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diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e1a1d46a9f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -0,0 +1,576 @@ +git-svn(1) +========== + +NAME +---- +git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +'git-svn' <command> [options] [arguments] + +DESCRIPTION +----------- +git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git. +It is not to be confused with linkgit:git-svnimport[1], which is +read-only. + +git-svn was originally designed for an individual developer who wants a +bidirectional flow of changesets between a single branch in Subversion +and an arbitrary number of branches in git. Since its inception, +git-svn has gained the ability to track multiple branches in a manner +similar to git-svnimport. + +git-svn is especially useful when it comes to tracking repositories +not organized in the way Subversion developers recommend (trunk, +branches, tags directories). + +COMMANDS +-------- +-- + +'init':: + Initializes an empty git repository with additional + metadata directories for git-svn. The Subversion URL + may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full + URL arguments to -T/-t/-b. Optionally, the target + directory to operate on can be specified as a second + argument. Normally this command initializes the current + directory. + +-T<trunk_subdir>;; +--trunk=<trunk_subdir>;; +-t<tags_subdir>;; +--tags=<tags_subdir>;; +-b<branches_subdir>;; +--branches=<branches_subdir>;; +-s;; +--stdlayout;; + These are optional command-line options for init. Each of + these flags can point to a relative repository path + (--tags=project/tags') or a full url + (--tags=https://foo.org/project/tags). The option --stdlayout is + a shorthand way of setting trunk,tags,branches as the relative paths, + which is the Subversion default. If any of the other options are given + as well, they take precedence. +--no-metadata;; + Set the 'noMetadata' option in the [svn-remote] config. +--use-svm-props;; + Set the 'useSvmProps' option in the [svn-remote] config. +--use-svnsync-props;; + Set the 'useSvnsyncProps' option in the [svn-remote] config. +--rewrite-root=<URL>;; + Set the 'rewriteRoot' option in the [svn-remote] config. +--username=<USER>;; + For transports that SVN handles authentication for (http, + https, and plain svn), specify the username. For other + transports (eg svn+ssh://), you must include the username in + the URL, eg svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project +--prefix=<prefix>;; + This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended + to the names of remotes if trunk/branches/tags are + specified. The prefix does not automatically include a + trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the + argument if that is what you want. If --branches/-b is + specified, the prefix must include a trailing slash. + Setting a prefix is useful if you wish to track multiple + projects that share a common repository. + +'fetch':: + Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are + tracking. The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the + .git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line + argument. + +'clone':: + Runs 'init' and 'fetch'. It will automatically create a + directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it; + or if a second argument is passed; it will create a directory + and work within that. It accepts all arguments that the + 'init' and 'fetch' commands accept; with the exception of + '--fetch-all'. After a repository is cloned, the 'fetch' + command will be able to update revisions without affecting + the working tree; and the 'rebase' command will be able + to update the working tree with the latest changes. + +'rebase':: + This fetches revisions from the SVN parent of the current HEAD + and rebases the current (uncommitted to SVN) work against it. + +This works similarly to 'svn update' or 'git-pull' except that +it preserves linear history with 'git-rebase' instead of +'git-merge' for ease of dcommiting with git-svn. + +This accepts all options that 'git-svn fetch' and 'git-rebase' +accepts. However '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current +[svn-remote], and not all [svn-remote] definitions. + +Like 'git-rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean +and have no uncommitted changes. + +-l;; +--local;; + Do not fetch remotely; only run 'git-rebase' against the + last fetched commit from the upstream SVN. + +'dcommit':: + Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN + repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or + not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create + a revision in SVN for each commit in git. + It is recommended that you run git-svn fetch and rebase (not + pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the + SVN repository. + An optional command-line argument may be specified as an + alternative to HEAD. + This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces + cleaner, more linear history. ++ +--no-rebase;; + After committing, do not rebase or reset. +-- + +'log':: + This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn + users refer to -r/--revision numbers. ++ +The following features from `svn log' are supported: ++ +-- +--revision=<n>[:<n>];; + is supported, non-numeric args are not: + HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ... +-v/--verbose;; + it's not completely compatible with the --verbose + output in svn log, but reasonably close. +--limit=<n>;; + is NOT the same as --max-count, doesn't count + merged/excluded commits +--incremental;; + supported +-- ++ +New features: ++ +-- +--show-commit;; + shows the git commit sha1, as well +--oneline;; + our version of --pretty=oneline +-- ++ +Any other arguments are passed directly to `git log' + +-- +'find-rev':: + When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the + corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a + tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched). When given a + tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number. + +'set-tree':: + You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command. + Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN. This relies on + your imported fetch data being up-to-date. This makes + absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it + simply overwrites files with those specified in the tree or + commit. All merging is assumed to have taken place + independently of git-svn functions. + +'show-ignore':: + Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on + directories. The output is suitable for appending to + the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file. + +'commit-diff':: + Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the + command-line. This command is intended for interoperability with + git-svnimport and does not rely on being inside an git-svn + init-ed repository. This command takes three arguments, (a) the + original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the + URL of the target Subversion repository. The final argument + (URL) may be omitted if you are working from a git-svn-aware + repository (that has been init-ed with git-svn). + The -r<revision> option is required for this. + +'info':: + Shows information about a file or directory similar to what + `svn info' provides. Does not currently support a -r/--revision + argument. Use the --url option to output only the value of the + 'URL:' field. + +-- + +OPTIONS +------- +-- + +--shared[={false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody}]:: +--template=<template_directory>:: + Only used with the 'init' command. + These are passed directly to linkgit:git-init[1]. + +-r <ARG>:: +--revision <ARG>:: + +Used with the 'fetch' command. + +This allows revision ranges for partial/cauterized history +to be supported. $NUMBER, $NUMBER1:$NUMBER2 (numeric ranges), +$NUMBER:HEAD, and BASE:$NUMBER are all supported. + +This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch; +but is generally not recommended because history will be skipped +and lost. + +-:: +--stdin:: + +Only used with the 'set-tree' command. + +Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse +order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so +git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used. + +--rmdir:: + +Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands. + +Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left +behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not +removed by default if there are no files left in them. git +cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make +the commit to SVN act like git. + +config key: svn.rmdir + +-e:: +--edit:: + +Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands. + +Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by +default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing +tree objects. + +config key: svn.edit + +-l<num>:: +--find-copies-harder:: + +Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands. + +They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see +linkgit:git-diff-tree[1] for more information. + +[verse] +config key: svn.l +config key: svn.findcopiesharder + +-A<filename>:: +--authors-file=<filename>:: + +Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and +git-cvsimport: + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + loginname = Joe User <user@example.com> +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN +committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn +will abort operation. The user will then have to add the +appropriate entry. Re-running the previous git-svn command +after the authors-file is modified should continue operation. + +config key: svn.authorsfile + +-q:: +--quiet:: + Make git-svn less verbose. + +--repack[=<n>]:: +--repack-flags=<flags>:: + +These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches +with many revisions. + +--repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions +to fetch before repacking. This defaults to repacking every +1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified. + +--repack-flags are passed directly to linkgit:git-repack[1]. + +[verse] +config key: svn.repack +config key: svn.repackflags + +-m:: +--merge:: +-s<strategy>:: +--strategy=<strategy>:: + +These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands. + +Passed directly to git-rebase when using 'dcommit' if a +'git-reset' cannot be used (see dcommit). + +-n:: +--dry-run:: + +This is only used with the 'dcommit' command. + +Print out the series of git arguments that would show +which diffs would be committed to SVN. + +-- + +ADVANCED OPTIONS +---------------- +-- + +-i<GIT_SVN_ID>:: +--id <GIT_SVN_ID>:: + +This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). This +allows the user to override the default refname to fetch from +when tracking a single URL. The 'log' and 'dcommit' commands +no longer require this switch as an argument. + +-R<remote name>:: +--svn-remote <remote name>:: + Specify the [svn-remote "<remote name>"] section to use, + this allows SVN multiple repositories to be tracked. + Default: "svn" + +--follow-parent:: + This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory + that has been moved around within the repository, or if we + started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was + descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use + --no-follow-parent to disable it. + +config key: svn.followparent + +-- +CONFIG FILE-ONLY OPTIONS +------------------------ +-- + +svn.noMetadata:: +svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata:: + +This gets rid of the git-svn-id: lines at the end of every commit. + +If you lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, git-svn will not +be able to rebuild it and you won't be able to fetch again, +either. This is fine for one-shot imports. + +The 'git-svn log' command will not work on repositories using +this, either. Using this conflicts with the 'useSvmProps' +option for (hopefully) obvious reasons. + +svn.useSvmProps:: +svn-remote.<name>.useSvmProps:: + +This allows git-svn to re-map repository URLs and UUIDs from +mirrors created using SVN::Mirror (or svk) for metadata. + +If an SVN revision has a property, "svm:headrev", it is likely +that the revision was created by SVN::Mirror (also used by SVK). +The property contains a repository UUID and a revision. We want +to make it look like we are mirroring the original URL, so +introduce a helper function that returns the original identity +URL and UUID, and use it when generating metadata in commit +messages. + +svn.useSvnsyncProps:: +svn-remote.<name>.useSvnsyncprops:: + Similar to the useSvmProps option; this is for users + of the svnsync(1) command distributed with SVN 1.4.x and + later. + +svn-remote.<name>.rewriteRoot:: + This allows users to create repositories from alternate + URLs. For example, an administrator could run git-svn on the + server locally (accessing via file://) but wish to distribute + the repository with a public http:// or svn:// URL in the + metadata so users of it will see the public URL. + +Since the noMetadata, rewriteRoot, useSvnsyncProps and useSvmProps +options all affect the metadata generated and used by git-svn; they +*must* be set in the configuration file before any history is imported +and these settings should never be changed once they are set. + +Additionally, only one of these four options can be used per-svn-remote +section because they affect the 'git-svn-id:' metadata line. + +-- + +BASIC EXAMPLES +-------------- + +Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project: + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# Clone a repo (like git clone): + git-svn clone http://svn.foo.org/project/trunk +# Enter the newly cloned directory: + cd trunk +# You should be on master branch, double-check with git-branch + git branch +# Do some work and commit locally to git: + git commit ... +# Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the +# latest changes in SVN: + git-svn rebase +# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN, +# as well as automatically updating your working HEAD: + git-svn dcommit +# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file: + git-svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project +(complete with a trunk, tags and branches): + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# Clone a repo (like git clone): + git-svn clone http://svn.foo.org/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags +# View all branches and tags you have cloned: + git branch -r +# Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk' +# with the appropriate name): + git reset --hard remotes/trunk +# You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time. The usage +# of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above. +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +The initial 'git-svn clone' can be quite time-consuming +(especially for large Subversion repositories). If multiple +people (or one person with multiple machines) want to use +git-svn to interact with the same Subversion repository, you can +do the initial 'git-svn clone' to a repository on a server and +have each person clone that repository with 'git clone': + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# Do the initial import on a server + ssh server "cd /pub && git-svn clone http://svn.foo.org/project +# Clone locally + git clone server:/pub/project +# Tell git-svn which branch contains the Subversion commits + git update-ref refs/remotes/git-svn origin/master +# Initialize git-svn locally (be sure to use the same URL and -T/-b/-t options as were used on server) + git-svn init http://svn.foo.org/project +# Pull the latest changes from Subversion + git-svn rebase +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE +--------------------- + +Originally, git-svn recommended that the remotes/git-svn branch be +pulled or merged from. This is because the author favored +'git-svn set-tree B' to commit a single head rather than the +'git-svn set-tree A..B' notation to commit multiple commits. + +If you use 'git-svn set-tree A..B' to commit several diffs and you do +not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should +use 'git-svn rebase' to update your work branch instead of 'git pull' or +'git merge'. 'pull/merge' can cause non-linear history to be flattened +when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing +previous commits in SVN. + +DESIGN PHILOSOPHY +----------------- +Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development +with Subversion can be cumbersome as a result. While git-svn can track +copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a +standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened +inside git back upstream to SVN users. Therefore it is advised that +users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease +compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below). + +CAVEATS +------- + +For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with a less-capable system +(SVN), it is recommended that all git-svn users clone, fetch and dcommit +directly from the SVN server, and avoid all git-clone/pull/merge/push +operations between git repositories and branches. The recommended +method of exchanging code between git branches and users is +git-format-patch and git-am, or just dcommiting to the SVN repository. + +Running 'git-merge' or 'git-pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you +plan to dcommit from. Subversion does not represent merges in any +reasonable or useful fashion; so users using Subversion cannot see any +merges you've made. Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch +that is a mirror of an SVN branch, dcommit may commit to the wrong +branch. + +'git-clone' does not clone branches under the refs/remotes/ hierarchy or +any git-svn metadata, or config. So repositories created and managed with +using git-svn should use rsync(1) for cloning, if cloning is to be done +at all. + +Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you git-push to +before dcommit on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref +on the remote repository. This is generally considered bad practice, +see the git-push(1) documentation for details. + +Do not use the --amend option of git-commit(1) on a change you've +already dcommitted. It is considered bad practice to --amend commits +you've already pushed to a remote repository for other users, and +dcommit with SVN is analogous to that. + +BUGS +---- + +We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Any unhandled +properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log + +Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not +tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for +this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all +the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Committing +renamed and copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough +for git to detect them. + +CONFIGURATION +------------- + +git-svn stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the +repository .git/config file. It is similar the core git +[remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob +arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches' +and 'tags' keys. Since some SVN repositories are oddly +configured with multiple projects glob expansions such those +listed below are allowed: + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +[svn-remote "project-a"] + url = http://server.org/svn + branches = branches/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/* + tags = tags/*/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/* + trunk = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Keep in mind that the '*' (asterisk) wildcard of the local ref +(right of the ':') *must* be the farthest right path component; +however the remote wildcard may be anywhere as long as it's own +independent path component (surrounded by '/' or EOL). This +type of configuration is not automatically created by 'init' and +should be manually entered with a text-editor or using +linkgit:git-config[1] + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-rebase[1] + +Author +------ +Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>. + +Documentation +------------- +Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>. |