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diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6ce6a3944d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -0,0 +1,501 @@ +git-svn(1) +========== + +NAME +---- +git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a single Subversion branch and git + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +'git-svn' <command> [options] [arguments] + +DESCRIPTION +----------- +git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git. +It is not to be confused with gitlink:git-svnimport[1], which is +read-only and geared towards tracking multiple branches. + +git-svn was originally designed for an individual developer who wants a +bidirectional flow of changesets between a single branch in Subversion +and an arbitrary number of branches in git. Since its inception, +git-svn has gained the ability to track multiple branches in a manner +similar to git-svnimport; but it cannot (yet) automatically detect new +branches and tags like git-svnimport does. + +git-svn is especially useful when it comes to tracking repositories +not organized in the way Subversion developers recommend (trunk, +branches, tags directories). + +COMMANDS +-------- +-- + +'init':: + Creates an empty git repository with additional metadata + directories for git-svn. The Subversion URL must be specified + as a command-line argument. Optionally, the target directory + to operate on can be specified as a second argument. Normally + this command initializes the current directory. + +'fetch':: + +Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion URL we are +tracking. refs/remotes/git-svn will be updated to the +latest revision. + +Note: You should never attempt to modify the remotes/git-svn +branch outside of git-svn. Instead, create a branch from +remotes/git-svn and work on that branch. Use the 'dcommit' +command (see below) to write git commits back to +remotes/git-svn. + +See '<<fetch-args,Additional Fetch Arguments>>' if you are interested in +manually joining branches on commit. + +'dcommit':: + Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN + repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or + not there is a diff between SVN and head). This will create + a revision in SVN for each commit in git. + It is recommended that you run git-svn fetch and rebase (not + pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the + SVN repository. + An optional command-line argument may be specified as an + alternative to HEAD. + This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces + cleaner, more linear history. + +'log':: + This should make it easy to look up svn log messages when svn + users refer to -r/--revision numbers. + + The following features from `svn log' are supported: + + --revision=<n>[:<n>] - is supported, non-numeric args are not: + HEAD, NEXT, BASE, PREV, etc ... + -v/--verbose - it's not completely compatible with + the --verbose output in svn log, but + reasonably close. + --limit=<n> - is NOT the same as --max-count, + doesn't count merged/excluded commits + --incremental - supported + + New features: + + --show-commit - shows the git commit sha1, as well + --oneline - our version of --pretty=oneline + + Any other arguments are passed directly to `git log' + +'set-tree':: + You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command. + Commit specified commit or tree objects to SVN. This relies on + your imported fetch data being up-to-date. This makes + absolutely no attempts to do patching when committing to SVN, it + simply overwrites files with those specified in the tree or + commit. All merging is assumed to have taken place + independently of git-svn functions. + +'rebuild':: + Not a part of daily usage, but this is a useful command if + you've just cloned a repository (using gitlink:git-clone[1]) that was + tracked with git-svn. Unfortunately, git-clone does not clone + git-svn metadata and the svn working tree that git-svn uses for + its operations. This rebuilds the metadata so git-svn can + resume fetch operations. A Subversion URL may be optionally + specified at the command-line if the directory/repository you're + tracking has moved or changed protocols. + +'show-ignore':: + Recursively finds and lists the svn:ignore property on + directories. The output is suitable for appending to + the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file. + +'commit-diff':: + Commits the diff of two tree-ish arguments from the + command-line. This command is intended for interoperability with + git-svnimport and does not rely on being inside an git-svn + init-ed repository. This command takes three arguments, (a) the + original tree to diff against, (b) the new tree result, (c) the + URL of the target Subversion repository. The final argument + (URL) may be omitted if you are working from a git-svn-aware + repository (that has been init-ed with git-svn). + The -r<revision> option is required for this. + +'graft-branches':: + This command attempts to detect merges/branches from already + imported history. Techniques used currently include regexes, + file copies, and tree-matches). This command generates (or + modifies) the $GIT_DIR/info/grafts file. This command is + considered experimental, and inherently flawed because + merge-tracking in SVN is inherently flawed and inconsistent + across different repositories. + +'multi-init':: + This command supports git-svnimport-like command-line syntax for + importing repositories that are laid out as recommended by the + SVN folks. This is a bit more tolerant than the git-svnimport + command-line syntax and doesn't require the user to figure out + where the repository URL ends and where the repository path + begins. + +-T<trunk_subdir>:: +--trunk=<trunk_subdir>:: +-t<tags_subdir>:: +--tags=<tags_subdir>:: +-b<branches_subdir>:: +--branches=<branches_subdir>:: + These are the command-line options for multi-init. Each of + these flags can point to a relative repository path + (--tags=project/tags') or a full url + (--tags=https://foo.org/project/tags) + +--prefix=<prefix> + This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended to the + names of remotes. The prefix does not automatically include a + trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the argument if + that is what you want. This is useful if you wish to track + multiple projects that share a common repository. + +'multi-fetch':: + This runs fetch on all known SVN branches we're tracking. This + will NOT discover new branches (unlike git-svnimport), so + multi-init will need to be re-run (it's idempotent). + +-- + +OPTIONS +------- +-- + +--shared:: +--template=<template_directory>:: + Only used with the 'init' command. + These are passed directly to gitlink:git-init[1]. + +-r <ARG>:: +--revision <ARG>:: + +Only used with the 'fetch' command. + +Takes any valid -r<argument> svn would accept and passes it +directly to svn. -r<ARG1>:<ARG2> ranges and "{" DATE "}" syntax +is also supported. This is passed directly to svn, see svn +documentation for more details. + +This can allow you to make partial mirrors when running fetch. + +-:: +--stdin:: + +Only used with the 'set-tree' command. + +Read a list of commits from stdin and commit them in reverse +order. Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so +git-rev-list --pretty=oneline output can be used. + +--rmdir:: + +Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands. + +Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left +behind. SVN can version empty directories, and they are not +removed by default if there are no files left in them. git +cannot version empty directories. Enabling this flag will make +the commit to SVN act like git. + +config key: svn.rmdir + +-e:: +--edit:: + +Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands. + +Edit the commit message before committing to SVN. This is off by +default for objects that are commits, and forced on when committing +tree objects. + +config key: svn.edit + +-l<num>:: +--find-copies-harder:: + +Only used with the 'dcommit', 'set-tree' and 'commit-diff' commands. + +They are both passed directly to git-diff-tree see +gitlink:git-diff-tree[1] for more information. + +[verse] +config key: svn.l +config key: svn.findcopiesharder + +-A<filename>:: +--authors-file=<filename>:: + +Syntax is compatible with the files used by git-svnimport and +git-cvsimport: + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + loginname = Joe User <user@example.com> +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +If this option is specified and git-svn encounters an SVN +committer name that does not exist in the authors-file, git-svn +will abort operation. The user will then have to add the +appropriate entry. Re-running the previous git-svn command +after the authors-file is modified should continue operation. + +config key: svn.authorsfile + +-q:: +--quiet:: + Make git-svn less verbose. + +--repack[=<n>]:: +--repack-flags=<flags> + These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches + with many revisions. + + --repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions + to fetch before repacking. This defaults to repacking every + 1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified. + + --repack-flags are passed directly to gitlink:git-repack[1]. + +config key: svn.repack +config key: svn.repackflags + +-m:: +--merge:: +-s<strategy>:: +--strategy=<strategy>:: + +These are only used with the 'dcommit' command. + +Passed directly to git-rebase when using 'dcommit' if a +'git-reset' cannot be used (see dcommit). + +-n:: +--dry-run:: + +This is only used with the 'dcommit' command. + +Print out the series of git arguments that would show +which diffs would be committed to SVN. + +-- + +ADVANCED OPTIONS +---------------- +-- + +-b<refname>:: +--branch <refname>:: +Used with 'fetch', 'dcommit' or 'set-tree'. + +This can be used to join arbitrary git branches to remotes/git-svn +on new commits where the tree object is equivalent. + +When used with different GIT_SVN_ID values, tags and branches in +SVN can be tracked this way, as can some merges where the heads +end up having completely equivalent content. This can even be +used to track branches across multiple SVN _repositories_. + +This option may be specified multiple times, once for each +branch. + +config key: svn.branch + +-i<GIT_SVN_ID>:: +--id <GIT_SVN_ID>:: + +This sets GIT_SVN_ID (instead of using the environment). See the +section on +'<<tracking-multiple-repos,Tracking Multiple Repositories or Branches>>' +for more information on using GIT_SVN_ID. + +--follow-parent:: + This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory + that has been moved around within the repository, or if we + started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was + descended from. + +config key: svn.followparent + +--no-metadata:: + This gets rid of the git-svn-id: lines at the end of every commit. + + With this, you lose the ability to use the rebuild command. If + you ever lose your .git/svn/git-svn/.rev_db file, you won't be + able to fetch again, either. This is fine for one-shot imports. + + The 'git-svn log' command will not work on repositories using this, + either. + +config key: svn.nometadata + +-- + +COMPATIBILITY OPTIONS +--------------------- +-- + +--upgrade:: +Only used with the 'rebuild' command. + +Run this if you used an old version of git-svn that used +"git-svn-HEAD" instead of "remotes/git-svn" as the branch +for tracking the remote. + +--ignore-nodate:: +Only used with the 'fetch' command. + +By default git-svn will crash if it tries to import a revision +from SVN which has '(no date)' listed as the date of the revision. +This is repository corruption on SVN's part, plain and simple. +But sometimes you really need those revisions anyway. + +If supplied git-svn will convert '(no date)' entries to the UNIX +epoch (midnight on Jan. 1, 1970). Yes, that's probably very wrong. +SVN was very wrong. + +-- + +Basic Examples +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Tracking and contributing to a the trunk of a Subversion-managed project: + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# Initialize a repo (like git init): + git-svn init http://svn.foo.org/project/trunk +# Fetch remote revisions: + git-svn fetch +# Create your own branch to hack on: + git checkout -b my-branch remotes/git-svn +# Do some work, and then commit your new changes to SVN, as well as +# automatically updating your working HEAD: + git-svn dcommit +# Something is committed to SVN, rebase the latest into your branch: + git-svn fetch && git rebase remotes/git-svn +# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file: + git-svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project +(complete with a trunk, tags and branches): +See also: +'<<tracking-multiple-repos,Tracking Multiple Repositories or Branches>>' + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +# Initialize a repo (like git init): + git-svn multi-init http://svn.foo.org/project \ + -T trunk -b branches -t tags +# Fetch remote revisions: + git-svn multi-fetch +# Create your own branch of trunk to hack on: + git checkout -b my-trunk remotes/trunk +# Do some work, and then commit your new changes to SVN, as well as +# automatically updating your working HEAD: + git-svn dcommit -i trunk +# Something has been committed to trunk, rebase the latest into your branch: + git-svn multi-fetch && git rebase remotes/trunk +# Append svn:ignore settings of trunk to the default git exclude file: + git-svn show-ignore -i trunk >> .git/info/exclude +# Check for new branches and tags (no arguments are needed): + git-svn multi-init +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE +--------------------- + +Originally, git-svn recommended that the remotes/git-svn branch be +pulled or merged from. This is because the author favored +'git-svn set-tree B' to commit a single head rather than the +'git-svn set-tree A..B' notation to commit multiple commits. + +If you use 'git-svn set-tree A..B' to commit several diffs and you do +not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should +use 'git rebase' to update your work branch instead of 'git pull' or +'git merge'. 'pull/merge' can cause non-linear history to be flattened +when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing +previous commits in SVN. + +DESIGN PHILOSOPHY +----------------- +Merge tracking in Subversion is lacking and doing branched development +with Subversion is cumbersome as a result. git-svn does not do +automated merge/branch tracking by default and leaves it entirely up to +the user on the git side. + +[[tracking-multiple-repos]] +TRACKING MULTIPLE REPOSITORIES OR BRANCHES +------------------------------------------ +Because git-svn does not care about relationships between different +branches or directories in a Subversion repository, git-svn has a simple +hack to allow it to track an arbitrary number of related _or_ unrelated +SVN repositories via one git repository. Simply use the --id/-i flag or +set the GIT_SVN_ID environment variable to a name other other than +"git-svn" (the default) and git-svn will ignore the contents of the +$GIT_DIR/svn/git-svn directory and instead do all of its work in +$GIT_DIR/svn/$GIT_SVN_ID for that invocation. The interface branch will +be remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID, instead of remotes/git-svn. Any +remotes/$GIT_SVN_ID branch should never be modified by the user outside +of git-svn commands. + +[[fetch-args]] +ADDITIONAL FETCH ARGUMENTS +-------------------------- +This is for advanced users, most users should ignore this section. + +Unfetched SVN revisions may be imported as children of existing commits +by specifying additional arguments to 'fetch'. Additional parents may +optionally be specified in the form of sha1 hex sums at the +command-line. Unfetched SVN revisions may also be tied to particular +git commits with the following syntax: + +------------------------------------------------ + svn_revision_number=git_commit_sha1 +------------------------------------------------ + +This allows you to tie unfetched SVN revision 375 to your current HEAD: + +------------------------------------------------ + git-svn fetch 375=$(git-rev-parse HEAD) +------------------------------------------------ + +If you're tracking a directory that has moved, or otherwise been +branched or tagged off of another directory in the repository and you +care about the full history of the project, then you can use +the --follow-parent option. + +------------------------------------------------ + git-svn fetch --follow-parent +------------------------------------------------ + +BUGS +---- + +We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable. Too difficult to +map them since we rely heavily on git write-tree being _exactly_ the +same on both the SVN and git working trees and I prefer not to clutter +working trees with metadata files. + +Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not +tracked when committing to SVN. I do not plan on adding support for +this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all +the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either). Renamed and +copied files are fully supported if they're similar enough for git to +detect them. + +SEE ALSO +-------- +gitlink:git-rebase[1] + +Author +------ +Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>. + +Documentation +------------- +Written by Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>. |