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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/user-manual.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/user-manual.txt | 51 |
1 files changed, 30 insertions, 21 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt index f13a846131..1b377dc207 100644 --- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt +++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt @@ -1136,9 +1136,12 @@ Creating good commit messages Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough -description. Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use -the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the -body. +description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit +message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used +throughout git. For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a +commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the +rest of the commit in the body. + [[ignoring-files]] Ignoring files @@ -1582,7 +1585,7 @@ Checking the repository for corruption The linkgit:git-fsck[1] command runs a number of self-consistency checks on the repository, and reports on any problems. This may take some -time. The most common warning by far is about "dangling" objects: +time. ------------------------------------------------- $ git fsck @@ -1597,9 +1600,11 @@ dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f ... ------------------------------------------------- -Dangling objects are not a problem. At worst they may take up a little -extra disk space. They can sometimes provide a last-resort method for -recovering lost work--see <<dangling-objects>> for details. +You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects +that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of +your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with "gc". +You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still +view real errors. [[recovering-lost-changes]] Recovering lost changes @@ -1609,7 +1614,7 @@ Recovering lost changes Reflogs ^^^^^^^ -Say you modify a branch with `linkgit:git-reset[1] --hard`, and then +Say you modify a branch with +linkgit:git-reset[1] \--hard+, and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in history. @@ -1782,6 +1787,13 @@ $ git format-patch origin will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD. +`git format-patch` can include an initial "cover letter". You can insert +commentary on individual patches after the three dash line which +`format-patch` places after the commit message but before the patch +itself. If you use `git notes` to track your cover letter material, +`git format-patch --notes` will include the commit's notes in a similar +manner. + You can then import these into your mail client and send them by hand. However, if you have a lot to send at once, you may prefer to use the linkgit:git-send-email[1] script to automate the process. @@ -2868,7 +2880,7 @@ $ git fetch example You can also add a "+" to force the update each time: ------------------------------------------------- -$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master +$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:refs/remotes/example/master ------------------------------------------------- Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly @@ -2964,7 +2976,7 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by: - a tree: The SHA-1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing the contents of a directory at a certain point in time. -- parent(s): The SHA-1 name of some number of commits which represent the +- parent(s): The SHA-1 name(s) of some number of commits which represent the immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project. The example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than one. A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and @@ -3295,15 +3307,12 @@ it is with linkgit:git-fsck[1]; this may be time-consuming. Assume the output looks like this: ------------------------------------------------ -$ git fsck --full +$ git fsck --full --no-dangling broken link from tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8 to blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 ------------------------------------------------ -(Typically there will be some "dangling object" messages too, but they -aren't interesting.) - Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6 points to it. If you could find just one copy of that missing blob object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into @@ -3364,8 +3373,8 @@ Date: :100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile ------------------------------------------------ -This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was -"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha". +This tells you that the immediately following version of the file was +"newsha", and that the immediately preceding version was "oldsha". You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha. @@ -4036,8 +4045,8 @@ $ git ls-files --unmerged Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the filename. The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it -came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD` -tree, and stage3 `$target` tree. +came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to +the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree. Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside `git read-tree -m`. For example, if the file did not change @@ -4208,7 +4217,7 @@ commits one by one with the function `get_revision()`. If you are interested in more details of the revision walking process, just have a look at the first implementation of `cmd_log()`; call -`git show v1.3.0{tilde}155^2{tilde}4` and scroll down to that function (note that you +`git show v1.3.0~155^2~4` and scroll down to that function (note that you no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly). Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the @@ -4271,9 +4280,9 @@ Two things are interesting here: negative numbers in case of different errors--and 0 on success. - the variable `sha1` in the function signature of `get_sha1()` is `unsigned - char {asterisk}`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned + char *`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned char[20]`. This variable will contain the 160-bit SHA-1 of the given - commit. Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char {asterisk}`, it + commit. Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char *`, it is the binary representation, as opposed to the ASCII representation in hex characters, which is passed as `char *`. |