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diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..03c52ff526 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +gitrepository-layout(5) +======================= + +NAME +---- +gitrepository-layout - Git Repository Layout + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +$GIT_DIR/* + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +You may find these things in your git repository (`.git` +directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or +`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is +also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain +ascii file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the +real git repository). + +objects:: + Object store associated with this repository. Usually + an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects + that are referred to by an object found in it are also + found in it), but there are couple of ways to violate + it. ++ +. You could populate the repository by running a commit walker +without `-a` option. Depending on which options are given, you +could have only commit objects without associated blobs and +trees this way, for example. A repository with this kind of +incomplete object store is not suitable to be published to the +outside world but sometimes useful for private repository. +. You also could have an incomplete but locally usable repository +by cloning shallowly. See linkgit:git-clone[1]. +. You can be using `objects/info/alternates` mechanism, or +`$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` mechanism to 'borrow' +objects from other object stores. A repository with this kind +of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for +use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as +`objects/info/alternates` points at the right object stores +it borrows from. + +objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]:: + Traditionally, each object is stored in its own file. + They are split into 256 subdirectories using the first + two letters from its object name to keep the number of + directory entries `objects` directory itself needs to + hold. Objects found here are often called 'unpacked' + (or 'loose') objects. + +objects/pack:: + Packs (files that store many object in compressed form, + along with index files to allow them to be randomly + accessed) are found in this directory. + +objects/info:: + Additional information about the object store is + recorded in this directory. + +objects/info/packs:: + This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs + are available in this object store. Whenever a pack is + added or removed, `git update-server-info` should be run + to keep this file up-to-date if the repository is + published for dumb transports. `git repack` does this + by default. + +objects/info/alternates:: + This file records paths to alternate object stores that + this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per + line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally, + but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this + will usually work if you have relative paths (relative + to the object database, not to the repository!) in your + alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute + paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL + is the same. See also 'objects/info/http-alternates'. + +objects/info/http-alternates:: + This file records URLs to alternate object stores that + this object store borrows objects from, to be used when + the repository is fetched over HTTP. + +refs:: + References are stored in subdirectories of this + directory. The `git prune` command knows to keep + objects reachable from refs found in this directory and + its subdirectories. + +refs/heads/`name`:: + records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name` + +refs/tags/`name`:: + records any object name (not necessarily a commit + object, or a tag object that points at a commit object). + +refs/remotes/`name`:: + records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied + from a remote repository. + +packed-refs:: + records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/, + and friends record in a more efficient way. See + linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]. + +HEAD:: + A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace + describing the currently active branch. It does not mean + much if the repository is not associated with any working tree + (i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository + *must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to + guess the designated "default" branch of the repository + (usually 'master'). It is legal if the named branch + 'name' does not (yet) exist. In some legacy setups, it is + a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current + branch. ++ +HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of +being a symref to point at the current branch. Such a state +is often called 'detached HEAD', and almost all commands work +identically as normal. See linkgit:git-checkout[1] for +details. + +branches:: + A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used + to specify URL to `git fetch`, `git pull` and `git push` + commands is to store a file in `branches/<name>` and + give 'name' to these commands in place of 'repository' + argument. + +hooks:: + Hooks are customization scripts used by various git + commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when + `git init` is run, but all of them are disabled by + default. To enable, they need to be made executable. + Read linkgit:githooks[5][hooks] for more details about + each hook. + +index:: + The current index file for the repository. It is + usually not found in a bare repository. + +info:: + Additional information about the repository is recorded + in this directory. + +info/refs:: + This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are + available in this repository. If the repository is + published for dumb transports, this file should be + regenerated by `git update-server-info` every time a tag + or branch is created or modified. This is normally done + from the `hooks/update` hook, which is run by the + `git-receive-pack` command when you `git push` into the + repository. + +info/grafts:: + This file records fake commit ancestry information, to + pretend the set of parents a commit has is different + from how the commit was actually created. One record + per line describes a commit and its fake parents by + listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated + by a space and terminated by a newline. + +info/exclude:: + This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the + exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory + ignore file. `git status`, `git add`, `git rm` and `git + clean` look at it but the core git commands do not look + at it. See also: linkgit:gitignore[5]. + +remotes:: + Stores shorthands to be used to give URL and default + refnames to interact with remote repository to `git + fetch`, `git pull` and `git push` commands. + +logs:: + Records of changes made to refs are stored in this + directory. See the documentation on git-update-ref + for more information. + +logs/refs/heads/`name`:: + Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`. + +logs/refs/tags/`name`:: + Records all changes made to the tag named `name`. + +shallow:: + This is similar to `info/grafts` but is internally used + and maintained by shallow clone mechanism. See `--depth` + option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1]. + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-init[1], +linkgit:git-clone[1], +linkgit:git-fetch[1], +linkgit:git-pack-refs[1], +linkgit:git-gc[1], +linkgit:git-checkout[1], +linkgit:gitglossary[7], +link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite. |