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diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53a7bb0895 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt @@ -0,0 +1,262 @@ +git-commit(1) +============= + +NAME +---- +git-commit - Record changes to the repository + +SYNOPSIS +-------- +[verse] +'git-commit' [-a | --interactive] [-s] [-v] + [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg> | --amend] + [--no-verify] [-e] [--author <author>] + [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...] + +DESCRIPTION +----------- +Use 'git commit' when you want to record your changes into the repository +along with a log message describing what the commit is about. All changes +to be committed must be explicitly identified using one of the following +methods: + +1. by using gitlink:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the + next commit before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified + files must be "added"); + +2. by using gitlink:git-rm[1] to identify content removal for the next + commit, again before using the 'commit' command; + +3. by directly listing files containing changes to be committed as arguments + to the 'commit' command, in which cases only those files alone will be + considered for the commit; + +4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically "add" + changes from all known files i.e. files that have already been committed + before, and to automatically "rm" files that have been + removed from the working tree, and perform the actual commit. + +5. by using the --interactive switch with the 'commit' command to decide one + by one which files should be part of the commit, before finalizing the + operation. Currently, this is done by invoking `git-add --interactive`. + +The gitlink:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a +summary of what is included by any of the above for the next +commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to +this command. + +If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after +that, you can recover from it with gitlink:git-reset[1]. + + +OPTIONS +------- +-a|--all:: + Tell the command to automatically stage files that have + been modified and deleted, but new files you have not + told git about are not affected. + +-c or -C <commit>:: + Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message + and the authorship information (including the timestamp) + when creating the commit. With '-C', the editor is not + invoked; with '-c' the user can further edit the commit + message. + +-F <file>:: + Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to + read the message from the standard input. + +--author <author>:: + Override the author name used in the commit. Use + `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format. + +-m <msg>:: + Use the given <msg> as the commit message. + +-s|--signoff:: + Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message. + +--no-verify:: + This option bypasses the pre-commit hook. + See also link:hooks.html[hooks]. + +-e|--edit:: + The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with + `-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the + commit log message unmodified. This option lets you + further edit the message taken from these sources. + +--amend:: + + Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree + object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual + (this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the + commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the + tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the + current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of + the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is + discarded. ++ +-- +It is a rough equivalent for: +------ + $ git reset --soft HEAD^ + $ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ... + $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD + +------ +but can be used to amend a merge commit. +-- + +-i|--include:: + Before making a commit out of staged contents so far, + stage the contents of paths given on the command line + as well. This is usually not what you want unless you + are concluding a conflicted merge. + +-q|--quiet:: + Suppress commit summary message. + +\--:: + Do not interpret any more arguments as options. + +<file>...:: + When files are given on the command line, the command + commits the contents of the named files, without + recording the changes already staged. The contents of + these files are also staged for the next commit on top + of what have been staged before. + + +EXAMPLES +-------- +When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in +your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area +called the "index" with gitlink:git-add[1]. Removal +of a file is staged with gitlink:git-rm[1]. After building the +state to be committed incrementally with these commands, `git +commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what +has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the +command. An example: + +------------ +$ edit hello.c +$ git rm goodbye.c +$ git add hello.c +$ git commit +------------ + +Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can +tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose +contents are tracked in +your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm` +for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier +example if there is no other change in your working tree: + +------------ +$ edit hello.c +$ rm goodbye.c +$ git commit -a +------------ + +The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree, +notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c, +and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you. + +After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the +changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`. +When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that +only records the changes made to the named paths: + +------------ +$ edit hello.c hello.h +$ git add hello.c hello.h +$ edit Makefile +$ git commit Makefile +------------ + +This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`. +The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included +in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost -- +they are still staged and merely held back. After the above +sequence, if you do: + +------------ +$ git commit +------------ + +this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and +`hello.h` as expected. + +After a merge (initiated by either gitlink:git-merge[1] or +gitlink:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged +paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that +conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first +check which paths are conflicting with gitlink:git-status[1] +and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would +stage the result as usual with gitlink:git-add[1]: + +------------ +$ git status | grep unmerged +unmerged: hello.c +$ edit hello.c +$ git add hello.c +------------ + +After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u` +would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done, +run `git commit` to finally record the merge: + +------------ +$ git commit +------------ + +As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a` +option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge +resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to +alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge +should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command +refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option). + + +DISCUSSION +---------- + +Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message +with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the +change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. +Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line +on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body. + +include::i18n.txt[] + +ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES +--------------------- +The command specified by either the VISUAL or EDITOR environment +variables is used to edit the commit log message. + +HOOKS +----- +This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and +`post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more +information. + + +SEE ALSO +-------- +gitlink:git-add[1], +gitlink:git-rm[1], +gitlink:git-mv[1], +gitlink:git-merge[1], +gitlink:git-commit-tree[1] + +Author +------ +Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and +Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> + + +GIT +--- +Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite |