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diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..642d0ef199 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt @@ -0,0 +1,482 @@ +git-send-email(1) +================= + +NAME +---- +git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails + + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>... +'git send-email' --dump-aliases + + +DESCRIPTION +----------- +Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out. +Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all +files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the +last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can +be passed to git send-email. + +The header of the email is configurable via command-line options. If not +specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine +enabled interface to provide the necessary information. + +There are two formats accepted for patch files: + +1. mbox format files ++ +This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME +formatting are ignored. + +2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl' +script ++ +This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value +and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line. + + +OPTIONS +------- + +Composing +~~~~~~~~~ + +--annotate:: + Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value + of `sendemail.annotate`. See the CONFIGURATION section for + `sendemail.multiEdit`. + +--bcc=<address>,...:: + Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of + `sendemail.bcc`. ++ +This option may be specified multiple times. + +--cc=<address>,...:: + Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email. + Default is the value of `sendemail.cc`. ++ +This option may be specified multiple times. + +--compose:: + Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1]) + to edit an introductory message for the patch series. ++ +When `--compose` is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and +In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message +(what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank +(or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject, +and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed. ++ +Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for. ++ +See the CONFIGURATION section for `sendemail.multiEdit`. + +--from=<address>:: + Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line, + the value of the `sendemail.from` configuration option is used. If + neither the command-line option nor `sendemail.from` are set, then the + user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be + the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not + set, as returned by "git var -l". + +--in-reply-to=<identifier>:: + Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a + reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to + provide a new patch series. + The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to + the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting. ++ +So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the +second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the +illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`: ++ + [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did... + [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests + [PATCH 2/2] Implementation + [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll + [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up + [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests + [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation ++ +Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose +is not set, this will be prompted for. + +--subject=<string>:: + Specify the initial subject of the email thread. + Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose + is not set, this will be prompted for. + +--to=<address>,...:: + Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this + will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the + value of the `sendemail.to` configuration value; if that is unspecified, + and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for. ++ +This option may be specified multiple times. + +--8bit-encoding=<encoding>:: + When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not + declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is + encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the + 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this + will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered. ++ +Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding. + +--compose-encoding=<encoding>:: + Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the + 'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed. + +--transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64):: + Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP. + 7bit will fail upon encountering a non-ASCII message. quoted-printable + can be useful when the repository contains files that contain carriage + returns, but makes the raw patch email file (as saved from a MUA) much + harder to inspect manually. base64 is even more fool proof, but also + even more opaque. Default is the value of the `sendemail.transferEncoding` + configuration value; if that is unspecified, git will use 8bit and not + add a Content-Transfer-Encoding header. + +--xmailer:: +--no-xmailer:: + Add (or prevent adding) the "X-Mailer:" header. By default, + the header is added, but it can be turned off by setting the + `sendemail.xmailer` configuration variable to `false`. + +Sending +~~~~~~~ + +--envelope-sender=<address>:: + Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails. + This is useful if your default address is not the address that is + subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the + value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have + suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the + `sendemail.envelopeSender` configuration variable; if that is + unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA. + +--smtp-encryption=<encryption>:: + Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other + value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of + `sendemail.smtpEncryption`. + +--smtp-domain=<FQDN>:: + Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the + HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the + FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts + to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of + `sendemail.smtpDomain`. + +--smtp-auth=<mechanisms>:: + Whitespace-separated list of allowed SMTP-AUTH mechanisms. This setting + forces using only the listed mechanisms. Example: ++ +------ +$ git send-email --smtp-auth="PLAIN LOGIN GSSAPI" ... +------ ++ +If at least one of the specified mechanisms matches the ones advertised by the +SMTP server and if it is supported by the utilized SASL library, the mechanism +is used for authentication. If neither 'sendemail.smtpAuth' nor `--smtp-auth` +is specified, all mechanisms supported by the SASL library can be used. + +--smtp-pass[=<password>]:: + Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no + argument is specified, then the empty string is used as + the password. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpPass`, + however `--smtp-pass` always overrides this value. ++ +Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files +or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with +`--smtp-user` or a `sendemail.smtpUser`), but no password has been +specified (with `--smtp-pass` or `sendemail.smtpPass`), then +a password is obtained using 'git-credential'. + +--smtp-server=<host>:: + If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g. + `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can + specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead; + the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can + be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServer` configuration + option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or + `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or + `localhost` otherwise. + +--smtp-server-port=<port>:: + Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP + servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to + submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465); + symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587) + are also accepted. The port can also be set with the + `sendemail.smtpServerPort` configuration variable. + +--smtp-server-option=<option>:: + If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use. + Default value can be specified by the `sendemail.smtpServerOption` + configuration option. ++ +The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want +to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files +must be used for each option. + +--smtp-ssl:: + Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'. + +--smtp-ssl-cert-path:: + Path to a store of trusted CA certificates for SMTP SSL/TLS + certificate validation (either a directory that has been processed + by 'c_rehash', or a single file containing one or more PEM format + certificates concatenated together: see verify(1) -CAfile and + -CApath for more information on these). Set it to an empty string + to disable certificate verification. Defaults to the value of the + `sendemail.smtpsslcertpath` configuration variable, if set, or the + backing SSL library's compiled-in default otherwise (which should + be the best choice on most platforms). + +--smtp-user=<user>:: + Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of `sendemail.smtpUser`; + if a username is not specified (with `--smtp-user` or `sendemail.smtpUser`), + then authentication is not attempted. + +--smtp-debug=0|1:: + Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP + commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS + connection and authentication problems. + +Automating +~~~~~~~~~~ + +--to-cmd=<command>:: + Specify a command to execute once per patch file which + should generate patch file specific "To:" entries. + Output of this command must be single email address per line. + Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value. + +--cc-cmd=<command>:: + Specify a command to execute once per patch file which + should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries. + Output of this command must be single email address per line. + Default is the value of `sendemail.ccCmd` configuration value. + +--[no-]chain-reply-to:: + If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous + email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after + the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using + this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the + entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the `sendemail.chainReplyTo` + configuration variable can be used to enable it. + +--identity=<identity>:: + A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the + 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over + values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is + the value of `sendemail.identity`. + +--[no-]signed-off-by-cc:: + If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the + cc list. Default is the value of `sendemail.signedoffbycc` configuration + value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc. + +--[no-]cc-cover:: + If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of + the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list + for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccover' + configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-cc-cover. + +--[no-]to-cover:: + If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of + the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list + for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocover' + configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-to-cover. + +--suppress-cc=<category>:: + Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the + auto-cc of: ++ +-- +- 'author' will avoid including the patch author +- 'self' will avoid including the sender +- 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header + except for self (use 'self' for that). +- 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the + patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that). +- 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except + for self (use 'self' for that). +- 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd. +- 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc' +- 'all' will suppress all auto cc values. +-- ++ +Default is the value of `sendemail.suppresscc` configuration value; if +that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is +specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified. + +--[no-]suppress-from:: + If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list. + Default is the value of `sendemail.suppressFrom` configuration + value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from. + +--[no-]thread:: + If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be + added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the + previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch' + wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is + governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to". ++ +If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added +(unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the +`sendemail.thread` configuration value; if that is unspecified, +default to --thread. ++ +It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already +exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that +'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself). +Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the +recipient's MUA. + + +Administering +~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +--confirm=<mode>:: + Confirm just before sending: ++ +-- +- 'always' will always confirm before sending +- 'never' will never confirm before sending +- 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically + added addresses from the patch to the Cc list +- 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose. +- 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose' +-- ++ +Default is the value of `sendemail.confirm` configuration value; if that +is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options +have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'. + +--dry-run:: + Do everything except actually send the emails. + +--[no-]format-patch:: + When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name, + choose to understand it as a format-patch argument (`--format-patch`) + or as a file name (`--no-format-patch`). By default, when such a conflict + occurs, git send-email will fail. + +--quiet:: + Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be + all that is output. + +--[no-]validate:: + Perform sanity checks on patches. + Currently, validation means the following: ++ +-- + * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this + is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt. +-- ++ +Default is the value of `sendemail.validate`; if this is not set, +default to `--validate`. + +--force:: + Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it. + + +Information +~~~~~~~~~~~ + +--dump-aliases:: + Instead of the normal operation, dump the shorthand alias names from + the configured alias file(s), one per line in alphabetical order. Note, + this only includes the alias name and not its expanded email addresses. + See 'sendemail.aliasesfile' for more information about aliases. + + +CONFIGURATION +------------- + +sendemail.aliasesFile:: + To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more + email aliases files. You must also supply `sendemail.aliasFileType`. + +sendemail.aliasFileType:: + Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesFile. Must be + one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus', or 'sendmail'. ++ +What an alias file in each format looks like can be found in +the documentation of the email program of the same name. The +differences and limitations from the standard formats are +described below: ++ +-- +sendmail;; +* Quoted aliases and quoted addresses are not supported: lines that + contain a `"` symbol are ignored. +* Redirection to a file (`/path/name`) or pipe (`|command`) is not + supported. +* File inclusion (`:include: /path/name`) is not supported. +* Warnings are printed on the standard error output for any + explicitly unsupported constructs, and any other lines that are not + recognized by the parser. +-- + +sendemail.multiEdit:: + If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit + files you have to edit (patches when `--annotate` is used, and the + summary when `--compose` is used). If false, files will be edited one + after the other, spawning a new editor each time. + +sendemail.confirm:: + Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be + one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See `--confirm` + in the previous section for the meaning of these values. + +EXAMPLE +------- +Use gmail as the smtp server +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server, +edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings: + + [sendemail] + smtpEncryption = tls + smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com + smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com + smtpServerPort = 587 + +If you have multifactor authentication setup on your gmail account, you will +need to generate an app-specific password for use with 'git send-email'. Visit +https://security.google.com/settings/security/apppasswords to setup an +app-specific password. Once setup, you can store it with the credentials +helper: + + $ git credential fill + protocol=smtp + host=smtp.gmail.com + username=youname@gmail.com + password=app-password + + +Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the +following commands: + + $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/ + $ edit outgoing/0000-* + $ git send-email outgoing/* + +Note: the following perl modules are required + Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL + +SEE ALSO +-------- +linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5) + +GIT +--- +Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite |