diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
83 files changed, 1071 insertions, 263 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile index fa9e5c0acd..d079d7c73a 100644 --- a/Documentation/Makefile +++ b/Documentation/Makefile @@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ ASCIIDOC = asciidoctor ASCIIDOC_CONF = ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml5 ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook45 -ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -acompat-mode +ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -acompat-mode -atabsize=8 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -I. -rasciidoctor-extensions ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -alitdd='&\#x2d;&\#x2d;' DBLATEX_COMMON = diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.7.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..09fc01406c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.13.7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +Git v2.13.7 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.13.6 +------------------- + + * Submodule "names" come from the untrusted .gitmodules file, but we + blindly append them to $GIT_DIR/modules to create our on-disk repo + paths. This means you can do bad things by putting "../" into the + name. We now enforce some rules for submodule names which will cause + Git to ignore these malicious names (CVE-2018-11235). + + Credit for finding this vulnerability and the proof of concept from + which the test script was adapted goes to Etienne Stalmans. + + * It was possible to trick the code that sanity-checks paths on NTFS + into reading random piece of memory (CVE-2018-11233). + +Credit for fixing for these bugs goes to Jeff King, Johannes +Schindelin and others. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..97755a89d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.14.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Git v2.14.4 Release Notes +========================= + +This release is to forward-port the fixes made in the v2.13.7 version +of Git. See its release notes for details. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.2.txt index 9f7e28f8a2..b480e56b68 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.2.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.15.2.txt @@ -43,5 +43,8 @@ Fixes since v2.15.1 * Clarify and enhance documentation for "merge-base --fork-point", as it was clear what it computed but not why/what for. + * This release also contains the fixes made in the v2.13.7 version of + Git. See its release notes for details. + Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.4.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6be538ba30 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.16.4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Git v2.16.4 Release Notes +========================= + +This release is to forward-port the fixes made in the v2.13.7 version +of Git. See its release notes for details. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e01384fe8e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.17.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +Git v2.17.1 Release Notes +========================= + +Fixes since v2.17 +----------------- + + * This release contains the same fixes made in the v2.13.7 version of + Git, covering CVE-2018-11233 and 11235, and forward-ported to + v2.14.4, v2.15.2 and v2.16.4 releases. See release notes to + v2.13.7 for details. + + * In addition to the above fixes, this release has support on the + server side to reject pushes to repositories that attempt to create + such problematic .gitmodules file etc. as tracked contents, to help + hosting sites protect their customers by preventing malicious + contents from spreading. diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt index fccc2f34ef..326ee9e2a2 100644 --- a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt +++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.18.0.txt @@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ UI, Workflows & Features want to move to z/d by taking the hint that the entire directory 'x' moved to 'z'. A bug causing dirty files involved in a rename to be overwritten during merge has also been fixed as part of this - work. + work. Incidentally, this also avoids updating a file in the + working tree after a (non-trivial) merge whose result matches what + our side originally had. * "git filter-branch" learned to use a different exit code to allow the callers to tell the case where there was no new commits to @@ -82,6 +84,69 @@ UI, Workflows & Features "feature" to fetch only commits and/or trees, which nobody used. This has been removed. + * The functionality of "$GIT_DIR/info/grafts" has been superseded by + the "refs/replace/" mechanism for some time now, but the internal + code had support for it in many places, which has been cleaned up + in order to drop support of the "grafts" mechanism. + + * "git worktree add" learned to check out an existing branch. + + * "git --no-pager cmd" did not have short-and-sweet single letter + option. Now it does as "-P". + (merge 7213c28818 js/no-pager-shorthand later to maint). + + * "git rebase" learned "--rebase-merges" to transplant the whole + topology of commit graph elsewhere. + + * "git status" learned to pay attention to UI related diff + configuration variables such as diff.renames. + + * The command line completion mechanism (in contrib/) learned to load + custom completion file for "git $command" where $command is a + custom "git-$command" that the end user has on the $PATH when using + newer version of bash. + + * "git send-email" can sometimes offer confirmation dialog "Send this + email?" with choices 'Yes', 'No', 'Quit', and 'All'. A new action + 'Edit' has been added to this dialog's choice. + + * With merge.renames configuration set to false, the recursive merge + strategy can be told not to spend cycles trying to find renamed + paths and merge them accordingly. + + * "git status" learned to honor a new status.renames configuration to + skip rename detection, which could be useful for those who want to + do so without disabling the default rename detection done by the + "git diff" command. + + * Command line completion (in contrib/) learned to complete pathnames + for various commands better. + + * "git blame" learns to unhighlight uninteresting metadata from the + originating commit on lines that are the same as the previous one, + and also paint lines in different colors depending on the age of + the commit. + + * Transfer protocol v2 learned to support the partial clone. + + * When a short hexadecimal string is used to name an object but there + are multiple objects that share the string as the prefix of their + names, the code lists these ambiguous candidates in a help message. + These object names are now sorted according to their types for + easier eyeballing. + + * "git fetch $there $refspec" that talks over protocol v2 can take + advantage of server-side ref filtering; the code has been extended + so that this mechanism triggers also when fetching with configured + refspec. + + * Our HTTP client code used to advertise that we accept gzip encoding + from the other side; instead, just let cURL library to advertise + and negotiate the best one. + + * "git p4" learned to "unshelve" shelved commit from P4. + (merge 123f631761 ld/p4-unshelve later to maint). + Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. @@ -179,6 +244,64 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. * The code to interface to GPG has been restructured somewhat to make it cleaner to integrate with other types of signature systems later. + * The code has been taught to use the duplicated information stored + in the commit-graph file to learn the tree object name for a commit + to avoid opening and parsing the commit object when it makes sense + to do so. + + * "git gc" in a large repository takes a lot of time as it considers + to repack all objects into one pack by default. The command has + been taught to pretend as if the largest existing packfile is + marked with ".keep" so that it is left untouched while objects in + other packs and loose ones are repacked. + + * The transport protocol v2 is getting updated further. + + * The codepath around object-info API has been taught to take the + repository object (which in turn tells the API which object store + the objects are to be located). + + * "git pack-objects" needs to allocate tons of "struct object_entry" + while doing its work, and shrinking its size helps the performance + quite a bit. + + * The implementation of "git rebase -i --root" has been updated to use + the sequencer machinery more. + + * Developer support update, by using BUG() macro instead of die() to + mark codepaths that should not happen more clearly. + + * Developer support. Use newer GCC on one of the builds done at + TravisCI.org to get more warnings and errors diagnosed. + + * Conversion from uchar[20] to struct object_id continues. + + * By code restructuring of submodule merge in merge-recursive, + informational messages from the codepath are now given using the + same mechanism as other output, and honor the merge.verbosity + configuration. The code also learned to give a few new messages + when a submodule three-way merge resolves cleanly when one side + records a descendant of the commit chosen by the other side. + + * Avoid unchecked snprintf() to make future code auditing easier. + (merge ac4896f007 jk/snprintf-truncation later to maint). + + * Many tests hardcode the raw object names, which would change once + we migrate away from SHA-1. While some of them must test against + exact object names, most of them do not have to use hardcoded + constants in the test. The latter kind of tests have been updated + to test the moral equivalent of the original without hardcoding the + actual object names. + + * The list of commands with their various attributes were spread + across a few places in the build procedure, but it now is getting a + bit more consolidated to allow more automation. + + * Quite a many tests assumed that newly created refs are made as + loose refs using the files backend, which have been updated to use + proper plumbing like rev-parse and update-ref, to avoid breakage + once we start using different ref backends. + Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups. @@ -292,6 +415,99 @@ Fixes since v2.17 some merge commits in certain cases, which has been corrected. (merge be011bbe00 ma/fast-export-skip-merge-fix later to maint). + * The code did not propagate the terminal width to subprocesses via + COLUMNS environment variable, which it now does. This caused + trouble to "git column" helper subprocess when "git tag --column=row" + tried to list the existing tags on a display with non-default width. + (merge b5d5a567fb nd/term-columns later to maint). + + * We learned that our source files with ".pl" and ".py" extensions + are Perl and Python files respectively and changes to them are + better viewed as such with appropriate diff drivers. + (merge 7818b619e2 ab/perl-python-attrs later to maint). + + * "git rebase -i" sometimes left intermediate "# This is a + combination of N commits" message meant for the human consumption + inside an editor in the final result in certain corner cases, which + has been fixed. + (merge 15ef69314d js/rebase-i-clean-msg-after-fixup-continue later to maint). + + * A test to see if the filesystem normalizes UTF-8 filename has been + updated to check what we need to know in a more direct way, i.e. a + path created in NFC form can be accessed with NFD form (or vice + versa) to cope with APFS as well as HFS. + (merge 742ae10e35 tb/test-apfs-utf8-normalization later to maint). + + * "git format-patch --cover --attach" created a broken MIME multipart + message for the cover letter, which has been fixed by keeping the + cover letter as plain text file. + (merge 50cd54ef4e bc/format-patch-cover-no-attach later to maint). + + * The split-index feature had a long-standing and dormant bug in + certain use of the in-core merge machinery, which has been fixed. + (merge 7db118303a en/unpack-trees-split-index-fix later to maint). + + * Asciidoctor gives a reasonable imitation for AsciiDoc, but does not + render illustration in a literal block correctly when indented with + HT by default. The problem is fixed by forcing 8-space tabs. + (merge 379805051d bc/asciidoctor-tab-width later to maint). + + * Code clean-up to adjust to a more recent lockfile API convention that + allows lockfile instances kept on the stack. + (merge 0fa5a2ed8d ma/lockfile-cleanup later to maint). + + * the_repository->index is not a allocated piece of memory but + repo_clear() indiscriminately attempted to free(3) it, which has + been corrected. + (merge 74373b5f10 nd/repo-clear-keep-the-index later to maint). + + * Code clean-up to avoid non-standard-conformant pointer arithmetic. + (merge c112084af9 rs/no-null-ptr-arith-in-fast-export later to maint). + + * Code clean-up to turn history traversal more robust in a + semi-corrupt repository. + (merge 8702b30fd7 jk/unavailable-can-be-missing later to maint). + + * "git update-ref A B" is supposed to ensure that ref A does not yet + exist when B is a NULL OID, but this check was not done correctly + for pseudo-refs outside refs/ hierarchy, e.g. MERGE_HEAD. + + * "git submodule update" and "git submodule add" supported the + "--reference" option to borrow objects from a neighbouring local + repository like "git clone" does, but lacked the more recent + invention "--dissociate". Also "git submodule add" has been taught + to take the "--progress" option. + (merge a0ef29341a cf/submodule-progress-dissociate later to maint). + + * Update credential-netrc helper (in contrib/) to allow customizing + the GPG used to decrypt the encrypted .netrc file. + (merge 786ef50a23 lm/credential-netrc later to maint). + + * "git submodule update" attempts two different kinds of "git fetch" + against the upstream repository to grab a commit bound at the + submodule's path, but it incorrectly gave up if the first kind + (i.e. a normal fetch) failed, making the second "last resort" one + (i.e. fetching an exact commit object by object name) ineffective. + This has been corrected. + (merge e30d833671 sb/submodule-update-try-harder later to maint). + + * Error behaviour of "git grep" when it cannot read the index was + inconsistent with other commands that uses the index, which has + been corrected to error out early. + (merge b2aa84c789 sb/grep-die-on-unreadable-index later to maint). + + * We used to call regfree() after regcomp() failed in some codepaths, + which have been corrected. + (merge 17154b1576 ma/regex-no-regfree-after-comp-fail later to maint). + + * The import-tars script (in contrib/) has been taught to handle + tarballs with overly long paths that use PAX extended headers. + (merge 12ecea46e3 pa/import-tars-long-names later to maint). + + * "git rev-parse Y..." etc. misbehaved when given endpoints were + not committishes. + (merge 0ed556d38f en/rev-parse-invalid-range later to maint). + * Other minor doc, test and build updates and code cleanups. (merge 248f66ed8e nd/trace-with-env later to maint). (merge 14ced5562c ys/bisect-object-id-missing-conversion-fix later to maint). @@ -310,3 +526,18 @@ Fixes since v2.17 (merge adc887221f tq/t1510 later to maint). (merge bed21a8ad6 sg/doc-gc-quote-mismatch-fix later to maint). (merge 73364e4f10 tz/doc-git-urls-reference later to maint). + (merge cd1e606bad bc/mailmap-self later to maint). + (merge f7997e3682 ao/config-api-doc later to maint). + (merge ee930754d8 jk/apply-p-doc later to maint). + (merge 011b648646 nd/pack-format-doc later to maint). + (merge 87a6bb701a sg/t5310-jgit-bitmap-test later to maint). + (merge f6b82970aa sg/t5516-fixes later to maint). + (merge 4362da078e sg/t7005-spaces-in-filenames-cleanup later to maint). + (merge 7d0ee47c11 js/test-unset-prereq later to maint). + (merge 5356a3c354 ah/misc-doc-updates later to maint). + (merge 92c4a7a129 nd/completion-aliasfiletype-typofix later to maint). + (merge 58bd77b66a nd/pack-unreachable-objects-doc later to maint). + (merge 4ed79d5203 sg/t6500-no-redirect-of-stdin later to maint). + (merge 17b8a2d6cd jk/config-blob-sans-repo later to maint). + (merge 590551ca2c rd/tag-doc-lightweight later to maint). + (merge 44f560fc16 rd/init-typo later to maint). diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index 945f8edb46..2488544407 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -176,6 +176,12 @@ that is fine, but please mark it as such. [[send-patches]] === Sending your patches. +:security-ml: footnoteref:[security-ml,The Git Security mailing list: git-security@googlegroups.com] + +Before sending any patches, please note that patches that may be +security relevant should be submitted privately to the Git Security +mailing list{security-ml}, instead of the public mailing list. + Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible. These commands are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways your existing e-mail client that is optimized for "multipart/*" mime @@ -259,17 +265,24 @@ patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message that starts with `-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----`. That is not a text/plain, it's something else. +:security-ml-ref: footnoteref:[security-ml] + +As mentioned at the beginning of the section, patches that may be +security relevant should not be submitted to the public mailing list +mentioned below, but should instead be sent privately to the Git +Security mailing list{security-ml-ref}. + Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing people who are involved in the area you are touching (the `git contacts` command in `contrib/contacts/` can help to identify them), to solicit comments and reviews. -:1: footnote:[The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com] -:2: footnote:[The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org] +:current-maintainer: footnote:[The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com] +:git-ml: footnote:[The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org] After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the -patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer{1} and "cc:" the -list{2} for inclusion. +patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer{current-maintainer} and "cc:" the +list{git-ml} for inclusion. Do not forget to add trailers such as `Acked-by:`, `Reviewed-by:` and `Tested-by:` lines as necessary to credit people who helped your diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt index a05a88fec1..ab641bf5a9 100644 --- a/Documentation/config.txt +++ b/Documentation/config.txt @@ -1068,6 +1068,10 @@ branch.<name>.rebase:: "git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non branch-specific manner. + +When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase' +so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see +linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details). ++ When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened by running 'git pull'. @@ -1247,6 +1251,33 @@ color.status.<slot>:: status short-format), or `unmerged` (files which have unmerged changes). +color.blame.repeatedLines:: + Use the customized color for the part of git-blame output that + is repeated meta information per line (such as commit id, + author name, date and timezone). Defaults to cyan. + +color.blame.highlightRecent:: + This can be used to color the metadata of a blame line depending + on age of the line. ++ +This setting should be set to a comma-separated list of color and date settings, +starting and ending with a color, the dates should be set from oldest to newest. +The metadata will be colored given the colors if the the line was introduced +before the given timestamp, overwriting older timestamped colors. ++ +Instead of an absolute timestamp relative timestamps work as well, e.g. +2.weeks.ago is valid to address anything older than 2 weeks. ++ +It defaults to 'blue,12 month ago,white,1 month ago,red', which colors +everything older than one year blue, recent changes between one month and +one year old are kept white, and lines introduced within the last month are +colored red. + +blame.coloring:: + This determines the coloring scheme to be applied to blame + output. It can be 'repeatedLines', 'highlightRecent', + or 'none' which is the default. + color.transport:: A boolean to enable/disable color when pushes are rejected. May be set to `always`, `false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which @@ -1381,6 +1412,14 @@ credential.<url>.*:: credentialCache.ignoreSIGHUP:: Tell git-credential-cache--daemon to ignore SIGHUP, instead of quitting. +completion.commands:: + This is only used by git-completion.bash to add or remove + commands from the list of completed commands. Normally only + porcelain commands and a few select others are completed. You + can add more commands, separated by space, in this + variable. Prefixing the command with '-' will remove it from + the existing list. + include::diff-config.txt[] difftool.<tool>.path:: @@ -1596,6 +1635,18 @@ gc.autoDetach:: Make `git gc --auto` return immediately and run in background if the system supports it. Default is true. +gc.bigPackThreshold:: + If non-zero, all packs larger than this limit are kept when + `git gc` is run. This is very similar to `--keep-base-pack` + except that all packs that meet the threshold are kept, not + just the base pack. Defaults to zero. Common unit suffixes of + 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported. ++ +Note that if the number of kept packs is more than gc.autoPackLimit, +this configuration variable is ignored, all packs except the base pack +will be repacked. After this the number of packs should go below +gc.autoPackLimit and gc.bigPackThreshold should be respected again. + gc.logExpiry:: If the file gc.log exists, then `git gc --auto` won't run unless that file is more than 'gc.logExpiry' old. Default is @@ -2460,6 +2511,7 @@ pack.window:: pack.depth:: The maximum delta depth used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] when no maximum depth is given on the command line. Defaults to 50. + Maximum value is 4095. pack.windowMemory:: The maximum size of memory that is consumed by each thread @@ -2496,7 +2548,8 @@ pack.deltaCacheLimit:: The maximum size of a delta, that is cached in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]. This cache is used to speed up the writing object phase by not having to recompute the final delta - result once the best match for all objects is found. Defaults to 1000. + result once the best match for all objects is found. + Defaults to 1000. Maximum value is 65535. pack.threads:: Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best @@ -2655,6 +2708,10 @@ pull.rebase:: pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a per-branch basis. + +When `merges`, pass the `--rebase-merges` option to 'git rebase' +so that the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see +linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details). ++ When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase' so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened by running 'git pull'. @@ -3157,6 +3214,18 @@ status.displayCommentPrefix:: behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous. Defaults to false. +status.renameLimit:: + The number of files to consider when performing rename detection + in linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1]. Defaults to + the value of diff.renameLimit. + +status.renames:: + Whether and how Git detects renames in linkgit:git-status[1] and + linkgit:git-commit[1] . If set to "false", rename detection is + disabled. If set to "true", basic rename detection is enabled. + If set to "copies" or "copy", Git will detect copies, as well. + Defaults to the value of diff.renames. + status.showStash:: If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will display the number of entries currently stashed away. diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt index 5ca942ab5e..77caa66c2f 100644 --- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt @@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ diff.orderFile:: diff.renameLimit:: The number of files to consider when performing the copy/rename - detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option `-l`. + detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option `-l`. This setting + has no effect if rename detection is turned off. diff.renames:: Whether and how Git detects renames. If set to "false", diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt index 8631e365f4..97d3217df9 100644 --- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt @@ -188,6 +188,14 @@ endif::git-pull[] is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal. +-o <option>:: +--server-option=<option>:: + Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using + protocol version 2. The given string must not contain a NUL or LF + character. + When multiple `--server-option=<option>` are given, they are all + sent to the other side in the order listed on the command line. + -4:: --ipv4:: Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses. diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt index d50fa339dc..45652fe4a6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-add.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt @@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files. for command-line options). -Configuration +CONFIGURATION ------------- The optional configuration variable `core.excludesFile` indicates a path to a @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ Because this example lets the shell expand the asterisk (i.e. you are listing the files explicitly), it does not consider `subdir/git-foo.sh`. -Interactive mode +INTERACTIVE MODE ---------------- When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the output of the 'status' subcommand, and then goes into its diff --git a/Documentation/git-annotate.txt b/Documentation/git-annotate.txt index 05fd482b74..e44a831339 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-annotate.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-annotate.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-annotate - Annotate file lines with commit information SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git annotate' [options] file [revision] +'git annotate' [<options>] <file> [<revision>] DESCRIPTION ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt index 4ebc3d3271..67228494c0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt @@ -113,8 +113,10 @@ explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath` (see linkgit:git-config[1]). -p<n>:: - Remove <n> leading slashes from traditional diff paths. The - default is 1. + Remove <n> leading path components (separated by slashes) from + traditional diff paths. E.g., with `-p2`, a patch against + `a/dir/file` will be applied directly to `file`. The default is + 1. -C<n>:: Ensure at least <n> lines of surrounding context match before @@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ When `git apply` is used as a "better GNU patch", the user can pass the `--unsafe-paths` option to override this safety check. This option has no effect when `--index` or `--cached` is in use. -Configuration +CONFIGURATION ------------- apply.ignoreWhitespace:: @@ -251,7 +253,7 @@ apply.whitespace:: When no `--whitespace` flag is given from the command line, this configuration item is used as the default. -Submodules +SUBMODULES ---------- If the patch contains any changes to submodules then 'git apply' treats these changes as follows. diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt index b3084c99c1..02eccbb931 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt @@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ CONFIGURATION `--list` is used or implied. The default is to use a pager. See linkgit:git-config[1]. -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- Start development from a known tag:: @@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ See linkgit:git-fetch[1]. is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch. -Notes +NOTES ----- If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt index 3a8120c3b3..7d6c9dcd17 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt @@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored when unpacking at the destination. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A to another repository R2 on machine B. diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt index aa3b2bf2fc..3c0578217b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ git-check-attr - Display gitattributes information SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git check-attr' [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname... -'git check-attr' --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] +'git check-attr' [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>... +'git check-attr' --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt index 611754f10b..8b42cb3fb2 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt @@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ git-check-ignore - Debug gitignore / exclude files SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git check-ignore' [options] pathname... -'git check-ignore' [options] --stdin +'git check-ignore' [<options>] <pathname>... +'git check-ignore' [<options>] --stdin DESCRIPTION ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt index 39028ee1a3..aa2055dbeb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-check-mailmap - Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git check-mailmap' [options] <contact>... +'git check-mailmap' [<options>] <contact>... DESCRIPTION diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt index b844b9957c..a55536f0bf 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt @@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ or `--mirror` is given) :git-clone: 1 include::urls.txt[] -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- * Clone from upstream: diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt index 2b85826393..0216c18ef8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-credential-cache - Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory SYNOPSIS -------- ----------------------------- -git config credential.helper 'cache [options]' +git config credential.helper 'cache [<options>]' ----------------------------- DESCRIPTION diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt index 25fb963f4b..693dd9d9d7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-credential-store - Helper to store credentials on disk SYNOPSIS -------- ------------------- -git config credential.helper 'store [options]' +git config credential.helper 'store [<options>]' ------------------- DESCRIPTION diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt index ba90066f10..f98b7c6ed7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ cvspserver stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/bin/git-cvsserver git-cvsserver pserver Usage: [verse] -'git-cvsserver' [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...] +'git-cvsserver' [<options>] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...] OPTIONS ------- @@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ allowing access over SSH. ------ [[dbbackend]] -Database Backend +DATABASE BACKEND ---------------- 'git-cvsserver' uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to @@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ git-cvsserver, as described above. When these environment variables are set, the corresponding command-line arguments may not be used. -Eclipse CVS Client Notes +ECLIPSE CVS CLIENT NOTES ------------------------ To get a checkout with the Eclipse CVS client: @@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ offer. In that case CVS_SERVER is ignored, and you will have to replace the cvs utility on the server with 'git-cvsserver' or manipulate your `.bashrc` so that calling 'cvs' effectively calls 'git-cvsserver'. -Clients known to work +CLIENTS KNOWN TO WORK --------------------- - CVS 1.12.9 on Debian @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ Clients known to work - Eclipse 3.0, 3.1.2 on MacOSX (see Eclipse CVS Client Notes) - TortoiseCVS -Operations supported +OPERATIONS SUPPORTED -------------------- All the operations required for normal use are supported, including @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ For best consistency with 'cvs', it is probably best to override the defaults by setting `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` to true, and `gitcvs.allBinary` to "guess". -Dependencies +DEPENDENCIES ------------ 'git-cvsserver' depends on DBD::SQLite. diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt index b380677718..f4bd8155c0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt @@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ include::diff-options.txt[] include::diff-format.txt[] -Operating Modes +OPERATING MODES --------------- You can choose whether you want to trust the index file entirely (using the `--cached` flag) or ask the diff logic to show any files that don't match the stat state as being "tentatively changed". Both of these operations are very useful indeed. -Cached Mode +CACHED MODE ----------- If `--cached` is specified, it allows you to ask: @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ So doing a `git diff-index --cached` is basically very useful when you are asking yourself "what have I already marked for being committed, and what's the difference to a previous tree". -Non-cached Mode +NON-CACHED MODE --------------- The "non-cached" mode takes a different approach, and is potentially the more useful of the two in that what it does can't be emulated with diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt index 7870e175b7..2319b2b192 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff-tree.txt @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ include::pretty-options.txt[] include::pretty-formats.txt[] -Limiting Output +LIMITING OUTPUT --------------- If you're only interested in differences in a subset of files, for example some architecture-specific files, you might do: diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt index b0c1bb95c8..b180f1fa5b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt @@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git diff' [options] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...] -'git diff' [options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...] -'git diff' [options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...] -'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob> -'git diff' [options] [--no-index] [--] <path> <path> +'git diff' [<options>] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...] +'git diff' [<options>] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...] +'git diff' [<options>] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...] +'git diff' [<options>] <blob> <blob> +'git diff' [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path> DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. -'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] [--] [<path>...]:: This form is to view the changes you made relative to the index (staging area for the next commit). In other @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. further add to the index but you still haven't. You can stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1]. -'git diff' --no-index [--options] [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] --no-index [--] <path> <path>:: This form is to compare the given two paths on the filesystem. You can omit the `--no-index` option when @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. or when running the command outside a working tree controlled by Git. -'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]:: This form is to view the changes you staged for the next commit relative to the named <commit>. Typically you @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. <commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes. --staged is a synonym of --cached. -'git diff' [--options] <commit> [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] <commit> [--] [<path>...]:: This form is to view the changes you have in your working tree relative to the named <commit>. You can @@ -56,18 +56,18 @@ two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk. branch name to compare with the tip of a different branch. -'git diff' [--options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]:: This is to view the changes between two arbitrary <commit>. -'git diff' [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]:: This is synonymous to the previous form. If <commit> on one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as using HEAD instead. -'git diff' [--options] <commit>\...<commit> [--] [<path>...]:: +'git diff' [<options>] <commit>\...<commit> [--] [<path>...]:: This form is to view the changes on the branch containing and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and "<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the "SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. -'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>:: +'git diff' [<options>] <blob> <blob>:: This form is to view the differences between the raw contents of two blob objects. diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt index ed57c684db..ce954be532 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-fast-export - Git data exporter SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git fast-export [options]' | 'git fast-import' +'git fast-export [<options>]' | 'git fast-import' DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there is no private data in the stream. -Limitations +LIMITATIONS ----------- Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt index 3d3d219e58..e81117d27f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-fast-import - Backend for fast Git data importers SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -frontend | 'git fast-import' [options] +frontend | 'git fast-import' [<options>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Performance and Compression Tuning fastimport.unpackLimit:: See linkgit:git-config[1] -Performance +PERFORMANCE ----------- The design of fast-import allows it to import large projects in a minimum amount of memory usage and processing time. Assuming the frontend @@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ faster if the source data is stored on a different drive than the destination Git repository (due to less IO contention). -Development Cost +DEVELOPMENT COST ---------------- A typical frontend for fast-import tends to weigh in at approximately 200 lines of Perl/Python/Ruby code. Most developers have been able to @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ an ideal situation, given that most conversion tools are throw-away (use once, and never look back). -Parallel Operation +PARALLEL OPERATION ------------------ Like 'git push' or 'git fetch', imports handled by fast-import are safe to run alongside parallel `git repack -a -d` or `git gc` invocations, @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ this only be used on an otherwise quiet repository. Using --force is not necessary for an initial import into an empty repository. -Technical Discussion +TECHNICAL DISCUSSION -------------------- fast-import tracks a set of branches in memory. Any branch can be created or modified at any point during the import process by sending a @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ directory also allows fast-import to run very quickly, as it does not need to perform any costly file update operations when switching between branches. -Input Format +INPUT FORMAT ------------ With the exception of raw file data (which Git does not interpret) the fast-import input format is text (ASCII) based. This text based @@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ If the `--done` command-line option or `feature done` command is in use, the `done` command is mandatory and marks the end of the stream. -Responses To Commands +RESPONSES TO COMMANDS --------------------- New objects written by fast-import are not available immediately. Most fast-import commands have no visible effect until the next @@ -1160,7 +1160,7 @@ To avoid deadlock, such frontends must completely consume any pending output from `progress`, `ls`, `get-mark`, and `cat-blob` before performing writes to fast-import that might block. -Crash Reports +CRASH REPORTS ------------- If fast-import is supplied invalid input it will terminate with a non-zero exit status and create a crash report in the top level of @@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ An example crash: END OF CRASH REPORT ==== -Tips and Tricks +TIPS AND TRICKS --------------- The following tips and tricks have been collected from various users of fast-import, and are offered here as suggestions. @@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ Your users will feel better knowing how much of the data stream has been processed. -Packfile Optimization +PACKFILE OPTIMIZATION --------------------- When packing a blob fast-import always attempts to deltify against the last blob written. Unless specifically arranged for by the frontend, @@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@ to force recomputation of all deltas can significantly reduce the final packfile size (30-50% smaller can be quite typical). -Memory Utilization +MEMORY UTILIZATION ------------------ There are a number of factors which affect how much memory fast-import requires to perform an import. Like critical sections of core @@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ and lazy loading of subtrees, allows fast-import to efficiently import projects with 2,000+ branches and 45,114+ files in a very limited memory footprint (less than 2.7 MiB per active branch). -Signals +SIGNALS ------- Sending *SIGUSR1* to the 'git fast-import' process ends the current packfile early, simulating a `checkpoint` command. The impatient diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt index b634043183..e6f08ab189 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt @@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ rewrite, the exit status is `2`. On any other error, the exit status may be any other non-zero value. -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- Suppose you want to remove a file (containing confidential information @@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ git filter-branch --parent-filter \ or even simpler: ----------------------------------------------- -echo "$commit-id $graft-id" >> .git/info/grafts +git replace --graft $commit-id $graft-id git filter-branch $graft-id..HEAD ----------------------------------------------- @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ git filter-branch --index-filter \ -Checklist for Shrinking a Repository +CHECKLIST FOR SHRINKING A REPOSITORY ------------------------------------ git-filter-branch can be used to get rid of a subset of files, @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ warned. (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to `--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead). -Notes +NOTES ----- git-filter-branch allows you to make complex shell-scripted rewrites diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt index 44892c447e..423b6e033b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt @@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ merge.summary:: Synonym to `merge.log`; this is deprecated and will be removed in the future. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- --------- $ git fetch origin master diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt index 7c8a2edd48..24b2dd44fe 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force] +'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force] [--keep-largest-pack] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -56,10 +56,16 @@ single pack using `git repack -d -l`. Setting the value of `gc.auto` to 0 disables automatic packing of loose objects. + If the number of packs exceeds the value of `gc.autoPackLimit`, -then existing packs (except those marked with a `.keep` file) +then existing packs (except those marked with a `.keep` file +or over `gc.bigPackThreshold` limit) are consolidated into a single pack by using the `-A` option of -'git repack'. Setting `gc.autoPackLimit` to 0 disables -automatic consolidation of packs. +'git repack'. +If the amount of memory is estimated not enough for `git repack` to +run smoothly and `gc.bigPackThreshold` is not set, the largest +pack will also be excluded (this is the equivalent of running `git gc` +with `--keep-base-pack`). +Setting `gc.autoPackLimit` to 0 disables automatic consolidation of +packs. + If houskeeping is required due to many loose objects or packs, all other housekeeping tasks (e.g. rerere, working trees, reflog...) will @@ -84,7 +90,12 @@ be performed as well. Force `git gc` to run even if there may be another `git gc` instance running on this repository. -Configuration +--keep-largest-pack:: + All packs except the largest pack and those marked with a + `.keep` files are consolidated into a single pack. When this + option is used, `gc.bigPackThreshold` is ignored. + +CONFIGURATION ------------- The optional configuration variable `gc.reflogExpire` can be @@ -144,7 +155,7 @@ old a stale working tree should be before `git worktree prune` deletes it. Default is "3 months ago". -Notes +NOTES ----- 'git gc' tries very hard not to delete objects that are referenced diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt index 18b494731f..312409a607 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ providing this option will cause it to die. For more details about the <pathspec> syntax, see the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7]. -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- `git grep 'time_t' -- '*.[ch]'`:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt index 40d328a4b3..a40fc38d8b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-help.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-help - Display help information about Git SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git help' [-a|--all] [-g|--guide] +'git help' [-a|--all [--verbose]] [-g|--guide] [-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND|GUIDE] DESCRIPTION @@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ OPTIONS --all:: Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This option overrides any given command or guide name. + When used with `--verbose` print description for all recognized + commands. -g:: --guides:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-push.txt b/Documentation/git-http-push.txt index 2aceb6f26d..ea03a4eeb0 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-http-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-http-push.txt @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ OPTIONS The remote refs to update. -Specifying the Refs +SPECIFYING THE REFS ------------------- A '<ref>' specification can be either a single pattern, or a pair diff --git a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt index 5d1e4c80cd..032613c420 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt @@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ Using direct mode with SSL: ......................... -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- To submit patches using GMail's IMAP interface, first, edit your ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings: diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt index 138edb47b6..d5b7560bfe 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt @@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ OPTIONS --max-input-size=<size>:: Die, if the pack is larger than <size>. -Note ----- +NOTES +----- Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted and the SHA-1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was diff --git a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt index ff446f15f7..9111c47a1b 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt @@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ git-interpret-trailers - add or parse structured information in commit messages SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git interpret-trailers' [options] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...] -'git interpret-trailers' [options] [--parse] [<file>...] +'git interpret-trailers' [<options>] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...] +'git interpret-trailers' [<options>] [--parse] [<file>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt index 3ac3e3a77d..5298f1bc30 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt @@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ OPTIONS Show only ignored files in the output. When showing files in the index, print only those matched by an exclude pattern. When showing "other" files, show only those matched by an exclude - pattern. + pattern. Standard ignore rules are not automatically activated, + therefore at least one of the `--exclude*` options is required. -s:: --stage:: @@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ followed by the ("attr/<eolattr>"). Files to show. If no files are given all files which match the other specified criteria are shown. -Output +OUTPUT ------ 'git ls-files' just outputs the filenames unless `--stage` is specified in which case it outputs: @@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ quoted as explained for the configuration variable `core.quotePath` verbatim and the line is terminated by a NUL byte. -Exclude Patterns +EXCLUDE PATTERNS ---------------- 'git ls-files' can use a list of "exclude patterns" when diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt index 6ad1e34afc..b9fd3770a6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt @@ -70,6 +70,14 @@ OPTIONS themselves will not work for refs whose objects have not yet been fetched from the remote, and will give a `missing object` error. +-o <option>:: +--server-option=<option>:: + Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using + protocol version 2. The given string must not contain a NUL or LF + character. + When multiple `--server-option=<option>` are given, they are all + sent to the other side in the order listed on the command line. + <repository>:: The "remote" repository to query. This parameter can be either a URL or the name of a remote (see the GIT URLS and diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt index e8e68f528c..5cb0eb0855 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt @@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ OPTIONS --always:: Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- Given a commit, find out where it is relative to the local refs. Say somebody wrote you about that fantastic commit 33db5f4d9027a10e477ccf054b2c1ab94f74c85a. diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt index d8c8f11c9f..b9fecebc0c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt @@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ Submit Git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'. The command the updated p4 remote branch. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- * Clone a repository: + ------------ @@ -164,6 +164,31 @@ $ git p4 submit --shelve $ git p4 submit --update-shelve 1234 --update-shelve 2345 ---- + +Unshelve +~~~~~~~~ +Unshelving will take a shelved P4 changelist, and produce the equivalent git commit +in the branch refs/remotes/p4/unshelved/<changelist>. + +The git commit is created relative to the current origin revision (HEAD by default). +If the shelved changelist's parent revisions differ, git-p4 will refuse to unshelve; +you need to be unshelving onto an equivalent tree. + +The origin revision can be changed with the "--origin" option. + +If the target branch in refs/remotes/p4/unshelved already exists, the old one will +be renamed. + +---- +$ git p4 sync +$ git p4 unshelve 12345 +$ git show refs/remotes/p4/unshelved/12345 +<submit more changes via p4 to the same files> +$ git p4 unshelve 12345 +<refuses to unshelve until git is in sync with p4 again> + +---- + OPTIONS ------- @@ -337,6 +362,13 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior. --import-labels:: Import p4 labels. +Unshelve options +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +--origin:: + Sets the git refspec against which the shelved P4 changelist is compared. + Defaults to p4/master. + DEPOT PATH SYNTAX ----------------- The p4 depot path argument to 'git p4 sync' and 'git p4 clone' can @@ -392,7 +424,7 @@ dedicating a client spec just for 'git p4'. The name of the client can be given to 'git p4' in multiple ways. The variable 'git-p4.client' takes precedence if it exists. Otherwise, normal p4 mechanisms of determining the client are used: environment -variable P4CLIENT, a file referenced by P4CONFIG, or the local host name. +variable `P4CLIENT`, a file referenced by `P4CONFIG`, or the local host name. BRANCH DETECTION @@ -461,22 +493,22 @@ General variables ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ git-p4.user:: User specified as an option to all p4 commands, with '-u <user>'. - The environment variable 'P4USER' can be used instead. + The environment variable `P4USER` can be used instead. git-p4.password:: Password specified as an option to all p4 commands, with '-P <password>'. - The environment variable 'P4PASS' can be used instead. + The environment variable `P4PASS` can be used instead. git-p4.port:: Port specified as an option to all p4 commands, with '-p <port>'. - The environment variable 'P4PORT' can be used instead. + The environment variable `P4PORT` can be used instead. git-p4.host:: Host specified as an option to all p4 commands, with '-h <host>'. - The environment variable 'P4HOST' can be used instead. + The environment variable `P4HOST` can be used instead. git-p4.client:: Client specified as an option to all p4 commands, with diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt index 81bc490ac5..d95b472d16 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git pack-objects' [-q | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied] [--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty] [--local] [--incremental] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>] - [--revs [--unpacked | --all]] + [--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--keep-pack=<pack-name>] [--stdout [--filter=<filter-spec>] | base-name] [--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] < object-list @@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ base-name:: it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker side, because delta data needs to be applied that many times to get to the necessary object. - The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. ++ +The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. The maximum +depth is 4095. --window-memory=<n>:: This option provides an additional limit on top of `--window`; @@ -126,6 +128,13 @@ base-name:: has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it would have otherwise been packed. +--keep-pack=<pack-name>:: + This flag causes an object already in the given pack to be + ignored, even if it would have otherwise been + packed. `<pack-name>` is the the pack file name without + leading directory (e.g. `pack-123.pack`). The option could be + specified multiple times to keep multiple packs. + --incremental:: This flag causes an object already in a pack to be ignored even if it would have otherwise been packed. @@ -267,6 +276,19 @@ Unexpected missing object will raise an error. locally created objects [without .promisor] and objects from the promisor remote [with .promisor].) This is used with partial clone. +--keep-unreachable:: + Objects unreachable from the refs in packs named with + --unpacked= option are added to the resulting pack, in + addition to the reachable objects that are not in packs marked + with *.keep files. This implies `--revs`. + +--pack-loose-unreachable:: + Pack unreachable loose objects (and their loose counterparts + removed). This implies `--revs`. + +--unpack-unreachable:: + Keep unreachable objects in loose form. This implies `--revs`. + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-rev-list[1] diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt index a37c0af931..03552dd86f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt @@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ OPTIONS reachable from any of our references, keep objects reachable from listed <head>s. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- To prune objects not used by your repository or another that borrows from your repository via its @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ borrows from your repository via its $ git prune $(cd ../another && git rev-parse --all) ------------ -Notes +NOTES ----- In most cases, users will not need to call 'git prune' directly, but diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt index ce05b7a5b1..118d9d86f7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] +'git pull' [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] DESCRIPTION @@ -101,13 +101,17 @@ Options related to merging include::merge-options.txt[] -r:: ---rebase[=false|true|preserve|interactive]:: +--rebase[=false|true|merges|preserve|interactive]:: When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing non-local changes. + +When set to `merges`, rebase using `git rebase --rebase-merges` so that +the local merge commits are included in the rebase (see +linkgit:git-rebase[1] for details). ++ When set to preserve, rebase with the `--preserve-merges` option passed to `git rebase` so that locally created merge commits will not be flattened. + diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt index 34410f9fca..55277a9781 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-push.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [--atomic] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [-d | --delete] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] - [-u | --set-upstream] [--push-option=<string>] + [-u | --set-upstream] [-o <string> | --push-option=<string>] [--[no-]signed|--signed=(true|false|if-asked)] [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]]] [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]] @@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ already exists on the remote side. will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full symbolic names of the refs will be given. +-d:: --delete:: All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is the same as prefixing all refs with a colon. @@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ reason:: refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for failure is described. -Note about fast-forwards +NOTE ABOUT FAST-FORWARDS ------------------------ When an update changes a branch (or more in general, a ref) that used to @@ -510,7 +511,7 @@ overwrite it. In other words, "git push --force" is a method reserved for a case where you do mean to lose history. -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- `git push`:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt index f2a07d54d6..5c70bc2878 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ OPTIONS The id of the tree object(s) to be read/merged. -Merging +MERGING ------- If `-m` is specified, 'git read-tree' can perform 3 kinds of merge, a single tree merge if only 1 tree is given, a @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ middle of doing, and when your working tree is ready (i.e. you have finished your work-in-progress), attempt the merge again. -Sparse checkout +SPARSE CHECKOUT --------------- "Sparse checkout" allows populating the working directory sparsely. diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index dd852068b1..0e20a66e73 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ git-rebase - Reapply commits on top of another base tip SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] +'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [<options>] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream> [<branch>]] -'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] +'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [<options>] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>] 'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort | --quit | --edit-todo | --show-current-patch @@ -379,6 +379,33 @@ The commit list format can be changed by setting the configuration option rebase.instructionFormat. A customized instruction format will automatically have the long commit hash prepended to the format. +-r:: +--rebase-merges[=(rebase-cousins|no-rebase-cousins)]:: + By default, a rebase will simply drop merge commits from the todo + list, and put the rebased commits into a single, linear branch. + With `--rebase-merges`, the rebase will instead try to preserve + the branching structure within the commits that are to be rebased, + by recreating the merge commits. Any resolved merge conflicts or + manual amendments in these merge commits will have to be + resolved/re-applied manually. ++ +By default, or when `no-rebase-cousins` was specified, commits which do not +have `<upstream>` as direct ancestor will keep their original branch point, +i.e. commits that would be excluded by gitlink:git-log[1]'s +`--ancestry-path` option will keep their original ancestry by default. If +the `rebase-cousins` mode is turned on, such commits are instead rebased +onto `<upstream>` (or `<onto>`, if specified). ++ +The `--rebase-merges` mode is similar in spirit to `--preserve-merges`, but +in contrast to that option works well in interactive rebases: commits can be +reordered, inserted and dropped at will. ++ +It is currently only possible to recreate the merge commits using the +`recursive` merge strategy; Different merge strategies can be used only via +explicit `exec git merge -s <strategy> [...]` commands. ++ +See also REBASING MERGES below. + -p:: --preserve-merges:: Recreate merge commits instead of flattening the history by replaying @@ -776,12 +803,146 @@ The ripple effect of a "hard case" recovery is especially bad: 'everyone' downstream from 'topic' will now have to perform a "hard case" recovery too! +REBASING MERGES +----------------- + +The interactive rebase command was originally designed to handle +individual patch series. As such, it makes sense to exclude merge +commits from the todo list, as the developer may have merged the +then-current `master` while working on the branch, only to rebase +all the commits onto `master` eventually (skipping the merge +commits). + +However, there are legitimate reasons why a developer may want to +recreate merge commits: to keep the branch structure (or "commit +topology") when working on multiple, inter-related branches. + +In the following example, the developer works on a topic branch that +refactors the way buttons are defined, and on another topic branch +that uses that refactoring to implement a "Report a bug" button. The +output of `git log --graph --format=%s -5` may look like this: + +------------ +* Merge branch 'report-a-bug' +|\ +| * Add the feedback button +* | Merge branch 'refactor-button' +|\ \ +| |/ +| * Use the Button class for all buttons +| * Extract a generic Button class from the DownloadButton one +------------ + +The developer might want to rebase those commits to a newer `master` +while keeping the branch topology, for example when the first topic +branch is expected to be integrated into `master` much earlier than the +second one, say, to resolve merge conflicts with changes to the +DownloadButton class that made it into `master`. + +This rebase can be performed using the `--rebase-merges` option. +It will generate a todo list looking like this: + +------------ +label onto + +# Branch: refactor-button +reset onto +pick 123456 Extract a generic Button class from the DownloadButton one +pick 654321 Use the Button class for all buttons +label refactor-button + +# Branch: report-a-bug +reset refactor-button # Use the Button class for all buttons +pick abcdef Add the feedback button +label report-a-bug + +reset onto +merge -C a1b2c3 refactor-button # Merge 'refactor-button' +merge -C 6f5e4d report-a-bug # Merge 'report-a-bug' +------------ + +In contrast to a regular interactive rebase, there are `label`, `reset` +and `merge` commands in addition to `pick` ones. + +The `label` command associates a label with the current HEAD when that +command is executed. These labels are created as worktree-local refs +(`refs/rewritten/<label>`) that will be deleted when the rebase +finishes. That way, rebase operations in multiple worktrees linked to +the same repository do not interfere with one another. If the `label` +command fails, it is rescheduled immediately, with a helpful message how +to proceed. + +The `reset` command resets the HEAD, index and worktree to the specified +revision. It is isimilar to an `exec git reset --hard <label>`, but +refuses to overwrite untracked files. If the `reset` command fails, it is +rescheduled immediately, with a helpful message how to edit the todo list +(this typically happens when a `reset` command was inserted into the todo +list manually and contains a typo). + +The `merge` command will merge the specified revision into whatever is +HEAD at that time. With `-C <original-commit>`, the commit message of +the specified merge commit will be used. When the `-C` is changed to +a lower-case `-c`, the message will be opened in an editor after a +successful merge so that the user can edit the message. + +If a `merge` command fails for any reason other than merge conflicts (i.e. +when the merge operation did not even start), it is rescheduled immediately. + +At this time, the `merge` command will *always* use the `recursive` +merge strategy, with no way to choose a different one. To work around +this, an `exec` command can be used to call `git merge` explicitly, +using the fact that the labels are worktree-local refs (the ref +`refs/rewritten/onto` would correspond to the label `onto`, for example). + +Note: the first command (`label onto`) labels the revision onto which +the commits are rebased; The name `onto` is just a convention, as a nod +to the `--onto` option. + +It is also possible to introduce completely new merge commits from scratch +by adding a command of the form `merge <merge-head>`. This form will +generate a tentative commit message and always open an editor to let the +user edit it. This can be useful e.g. when a topic branch turns out to +address more than a single concern and wants to be split into two or +even more topic branches. Consider this todo list: + +------------ +pick 192837 Switch from GNU Makefiles to CMake +pick 5a6c7e Document the switch to CMake +pick 918273 Fix detection of OpenSSL in CMake +pick afbecd http: add support for TLS v1.3 +pick fdbaec Fix detection of cURL in CMake on Windows +------------ + +The one commit in this list that is not related to CMake may very well +have been motivated by working on fixing all those bugs introduced by +switching to CMake, but it addresses a different concern. To split this +branch into two topic branches, the todo list could be edited like this: + +------------ +label onto + +pick afbecd http: add support for TLS v1.3 +label tlsv1.3 + +reset onto +pick 192837 Switch from GNU Makefiles to CMake +pick 918273 Fix detection of OpenSSL in CMake +pick fdbaec Fix detection of cURL in CMake on Windows +pick 5a6c7e Document the switch to CMake +label cmake + +reset onto +merge tlsv1.3 +merge cmake +------------ + BUGS ---- The todo list presented by `--preserve-merges --interactive` does not represent the topology of the revision graph. Editing commits and rewording their commit messages should work fine, but attempts to -reorder commits tend to produce counterintuitive results. +reorder commits tend to produce counterintuitive results. Use +`--rebase-merges` in such scenarios instead. For example, an attempt to rearrange ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt index 86a4b32f0f..dedf97efbb 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ OPTIONS <directory>:: The repository to sync into. -pre-receive Hook +PRE-RECEIVE HOOK ---------------- Before any ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-receive file exists and is executable, it will be invoked once with no parameters. The @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ bail out if the update is not to be supported. See the notes on the quarantine environment below. -update Hook +UPDATE HOOK ----------- Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists and is executable, it is invoked once per ref, with three parameters: @@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ ensure the ref will actually be updated, it is only a prerequisite. As such it is not a good idea to send notices (e.g. email) from this hook. Consider using the post-receive hook instead. -post-receive Hook +POST-RECEIVE HOOK ----------------- After all refs were updated (or attempted to be updated), if any ref update was successful, and if $GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ after it was updated by 'git-receive-pack', but before the hook was able to evaluate it. It is recommended that hooks rely on sha1-new rather than the current value of refname. -post-update Hook +POST-UPDATE HOOK ---------------- After all other processing, if at least one ref was updated, and if $GIT_DIR/hooks/post-update file exists and is executable, then @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ if the repository is packed and is served via a dumb transport. exec git update-server-info -Quarantine Environment +QUARANTINE ENVIRONMENT ---------------------- When `receive-pack` takes in objects, they are placed into a temporary diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt index b25d0b5996..3fc5d94336 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt @@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ some tunnel. the vhost field in the git:// service request (to rest of the argument). Default is not to send vhost in such request (if sent). -ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES: ----------------------- +ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES +--------------------- GIT_TRANSLOOP_DEBUG:: If set, prints debugging information about various reads/writes. -ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES PASSED TO COMMAND: ----------------------------------------- +ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES PASSED TO COMMAND +--------------------------------------- GIT_EXT_SERVICE:: Set to long name (git-upload-pack, etc...) of service helper needs @@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX:: to invoke. -EXAMPLES: ---------- +EXAMPLES +-------- This remote helper is transparently used by Git when you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>", , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL> diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt index 4feddc0293..0cad37fb81 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt @@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ actually prune them. 'update':: -Fetch updates for a named set of remotes in the repository as defined by -remotes.<group>. If a named group is not specified on the command line, +Fetch updates for remotes or remote groups in the repository as defined by +remotes.<group>. If neither group nor remote is specified on the command line, the configuration parameter remotes.default will be used; if remotes.default is not defined, all remotes which do not have the configuration parameter remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate set to true will @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ The remote configuration is achieved using the `remote.origin.url` and `remote.origin.fetch` configuration variables. (See linkgit:git-config[1]). -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- * Add a new remote, fetch, and check out a branch from it diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt index ae750e9e11..d90e7907f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>] [--threads=<n>] +'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>] [--threads=<n>] [--keep-pack=<pack-name>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -90,7 +90,9 @@ other objects in that pack they already have locally. space. `--depth` limits the maximum delta depth; making it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker side, because delta data needs to be applied that many times to get to the necessary object. - The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. ++ +The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50. The maximum +depth is 4095. --threads=<n>:: This option is passed through to `git pack-objects`. @@ -133,6 +135,13 @@ other objects in that pack they already have locally. with `-b` or `repack.writeBitmaps`, as it ensures that the bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects. +--keep-pack=<pack-name>:: + Exclude the given pack from repacking. This is the equivalent + of having `.keep` file on the pack. `<pack-name>` is the the + pack file name without leading directory (e.g. `pack-123.pack`). + The option could be specified multiple times to keep multiple + packs. + --unpack-unreachable=<when>:: When loosening unreachable objects, do not bother loosening any objects older than `<when>`. This can be used to optimize out diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt index e5c57ae6ef..246dc9943c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS 'git replace' [-f] <object> <replacement> 'git replace' [-f] --edit <object> 'git replace' [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...] +'git replace' [-f] --convert-graft-file 'git replace' -d <object>... 'git replace' [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]] @@ -87,9 +88,13 @@ OPTIONS content as <commit> except that its parents will be [<parent>...] instead of <commit>'s parents. A replacement ref is then created to replace <commit> with the newly created - commit. See contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh for an - example script based on this option that can convert grafts to - replace refs. + commit. Use `--convert-graft-file` to convert a + `$GIT_DIR/info/grafts` file and use replace refs instead. + +--convert-graft-file:: + Creates graft commits for all entries in `$GIT_DIR/info/grafts` + and deletes that file upon success. The purpose is to help users + with transitioning off of the now-deprecated graft file. -l <pattern>:: --list <pattern>:: diff --git a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt index c32cb0bea1..4d4392d0f8 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt @@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ ref that is different from the ref you have locally, you can use the its remote name. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- Imagine that you built your work on your `master` branch on top of the `v1.0` release, and want it to be integrated to the project. diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt index 95326b85ff..e72d332b83 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>... +'git rev-parse' [<options>] <args>... DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ Example ------------ OPTS_SPEC="\ -some-command [options] <args>... +some-command [<options>] <args>... some-command does foo and bar! -- @@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ When `"$@"` is `-h` or `--help` in the above example, the following usage text would be shown: ------------ -usage: some-command [options] <args>... +usage: some-command [<options>] <args>... some-command does foo and bar! diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt index 60cf96f4c1..4f3efde80c 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>... +'git send-email' [<options>] <file|directory|rev-list options>... 'git send-email' --dump-aliases @@ -458,8 +458,8 @@ sendemail.confirm:: one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See `--confirm` in the previous section for the meaning of these values. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- Use gmail as the smtp server ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server, diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt index f51c64939b..44fd146b91 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet. The remote refs to update. -Specifying the Refs +SPECIFYING THE REFS ------------------- There are three ways to specify which refs to update on the diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt index 54cf2560be..11361f33e9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt @@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ permissions. If a `no-interactive-login` command exists, then it is run and the interactive shell is aborted. -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- To disable interactive logins, displaying a greeting instead: diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt index 7818e0f098..262db049d7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt @@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ The "fixes" branch adds one commit "Introduce "reset type" flag to The current branch is "master". -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- If you keep your primary branches immediately under `refs/heads`, and topic branches in subdirectories of diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt index c0aa871c9e..d28e6154c6 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt @@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ $ git show-ref --heads --hash ... ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- To show all references called "master", whether tags or heads or anything else, and regardless of how deep in the reference naming hierarchy they are, diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt index e73ef54017..fcf528c1b3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-show.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-show - Show various types of objects SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git show' [options] [<object>...] +'git show' [<options>] [<object>...] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ EXAMPLES Concatenates the contents of said Makefiles in the head of the branch `master`. -Discussion +DISCUSSION ---------- include::i18n.txt[] diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt index c16e27e63d..c4467ffb98 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-status.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt @@ -135,6 +135,16 @@ ignored, then the directory is not shown, but all contents are shown. Display or do not display detailed ahead/behind counts for the branch relative to its upstream branch. Defaults to true. +--renames:: +--no-renames:: + Turn on/off rename detection regardless of user configuration. + See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--no-renames`. + +--find-renames[=<n>]:: + Turn on rename detection, optionally setting the similarity + threshold. + See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--find-renames`. + <pathspec>...:: See the 'pathspec' entry in linkgit:gitglossary[7]. diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt index 630999f41a..4a5cc38a6f 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt @@ -239,6 +239,13 @@ OPTIONS --quiet:: Only print error messages. +--progress:: + This option is only valid for add and update commands. + Progress status is reported on the standard error stream + by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q + is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the + standard error stream is not directed to a terminal. + --all:: This option is only valid for the deinit command. Unregister all submodules in the working tree. @@ -362,7 +369,15 @@ the submodule itself. this option will be passed to the linkgit:git-clone[1] command. + *NOTE*: Do *not* use this option unless you have read the note -for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully. +for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference`, `--shared`, and `--dissociate` +options carefully. + +--dissociate:: + This option is only valid for add and update commands. These + commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case, + this option will be passed to the linkgit:git-clone[1] command. ++ +*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--reference` option. --recursive:: This option is only valid for foreach, update, status and sync commands. diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index d59379ee23..7ea24fc942 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git svn' <command> [options] [arguments] +'git svn' <command> [<options>] [<arguments>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ creating the branch or tag. config key: svn.useLogAuthor --add-author-from:: - When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit' + When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'set-tree' or 'dcommit' operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line, append a `From:` line based on the Git commit's author string. If you use this, then `--use-log-author` diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt index 1d17101bac..87c4288ffc 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt @@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ in the tag message. If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <keyid>` are absent, `-a` is implied. -Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA-1 object name of the commit object is -created (i.e. a lightweight tag). +Otherwise, a tag reference that points directly at the given object +(i.e., a lightweight tag) is created. A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u <keyid>` is used. When `-u <keyid>` is not used, the diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt index 3897a59ee9..4e8e762e68 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ will remove the intended effect of the option. cleaner names. The same applies to directories ending '/' and paths with '//' -Using --refresh +USING --REFRESH --------------- `--refresh` does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index up to date for mode/content changes. But what it *does* do is to @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ the stat entry is out of date. For example, you'd want to do this after doing a 'git read-tree', to link up the stat index details with the proper files. -Using --cacheinfo or --info-only +USING --CACHEINFO OR --INFO-ONLY -------------------------------- `--cacheinfo` is used to register a file that is not in the current working directory. This is useful for minimum-checkout @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the object database. -Using --index-info +USING --INDEX-INFO ------------------ `--index-info` is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ $ git ls-files -s ------------ -Using ``assume unchanged'' bit +USING ``ASSUME UNCHANGED'' BIT ------------------------------ Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an @@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ the index (use `git update-index --really-refresh` if you want to mark them as "assume unchanged"). -Examples +EXAMPLES -------- To update and refresh only the files already checked out: @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ M foo.c <9> now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed. -Skip-worktree bit +SKIP-WORKTREE BIT ----------------- Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading @@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is different from assume-unchanged bit's. Skip-worktree also takes precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set. -Split index +SPLIT INDEX ----------- This mode is designed for repositories with very large indexes, and @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ To avoid deleting a shared index file that is still used, its modification time is updated to the current time everytime a new split index based on the shared index file is either created or read from. -Untracked cache +UNTRACKED CACHE --------------- This cache is meant to speed up commands that involve determining @@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ As with the bug described above the solution is to one-off do a "git status" run with `core.untrackedCache=false` to flush out the leftover bad data. -File System Monitor +FILE SYSTEM MONITOR ------------------- This feature is intended to speed up git operations for repos that have @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ file system monitor is added to or removed from the index the next time a command reads the index. When `--[no-]fsmonitor` are used, the file system monitor is immediately added to or removed from the index. -Configuration +CONFIGURATION ------------- The command honors `core.filemode` configuration variable. If diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt index 969bfab2ab..bc8fdfd469 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt @@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ modifications are performed. Note that while each individual <ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may still see a subset of the modifications. -Logging Updates +LOGGING UPDATES --------------- If config parameter "core.logAllRefUpdates" is true and the ref is one under "refs/heads/", "refs/remotes/", "refs/notes/", or the symbolic ref HEAD; or diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt index 44ff9541df..6072f936ab 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-var.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt @@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ OPTIONS as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.) -EXAMPLE +EXAMPLES -------- $ git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@lnxi.com> 1121223278 -0600 VARIABLES ----------- +--------- GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT:: The author of a piece of code. diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt index 2d6b09a43c..fd952a5ff9 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-web--browse - Git helper script to launch a web browser SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git web{litdd}browse' [OPTIONS] URL/FILE ... +'git web{litdd}browse' [<options>] <url|file>... DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ variable exists then 'git web{litdd}browse' will treat the specified tool as a custom command and will use a shell eval to run the command with the URLs passed as arguments. -Note about konqueror +NOTE ABOUT KONQUEROR -------------------- When 'konqueror' is specified by a command-line option or a diff --git a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt index 9920d9c06e..afc6576a14 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-worktree.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-worktree.txt @@ -61,8 +61,13 @@ $ git worktree add --track -b <branch> <path> <remote>/<branch> ------------ + If `<commit-ish>` is omitted and neither `-b` nor `-B` nor `--detach` used, -then, as a convenience, a new branch based at HEAD is created automatically, -as if `-b $(basename <path>)` was specified. +then, as a convenience, the new worktree is associated with a branch +(call it `<branch>`) named after `$(basename <path>)`. If `<branch>` +doesn't exist, a new branch based on HEAD is automatically created as +if `-b <branch>` was given. If `<branch>` does exist, it will be +checked out in the new worktree, if it's not checked out anywhere +else, otherwise the command will refuse to create the worktree (unless +`--force` is used). list:: diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index 4767860e72..dba7f0c18e 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS [verse] 'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path] - [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] + [-p|--paginate|-P|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>] [--super-prefix=<path>] <command> [<args>] @@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string which `git config configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section below). +-P:: --no-pager:: Do not pipe Git output into a pager. @@ -163,6 +164,16 @@ foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string which `git config Do not perform optional operations that require locks. This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS` to `0`. +--list-cmds=group[,group...]:: + List commands by group. This is an internal/experimental + option and may change or be removed in the future. Supported + groups are: builtins, parseopt (builtin commands that use + parse-options), main (all commands in libexec directory), + others (all other commands in `$PATH` that have git- prefix), + list-<category> (see categories in command-list.txt), + nohelpers (exclude helper commands), alias and config + (retrieve command list from config variable completion.commands) + GIT COMMANDS ------------ diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index ee210be3ec..92010b062e 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitattributes(5) NAME ---- -gitattributes - defining attributes per path +gitattributes - Defining attributes per path SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -1229,8 +1229,8 @@ to: ------------ -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- If you have these three `gitattributes` file: diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt index 9f13266a68..592e06d839 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt @@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ couple of magic command-line options: + --------------------------------------------- $ git describe -h -usage: git describe [options] <commit-ish>* - or: git describe [options] --dirty +usage: git describe [<options>] <commit-ish>* + or: git describe [<options>] --dirty --contains find the tag that comes after the commit --debug debug search strategy on stderr diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index f877f7b7cd..e3c283a174 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Hooks can get their arguments via the environment, command-line arguments, and stdin. See the documentation for each hook below for details. -'git init' may copy hooks to the new repository, depending on its +`git init` may copy hooks to the new repository, depending on its configuration. See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section in linkgit:git-init[1] for details. When the rest of this document refers to "default hooks" it's talking about the default template shipped @@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ HOOKS applypatch-msg ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git am'. It takes a single +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes a single parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit -log message. Exiting with a non-zero status causes 'git am' to abort +log message. Exiting with a non-zero status causes `git am` to abort before applying the patch. The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ The default 'applypatch-msg' hook, when enabled, runs the pre-applypatch ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git am'. It takes no parameter, and is +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes no parameter, and is invoked after the patch is applied, but before a commit is made. If it exits with non-zero status, then the working tree will not be @@ -76,33 +76,33 @@ The default 'pre-applypatch' hook, when enabled, runs the post-applypatch ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git am'. It takes no parameter, +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-am[1]. It takes no parameter, and is invoked after the patch is applied and a commit is made. This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect -the outcome of 'git am'. +the outcome of `git am`. pre-commit ~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1], and can be bypassed with the `--no-verify` option. It takes no parameters, and is invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and making a commit. Exiting with a non-zero status from this script -causes the 'git commit' command to abort before creating a commit. +causes the `git commit` command to abort before creating a commit. The default 'pre-commit' hook, when enabled, catches introduction of lines with trailing whitespaces and aborts the commit when such a line is found. -All the 'git commit' hooks are invoked with the environment +All the `git commit` hooks are invoked with the environment variable `GIT_EDITOR=:` if the command will not bring up an editor to modify the commit message. prepare-commit-msg ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git commit' right after preparing the +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1] right after preparing the default log message, and before the editor is started. It takes one to three parameters. The first is the name of the file @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash` (if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by a commit SHA-1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given). -If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort. +If the exit status is non-zero, `git commit` will abort. The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option. A non-zero exit @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ help message found in the commented portion of the commit template. commit-msg ~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git commit' and 'git merge', and can be +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1] and linkgit:git-merge[1], and can be bypassed with the `--no-verify` option. It takes a single parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message. Exiting with a non-zero status causes the command to abort. @@ -143,16 +143,16 @@ The default 'commit-msg' hook, when enabled, detects duplicate post-commit ~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git commit'. It takes no parameters, and is +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-commit[1]. It takes no parameters, and is invoked after a commit is made. This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect -the outcome of 'git commit'. +the outcome of `git commit`. pre-rebase ~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a +This hook is called by linkgit:git-rebase[1] and can be used to prevent a branch from getting rebased. The hook may be called with one or two parameters. The first parameter is the upstream from which the series was forked. The second parameter is the branch being @@ -161,17 +161,17 @@ rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch. post-checkout ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked when a 'git checkout' is run after having updated the +This hook is invoked when a linkgit:git-checkout[1] is run after having updated the worktree. The hook is given three parameters: the ref of the previous HEAD, the ref of the new HEAD (which may or may not have changed), and a flag indicating whether the checkout was a branch checkout (changing branches, flag=1) or a file checkout (retrieving a file from the index, flag=0). -This hook cannot affect the outcome of 'git checkout'. +This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git checkout`. -It is also run after 'git clone', unless the --no-checkout (-n) option is +It is also run after linkgit:git-clone[1], unless the `--no-checkout` (`-n`) option is used. The first parameter given to the hook is the null-ref, the second the -ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1. Likewise for 'git worktree add' -unless --no-checkout is used. +ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1. Likewise for `git worktree add` +unless `--no-checkout` is used. This hook can be used to perform repository validity checks, auto-display differences from the previous HEAD if different, or set working dir metadata @@ -180,10 +180,10 @@ properties. post-merge ~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git merge', which happens when a 'git pull' +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-merge[1], which happens when a `git pull` is done on a local repository. The hook takes a single parameter, a status flag specifying whether or not the merge being done was a squash merge. -This hook cannot affect the outcome of 'git merge' and is not executed, +This hook cannot affect the outcome of `git merge` and is not executed, if the merge failed due to conflicts. This hook can be used in conjunction with a corresponding pre-commit hook to @@ -194,10 +194,10 @@ for an example of how to do this. pre-push ~~~~~~~~ -This hook is called by 'git push' and can be used to prevent a push from taking -place. The hook is called with two parameters which provide the name and -location of the destination remote, if a named remote is not being used both -values will be the same. +This hook is called by linkgit:git-push[1] and can be used to prevent +a push from taking place. The hook is called with two parameters +which provide the name and location of the destination remote, if a +named remote is not being used both values will be the same. Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard input with lines of the form: @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`. If the local commit was specified by something other than a name which could be expanded (such as `HEAD~`, or a SHA-1) it will be supplied as it was originally given. -If this hook exits with a non-zero status, 'git push' will abort without +If this hook exits with a non-zero status, `git push` will abort without pushing anything. Information about why the push is rejected may be sent to the user by writing to standard error. @@ -224,8 +224,8 @@ to the user by writing to standard error. pre-receive ~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to -'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. Just before starting to update refs on the remote repository, the pre-receive hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of the update. @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ updated. If the hook exits with zero, updating of individual refs can still be prevented by the <<update,'update'>> hook. Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to -'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages for the user. The number of push options given on the command line of @@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for some caveats. update ~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to -'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. Just before updating the ref on the remote repository, the update hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of the ref update. @@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ three parameters: - and the new object name to be stored in the ref. A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated. -Exiting with a non-zero status prevents 'git-receive-pack' +Exiting with a non-zero status prevents `git receive-pack` from updating that ref. This hook can be used to prevent 'forced' update on certain refs by @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ membership. See linkgit:git-shell[1] for how you might use the login shell to restrict the user's access to only git commands. Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to -'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages for the user. The default 'update' hook, when enabled--and with @@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ unannotated tags to be pushed. post-receive ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to -'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have been updated. @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ arguments, but gets the same information as the <<pre-receive,'pre-receive'>> hook does on its standard input. -This hook does not affect the outcome of 'git-receive-pack', as it +This hook does not affect the outcome of `git receive-pack`, as it is called after the real work is done. This supersedes the <<post-update,'post-update'>> hook in that it gets @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ both old and new values of all the refs in addition to their names. Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to -'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages for the user. The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is @@ -349,8 +349,8 @@ will be set to zero, `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0`. post-update ~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to -'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository. +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository. It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have been updated. @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ It takes a variable number of parameters, each of which is the name of ref that was actually updated. This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect -the outcome of 'git-receive-pack'. +the outcome of `git receive-pack`. The 'post-update' hook can tell what are the heads that were pushed, but it does not know what their original and updated values are, @@ -368,20 +368,20 @@ updated values of the refs. You might consider it instead if you need them. When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs -'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb +`git update-server-info` to keep the information used by dumb transports (e.g., HTTP) up to date. If you are publishing a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should probably enable this hook. Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to -'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages +`git send-pack` on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages for the user. push-to-checkout ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' when it reacts to -'git push' and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to +`git push` and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out and the `receive.denyCurrentBranch` configuration variable is set to `updateInstead`. Such a push by default is refused if the working @@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ when the tip of the current branch is updated to the new commit, and exit with a zero status. For example, the hook can simply run `git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"` -in order to emulate 'git fetch' that is run in the reverse direction -with `git push`, as the two-tree form of `read-tree -u -m` is +in order to emulate `git fetch` that is run in the reverse direction +with `git push`, as the two-tree form of `git read-tree -u -m` is essentially the same as `git checkout` that switches branches while keeping the local changes in the working tree that do not interfere with the difference between the branches. @@ -410,15 +410,16 @@ with the difference between the branches. pre-auto-gc ~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git gc --auto'. It takes no parameter, and -exiting with non-zero status from this script causes the 'git gc --auto' -to abort. +This hook is invoked by `git gc --auto` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]). It +takes no parameter, and exiting with non-zero status from this script +causes the `git gc --auto` to abort. post-rewrite ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by commands that rewrite commits (`git commit ---amend`, 'git-rebase'; currently 'git-filter-branch' does 'not' call +This hook is invoked by commands that rewrite commits +(linkgit:git-commit[1] when called with `--amend` and +linkgit:git-rebase[1]; currently `git filter-branch` does 'not' call it!). Its first argument denotes the command it was invoked by: currently one of `amend` or `rebase`. Further command-dependent arguments may be passed in the future. @@ -450,16 +451,16 @@ processed by rebase. sendemail-validate ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked by 'git send-email'. It takes a single parameter, +This hook is invoked by linkgit:git-send-email[1]. It takes a single parameter, the name of the file that holds the e-mail to be sent. Exiting with a -non-zero status causes 'git send-email' to abort before sending any +non-zero status causes `git send-email` to abort before sending any e-mails. fsmonitor-watchman ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This hook is invoked when the configuration option core.fsmonitor is -set to .git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman. It takes two arguments, a version +This hook is invoked when the configuration option `core.fsmonitor` is +set to `.git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman`. It takes two arguments, a version (currently 1) and the time in elapsed nanoseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970. @@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ directories are checked for untracked files based on the path names given. An optimized way to tell git "all files have changed" is to return -the filename '/'. +the filename `/`. The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the hook to limit its search. On error, it will fall back to verifying diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt index db5d47eb19..4d63def206 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitmodules(5) NAME ---- -gitmodules - defining submodule properties +gitmodules - Defining submodule properties SYNOPSIS -------- diff --git a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt index 27dec5b91d..1f6cceaefb 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitrevisions(7) NAME ---- -gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for Git +gitrevisions - Specifying revisions and ranges for Git SYNOPSIS -------- diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt index 12b6bbf591..662c2713ca 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt @@ -35,7 +35,13 @@ include::fmt-merge-msg-config.txt[] merge.renameLimit:: The number of files to consider when performing rename detection during a merge; if not specified, defaults to the value of - diff.renameLimit. + diff.renameLimit. This setting has no effect if rename detection + is turned off. + +merge.renames:: + Whether and how Git detects renames. If set to "false", + rename detection is disabled. If set to "true", basic rename + detection is enabled. Defaults to the value of diff.renames. merge.renormalize:: Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt index 4a58aad4b8..aa66cbe41e 100644 --- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt +++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt @@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ recursive:: causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history. Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving - renames. This is the default merge strategy when - pulling or merging one branch. + renames, but currently cannot make use of detected + copies. This is the default merge strategy when pulling + or merging one branch. + The 'recursive' strategy can take the following options: @@ -84,12 +85,14 @@ no-renormalize;; `merge.renormalize` configuration variable. no-renames;; - Turn off rename detection. + Turn off rename detection. This overrides the `merge.renames` + configuration variable. See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--no-renames`. find-renames[=<n>];; Turn on rename detection, optionally setting the similarity - threshold. This is the default. + threshold. This is the default. This overrides the + 'merge.renames' configuration variable. See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--find-renames`. rename-threshold=<n>;; diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt index dfcc49c72c..7d1bd44094 100644 --- a/Documentation/revisions.txt +++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt @@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ syntax. Here are various ways to spell object names. The ones listed near the end of this list name trees and blobs contained in a commit. +NOTE: This document shows the "raw" syntax as seen by git. The shell +and other UIs might require additional quoting to protect special +characters and to avoid word splitting. + '<sha1>', e.g. 'dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735', 'dae86e':: The full SHA-1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or a leading substring that is unique within the repository. @@ -186,6 +190,8 @@ existing tag object. is matched. ':/!-foo' performs a negative match, while ':/!!foo' matches a literal '!' character, followed by 'foo'. Any other sequence beginning with ':/!' is reserved for now. + Depending on the given text, the shell's word splitting rules might + require additional quoting. '<rev>:<path>', e.g. 'HEAD:README', ':README', 'master:./README':: A suffix ':' followed by a path names the blob or tree @@ -345,6 +351,7 @@ Here are a handful of examples using the Loeliger illustration above, with each step in the notation's expansion and selection carefully spelt out: +.... Args Expanded arguments Selected commits D G H D D F G H I J D F @@ -367,3 +374,4 @@ spelt out: = B ^B^1 ^B^2 ^B^3 = B ^D ^E ^F B F^! D = F ^I ^J D G H D F +.... diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt index 9a778b0cad..fa39ac9d71 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt @@ -47,21 +47,23 @@ will first feed the user-wide one to the callback, and then the repo-specific one; by overwriting, the higher-priority repo-specific value is left at the end). -The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config +The `config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like `git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup process. It takes two extra parameters: -`filename`:: -If this parameter is non-NULL, it specifies the name of a file to -parse for configuration, rather than looking in the usual files. Regular -`git_config` defaults to `NULL`. +`config_source`:: +If this parameter is non-NULL, it specifies the source to parse for +configuration, rather than looking in the usual files. See `struct +git_config_source` in `config.h` for details. Regular `git_config` defaults +to `NULL`. -`respect_includes`:: -Specify whether include directives should be followed in parsed files. -Regular `git_config` defaults to `1`. +`opts`:: +Specify options to adjust the behavior of parsing config files. See `struct +config_options` in `config.h` for details. As an example: regular `git_config` +sets `opts.respect_includes` to `1` by default. Reading Specific Files ---------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-oid-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-oid-array.txt index b0c11f868d..9febfb1d52 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/api-oid-array.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/api-oid-array.txt @@ -35,13 +35,18 @@ Functions Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the initial, empty state. +`oid_array_for_each`:: + Iterate over each element of the list, executing the callback + function for each one. Does not sort the list, so any custom + hash order is retained. If the callback returns a non-zero + value, the iteration ends immediately and the callback's + return is propagated; otherwise, 0 is returned. + `oid_array_for_each_unique`:: - Efficiently iterate over each unique element of the list, - executing the callback function for each one. If the array is - not sorted, this function has the side effect of sorting it. If - the callback returns a non-zero value, the iteration ends - immediately and the callback's return is propagated; otherwise, - 0 is returned. + Iterate over each unique element of the list in sorted order, + but otherwise behave like `oid_array_for_each`. If the array + is not sorted, this function has the side effect of sorting + it. Examples -------- diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt index 8e5bf60be3..70a99fd142 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt @@ -36,6 +36,98 @@ Git pack format - The trailer records 20-byte SHA-1 checksum of all of the above. +=== Object types + +Valid object types are: + +- OBJ_COMMIT (1) +- OBJ_TREE (2) +- OBJ_BLOB (3) +- OBJ_TAG (4) +- OBJ_OFS_DELTA (6) +- OBJ_REF_DELTA (7) + +Type 5 is reserved for future expansion. Type 0 is invalid. + +=== Deltified representation + +Conceptually there are only four object types: commit, tree, tag and +blob. However to save space, an object could be stored as a "delta" of +another "base" object. These representations are assigned new types +ofs-delta and ref-delta, which is only valid in a pack file. + +Both ofs-delta and ref-delta store the "delta" to be applied to +another object (called 'base object') to reconstruct the object. The +difference between them is, ref-delta directly encodes 20-byte base +object name. If the base object is in the same pack, ofs-delta encodes +the offset of the base object in the pack instead. + +The base object could also be deltified if it's in the same pack. +Ref-delta can also refer to an object outside the pack (i.e. the +so-called "thin pack"). When stored on disk however, the pack should +be self contained to avoid cyclic dependency. + +The delta data is a sequence of instructions to reconstruct an object +from the base object. If the base object is deltified, it must be +converted to canonical form first. Each instruction appends more and +more data to the target object until it's complete. There are two +supported instructions so far: one for copy a byte range from the +source object and one for inserting new data embedded in the +instruction itself. + +Each instruction has variable length. Instruction type is determined +by the seventh bit of the first octet. The following diagrams follow +the convention in RFC 1951 (Deflate compressed data format). + +==== Instruction to copy from base object + + +----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+ + | 1xxxxxxx | offset1 | offset2 | offset3 | offset4 | size1 | size2 | size3 | + +----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+ + +This is the instruction format to copy a byte range from the source +object. It encodes the offset to copy from and the number of bytes to +copy. Offset and size are in little-endian order. + +All offset and size bytes are optional. This is to reduce the +instruction size when encoding small offsets or sizes. The first seven +bits in the first octet determines which of the next seven octets is +present. If bit zero is set, offset1 is present. If bit one is set +offset2 is present and so on. + +Note that a more compact instruction does not change offset and size +encoding. For example, if only offset2 is omitted like below, offset3 +still contains bits 16-23. It does not become offset2 and contains +bits 8-15 even if it's right next to offset1. + + +----------+---------+---------+ + | 10000101 | offset1 | offset3 | + +----------+---------+---------+ + +In its most compact form, this instruction only takes up one byte +(0x80) with both offset and size omitted, which will have default +values zero. There is another exception: size zero is automatically +converted to 0x10000. + +==== Instruction to add new data + + +----------+============+ + | 0xxxxxxx | data | + +----------+============+ + +This is the instruction to construct target object without the base +object. The following data is appended to the target object. The first +seven bits of the first octet determines the size of data in +bytes. The size must be non-zero. + +==== Reserved instruction + + +----------+============ + | 00000000 | + +----------+============ + +This is the instruction reserved for future expansion. + == Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format: - The header consists of 256 4-byte network byte order diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt index 136179d7d8..49bda76d23 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-v2.txt @@ -290,6 +290,15 @@ included in the clients request as well as the potential addition of the Cannot be used with "deepen", but can be used with "deepen-since". +If the 'filter' feature is advertised, the following argument can be +included in the client's request: + + filter <filter-spec> + Request that various objects from the packfile be omitted + using one of several filtering techniques. These are intended + for use with partial clone and partial fetch operations. See + `rev-list` for possible "filter-spec" values. + The response of `fetch` is broken into a number of sections separated by delimiter packets (0001), with each section beginning with its section header. @@ -393,3 +402,13 @@ header. 1 - pack data 2 - progress messages 3 - fatal error message just before stream aborts + + server-option +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +If advertised, indicates that any number of server specific options can be +included in a request. This is done by sending each option as a +"server-option=<option>" capability line in the capability-list section of +a request. + +The provided options must not contain a NUL or LF character. diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt index 5183b15422..01dedfe9ff 100644 --- a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt +++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt @@ -8,20 +8,22 @@ repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that these commits have no parents. ********************************************************* -The basic idea is to write the SHA-1s of shallow commits into -$GIT_DIR/shallow, and handle its contents like the contents -of $GIT_DIR/info/grafts (with the difference that shallow -cannot contain parent information). - -This information is stored in a new file instead of grafts, or -even the config, since the user should not touch that file -at all (even throughout development of the shallow clone, it -was never manually edited!). +$GIT_DIR/shallow lists commit object names and tells Git to +pretend as if they are root commits (e.g. "git log" traversal +stops after showing them; "git fsck" does not complain saying +the commits listed on their "parent" lines do not exist). Each line contains exactly one SHA-1. When read, a commit_graft will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier to discern from user provided grafts. +Note that the shallow feature could not be changed easily to +use replace refs: a commit containing a `mergetag` is not allowed +to be replaced, not even by a root commit. Such a commit can be +made shallow, though. Also, having a `shallow` file explicitly +listing all the commits made shallow makes it a *lot* easier to +do shallow-specific things such as to deepen the history. + Since fsck-objects relies on the library to read the objects, it honours shallow commits automatically. |