diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/howto')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/howto/make-dist.txt | 47 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/howto/rebase-and-edit.txt | 78 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt | 163 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/howto/using-topic-branches.txt | 153 |
4 files changed, 441 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/make-dist.txt b/Documentation/howto/make-dist.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ae9094157c --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/howto/make-dist.txt @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +Date: Fri, 12 Aug 2005 22:39:48 -0700 (PDT) +From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> +To: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> +cc: git@vger.kernel.org +Subject: Re: Fwd: Re: git checkout -f branch doesn't remove extra files + +On Sat, 13 Aug 2005, Dave Jones wrote: +> +> > Git actually has a _lot_ of nifty tools. I didn't realize that people +> > didn't know about such basic stuff as "git-tar-tree" and "git-ls-files". +> +> Maybe its because things are moving so fast :) Or maybe I just wasn't +> paying attention on that day. (I even read the git changes via RSS, +> so I should have no excuse). + +Well, git-tar-tree has been there since late April - it's actually one of +those really early commands. I'm pretty sure the RSS feed came later ;) + +I use it all the time in doing releases, it's a lot faster than creating a +tar tree by reading the filesystem (even if you don't have to check things +out). A hidden pearl. + +This is my crappy "release-script": + + [torvalds@g5 ~]$ cat bin/release-script + #!/bin/sh + stable="$1" + last="$2" + new="$3" + echo "# git-tag-script v$new" + echo "git-tar-tree v$new linux-$new | gzip -9 > ../linux-$new.tar.gz" + echo "git-diff-tree -p v$stable v$new | gzip -9 > ../patch-$new.gz" + echo "git-rev-list --pretty v$new ^v$last > ../ChangeLog-$new" + echo "git-rev-list --pretty=short v$new ^v$last | git-shortlog > ../ShortLog" + echo "git-diff-tree -p v$last v$new | git-apply --stat > ../diffstat-$new" + +and when I want to do a new kernel release I literally first tag it, and +then do + + release-script 2.6.12 2.6.13-rc6 2.6.13-rc7 + +and check that things look sane, and then just cut-and-paste the commands. + +Yeah, it's stupid. + + Linus + diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-and-edit.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-and-edit.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8299ca5cdc --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-and-edit.txt @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +Date: Sat, 13 Aug 2005 22:16:02 -0700 (PDT) +From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> +To: Steve French <smfrench@austin.rr.com> +cc: git@vger.kernel.org +Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree + +On Sat, 13 Aug 2005, Linus Torvalds wrote: + +> That's correct. Same things apply: you can move a patch over, and create a +> new one with a modified comment, but basically the _old_ commit will be +> immutable. + +Let me clarify. + +You can entirely _drop_ old branches, so commits may be immutable, but +nothing forces you to keep them. Of course, when you drop a commit, you'll +always end up dropping all the commits that depended on it, and if you +actually got somebody else to pull that commit you can't drop it from +_their_ repository, but undoing things is not impossible. + +For example, let's say that you've made a mess of things: you've committed +three commits "old->a->b->c", and you notice that "a" was broken, but you +want to save "b" and "c". What you can do is + + # Create a branch "broken" that is the current code + # for reference + git branch broken + + # Reset the main branch to three parents back: this + # effectively undoes the three top commits + git reset HEAD^^^ + git checkout -f + + # Check the result visually to make sure you know what's + # going on + gitk --all + + # Re-apply the two top ones from "broken" + # + # First "parent of broken" (aka b): + git-diff-tree -p broken^ | git-apply --index + git commit --reedit=broken^ + + # Then "top of broken" (aka c): + git-diff-tree -p broken | git-apply --index + git commit --reedit=broken + +and you've now re-applied (and possibly edited the comments) the two +commits b/c, and commit "a" is basically gone (it still exists in the +"broken" branch, of course). + +Finally, check out the end result again: + + # Look at the new commit history + gitk --all + +to see that everything looks sensible. + +And then, you can just remove the broken branch if you decide you really +don't want it: + + # remove 'broken' branch + rm .git/refs/heads/broken + + # Prune old objects if you're really really sure + git prune + +And yeah, I'm sure there are other ways of doing this. And as usual, the +above is totally untested, and I just wrote it down in this email, so if +I've done something wrong, you'll have to figure it out on your own ;) + + Linus +- +To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in +the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org +More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html + + diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..8109b7ff26 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +From: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> +To: git@vger.kernel.org +Cc: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>, Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> +Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree +Date: Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700 + +Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> writes: + +> Dear diary, on Sun, Aug 14, 2005 at 09:57:13AM CEST, I got a letter +> where Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> told me that... +>> Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> writes: +>> +>> > Junio, maybe you want to talk about how you move patches from your "pu" +>> > branch to the real branches. +>> +> Actually, wouldn't this be also precisely for what StGIT is intended to? + +Exactly my feeling. I was sort of waiting for Catalin to speak +up. With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is +the kind of task StGIT is designed to do. + +I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core +GIT tools. + +I had a handful commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I +wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of +placing new things in pu first. At the beginning, the commit +ancestry graph looked like this: + + *"pu" head + master --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 + +So I started from master, made a bunch of edits, and committed: + + $ git checkout master + $ cd Documentation; ed git.txt git-apply-patch-script.txt ... + $ cd ..; git add Documentation/*.txt + $ git commit -s -v + +NOTE. The -v flag to commit is a handy way to make sure that +your additions are not introducing bogusly formatted lines. + +After the commit, the ancestry graph would look like this: + + *"pu" head + master^ --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 + \ + \---> master + +The old master is now master^ (the first parent of the master). +The new master commit holds my documentation updates. + +Now I have to deal with "pu" branch. + +This is the kind of situation I used to have all the time when +Linus was the maintainer and I was a contributor, when you look +at "master" branch being the "maintainer" branch, and "pu" +branch being the "contributor" branch. Your work started at the +tip of the "maintainer" branch some time ago, you made a lot of +progress in the meantime, and now the maintainer branch has some +other commits you do not have yet. And "git rebase" was written +with the explicit purpose of helping to maintain branches like +"pu". You _could_ merge master to pu and keep going, but if you +eventually want to cherrypick and merge some but not necessarily +all changes back to the master branch, it often makes later +operations for _you_ easier if you rebase (i.e. carry forward +your changes) "pu" rather than merge. So I ran "git rebase": + + $ git checkout pu + $ git rebase master pu + +What this does is to pick all the commits since the current +branch (note that I now am on "pu" branch) forked from the +master branch, and forward port these changes. + + master^ --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 + \ *"pu" head + \---> master --> #1' --> #2' --> #3' + +The diff between master^ and #1 is applied to master and +committed to create #1' commit with the commit information (log, +author and date) taken from commit #1. On top of that #2' and #3' +commits are made similarly out of #2 and #3 commits. + +Old #3 is not recorded in any of the .git/refs/heads/ file +anymore, so after doing this you will have dangling commit if +you ran fsck-cache, which is normal. After testing "pu", you +can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits. + +While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how +to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools. + +Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels. + +You, as an individual developer, cloned upstream repository and +amde a couple of commits on top of it. + + *your "master" head + upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 + +You would want changes #2 and #3 incorporated in the upstream, +while you feel that #1 may need further improvements. So you +prepare #2 and #3 for e-mail submission. + + $ git format-patch master^^ master + +This creates two files, 0001-XXXX.txt and 0002-XXXX.txt. Send +them out "To: " your project maintainer and "Cc: " your mailing +list. You could use contributed script git-send-email-script if +your host has necessary perl modules for this, but your usual +MUA would do as long as it does not corrupt whitespaces in the +patch. + +Then you would wait, and you find out that the upstream picked +up your changes, along with other changes. + + where *your "master" head + upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 + used \ + to be \--> #A --> #2' --> #3' --> #B --> #C + *upstream head + +The two commits #2' and #3' in the above picture record the same +changes your e-mail submission for #2 and #3 contained, but +probably with the new sign-off line added by the upsteam +maintainer and definitely with different committer and ancestry +information, they are different objects from #2 and #3 commits. + +You fetch from upstream, but not merge. + + $ git fetch upstream + +This leaves the updated upstream head in .git/FETCH_HEAD but +does not touch your .git/HEAD nor .git/refs/heads/master. +You run "git rebase" now. + + $ git rebase FETCH_HEAD master + +Earlier, I said that rebase applies all the commits from your +branch on top of the upstream head. Well, I lied. "git rebase" +is a bit smarter than that and notices that #2 and #3 need not +be applied, so it only applies #1. The commit ancestry graph +becomes something like this: + + where *your old "master" head + upstream --> #1 --> #2 --> #3 + used \ your new "master" head* + to be \--> #A --> #2' --> #3' --> #B --> #C --> #1' + *upstream + head + +Again, "git prune" would discard the disused commits #1-#3 and +you continue on starting from the new "master" head, which is +the #1' commit. + +-jc + +- +To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in +the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org +More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html + + diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-topic-branches.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-topic-branches.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..de28cf7ce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/howto/using-topic-branches.txt @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +Date: Mon, 15 Aug 2005 12:17:41 -0700 +From: tony.luck@intel.com +Subject: Some tutorial text (was git/cogito workshop/bof at linuxconf au?) + +Here's something that I've been putting together on how I'm using +GIT as a Linux subsystem maintainer. + +I suspect that I'm a bit slap-happy with the "git checkout" commands in +the examples below, and perhaps missing some of the _true-git_ ways of +doing things. + +-Tony + +Linux subsystem maintenance using GIT +------------------------------------- + +My requirements here are to be able to create two public trees: + +1) A "test" tree into which patches are initially placed so that they +can get some exposure when integrated with other ongoing development. +This tree is available to Andrew for pulling into -mm whenever he wants. + +2) A "release" tree into which tested patches are moved for final +sanity checking, and as a vehicle to send them upstream to Linus +(by sending him a "please pull" request.) + +Note that the period of time that each patch spends in the "test" tree +is dependent on the complexity of the change. Since GIT does not support +cherry picking, it is not practical to simply apply all patches to the +test tree and then pull to the release tree as that would leave trivial +patches blocked in the test tree waiting for complex changes to accumulate +enough test time to graduate. + +Back in the BitKeeper days I achieved this my creating small forests of +temporary trees, one tree for each logical grouping of patches, and then +pulling changes from these trees first to the test tree, and then to the +release tree. At first I replicated this in GIT, but then I realised +that I could so this far more efficiently using branches inside a single +GIT repository. + +So here is the step-by-step guide how this all works for me. + +First create your work tree by cloning Linus's public tree: + + $ git clone rsync://rsync.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work + +Change directory into the cloned tree you just created + + $ cd work + +Make a GIT branch named "linus", and rename the "origin" branch as linus too: + + $ git checkout -b linus + $ mv .git/branches/origin .git/branches/linus + +The "linus" branch will be used to track the upstream kernel. To update it, +you simply run: + + $ git checkout linus && git pull linus + +you can do this frequently (as long as you don't have any uncommited work +in your tree). + +If you need to keep track of other public trees, you can add branches for +them too: + + $ git checkout -b another linus + $ echo URL-for-another-public-tree > .git/branches/another + +Now create the branches in which you are going to work, these start +out at the current tip of the linus branch. + + $ git checkout -b test linus + $ git checkout -b release linus + +These can be easily kept up to date by merging from the "linus" branch: + + $ git checkout test && git resolve test linus "Auto-update from upstream" + $ git checkout release && git resolve release linus "Auto-update from upstream" + +Set up so that you can push upstream to your public tree: + + $ echo master.kernel.org:/ftp/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git > .git/branches/origin + +and then push each of the test and release branches using: + + $ git push origin test +and + $ git push origin release + +Now to apply some patches from the community. Think of a short +snappy name for a branch to hold this patch (or related group of +patches), and create a new branch from the current tip of the +linus branch: + + $ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks linus + +Now you apply the patch(es), run some tests, and commit the change(s). If +the patch is a multi-part series, then you should apply each as a separate +commit to this branch. + + $ ... patch ... test ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]* + +When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the +"test" branch in preparation to make it public: + + $ git checkout test && git resolve test speed-up-spinlocks "Pull speed-up-spinlock changes" + +It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you +spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream. + +Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the +same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream. This is where you +see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch. It +means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order. + + $ git checkout release && git resolve release speed-up-spinlocks "Pull speed-up-spinlock changes" + +After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the +well chosen names you picked for each of them, you may forget what +they are for, or what status they are in. To get a reminder of what +changes are in a specific branch, use: + + $ git-whatchanged branchname ^linus | git-shortlog + +To see whether it has already been merged into the test or release branches +use: + + $ git-rev-list branchname ^test +or + $ git-rev-list branchname ^release + +[If this branch has not yet been merged you will see a set of SHA1 values +for the commits, if it has been merged, then there will be no output] + +Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release, then +pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local "linus" branch) +the branch for this change is no longer needed. You detect this when the +output from: + + $ git-rev-list branchname ^linus + +is empty. At this point the branch can be deleted: + + $ rm .git/refs/heads/branchname + +To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please +pull" request to Linus you can use: + + $ git-whatchanged -p release ^linus | diffstat -p1 +and + $ git-whatchanged release ^linus | git-shortlog + |