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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/gitattributes.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/gitattributes.txt | 117 |
1 files changed, 109 insertions, 8 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt index 1094fe2b5b..2d0a03715b 100644 --- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitattributes(5) NAME ---- -gitattributes - defining attributes per path +gitattributes - Defining attributes per path SYNOPSIS -------- @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ A `gitattributes` file is a simple text file that gives Each line in `gitattributes` file is of form: - pattern attr1 attr2 ... + pattern attr1 attr2 ... That is, a pattern followed by an attributes list, separated by whitespaces. Leading and trailing whitespaces are @@ -112,7 +112,8 @@ Checking-out and checking-in These attributes affect how the contents stored in the repository are copied to the working tree files when commands -such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run. They also affect how +such as 'git switch', 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run. +They also affect how Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'. @@ -124,7 +125,9 @@ text file is normalized, its line endings are converted to LF in the repository. To control what line ending style is used in the working directory, use the `eol` attribute for a single file and the `core.eol` configuration variable for all text files. -Note that `core.autocrlf` overrides `core.eol` +Note that setting `core.autocrlf` to `true` or `input` overrides +`core.eol` (see the definitions of those options in +linkgit:git-config[1]). Set:: @@ -279,6 +282,96 @@ few exceptions. Even though... catch potential problems early, safety triggers. +`working-tree-encoding` +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Git recognizes files encoded in ASCII or one of its supersets (e.g. +UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ...) as text files. Files encoded in certain other +encodings (e.g. UTF-16) are interpreted as binary and consequently +built-in Git text processing tools (e.g. 'git diff') as well as most Git +web front ends do not visualize the contents of these files by default. + +In these cases you can tell Git the encoding of a file in the working +directory with the `working-tree-encoding` attribute. If a file with this +attribute is added to Git, then Git re-encodes the content from the +specified encoding to UTF-8. Finally, Git stores the UTF-8 encoded +content in its internal data structure (called "the index"). On checkout +the content is re-encoded back to the specified encoding. + +Please note that using the `working-tree-encoding` attribute may have a +number of pitfalls: + +- Alternative Git implementations (e.g. JGit or libgit2) and older Git + versions (as of March 2018) do not support the `working-tree-encoding` + attribute. If you decide to use the `working-tree-encoding` attribute + in your repository, then it is strongly recommended to ensure that all + clients working with the repository support it. ++ +For example, Microsoft Visual Studio resources files (`*.rc`) or +PowerShell script files (`*.ps1`) are sometimes encoded in UTF-16. +If you declare `*.ps1` as files as UTF-16 and you add `foo.ps1` with +a `working-tree-encoding` enabled Git client, then `foo.ps1` will be +stored as UTF-8 internally. A client without `working-tree-encoding` +support will checkout `foo.ps1` as UTF-8 encoded file. This will +typically cause trouble for the users of this file. ++ +If a Git client that does not support the `working-tree-encoding` +attribute adds a new file `bar.ps1`, then `bar.ps1` will be +stored "as-is" internally (in this example probably as UTF-16). +A client with `working-tree-encoding` support will interpret the +internal contents as UTF-8 and try to convert it to UTF-16 on checkout. +That operation will fail and cause an error. + +- Reencoding content to non-UTF encodings can cause errors as the + conversion might not be UTF-8 round trip safe. If you suspect your + encoding to not be round trip safe, then add it to + `core.checkRoundtripEncoding` to make Git check the round trip + encoding (see linkgit:git-config[1]). SHIFT-JIS (Japanese character + set) is known to have round trip issues with UTF-8 and is checked by + default. + +- Reencoding content requires resources that might slow down certain + Git operations (e.g 'git checkout' or 'git add'). + +Use the `working-tree-encoding` attribute only if you cannot store a file +in UTF-8 encoding and if you want Git to be able to process the content +as text. + +As an example, use the following attributes if your '*.ps1' files are +UTF-16 encoded with byte order mark (BOM) and you want Git to perform +automatic line ending conversion based on your platform. + +------------------------ +*.ps1 text working-tree-encoding=UTF-16 +------------------------ + +Use the following attributes if your '*.ps1' files are UTF-16 little +endian encoded without BOM and you want Git to use Windows line endings +in the working directory (use `UTF-16LE-BOM` instead of `UTF-16LE` if +you want UTF-16 little endian with BOM). +Please note, it is highly recommended to +explicitly define the line endings with `eol` if the `working-tree-encoding` +attribute is used to avoid ambiguity. + +------------------------ +*.ps1 text working-tree-encoding=UTF-16LE eol=CRLF +------------------------ + +You can get a list of all available encodings on your platform with the +following command: + +------------------------ +iconv --list +------------------------ + +If you do not know the encoding of a file, then you can use the `file` +command to guess the encoding: + +------------------------ +file foo.ps1 +------------------------ + + `ident` ^^^^^^^ @@ -405,7 +498,7 @@ command. This is achieved by using the long-running process protocol When Git encounters the first file that needs to be cleaned or smudged, it starts the filter and performs the handshake. In the handshake, the welcome message sent by Git is "git-filter-client", only version 2 is -suppported, and the supported capabilities are "clean", "smudge", and +supported, and the supported capabilities are "clean", "smudge", and "delay". Afterwards Git sends a list of "key=value" pairs terminated with @@ -717,6 +810,10 @@ patterns are available: - `css` suitable for cascading style sheets. +- `dts` suitable for devicetree (DTS) files. + +- `elixir` suitable for source code in the Elixir language. + - `fortran` suitable for source code in the Fortran language. - `fountain` suitable for Fountain documents. @@ -727,7 +824,9 @@ patterns are available: - `java` suitable for source code in the Java language. -- `matlab` suitable for source code in the MATLAB language. +- `markdown` suitable for Markdown documents. + +- `matlab` suitable for source code in the MATLAB and Octave languages. - `objc` suitable for source code in the Objective-C language. @@ -741,6 +840,8 @@ patterns are available: - `ruby` suitable for source code in the Ruby language. +- `rust` suitable for source code in the Rust language. + - `tex` suitable for source code for LaTeX documents. @@ -1141,8 +1242,8 @@ to: ------------ -EXAMPLE -------- +EXAMPLES +-------- If you have these three `gitattributes` file: |