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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/gitignore.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/gitignore.txt | 77 |
1 files changed, 68 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt index f971960512..91d1ce2a89 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore SYNOPSIS -------- -$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore +$HOME/.config/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome): * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`. * Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration - variable 'core.excludesfile'. + variable 'core.excludesFile'. Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to be used. @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ be used. * Patterns which a user wants Git to ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by - `core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is + `core.excludesFile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead. @@ -77,12 +77,17 @@ PATTERN FORMAT Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns that begin with a hash. + - Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash + ("`\`"). + - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become - included again. If a negated pattern matches, this will - override lower precedence patterns sources. + included again. Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`". + It is possible to re-include a file if a parent directory of that + file is excluded if certain conditions are met. See section NOTES + for detail. - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the purpose of the following description, but it would only find @@ -133,12 +138,54 @@ NOTES The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files not tracked by Git remain untracked. -To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked, -use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'. - To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use 'git rm --cached'. +To re-include files or directories when their parent directory is +excluded, the following conditions must be met: + + - The rules to exclude a directory and re-include a subset back must + be in the same .gitignore file. + + - The directory part in the re-include rules must be literal (i.e. no + wildcards and has to start with a `/`). + +A re-inclusion of a directory makes all files in the directory +unignored. For example, suppose you have files `.gitignore`, +`dir/file1`, `dir/file2`, and `dir/file3`, and have the following in +your `.gitignore`: + +---------------- +# .gitignore is not mentioned in .gitignore +* +!/dir +# dir/file1 is not mentioned in .gitignore +dir/file2 +!dir/file3 +---------------- + +Then: + + - `.gitignore` gets ignored, because it matches the `*` at the top + level; + + - `dir/file1` does not get ignored, because `/dir` marks everything + underneath `dir/` directory to be 're-included' unless otherwise + specified; + + - `dir/file2` gets ignored, because `dir/file2` matches it. + + - `dir/file3` does not get ignored, because `!dir/file3` matches it. + Note that the entry `!dir/file3` is redundant because everything + underneath `dir/` is marked to be 're-included' already. + +Some earlier versions of Git treated `!/dir` above differently in +that it did not cause the paths under it unignored (but merely told +Git that patterns that begin with dir/ should not be ignored), but +this has been corrected to be consistent with `/dir` that says "the +directory `dir/` and everything below are ignored." + + EXAMPLES -------- @@ -182,10 +229,22 @@ Another example: The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`. +Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar` +(note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude +everything within `foo/bar`): + +-------------------------------------------------------------- + $ cat .gitignore + # exclude everything except directory foo/bar + /* + !/foo + /foo/* + !/foo/bar +-------------------------------------------------------------- + SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-rm[1], -linkgit:git-update-index[1], linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5], linkgit:git-check-ignore[1] |