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diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..375213fe46 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt @@ -0,0 +1,278 @@ +git-stash(1) +============ + +NAME +---- +git-stash - Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git stash' list [<options>] +'git stash' show [<stash>] +'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] +'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] +'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>] +'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] + [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]] +'git stash' clear +'git stash' create [<message>] +'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit> + +DESCRIPTION +----------- + +Use `git stash` when you want to record the current state of the +working directory and the index, but want to go back to a clean +working directory. The command saves your local modifications away +and reverts the working directory to match the `HEAD` commit. + +The modifications stashed away by this command can be listed with +`git stash list`, inspected with `git stash show`, and restored +(potentially on top of a different commit) with `git stash apply`. +Calling `git stash` without any arguments is equivalent to `git stash save`. +A stash is by default listed as "WIP on 'branchname' ...", but +you can give a more descriptive message on the command line when +you create one. + +The latest stash you created is stored in `refs/stash`; older +stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using +the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the most recently +created stash, `stash@{1}` is the one before it, `stash@{2.hours.ago}` +is also possible). + +OPTIONS +------- + +save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]:: + + Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset + --hard` to revert them. The <message> part is optional and gives + the description along with the stashed state. For quickly making + a snapshot, you can omit _both_ "save" and <message>, but giving + only <message> does not trigger this action to prevent a misspelled + subcommand from making an unwanted stash. ++ +If the `--keep-index` option is used, all changes already added to the +index are left intact. ++ +If the `--include-untracked` option is used, all untracked files are also +stashed and then cleaned up with `git clean`, leaving the working directory +in a very clean state. If the `--all` option is used instead then the +ignored files are stashed and cleaned in addition to the untracked files. ++ +With `--patch`, you can interactively select hunks from the diff +between HEAD and the working tree to be stashed. The stash entry is +constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state +of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you +selected interactively. The selected changes are then rolled back +from your worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of +linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode. ++ +The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`. You can use +`--no-keep-index` to override this. + +list [<options>]:: + + List the stashes that you currently have. Each 'stash' is listed + with its name (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@{1}` is + the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the + stash was made, and a short description of the commit the stash was + based on. ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- +stash@{0}: WIP on submit: 6ebd0e2... Update git-stash documentation +stash@{1}: On master: 9cc0589... Add git-stash +---------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +The command takes options applicable to the 'git log' +command to control what is shown and how. See linkgit:git-log[1]. + +show [<stash>]:: + + Show the changes recorded in the stash as a diff between the + stashed state and its original parent. When no `<stash>` is given, + shows the latest one. By default, the command shows the diffstat, but + it will accept any format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show + -p stash@{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form). + +pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]:: + + Remove a single stashed state from the stash list and apply it + on top of the current working tree state, i.e., do the inverse + operation of `git stash save`. The working directory must + match the index. ++ +Applying the state can fail with conflicts; in this case, it is not +removed from the stash list. You need to resolve the conflicts by hand +and call `git stash drop` manually afterwards. ++ +If the `--index` option is used, then tries to reinstate not only the working +tree's changes, but also the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you +have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no +longer apply the changes as they were originally). ++ +When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must +be a reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`. + +apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]:: + + Like `pop`, but do not remove the state from the stash list. Unlike `pop`, + `<stash>` may be any commit that looks like a commit created by + `stash save` or `stash create`. + +branch <branchname> [<stash>]:: + + Creates and checks out a new branch named `<branchname>` starting from + the commit at which the `<stash>` was originally created, applies the + changes recorded in `<stash>` to the new working tree and index. + If that succeeds, and `<stash>` is a reference of the form + `stash@{<revision>}`, it then drops the `<stash>`. When no `<stash>` + is given, applies the latest one. ++ +This is useful if the branch on which you ran `git stash save` has +changed enough that `git stash apply` fails due to conflicts. Since +the stash is applied on top of the commit that was HEAD at the time +`git stash` was run, it restores the originally stashed state with +no conflicts. + +clear:: + Remove all the stashed states. Note that those states will then + be subject to pruning, and may be impossible to recover (see + 'Examples' below for a possible strategy). + +drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]:: + + Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no `<stash>` + is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise + `<stash>` must be a valid stash log reference of the form + `stash@{<revision>}`. + +create:: + + Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its + object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace. + This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is probably not + the command you want to use; see "save" above. + +store:: + + Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a + dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash + reflog. This is intended to be useful for scripts. It is + probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above. + +DISCUSSION +---------- + +A stash is represented as a commit whose tree records the state of the +working directory, and its first parent is the commit at `HEAD` when +the stash was created. The tree of the second parent records the +state of the index when the stash is made, and it is made a child of +the `HEAD` commit. The ancestry graph looks like this: + + .----W + / / + -----H----I + +where `H` is the `HEAD` commit, `I` is a commit that records the state +of the index, and `W` is a commit that records the state of the working +tree. + + +EXAMPLES +-------- + +Pulling into a dirty tree:: + +When you are in the middle of something, you learn that there are +upstream changes that are possibly relevant to what you are +doing. When your local changes do not conflict with the changes in +the upstream, a simple `git pull` will let you move forward. ++ +However, there are cases in which your local changes do conflict with +the upstream changes, and `git pull` refuses to overwrite your +changes. In such a case, you can stash your changes away, +perform a pull, and then unstash, like this: ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- +$ git pull + ... +file foobar not up to date, cannot merge. +$ git stash +$ git pull +$ git stash pop +---------------------------------------------------------------- + +Interrupted workflow:: + +When you are in the middle of something, your boss comes in and +demands that you fix something immediately. Traditionally, you would +make a commit to a temporary branch to store your changes away, and +return to your original branch to make the emergency fix, like this: ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- +# ... hack hack hack ... +$ git checkout -b my_wip +$ git commit -a -m "WIP" +$ git checkout master +$ edit emergency fix +$ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry" +$ git checkout my_wip +$ git reset --soft HEAD^ +# ... continue hacking ... +---------------------------------------------------------------- ++ +You can use 'git stash' to simplify the above, like this: ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- +# ... hack hack hack ... +$ git stash +$ edit emergency fix +$ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry" +$ git stash pop +# ... continue hacking ... +---------------------------------------------------------------- + +Testing partial commits:: + +You can use `git stash save --keep-index` when you want to make two or +more commits out of the changes in the work tree, and you want to test +each change before committing: ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- +# ... hack hack hack ... +$ git add --patch foo # add just first part to the index +$ git stash save --keep-index # save all other changes to the stash +$ edit/build/test first part +$ git commit -m 'First part' # commit fully tested change +$ git stash pop # prepare to work on all other changes +# ... repeat above five steps until one commit remains ... +$ edit/build/test remaining parts +$ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts' +---------------------------------------------------------------- + +Recovering stashes that were cleared/dropped erroneously:: + +If you mistakenly drop or clear stashes, they cannot be recovered +through the normal safety mechanisms. However, you can try the +following incantation to get a list of stashes that are still in your +repository, but not reachable any more: ++ +---------------------------------------------------------------- +git fsck --unreachable | +grep commit | cut -d\ -f3 | +xargs git log --merges --no-walk --grep=WIP +---------------------------------------------------------------- + + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-checkout[1], +linkgit:git-commit[1], +linkgit:git-reflog[1], +linkgit:git-reset[1] + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |