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+Git 2.9 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Backward compatibility note
+---------------------------
+
+The end-user facing Porcelain level commands in the "git diff" and
+"git log" by default enables the rename detection; you can still use
+"diff.renames" configuration variable to disable this.
+
+Merging two branches that have no common ancestor with "git merge" is
+by default forbidden now to prevent creating such an unusual merge by
+mistake.
+
+The output formats of "git log" that indents the commit log message by
+4 spaces now expands HT in the log message by default. You can use
+the "--no-expand-tabs" option to disable this.
+
+
+Updates since v2.8
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * The end-user facing Porcelain level commands like "diff" and "log"
+ now enables the rename detection by default.
+
+ * The credential.helper configuration variable is cumulative and
+ there is no good way to override it from the command line. As
+ a special case, giving an empty string as its value now serves
+ as the signal to clear the values specified in various files.
+
+ * A new "interactive.diffFilter" configuration can be used to
+ customize the diff shown in "git add -i" session.
+
+ * "git p4" now allows P4 author names to be mapped to Git author
+ names.
+
+ * "git rebase -x" can be used without passing "-i" option.
+
+ * "git -c credential.<var>=<value> submodule" can now be used to
+ propagate configuration variables related to credential helper
+ down to the submodules.
+
+ * "git tag" can create an annotated tag without explicitly given an
+ "-a" (or "-s") option (i.e. when a tag message is given). A new
+ configuration variable, tag.forceSignAnnotated, can be used to tell
+ the command to create signed tag in such a situation.
+
+ * "git merge" used to allow merging two branches that have no common
+ base by default, which led to a brand new history of an existing
+ project created and then get pulled by an unsuspecting maintainer,
+ which allowed an unnecessary parallel history merged into the
+ existing project. The command has been taught not to allow this by
+ default, with an escape hatch "--allow-unrelated-histories" option
+ to be used in a rare event that merges histories of two projects
+ that started their lives independently.
+
+ * "git pull" has been taught to pass --allow-unrelated-histories
+ option to underlying "git merge".
+
+ * "git apply -v" learned to report paths in the patch that were
+ skipped via --include/--exclude mechanism or being outside the
+ current working directory.
+
+ * Shell completion (in contrib/) updates.
+
+ * The commit object name reported when "rebase -i" stops has been
+ shortened.
+
+ * "git worktree add" can be given "--no-checkout" option to only
+ create an empty worktree without checking out the files.
+
+ * "git mergetools" learned to drive ExamDiff.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option, so that
+ the rebase.autostash configuration variable set to true can be
+ overridden from the command line.
+
+ * When "git log" shows the log message indented by 4-spaces, the
+ remainder of a line after a HT does not align in the way the author
+ originally intended. The command now expands tabs by default in
+ such a case, and allows the users to override it with a new option,
+ "--no-expand-tabs".
+
+ * "git send-email" now uses a more readable timestamps when
+ formulating a message ID.
+ (merge f916ab0 ew/send-email-readable-message-id later to maint).
+
+ * "git rerere" can encounter two or more files with the same conflict
+ signature that have to be resolved in different ways, but there was
+ no way to record these separate resolutions.
+ (merge 890fca8 jc/rerere-multi later to maint).
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The embedded args argv-array in the child process is used to build
+ the command line to run pack-objects instead of using a separate
+ array of strings.
+ (merge 65a3629 mp/upload-pack-use-embedded-args later to maint).
+
+ * A test for tags has been restructured so that more parts of it can
+ easily be run on a platform without a working GnuPG.
+
+ * The startup_info data, which records if we are working inside a
+ repository (among other things), are now uniformly available to Git
+ subcommand implementations, and Git avoids attempting to touch
+ references when we are not in a repository.
+ (merge 11e6b3f jk/startup-info later to maint).
+
+ * The command line argument parser for "receive-pack" has been
+ rewritten to use parse-options.
+
+ * A major part of "git submodule update" has been ported to C to take
+ advantage of the recently added framework to run download tasks in
+ parallel.
+
+ * Rename bunch of tests on "git clone" for better organization.
+ (merge 8fbb03a sb/clone-t57-t56 later to maint).
+
+ * The tests that involve running httpd leaked the system-wide
+ configuration in /etc/gitconfig to the tested environment.
+ (merge 1fad503 jk/test-httpd-config-nosystem later to maint).
+
+ * Build updates for MSVC.
+ (merge 0ef60af ss/msvc later to maint).
+
+ * The repository set-up sequence has been streamlined (the biggest
+ change is that there is no longer git_config_early()), so that we
+ do not attempt to look into refs/* when we know we do not have a
+ Git repository.
+ (merge 274db84 jk/check-repository-format later to maint).
+
+ * Code restructuring around the "refs" area to prepare for pluggable
+ refs backends.
+
+ * Sources to many test helper binaries (and the generated helpers)
+ have been moved to t/helper/ subdirectory to reduce clutter at the
+ top level of the tree.
+
+ Note that this can break your tests if you check out revisions
+ across the merge boundary of this topic, e0b58519 (Merge branch
+ 'nd/test-helpers', 2016-04-29), as bin-wrappers/test-* are not
+ rebuilt to point the underlying executables. For now, "make
+ distclean" is your friend.
+
+ * Unify internal logic between "git tag -v" and "git verify-tag"
+ commands by making one directly call into the other.
+ (merge bef234b st/verify-tag later to maint).
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.8
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.8 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git config --get-urlmatch", unlike other variants of the "git
+ config --get" family, did not signal error with its exit status
+ when there was no matching configuration.
+ (merge 24990b2 jk/config-get-urlmatch later to maint).
+
+ * The "--local-env-vars" and "--resolve-git-dir" options of "git
+ rev-parse" failed to work outside a repository when the command's
+ option parsing was rewritten in 1.8.5 era.
+ (merge fc7d47f jk/rev-parse-local-env-vars later to maint).
+
+ * "git index-pack --keep[=<msg>] pack-$name.pack" simply did not work.
+ (merge 0e94242 jc/maint-index-pack-keep later to maint).
+
+ * Fetching of history by naming a commit object name directly didn't
+ work across remote-curl transport.
+ (merge 754ecb1 gf/fetch-pack-direct-object-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * A small memory leak in an error codepath has been plugged in xdiff
+ code.
+ (merge 87f1625 rj/xdiff-prepare-plug-leak-on-error-codepath later to maint).
+
+ * strbuf_getwholeline() did not NUL-terminate the buffer on certain
+ corner cases in its error codepath.
+ (merge b709043 jk/getwholeline-getdelim-empty later to maint).
+
+ * "git mergetool" did not work well with conflicts that both sides
+ deleted.
+ (merge a298604 da/mergetool-delete-delete-conflict later to maint).
+
+ * "git send-email" had trouble parsing alias file in mailrc format
+ when lines in it had trailing whitespaces on them.
+ (merge a277d1e jk/send-email-rtrim-mailrc-alias later to maint).
+
+ * When "git merge --squash" stopped due to conflict, the concluding
+ "git commit" failed to read in the SQUASH_MSG that shows the log
+ messages from all the squashed commits.
+ (merge b64c1e0 ss/commit-squash-msg later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge FETCH_HEAD" dereferenced NULL pointer when merging
+ nothing into an unborn history (which is arguably unusual usage,
+ which perhaps was the reason why nobody noticed it).
+ (merge b84e65d jv/merge-nothing-into-void later to maint).
+
+ * When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -d" allowed
+ deletion of a branch that is checked out in another worktree,
+ which was wrong.
+ (merge f292244 ky/branch-d-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * When "git worktree" feature is in use, "git branch -m" renamed a
+ branch that is checked out in another worktree without adjusting
+ the HEAD symbolic ref for the worktree.
+ (merge 18eb3a9 ky/branch-m-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff -M" used to work better when two originally identical
+ files A and B got renamed to X/A and X/B by pairing A to X/A and B
+ to X/B, but this was broken in the 2.0 timeframe.
+ (merge ca4e3ca sg/diff-multiple-identical-renames later to maint).
+
+ * "git send-pack --all <there>" was broken when its command line
+ option parsing was written in the 2.6 timeframe.
+ (merge c677756 sk/send-pack-all-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git format-patch --help" showed `-s` and `--no-patch` as if these
+ are valid options to the command. We already hide `--patch` option
+ from the documentation, because format-patch is about showing the
+ diff, and the documentation now hides these options as well.
+ (merge b73a1bc es/format-patch-doc-hide-no-patch later to maint).
+
+ * When running "git blame $path" with unnormalized data in the index
+ for the path, the data in the working tree was blamed, even though
+ "git add" would not have changed what is already in the index, due
+ to "safe crlf" that disables the line-end conversion. It has been
+ corrected.
+ (merge a08feb8 tb/blame-force-read-cache-to-workaround-safe-crlf later to maint).
+
+ * A change back in version 2.7 to "git branch" broke display of a
+ symbolic ref in a non-standard place in the refs/ hierarchy (we
+ expect symbolic refs to appear in refs/remotes/*/HEAD to point at
+ the primary branch the remote has, and as .git/HEAD to point at the
+ branch we locally checked out).
+ (merge 95c38fb jk/branch-shortening-funny-symrefs later to maint).
+
+ * A partial rewrite of "git submodule" in the 2.7 timeframe changed
+ the way the gitdir: pointer in the submodules point at the real
+ repository location to use absolute paths by accident. This has
+ been corrected.
+ (merge 1f15ba1 sb/submodule-helper-clone-regression-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit" misbehaved in a few minor ways when an empty message
+ is given via -m '', all of which has been corrected.
+ (merge 27014cb ad/commit-have-m-option later to maint).
+
+ * Support for CRAM-MD5 authentication method in "git imap-send" did
+ not work well.
+ (merge eb94ee7 ky/imap-send later to maint).
+
+ * Upcoming OpenSSL 1.1.0 will break compilation b updating a few APIs
+ we use in imap-send, which has been adjusted for the change.
+ (merge 1245c74 ky/imap-send-openssl-1.1.0 later to maint).
+
+ * The socks5:// proxy support added back in 2.6.4 days was not aware
+ that socks5h:// proxies behave differently.
+ (merge 87f8a0b jc/http-socks5h later to maint).
+
+ * "git config" had a codepath that tried to pass a NULL to
+ printf("%s"), which nobody seems to have noticed.
+ (merge 1cae428 jk/do-not-printf-NULL later to maint).
+
+ * On Cygwin, object creation uses the "create a temporary and then
+ rename it to the final name" pattern, not "create a temporary,
+ hardlink it to the final name and then unlink the temporary"
+ pattern.
+
+ This is necessary to use Git on Windows shared directories, and is
+ already enabled for the MinGW and plain Windows builds. It also
+ has been used in Cygwin packaged versions of Git for quite a while.
+ See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/291853
+ (merge e53a64b ad/cygwin-wants-rename later to maint).
+
+ * "merge-octopus" strategy did not ensure that the index is clean
+ when merge begins.
+
+ * When "git merge" notices that the merge can be resolved purely at
+ the tree level (without having to merge blobs) and the resulting
+ tree happens to already exist in the object store, it forgot to
+ update the index, which lead to an inconsistent state for later
+ operations.
+
+ * "git submodule" reports the paths of submodules the command
+ recurses into, but this was incorrect when the command was not run
+ from the root level of the superproject.
+ (merge 2ab5660 sb/submodule-path-misc-bugs later to maint).
+
+ * The "user.useConfigOnly" configuration variable makes it an error
+ if users do not explicitly set user.name and user.email. However,
+ its check was not done early enough and allowed another error to
+ trigger, reporting that the default value we guessed from the
+ system setting was unusable. This was a suboptimal end-user
+ experience as we want the users to set user.name/user.email without
+ relying on the auto-detection at all.
+ (merge d3c06c1 da/user-useconfigonly later to maint).
+
+ * "git mv old new" did not adjust the path for a submodule that lives
+ as a subdirectory inside old/ directory correctly.
+ (merge a127331 sb/mv-submodule-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git replace -e" did not honour "core.editor" configuration.
+ (merge 36b1437 js/replace-edit-use-editor-configuration later to maint).
+
+ * "git push" from a corrupt repository that attempts to push a large
+ number of refs deadlocked; the thread to relay rejection notices
+ for these ref updates blocked on writing them to the main thread,
+ after the main thread at the receiving end notices that the push
+ failed and decides not to read these notices and return a failure.
+ (merge c4b2751 jk/push-client-deadlock-fix later to maint).
+
+ * mmap emulation on Windows has been optimized and work better without
+ consuming paging store when not needed.
+ (merge d5425d1 js/win32-mmap later to maint).
+
+ * Other minor clean-ups and documentation updates
+ (merge aed7480 mm/lockfile-error-message later to maint).
+ (merge bfee614 jc/index-pack later to maint).
+ (merge f870899 ss/exc-flag-is-a-collection-of-bits later to maint).
+ (merge dde7891 pb/t7502-drop-dup later to maint).
+ (merge 3bd1b51 cc/doc-recommend-performance-trace-to-file later to maint).
+ (merge 7d5e9c9 jk/credential-cache-comment-exit later to maint).
+ (merge 16a86d4 nd/apply-doc later to maint).
+ (merge c3f6b85 pb/opt-cmdmode-doc later to maint).
+ (merge 30211fb oa/doc-diff-check later to maint).
+ (merge 01d98e8 ak/use-hashmap-iter-first-in-submodule-config later to maint).
+ (merge 8b5a3e9 kn/for-each-tag-branch later to maint).
+ (merge 9c60d9f sb/misc-cleanups later to maint).
+ (merge 7a6a44c cc/apply later to maint).
+ (merge 8e9b208 js/mingw-tests-2.8 later to maint).
+ (merge d55de70 jc/makefile-redirection-stderr later to maint).
+ (merge 4232b21 ep/trace-doc-sample-fix later to maint).
+ (merge ef8c95e ew/send-email-drop-data-dumper later to maint).
+ (merge 24041d6 jc/xstrfmt-null-with-prec-0 later to maint).
+ (merge 7bec7f5 jk/use-write-script-more later to maint).