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+Git v1.8.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there). In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics, which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+ when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+ branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+ are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this. If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour. If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands. There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes. A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal. Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0. For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its --prefix option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.4
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * "git-svn" has been taught to use the serf library, which is the
+ only option SVN 1.8.0 offers us when talking the HTTP protocol.
+
+ * "git-svn" talking over an https:// connection using the serf library
+ dumped core due to a bug in the serf library that SVN uses. Work
+ around it on our side, even though the SVN side is being fixed.
+
+ * On MacOS X, we detected if the filesystem needs the "pre-composed
+ unicode strings" workaround, but did not automatically enable it.
+ Now we do.
+
+ * remote-hg remote helper misbehaved when interacting with a local Hg
+ repository relative to the home directory, e.g. "clone hg::~/there".
+
+ * imap-send ported to OS X uses Apple's security framework instead of
+ OpenSSL's.
+
+ * "git fast-import" treats an empty path given to "ls" as the root of
+ the tree.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * xdg-open can be used as a browser backend for "git web-browse"
+ (hence to show "git help -w" output), when available.
+
+ * "git grep" and "git show" pay attention to the "--textconv" option
+ when these commands are told to operate on blob objects (e.g. "git
+ grep -e pattern --textconv HEAD:Makefile").
+
+ * "git replace" helper no longer allows an object to be replaced with
+ another object of a different type to avoid confusion (you can
+ still manually craft such a replacement using "git update-ref", as an
+ escape hatch).
+
+ * "git status" no longer prints the dirty status information of
+ submodules for which submodule.$name.ignore is set to "all".
+
+ * "git rebase -i" honours core.abbrev when preparing the insn sheet
+ for editing.
+
+ * "git status" during a cherry-pick shows which original commit is
+ being picked.
+
+ * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now,
+ e.g. "git log @".
+
+ * "git check-ignore" follows the same rule as "git add" and "git
+ status" in that the ignore/exclude mechanism does not take effect
+ on paths that are already tracked. With the "--no-index" option, it
+ can be used to diagnose which paths that should have been ignored
+ have been mistakenly added to the index.
+
+ * Some irrelevant "advice" messages that are shared with "git status"
+ output have been removed from the commit log template.
+
+ * "update-refs" learned a "--stdin" option to read multiple update
+ requests and perform them in an all-or-none fashion.
+
+ * Just like "make -C <directory>", "git -C <directory> ..." tells Git
+ to go there before doing anything else.
+
+ * Just like "git checkout -" knows to check out, and "git merge -"
+ knows to merge, the branch you were previously on, "git cherry-pick"
+ now understands "git cherry-pick -" to pick from the previous
+ branch.
+
+ * "git status" now omits the prefix to make its output a comment in a
+ commit log editor, which is not necessary for human consumption.
+ Scripts that parse the output of "git status" are advised to use
+ "git status --porcelain" instead, as its format is stable and easier
+ to parse.
+
+ * The ref syntax "foo^{tag}" (with the literal string "{tag}") peels a
+ tag ref to itself, i.e. it's a no-op., and fails if
+ "foo" is not a tag. "git rev-parse --verify v1.0^{tag}" is
+ a more convenient way than "test $(git cat-file -t v1.0) = tag" to
+ check if v1.0 is a tag.
+
+ * "git branch -v -v" (and "git status") did not distinguish among a
+ branch that is not based on any other branch, a branch that is in
+ sync with its upstream branch, and a branch that is configured with an
+ upstream branch that no longer exists.
+
+ * Earlier we started rejecting any attempt to add the 0{40} object name to
+ the index and to tree objects, but it sometimes is necessary to
+ allow this to be able to use tools like filter-branch to correct such
+ broken tree objects. "filter-branch" can again be used to do this.
+
+ * "git config" did not provide a way to set or access numbers larger
+ than a native "int" on the platform; it now provides 64-bit signed
+ integers on all platforms.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" always chose to do the bog-standard flattening
+ rebase. You can tell it to run "rebase --preserve-merges" with
+ "git pull --rebase=preserve" or by
+ setting "pull.rebase" configuration to "preserve".
+
+ * "git push --no-thin" actually disables the "thin pack transfer"
+ optimization.
+
+ * Magic pathspecs like ":(icase)makefile" (matches both Makefile
+ and makefile) and ":(glob)foo/**/bar" (matches "bar" in "foo"
+ and any subdirectory of "foo") can be used in more places.
+
+ * The "http.*" variables can now be specified for individual URLs.
+ For example,
+
+ [http]
+ sslVerify = true
+ [http "https://weak.example.com/"]
+ sslVerify = false
+
+ would flip http.sslVerify off only when talking to that specific
+ site.
+
+ * "git mv A B" when moving a submodule has been taught to
+ relocate the submodule's working tree and to adjust the paths in the
+ .gitmodules file.
+
+ * "git blame" can now take more than one -L option to discover the
+ origin of multiple blocks of lines.
+
+ * The http transport clients can optionally ask to save cookies
+ with the http.savecookies configuration variable.
+
+ * "git push" learned a more fine grained control over a blunt
+ "--force" when requesting a non-fast-forward update with the
+ "--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expected object name>" option.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-filter=<classes of changes>" can now take
+ lowercase letters (e.g. "--diff-filter=d") to mean "show
+ everything but these classes". "git diff-files -q" is now a
+ deprecated synonym for "git diff-files --diff-filter=d".
+
+ * "git fetch" (hence "git pull" as well) learned to check
+ "fetch.prune" and "remote.*.prune" configuration variables and
+ to behave as if the "--prune" command line option was given.
+
+ * "git check-ignore -z" applied the NUL termination to both its input
+ (with --stdin) and its output, but "git check-attr -z" ignored the
+ option on the output side. Make both honor -z on the input and
+ output side the same way.
+
+ * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of
+ it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time
+ wondering what the difference is between it and "git log". Make it
+ less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain
+ that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in
+ its own document.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" when asking for merely the object name does not
+ have to parse the object pointed at by the refs; the codepath has
+ been optimized.
+
+ * The HTTP transport will try to use TCP keepalive when able.
+
+ * "git repack" is now written in C.
+
+ * Build procedure for MSVC has been updated.
+
+ * If a build-time fallback is set to "cat" instead of "less", we
+ should apply the same "no subprocess or pipe" optimization as we
+ apply to user-supplied GIT_PAGER=cat.
+
+ * Many commands use a --dashed-option as an operation mode selector
+ (e.g. "git tag --delete") that excludes other operation modes
+ (e.g. "git tag --delete --verify" is nonsense) and that cannot be
+ negated (e.g. "git tag --no-delete" is nonsense). The parse-options
+ API learned a new OPT_CMDMODE macro to make it easier to implement
+ such a set of options.
+
+ * OPT_BOOLEAN() in the parse-options API was misdesigned to be "counting
+ up" but many subcommands expect it to behave as "on/off". Update
+ them to use OPT_BOOL() which is a proper boolean.
+
+ * "git gc" exits early without doing any work when it detects
+ that another instance of itself is already running.
+
+ * Under memory pressure and/or file descriptor pressure, we used to
+ close pack windows that are not used and also closed filehandles to
+ open but unused packfiles. These are now controlled separately
+ to better cope with the load.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes for
+details).
+
+ * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server
+ lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with a more
+ modern way.
+ (merge 6d52bc3 sc/doc-howto-dumb-http later to maint).
+
+ * The interaction between the use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL
+ has been clarified a bit.
+ (merge f8fc0ee jn/test-prereq-perl-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The synopsis section of the "git unpack-objects" documentation has been
+ clarified a bit.
+ (merge 61e2e22 vd/doc-unpack-objects later to maint).
+
+ * We did not generate the HTML version of the documentation to "git subtree"
+ in contrib/.
+ (merge 95c62fb jk/subtree-install-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by
+ quoting them in C style; the remote-hg remote helper forgot to unquote
+ such a path.
+ (merge 1136265 ap/remote-hg-unquote-cquote later to maint).
+
+ * "git reset -p HEAD" has a codepath to special-case it to behave
+ differently from resetting to contents of other commits, but a
+ recent change broke it.
+
+ * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy.
+ (merge 339c17b hn/log-graph-color-octopus later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch
+ but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic"
+ branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic"
+ (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not
+ implemented for "git checkout topic --".
+ (merge bca3969 mm/checkout-auto-track-fix later to maint).
+
+ * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git
+ clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch
+ "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess. A new
+ capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this
+ information so that cloning from a repository with more than one
+ branch pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now
+ reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository.
+ (merge 360a326 jc/upload-pack-send-symref later to maint).
+
+ * We did not handle cases where the http transport gets redirected during
+ the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://).
+ (merge 70900ed jk/http-auth-redirects later to maint).
+
+ * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream
+ was coded in a way unsupported by older Bash versions (3.x).
+ (merge 52ec889 sg/prompt-svn-remote-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or
+ committer lines was less robust than ideal in picking up the
+ timestamps.
+ (merge 03818a4 jk/split-broken-ident later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave the v1.0 tag itself in the
+ output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not.
+ (merge 895c5ba jc/revision-range-unpeel later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone" wrote some progress messages to standard output, not
+ to standard error, and did not suppress them with the
+ --no-progress option.
+ (merge 643f918 jk/clone-progress-to-stderr later to maint).
+
+ * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit an unnecessary in-body
+ from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author.
+ (merge 662cc30 jk/format-patch-from later to maint).
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed
+ commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignores such a commit
+ and keeps going.
+ (merge cd4f09e jk/shortlog-tolerate-broken-commit later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command
+ line option correctly.
+ (merge 6562928 jk/diff-algo later to maint).
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+ computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+ dropped connection. The server side has been taught to send a
+ small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+ (merge 115dedd jk/upload-pack-keepalive later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" had a portability regression in v1.8.4 that triggered a
+ bug in some BSD shell implementations.
+ (merge 99855dd mm/rebase-continue-freebsd-WB later to maint).
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+ that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+ local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking.
+ (merge b0f49ff jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint).
+
+ * When the web server responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+ http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+ the "Allow" header.
+ (merge 9247be0 bc/http-backend-allow-405 later to maint).
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+ during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+ sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+ (merge f21d2a7 nd/fetch-into-shallow later to maint).
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+ executable files.
+ (merge 1b48d56 jc/cvsserver-perm-bit-fix later to maint).
+
+ * When send-email obtains an error message to die with upon
+ failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error string
+ from a wrong place.
+ (merge 6cb0c88 bc/send-email-ssl-die-message-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has some crippling code to work around an
+ ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+ for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+ (merge df17e77 js/add-i-mingw later to maint).
+
+ * We made sure that we notice when the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+ gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+ gitfile.
+ (merge 487a2b7 nd/git-dir-pointing-at-gitfile later to maint).
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and the
+ loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+ prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+ has_sha1_file().
+ (merge 45e8a74 jk/has-sha1-file-retry-packed later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+ "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+ from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+ preferred author name.
+ (merge ea16794 ap/commit-author-mailmap later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+ that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+ shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+ made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+ (merge 680be04 jc/ls-files-killed-optim later to maint).
+
+ * The shortened commit object names in the insn sheet that is prepared at the
+ beginning of a "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+ rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+ sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+ (merge 75c6976 es/rebase-i-no-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+ and as a side effect left the merge summary message in the log, but
+ when rebasing there is no need for the merge summary.
+ (merge a9f739c rt/rebase-p-no-merge-summary later to maint).
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop around it to cope with short
+ reads in the codepath to stream new contents to a pack.
+ (merge e92527c js/xread-in-full later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character is
+ configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+ (merge 7bca7af es/rebase-i-respect-core-commentchar later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap support code read past the allocated buffer when the
+ mailmap file ended with an incomplete line.
+ (merge f972a16 jk/mailmap-incomplete-line later to maint).
+
+ * We used to send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a single
+ system call, which was bad from the latency point of view when
+ the operation needs to be killed, and also triggered an error on
+ broken 64-bit systems that refuse to read or write more than 2GB
+ in one go.
+ (merge a487916 sp/clip-read-write-to-8mb later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" that auto-followed tags incorrectly reused the
+ connection with Git-aware transport helper (like the sample "ext::"
+ helper shipped with Git).
+ (merge 0f73f8b jc/transport-do-not-use-connect-twice-in-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" showed a huge diff for paths
+ outside the given <pathspec> for each commit, instead of showing
+ the change relative to the parent of the commit. "git reflog -p"
+ had a similar problem.
+ (merge 838f9a1 tr/log-full-diff-keep-true-parents later to maint).
+
+ * Setting a submodule.*.path configuration variable to true (without
+ giving "= value") caused Git to segfault.
+ (merge 4b05440 jl/some-submodule-config-are-not-boolean later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" (there could be others, as the root cause is pretty
+ generic) fed a random, data dependent string to 'echo' and
+ expected it to come out literally, corrupting its error message.
+ (merge 89b0230 mm/no-shell-escape-in-die-message later to maint).
+
+ * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot
+ grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' which the prompt and
+ completion code started to use recently.
+ (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint).
+
+ * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on
+ platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros.
+ (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3).
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+ shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags.
+ (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3).