or whether this option is
+provided. Otherwise an explicit `--no-reschedule-failed-exec` at the
+start would be overridden by the presence of
+`rebase.rescheduleFailedExec=true` configuration.
 
 INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS
 --------------------
@@ -1266,6 +1268,12 @@ merge tlsv1.3
 merge cmake
 ------------
 
+CONFIGURATION
+-------------
+
+include::config/rebase.txt[]
+include::config/sequencer.txt[]
+
 BUGS
 ----
 The todo list presented by the deprecated `--preserve-merges --interactive`
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index ab750367fd..26e9b28470 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ branch, and no updates to their contents can be staged in the index,
 though that default behavior can be overridden with the `-f` option.
 When `--cached` is given, the staged content has to
 match either the tip of the branch or the file on disk,
-allowing the file to be removed from just the index.
+allowing the file to be removed from just the index. When
+sparse-checkouts are in use (see linkgit:git-sparse-checkout[1]),
+`git rm` will only remove paths within the sparse-checkout patterns.
 
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index 67b143cc81..d5776ffcfd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -1061,25 +1061,6 @@ with different name spaces.  For example:
 	branches = stable/*:refs/remotes/svn/stable/*
 	branches = debug/*:refs/remotes/svn/debug/*
 
-BUGS
-----
-
-We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
-properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
-
-Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not
-tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
-this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
-the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
-renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough
-for Git to detect them.
-
-In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag
-(because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a
-branch). When cloning an SVN repository, 'git svn' cannot know if such a
-commit to a tag will happen in the future. Thus it acts conservatively
-and imports all SVN tags as branches, prefixing the tag name with 'tags/'.
-
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
@@ -1166,6 +1147,25 @@ $GIT_DIR/svn/\**/.rev_map.*::
 if it is missing or not up to date.  'git svn reset' automatically
 rewinds it.
 
+BUGS
+----
+
+We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
+properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
+
+Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not
+tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
+this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
+the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
+renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough
+for Git to detect them.
+
+In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag
+(because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a
+branch). When cloning an SVN repository, 'git svn' cannot know if such a
+commit to a tag will happen in the future. Thus it acts conservatively
+and imports all SVN tags as branches, prefixing the tag name with 'tags/'.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-rebase[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index 3a9c44987f..6dd241ef83 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
     [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
     [-p|--paginate|-P|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
     [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
-    [--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env <name>=<envvar>]
+    [--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env=<name>=<envvar>]
     <command> [<args>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -670,6 +670,16 @@ for further details.
 	If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt
 	on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
 
+`GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL`::
+`GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM`::
+	Take the configuration from the given files instead from global or
+	system-level configuration files. If `GIT_CONFIG_SYSTEM` is set, the
+	system config file defined at build time (usually `/etc/gitconfig`)
+	will not be read. Likewise, if `GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL` is set, neither
+	`$HOME/.gitconfig` nor `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` will be read. Can
+	be set to `/dev/null` to skip reading configuration files of the
+	respective level.
+
 `GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::
 	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
 	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
diff --git a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
index b614969ad2..1c8d2ecc35 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -62,3 +62,7 @@ git clone ext::'git --namespace=foo %s /tmp/prefixed.git'
 ----------
 
 include::transfer-data-leaks.txt[]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/lint-gitlink.perl b/Documentation/lint-gitlink.perl
index 476cc30b83..b22a367844 100755
--- a/Documentation/lint-gitlink.perl
+++ b/Documentation/lint-gitlink.perl
@@ -1,71 +1,67 @@
 #!/usr/bin/perl
 
-use File::Find;
-use Getopt::Long;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
 
-my $basedir = ".";
-GetOptions("basedir=s" => \$basedir)
-	or die("Cannot parse command line arguments\n");
+# Parse arguments, a simple state machine for input like:
+#
+# howto/*.txt config/*.txt --section=1 git.txt git-add.txt [...] --to-lint git-add.txt a-file.txt [...]
+my %TXT;
+my %SECTION;
+my $section;
+my $lint_these = 0;
+for my $arg (@ARGV) {
+	if (my ($sec) = $arg =~ /^--section=(\d+)$/s) {
+		$section = $sec;
+		next;
+	}
 
-my $found_errors = 0;
+	my ($name) = $arg =~ /^(.*?)\.txt$/s;
+	unless (defined $section) {
+		$TXT{$name} = $arg;
+		next;
+	}
 
-sub report {
-	my ($where, $what, $error) = @_;
-	print "$where: $error: $what\n";
-	$found_errors = 1;
+	$SECTION{$name} = $section;
 }
 
-sub grab_section {
-	my ($page) = @_;
-	open my $fh, "<", "$basedir/$page.txt";
-	my $firstline = <$fh>;
-	chomp $firstline;
-	close $fh;
-	my ($section) = ($firstline =~ /.*\((\d)\)$/);
-	return $section;
+my $exit_code = 0;
+sub report {
+	my ($pos, $line, $target, $msg) = @_;
+	substr($line, $pos) = "' <-- HERE";
+	$line =~ s/^\s+//;
+	print "$ARGV:$.: error: $target: $msg, shown with 'HERE' below:\n";
+	print "$ARGV:$.:\t'$line\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
 }
 
-sub lint {
-	my ($file) = @_;
-	open my $fh, "<", $file
-		or return;
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		my $where = "$file:$.";
-		while (s/linkgit:((.*?)\[(\d)\])//) {
-			my ($target, $page, $section) = ($1, $2, $3);
+@ARGV = sort values %TXT;
+die "BUG: Nothing to process!" unless @ARGV;
+while (<>) {
+	my $line = $_;
+	while ($line =~ m/linkgit:((.*?)\[(\d)\])/g) {
+		my $pos = pos $line;
+		my ($target, $page, $section) = ($1, $2, $3);
 
-			# De-AsciiDoc
-			$page =~ s/{litdd}/--/g;
+		# De-AsciiDoc
+		$page =~ s/{litdd}/--/g;
 
-			if ($page !~ /^git/) {
-				report($where, $target, "nongit link");
-				next;
-			}
-			if (! -f "$basedir/$page.txt") {
-				report($where, $target, "no such source");
-				next;
-			}
-			$real_section = grab_section($page);
-			if ($real_section != $section) {
-				report($where, $target,
-					"wrong section (should be $real_section)");
-				next;
-			}
+		if (!exists $TXT{$page}) {
+			report($pos, $line, $target, "link outside of our own docs");
+			next;
+		}
+		if (!exists $SECTION{$page}) {
+			report($pos, $line, $target, "link outside of our sectioned docs");
+			next;
+		}
+		my $real_section = $SECTION{$page};
+		if ($section != $SECTION{$page}) {
+			report($pos, $line, $target, "wrong section (should be $real_section)");
+			next;
 		}
 	}
-	close $fh;
-}
-
-sub lint_it {
-	lint($File::Find::name) if -f && /\.txt$/;
-}
-
-if (!@ARGV) {
-	find({ wanted => \&lint_it, no_chdir => 1 }, $basedir);
-} else {
-	for (@ARGV) {
-		lint($_);
-	}
+	# this resets our $. for each file
+	close ARGV if eof;
 }
 
-exit $found_errors;
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/Documentation/lint-man-end-blurb.perl b/Documentation/lint-man-end-blurb.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d69312e5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/lint-man-end-blurb.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $exit_code = 0;
+sub report {
+	my ($target, $msg) = @_;
+	print "error: $target: $msg\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
+}
+
+local $/;
+while (my $slurp = <>) {
+	report($ARGV, "has no 'Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite' end blurb")
+		unless $slurp =~ m[
+		^GIT\n
+		 ---\n
+		\QPart of the linkgit:git[1] suite\E \n
+		\z
+	]mx;
+}
+
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/Documentation/lint-man-section-order.perl b/Documentation/lint-man-section-order.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b05f9156dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/lint-man-section-order.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my %SECTIONS;
+{
+	my $order = 0;
+	%SECTIONS = (
+		'NAME' => {
+			required => 1,
+			order => $order++,
+		},
+		'SYNOPSIS' => {
+			required => 1,
+			order => $order++,
+		},
+		'DESCRIPTION' => {
+			required => 1,
+			order => $order++,
+		},
+		'OPTIONS' => {
+			order => $order++,
+			required => 0,
+		},
+		'CONFIGURATION' => {
+			order => $order++,
+		},
+		'BUGS' => {
+			order => $order++,
+		},
+		'SEE ALSO' => {
+			order => $order++,
+		},
+		'GIT' => {
+			required => 1,
+			order => $order++,
+		},
+	);
+}
+my $SECTION_RX = do {
+	my ($names) = join "|", keys %SECTIONS;
+	qr/^($names)$/s;
+};
+
+my $exit_code = 0;
+sub report {
+	my ($msg) = @_;
+	print "$ARGV:$.: $msg\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
+}
+
+my $last_was_section;
+my @actual_order;
+while (my $line = <>) {
+	chomp $line;
+	if ($line =~ $SECTION_RX) {
+		push @actual_order => $line;
+		$last_was_section = 1;
+		# Have no "last" section yet, processing NAME
+		next if @actual_order == 1;
+
+		my @expected_order = sort {
+			$SECTIONS{$a}->{order} <=> $SECTIONS{$b}->{order}
+		} @actual_order;
+
+		my $expected_last = $expected_order[-2];
+		my $actual_last = $actual_order[-2];
+		if ($actual_last ne $expected_last) {
+			report("section '$line' incorrectly ordered, comes after '$actual_last'");
+		}
+		next;
+	}
+	if ($last_was_section) {
+		my $last_section = $actual_order[-1];
+		if (length $last_section ne length $line) {
+			report("dashes under '$last_section' should match its length!");
+		}
+		if ($line !~ /^-+$/) {
+			report("dashes under '$last_section' should be '-' dashes!");
+		}
+		$last_was_section = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (eof) {
+		# We have both a hash and an array to consider, for
+		# convenience
+		my %actual_sections;
+		@actual_sections{@actual_order} = ();
+
+		for my $section (sort keys %SECTIONS) {
+			next if !$SECTIONS{$section}->{required} or exists $actual_sections{$section};
+			report("has no required '$section' section!");
+		}
+
+		# Reset per-file state
+		{
+			@actual_order = ();
+			# this resets our $. for each file
+			close ARGV;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index 45133066e4..cd697f508c 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -190,6 +190,8 @@ The placeholders are:
 '%ai':: author date, ISO 8601-like format
 '%aI':: author date, strict ISO 8601 format
 '%as':: author date, short format (`YYYY-MM-DD`)
+'%ah':: author date, human style (like the `--date=human` option of
+	linkgit:git-rev-list[1])
 '%cn':: committer name
 '%cN':: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
 	linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
@@ -206,6 +208,8 @@ The placeholders are:
 '%ci':: committer date, ISO 8601-like format
 '%cI':: committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
 '%cs':: committer date, short format (`YYYY-MM-DD`)
+'%ch':: committer date, human style(like the `--date=human` option of
+	linkgit:git-rev-list[1])
 '%d':: ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
 '%D':: ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
 '%(describe[:options])':: human-readable name, like
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index b1c8f86c6e..5bf2a85f69 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -892,6 +892,9 @@ or units.  n may be zero.  The suffixes k, m, and g can be used to name
 units in KiB, MiB, or GiB.  For example, 'blob:limit=1k' is the same
 as 'blob:limit=1024'.
 +
+The form '--filter=object:type=(tag|commit|tree|blob)' omits all objects
+which are not of the requested type.
++
 The form '--filter=sparse:oid=<blob-ish>' uses a sparse-checkout
 specification contained in the blob (or blob-expression) '<blob-ish>'
 to omit blobs that would not be not required for a sparse checkout on
@@ -930,6 +933,11 @@ equivalent.
 --no-filter::
 	Turn off any previous `--filter=` argument.
 
+--filter-provided-objects::
+	Filter the list of explicitly provided objects, which would otherwise
+	always be printed even if they did not match any of the filters. Only
+	useful with `--filter=`.
+
 --filter-print-omitted::
 	Only useful with `--filter=`; prints a list of the objects omitted
 	by the filter.  Object IDs are prefixed with a ``~'' character.