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diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff5d7f9ed6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt @@ -0,0 +1,207 @@ +gitignore(5) +============ + +NAME +---- +gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +$HOME/.config/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that +Git should ignore. +Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES +below for details. + +Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern. +When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks +`gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following +order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of +precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome): + + * Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support + them. + + * Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory + as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the + higher level files (up to the toplevel of the work tree) being overridden + by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file. + These patterns match relative to the location of the + `.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such + `.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for + files generated as part of the project build. + + * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`. + + * Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration + variable `core.excludesFile`. + +Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to +be used. + + * Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to + other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want + to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. + + * Patterns which are + specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared + with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside + the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into + the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file. + + * Patterns which a user wants Git to + ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by + the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by + `core.excludesFile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is + $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or + empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead. + +The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as +'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read +`gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from +files specified by command-line options. Higher-level Git +tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add', +use patterns from the sources specified above. + +PATTERN FORMAT +-------------- + + - A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator + for readability. + + - A line starting with # serves as a comment. + Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns + that begin with a hash. + + - Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash + ("`\`"). + + - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any + matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become + included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent + directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded + directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained + files have no effect, no matter where they are defined. + Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns + that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`". + + - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the + purpose of the following description, but it would only find + a match with a directory. In other words, `foo/` will match a + directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a + regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent + with the way how pathspec works in general in Git). + + - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as + a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the + pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file + (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a + `.gitignore` file). + + - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob: "`*`" matches + anything except "`/`", "`?`" matches any one character except "`/`" + and "`[]`" matches one character in a selected range. See + fnmatch(3) and the FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed + description. + + - A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname. + For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not + "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c". + +Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against +full pathname may have special meaning: + + - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all + directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory + "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`" + matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly + under directory "`foo`". + + - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example, + "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative + to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth. + + - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash + matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`" + matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on. + + - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid. + +NOTES +----- + +The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files +not tracked by Git remain untracked. + +To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use +'git rm --cached'. + +EXAMPLES +-------- + +-------------------------------------------------------------- + $ git status + [...] + # Untracked files: + [...] + # Documentation/foo.html + # Documentation/gitignore.html + # file.o + # lib.a + # src/internal.o + [...] + $ cat .git/info/exclude + # ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree. + *.[oa] + $ cat Documentation/.gitignore + # ignore generated html files, + *.html + # except foo.html which is maintained by hand + !foo.html + $ git status + [...] + # Untracked files: + [...] + # Documentation/foo.html + [...] +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Another example: + +-------------------------------------------------------------- + $ cat .gitignore + vmlinux* + $ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm* + arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S + $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring +`arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`. + +Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar` +(note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude +everything within `foo/bar`): + +-------------------------------------------------------------- + $ cat .gitignore + # exclude everything except directory foo/bar + /* + !/foo + /foo/* + !/foo/bar +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-rm[1], +linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5], +linkgit:git-check-ignore[1] + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |