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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/git.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git.txt | 1082 |
1 files changed, 872 insertions, 210 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt index cd527c6252..ecc1bb4bd7 100644 --- a/Documentation/git.txt +++ b/Documentation/git.txt @@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ git - the stupid content tracker SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] -'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] - [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] - [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE] - [--help] COMMAND [ARGS] +'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>] + [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path] + [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] + [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>] + [--super-prefix=<path>] + <command> [<args>] DESCRIPTION ----------- @@ -21,123 +23,503 @@ unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see -link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and -"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may -also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See -the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth -introduction. +linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of +commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more +in-depth introduction. -The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias -as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]). +After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this +page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about +individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7] +manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax. -Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git -documentation can be viewed at -`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`. +A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation +can be viewed at `https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html`. ifdef::stalenotes[] [NOTE] ============ You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly -unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master' +unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master' branch of the `git.git` repository. Documentation for older releases are available here: -* link:v1.6.1.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.1] +* link:v2.12.2/git.html[documentation for release 2.12.2] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1], - link:RelNotes-1.6.1.txt[1.6.1]. + link:RelNotes/2.12.2.txt[2.12.2]. + link:RelNotes/2.12.1.txt[2.12.1]. + link:RelNotes/2.12.0.txt[2.12]. + +* link:v2.11.1/git.html[documentation for release 2.11.1] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.11.1.txt[2.11.1], + link:RelNotes/2.11.0.txt[2.11]. + +* link:v2.10.2/git.html[documentation for release 2.10.2] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.10.2.txt[2.10.2], + link:RelNotes/2.10.1.txt[2.10.1], + link:RelNotes/2.10.0.txt[2.10]. + +* link:v2.9.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.9.3] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.9.3.txt[2.9.3], + link:RelNotes/2.9.2.txt[2.9.2], + link:RelNotes/2.9.1.txt[2.9.1], + link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9]. + +* link:v2.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.8.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.8.4.txt[2.8.4], + link:RelNotes/2.8.3.txt[2.8.3], + link:RelNotes/2.8.2.txt[2.8.2], + link:RelNotes/2.8.1.txt[2.8.1], + link:RelNotes/2.8.0.txt[2.8]. + +* link:v2.7.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.3] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3], + link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2], + link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1], + link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7]. + +* link:v2.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.6] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.6.6.txt[2.6.6], + link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5], + link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4], + link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3], + link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2], + link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1], + link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6]. + +* link:v2.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.5.5.txt[2.5.5], + link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4], + link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3], + link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2], + link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1], + link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5]. + +* link:v2.4.11/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.11] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.4.11.txt[2.4.11], + link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10], + link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9], + link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8], + link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7], + link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6], + link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5], + link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4], + link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3], + link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2], + link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1], + link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4]. + +* link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10], + link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9], + link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8], + link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7], + link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6], + link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5], + link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4], + link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3], + link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2], + link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1], + link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3]. + +* link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3], + link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2], + link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1], + link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2]. + +* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4], + link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3], + link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2], + link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1], + link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1]. + +* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5], + link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4], + link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3], + link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2], + link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1], + link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0]. + +* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5], + link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4], + link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3], + link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2], + link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1], + link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0]. + +* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6], + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5], + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4], + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5]. + +* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4]. + +* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3]. + +* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2]. + +* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6], + link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5], + link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4], + link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1]. + +* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3], + link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2], + link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1], + link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0]. + +* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4], + link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3], + 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link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5], + link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4], + link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3], + link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2], + link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1], + link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4]. + +* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4], + link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3], + link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2], + link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1], + link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3]. + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5], + link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4], + link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3], + link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2], + link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1], + link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2]. + +* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3] + +* release notes for + link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3], + link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2], + link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1], + link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1]. * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6], - link:RelNotes-1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5], - link:RelNotes-1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4], - link:RelNotes-1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3], - link:RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2], - link:RelNotes-1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1], - link:RelNotes-1.6.0.txt[1.6.0]. + link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6], + link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5], + link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4], + link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3], + link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2], + link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1], + link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0]. * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6], - link:RelNotes-1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5], - link:RelNotes-1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4], - link:RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3], - link:RelNotes-1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2], - link:RelNotes-1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1], - link:RelNotes-1.5.6.txt[1.5.6]. + link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6], + link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5], + link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4], + link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3], + link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2], + link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1], + link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6]. * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6], - link:RelNotes-1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5], - link:RelNotes-1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4], - link:RelNotes-1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3], - link:RelNotes-1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2], - link:RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1], - link:RelNotes-1.5.5.txt[1.5.5]. + link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6], + link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5], + link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4], + link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3], + link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2], + link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1], + link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5]. * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7], - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6], - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5], - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4], - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3], - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2], - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1], - link:RelNotes-1.5.4.txt[1.5.4]. + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7], + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6], + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5], + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4], + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3], + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2], + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1], + link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4]. * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1], - link:RelNotes-1.5.3.txt[1.5.3]. + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1], + link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3]. * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5], - link:RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4], - link:RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3], - link:RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2], - link:RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1], - link:RelNotes-1.5.2.txt[1.5.2]. + link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5], + link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4], + link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3], + link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2], + link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1], + link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2]. * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6], - link:RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5], - link:RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4], - link:RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3], - link:RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2], - link:RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1], - link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[1.5.1]. + link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6], + link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5], + link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4], + link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3], + link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2], + link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1], + link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1]. * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7] * release notes for - link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7], - link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6], - link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5], - link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3], - link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2], - link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1], - link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[1.5.0]. + link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7], + link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6], + link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5], + link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3], + link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2], + link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1], + link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0]. * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4], link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3], @@ -151,12 +533,12 @@ endif::stalenotes[] OPTIONS ------- --version:: - Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from. + Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from. --help:: Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used - commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all - available commands are printed. If a git command is named this + commands. If the option `--all` or `-a` is given then all + available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this option will bring up the manual page for that command. + Other options are available to control how the manual page is @@ -164,63 +546,116 @@ displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information, because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git help ...`. ---exec-path:: - Path to wherever your core git programs are installed. +-C <path>:: + Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working + directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent + non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C + <path>`. ++ +This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and +`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be +made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For +example the following invocations are equivalent: + + git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status + git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status + +-c <name>=<value>:: + Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value + given will override values from configuration files. + The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by + 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots). ++ +Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets +`foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a +config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c +foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string. + +--exec-path[=<path>]:: + Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print the current setting and then exit. +--html-path:: + Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML + documentation is installed and exit. + +--man-path:: + Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for + this version of Git and exit. + +--info-path:: + Print the path where the Info files documenting this + version of Git are installed and exit. + -p:: --paginate:: - Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER). + Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard + output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>` + configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section + below). --no-pager:: - Do not pipe git output into a pager. + Do not pipe Git output into a pager. --git-dir=<path>:: Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by - setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute + setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to current working directory. --work-tree=<path>:: - Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be - used in combination with repositories found automatically in - a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set). + Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path + or a path relative to the current working directory. This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE environment variable and the core.worktree configuration - variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to - the directory specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR. - Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of - --work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified, - the current working directory is regarded as the top directory - of your working tree. + variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a + more detailed discussion). + +--namespace=<path>:: + Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more + details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment + variable. + +--super-prefix=<path>:: + Currently for internal use only. Set a prefix which gives a path from + above a repository down to its root. One use is to give submodules + context about the superproject that invoked it. --bare:: Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR environment is not set, it is set to the current working directory. +--no-replace-objects:: + Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See + linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information. -FURTHER DOCUMENTATION ---------------------- - -See the references above to get started using git. The following is -probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user. +--literal-pathspecs:: + Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic). + This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment + variable to `1`. -The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the -user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide -introductions to the underlying git architecture. +--glob-pathspecs:: + Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting + the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling + globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec + magic ":(literal)" -See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful -examples. +--noglob-pathspecs:: + Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting + the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling + globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec + magic ":(glob)" -The internals are documented in the -link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation]. +--icase-pathspecs:: + Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting + the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. GIT COMMANDS ------------ -We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level +We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level ("plumbing") commands. High-level commands (porcelain) @@ -257,7 +692,7 @@ include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[] Low-level commands (plumbing) ----------------------------- -Although git includes its +Although Git includes its own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and @@ -297,7 +732,7 @@ Synching repositories include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[] -The following are helper programs used by the above; end users +The following are helper commands used by the above; end users typically do not use them directly. include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[] @@ -315,10 +750,9 @@ include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[] Configuration Mechanism ----------------------- -Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file -is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a -simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some -people. Here is an example: +Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per +repository and are per user. Such a configuration file may look +like this: ------------ # @@ -333,12 +767,13 @@ people. Here is an example: ; user identity [user] name = "Junio C Hamano" - email = "junkio@twinsun.com" + email = "gitster@pobox.com" ------------ Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust -their operation accordingly. +their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a +list and more details about the configuration mechanism. Identifier Terminology @@ -377,23 +812,22 @@ Identifier Terminology Symbolic Identifiers -------------------- -Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following +Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following symbolic notation: HEAD:: - indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the - contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`). + indicates the head of the current branch. <tag>:: a valid tag 'name' - (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`). + (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference). <head>:: a valid head 'name' - (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`). + (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference). For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see -"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1]. +"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. File/Directory Structure @@ -414,76 +848,117 @@ Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7]. Environment Variables --------------------- -Various git commands use the following environment variables: +Various Git commands use the following environment variables: -The git Repository +The Git Repository ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it +These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above -git so take care if using Cogito etc. +Git so take care if using a foreign front-end. -'GIT_INDEX_FILE':: +`GIT_INDEX_FILE`:: This environment allows the specification of an alternate index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index` is used. -'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY':: +`GIT_INDEX_VERSION`:: + This environment variable allows the specification of an index + version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index + files. By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See + linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information. + +`GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`:: If the object storage directory is specified via this environment variable then the sha1 directories are created underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory is used. -'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES':: - Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be +`GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`:: + Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list - of git object directories which can be used to search for git + of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git objects. New objects will not be written to these directories. - -'GIT_DIR':: - If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it ++ + Entries that begin with `"` (double-quote) will be interpreted + as C-style quoted paths, removing leading and trailing + double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value + `"path-with-\"-and-:-in-it":vanilla-path` has two paths: + `path-with-"-and-:-in-it` and `vanilla-path`. + +`GIT_DIR`:: + If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git` for the base of the repository. + The `--git-dir` command-line option also sets this value. -'GIT_WORK_TREE':: - Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be - used in combination with repositories found automatically in - a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set). - This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line +`GIT_WORK_TREE`:: + Set the path to the root of the working tree. + This can also be controlled by the `--work-tree` command-line option and the core.worktree configuration variable. -'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES':: - This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. - If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir - up into while looking for a repository directory. - It will not exclude the current working directory or - a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment. - (Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.) - -git Commits +`GIT_NAMESPACE`:: + Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details. + The `--namespace` command-line option also sets this value. + +`GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`:: + This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If + set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up + into while looking for a repository directory (useful for + excluding slow-loading network directories). It will not + exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the + command line or in the environment. Normally, Git has to read + the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that + might be present in order to compare them with the current + directory. However, if even this access is slow, you + can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the + subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved; + e.g., + `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`. + +`GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`:: + When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository + directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent + directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it + does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable + can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem + boundaries. Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect + an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the + command line. + +`GIT_COMMON_DIR`:: + If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are + normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path + instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are + taken from $GIT_DIR. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] and + linkgit:git-worktree[1] for + details. This variable has lower precedence than other path + variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY... + +Git Commits ~~~~~~~~~~~ -'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME':: -'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL':: -'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE':: -'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME':: -'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL':: -'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE':: +`GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`:: +`GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`:: +`GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`:: +`GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`:: +`GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`:: +`GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`:: 'EMAIL':: see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] -git Diffs +Git Diffs ~~~~~~~~~ -'GIT_DIFF_OPTS':: +`GIT_DIFF_OPTS`:: Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created. This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option - value passed on the git diff command line. + value passed on the Git diff command line. -'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF':: - When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the +`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`:: + When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified, - 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters: + `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters: path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode + @@ -491,80 +966,238 @@ where: <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the contents of <old|new>, - <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes, + <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes, <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes. - + The file parameters can point at the user's working file (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file` when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the -index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the -temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits. +index). `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the +temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits. + -For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1 +For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1 parameter, <path>. ++ +For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables, +`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set. + +`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`:: + A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path. + +`GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`:: + The total number of paths. other ~~~~~ -'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY':: +`GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`:: A number controlling the amount of output shown by the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity. See linkgit:git-merge[1] -'GIT_PAGER':: +`GIT_PAGER`:: This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set - to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch + to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in linkgit:git-config[1]. -'GIT_SSH':: - If this environment variable is set then 'git-fetch' - and 'git-push' will use this command instead - of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system. - The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments: - the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the - shell command to execute on that remote system. +`GIT_EDITOR`:: + This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`. + It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode, + an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1] + and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1]. + +`GIT_SSH`:: +`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`:: + If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch' + and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh' + when they need to connect to a remote system. + The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the + 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell + command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by + `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies + something other than the default SSH port. + -To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH -you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script, -then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script. +`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted +by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included. +`$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program +(which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are +needed). + Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation for further details. -'GIT_FLUSH':: +`GIT_SSH_VARIANT`:: + If this environment variable is set, it overrides Git's autodetection + whether `GIT_SSH`/`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`/`core.sshCommand` refer to OpenSSH, + plink or tortoiseplink. This variable overrides the config setting + `ssh.variant` that serves the same purpose. + +`GIT_ASKPASS`:: + If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to + acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication) + will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument + and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass` + option in linkgit:git-config[1]. + +`GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`:: + If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt + on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication). + +`GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`:: + Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide + `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can + be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a + predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it + temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while + waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it. + +`GIT_FLUSH`:: If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such - as 'git-blame' (in incremental mode), 'git-rev-list', 'git-log', - and 'git-whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream - after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this + as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log', + 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will + force a flush of the output stream after each record have been + flushed. If this variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is - not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing + not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not. -'GIT_TRACE':: - If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison - is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on - stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command - execution and external command execution. - If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1 - and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this - value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the - trace messages into this file descriptor. - Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path - (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this - as a file path and will try to write the trace messages - into it. +`GIT_TRACE`:: + Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in + command execution and external command execution. ++ +If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison +is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to +stderr. ++ +If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2 +and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this +value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the +trace messages into this file descriptor. ++ +Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path +(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this +as a file path and will try to write the trace messages +into it. ++ +Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or +"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages. + +`GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`:: + Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each + access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is + recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some + pack-related performance problems. + See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options. + +`GIT_TRACE_PACKET`:: + Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a + given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation + or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet + starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below). + See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options. + +`GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`:: + Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a + given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is + verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost + certainly want to direct into a file (e.g., + `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack`) rather than displaying it on + the terminal or mixing it with other trace output. ++ +Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side +of clones and fetches. + +`GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`:: + Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution + time of each Git command. + See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options. + +`GIT_TRACE_SETUP`:: + Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current + working directory after Git has completed its setup phase. + See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options. + +`GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`:: + Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching / + cloning of shallow repositories. + See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options. + +`GIT_TRACE_CURL`:: + Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data, + including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol. + This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line. + This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment + variable. + See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options. + +`GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`:: + Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all + pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example, + running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search + for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the + glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding + literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by + `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc). + +`GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`:: + Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all + pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic). + +`GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`:: + Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all + pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic). + +`GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`:: + Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all + pathspecs as case-insensitive. + +`GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`:: + When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep + track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is + typically the name of the high-level command that updated + the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref. + A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action + helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this + variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the + end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog. + +`GIT_REF_PARANOIA`:: + If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating + over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this + does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and + abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets + this variable automatically when performing destructive + operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set + it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure + an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are + cloning a repository to make a backup). + +`GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`:: + If set to a colon-separated list of protocols, behave as if + `protocol.allow` is set to `never`, and each of the listed + protocols has `protocol.<name>.allow` set to `always` + (overriding any existing configuration). In other words, any + protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e., this is a + whitelist, not a blacklist). See the description of + `protocol.allow` in linkgit:git-config[1] for more details. + +`GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER`:: + Set to 0 to prevent protocols used by fetch/push/clone which are + configured to the `user` state. This is useful to restrict recursive + submodule initialization from an untrusted repository or for programs + which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands. See + linkgit:git-config[1] for more details. Discussion[[Discussion]] ------------------------ More detail on the following is available from the -link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the +link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7]. -A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git" +A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git" subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other things, a compressed object database representing the complete history of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current @@ -581,7 +1214,7 @@ The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one parent represent merges of independent lines of development. -All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally +All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique. The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this @@ -591,9 +1224,9 @@ When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files". Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref -may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs -with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most -recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of +may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs +with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most +recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch. @@ -610,25 +1243,54 @@ The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages") for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress. +FURTHER DOCUMENTATION +--------------------- + +See the references in the "description" section to get started +using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary +for a first-time user. + +The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the +user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide +introductions to the underlying Git architecture. + +See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows. + +See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful +examples. + +The internals are documented in the +link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation]. + +Users migrating from CVS may also want to +read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. + + Authors ------- -* git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>. -* The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>. -* The git potty was written by Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>. -* General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. +Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio +C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list +<git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary +gives you a more complete list of contributors. -Documentation +If you have a clone of git.git itself, the +output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you +the authors for specific parts of the project. + +Reporting Bugs -------------- -The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves -<david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the -contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. + +Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the +development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be +subscribed to the list to send a message there. SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7], -link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7], +linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7], linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7], -linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual] +linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual], +linkgit:gitworkflows[7] GIT --- |