diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-fast-export.txt | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt | 273 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-gc.txt | 17 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-rebase.txt | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-replace.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-svn.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/githooks.txt | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt | 4 | ||||
| -rwxr-xr-x | git-filter-branch.sh | 14 |
9 files changed, 288 insertions, 59 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt index cc940eb9ad..784e934009 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt @@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ This program dumps the given revisions in a form suitable to be piped into 'git fast-import'. You can use it as a human-readable bundle replacement (see -linkgit:git-bundle[1]), or as a kind of an interactive -'git filter-branch'. - +linkgit:git-bundle[1]), or as a format that can be edited before being +fed to 'git fast-import' in order to do history rewrites (an ability +relied on by tools like 'git filter-repo'). OPTIONS ------- diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt index 6b53dd7e06..5876598852 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt @@ -16,6 +16,19 @@ SYNOPSIS [--original <namespace>] [-d <directory>] [-f | --force] [--state-branch <branch>] [--] [<rev-list options>...] +WARNING +------- +'git filter-branch' has a plethora of pitfalls that can produce non-obvious +manglings of the intended history rewrite (and can leave you with little +time to investigate such problems since it has such abysmal performance). +These safety and performance issues cannot be backward compatibly fixed and +as such, its use is not recommended. Please use an alternative history +filtering tool such as https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/[git +filter-repo]. If you still need to use 'git filter-branch', please +carefully read <<SAFETY>> (and <<PERFORMANCE>>) to learn about the land +mines of filter-branch, and then vigilantly avoid as many of the hazards +listed there as reasonably possible. + DESCRIPTION ----------- Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned @@ -445,36 +458,236 @@ warned. (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to `--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead). -NOTES ------ - -git-filter-branch allows you to make complex shell-scripted rewrites -of your Git history, but you probably don't need this flexibility if -you're simply _removing unwanted data_ like large files or passwords. -For those operations you may want to consider -http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/[The BFG Repo-Cleaner], -a JVM-based alternative to git-filter-branch, typically at least -10-50x faster for those use-cases, and with quite different -characteristics: - -* Any particular version of a file is cleaned exactly _once_. The BFG, - unlike git-filter-branch, does not give you the opportunity to - handle a file differently based on where or when it was committed - within your history. This constraint gives the core performance - benefit of The BFG, and is well-suited to the task of cleansing bad - data - you don't care _where_ the bad data is, you just want it - _gone_. - -* By default The BFG takes full advantage of multi-core machines, - cleansing commit file-trees in parallel. git-filter-branch cleans - commits sequentially (i.e. in a single-threaded manner), though it - _is_ possible to write filters that include their own parallelism, - in the scripts executed against each commit. - -* The http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/#examples[command options] - are much more restrictive than git-filter branch, and dedicated just - to the tasks of removing unwanted data- e.g: - `--strip-blobs-bigger-than 1M`. +[[PERFORMANCE]] +PERFORMANCE +----------- + +The performance of git-filter-branch is glacially slow; its design makes it +impossible for a backward-compatible implementation to ever be fast: + +* In editing files, git-filter-branch by design checks out each and +every commit as it existed in the original repo. If your repo has 10\^5 +files and 10\^5 commits, but each commit only modifies 5 files, then +git-filter-branch will make you do 10\^10 modifications, despite only +having (at most) 5*10^5 unique blobs. + +* If you try and cheat and try to make git-filter-branch only work on +files modified in a commit, then two things happen + + ** you run into problems with deletions whenever the user is simply + trying to rename files (because attempting to delete files that + don't exist looks like a no-op; it takes some chicanery to remap + deletes across file renames when the renames happen via arbitrary + user-provided shell) + + ** even if you succeed at the map-deletes-for-renames chicanery, you + still technically violate backward compatibility because users are + allowed to filter files in ways that depend upon topology of + commits instead of filtering solely based on file contents or names + (though this has not been observed in the wild). + +* Even if you don't need to edit files but only want to e.g. rename or +remove some and thus can avoid checking out each file (i.e. you can use +--index-filter), you still are passing shell snippets for your filters. +This means that for every commit, you have to have a prepared git repo +where those filters can be run. That's a significant setup. + +* Further, several additional files are created or updated per commit by +git-filter-branch. Some of these are for supporting the convenience +functions provided by git-filter-branch (such as map()), while others +are for keeping track of internal state (but could have also been +accessed by user filters; one of git-filter-branch's regression tests +does so). This essentially amounts to using the filesystem as an IPC +mechanism between git-filter-branch and the user-provided filters. +Disks tend to be a slow IPC mechanism, and writing these files also +effectively represents a forced synchronization point between separate +processes that we hit with every commit. + +* The user-provided shell commands will likely involve a pipeline of +commands, resulting in the creation of many processes per commit. +Creating and running another process takes a widely varying amount of +time between operating systems, but on any platform it is very slow +relative to invoking a function. + +* git-filter-branch itself is written in shell, which is kind of slow. +This is the one performance issue that could be backward-compatibly +fixed, but compared to the above problems that are intrinsic to the +design of git-filter-branch, the language of the tool itself is a +relatively minor issue. + + ** Side note: Unfortunately, people tend to fixate on the + written-in-shell aspect and periodically ask if git-filter-branch + could be rewritten in another language to fix the performance + issues. Not only does that ignore the bigger intrinsic problems + with the design, it'd help less than you'd expect: if + git-filter-branch itself were not shell, then the convenience + functions (map(), skip_commit(), etc) and the `--setup` argument + could no longer be executed once at the beginning of the program + but would instead need to be prepended to every user filter (and + thus re-executed with every commit). + +The https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/[git filter-repo] tool is +an alternative to git-filter-branch which does not suffer from these +performance problems or the safety problems (mentioned below). For those +with existing tooling which relies upon git-filter-branch, 'git +repo-filter' also provides +https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/blob/master/contrib/filter-repo-demos/filter-lamely[filter-lamely], +a drop-in git-filter-branch replacement (with a few caveats). While +filter-lamely suffers from all the same safety issues as +git-filter-branch, it at least ameloriates the performance issues a +little. + +[[SAFETY]] +SAFETY +------ + +git-filter-branch is riddled with gotchas resulting in various ways to +easily corrupt repos or end up with a mess worse than what you started +with: + +* Someone can have a set of "working and tested filters" which they +document or provide to a coworker, who then runs them on a different OS +where the same commands are not working/tested (some examples in the +git-filter-branch manpage are also affected by this). BSD vs. GNU +userland differences can really bite. If lucky, error messages are +spewed. But just as likely, the commands either don't do the filtering +requested, or silently corrupt by making some unwanted change. The +unwanted change may only affect a few commits, so it's not necessarily +obvious either. (The fact that problems won't necessarily be obvious +means they are likely to go unnoticed until the rewritten history is in +use for quite a while, at which point it's really hard to justify +another flag-day for another rewrite.) + +* Filenames with spaces are often mishandled by shell snippets since +they cause problems for shell pipelines. Not everyone is familiar with +find -print0, xargs -0, git-ls-files -z, etc. Even people who are +familiar with these may assume such flags are not relevant because +someone else renamed any such files in their repo back before the person +doing the filtering joined the project. And often, even those familiar +with handling arguments with spaces may not do so just because they +aren't in the mindset of thinking about everything that could possibly +go wrong. + +* Non-ascii filenames can be silently removed despite being in a desired +directory. Keeping only wanted paths is often done using pipelines like +`git ls-files | grep -v ^WANTED_DIR/ | xargs git rm`. ls-files will +only quote filenames if needed, so folks may not notice that one of the +files didn't match the regex (at least not until it's much too late). +Yes, someone who knows about core.quotePath can avoid this (unless they +have other special characters like \t, \n, or "), and people who use +ls-files -z with something other than grep can avoid this, but that +doesn't mean they will. + +* Similarly, when moving files around, one can find that filenames with +non-ascii or special characters end up in a different directory, one +that includes a double quote character. (This is technically the same +issue as above with quoting, but perhaps an interesting different way +that it can and has manifested as a problem.) + +* It's far too easy to accidentally mix up old and new history. It's +still possible with any tool, but git-filter-branch almost invites it. +If lucky, the only downside is users getting frustrated that they don't +know how to shrink their repo and remove the old stuff. If unlucky, +they merge old and new history and end up with multiple "copies" of each +commit, some of which have unwanted or sensitive files and others which +don't. This comes about in multiple different ways: + + ** the default to only doing a partial history rewrite ('--all' is not + the default and few examples show it) + + ** the fact that there's no automatic post-run cleanup + + ** the fact that --tag-name-filter (when used to rename tags) doesn't + remove the old tags but just adds new ones with the new name + + ** the fact that little educational information is provided to inform + users of the ramifications of a rewrite and how to avoid mixing old + and new history. For example, this man page discusses how users + need to understand that they need to rebase their changes for all + their branches on top of new history (or delete and reclone), but + that's only one of multiple concerns to consider. See the + "DISCUSSION" section of the git filter-repo manual page for more + details. + +* Annotated tags can be accidentally converted to lightweight tags, due +to either of two issues: + + ** Someone can do a history rewrite, realize they messed up, restore + from the backups in refs/original/, and then redo their + git-filter-branch command. (The backup in refs/original/ is not a + real backup; it dereferences tags first.) + + ** Running git-filter-branch with either --tags or --all in your + <rev-list options>. In order to retain annotated tags as + annotated, you must use --tag-name-filter (and must not have + restored from refs/original/ in a previously botched rewrite). + +* Any commit messages that specify an encoding will become corrupted +by the rewrite; git-filter-branch ignores the encoding, takes the original +bytes, and feeds it to commit-tree without telling it the proper +encoding. (This happens whether or not --msg-filter is used.) + +* Commit messages (even if they are all UTF-8) by default become +corrupted due to not being updated -- any references to other commit +hashes in commit messages will now refer to no-longer-extant commits. + +* There are no facilities for helping users find what unwanted crud they +should delete, which means they are much more likely to have incomplete +or partial cleanups that sometimes result in confusion and people +wasting time trying to understand. (For example, folks tend to just +look for big files to delete instead of big directories or extensions, +and once they do so, then sometime later folks using the new repository +who are going through history will notice a build artifact directory +that has some files but not others, or a cache of dependencies +(node_modules or similar) which couldn't have ever been functional since +it's missing some files.) + +* If --prune-empty isn't specified, then the filtering process can +create hoards of confusing empty commits + +* If --prune-empty is specified, then intentionally placed empty +commits from before the filtering operation are also pruned instead of +just pruning commits that became empty due to filtering rules. + +* If --prune empty is specified, sometimes empty commits are missed +and left around anyway (a somewhat rare bug, but it happens...) + +* A minor issue, but users who have a goal to update all names and +emails in a repository may be led to --env-filter which will only update +authors and committers, missing taggers. + +* If the user provides a --tag-name-filter that maps multiple tags to +the same name, no warning or error is provided; git-filter-branch simply +overwrites each tag in some undocumented pre-defined order resulting in +only one tag at the end. (A git-filter-branch regression test requires +this surprising behavior.) + +Also, the poor performance of git-filter-branch often leads to safety +issues: + +* Coming up with the correct shell snippet to do the filtering you want +is sometimes difficult unless you're just doing a trivial modification +such as deleting a couple files. Unfortunately, people often learn if +the snippet is right or wrong by trying it out, but the rightness or +wrongness can vary depending on special circumstances (spaces in +filenames, non-ascii filenames, funny author names or emails, invalid +timezones, presence of grafts or replace objects, etc.), meaning they +may have to wait a long time, hit an error, then restart. The +performance of git-filter-branch is so bad that this cycle is painful, +reducing the time available to carefully re-check (to say nothing about +what it does to the patience of the person doing the rewrite even if +they do technically have more time available). This problem is extra +compounded because errors from broken filters may not be shown for a +long time and/or get lost in a sea of output. Even worse, broken +filters often just result in silent incorrect rewrites. + +* To top it all off, even when users finally find working commands, they +naturally want to share them. But they may be unaware that their repo +didn't have some special cases that someone else's does. So, when +someone else with a different repository runs the same commands, they +get hit by the problems above. Or, the user just runs commands that +really were vetted for special cases, but they run it on a different OS +where it doesn't work, as noted above. GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt index 247f765604..0c114ad1ca 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt @@ -115,15 +115,14 @@ NOTES ----- 'git gc' tries very hard not to delete objects that are referenced -anywhere in your repository. In -particular, it will keep not only objects referenced by your current set -of branches and tags, but also objects referenced by the index, -remote-tracking branches, refs saved by 'git filter-branch' in -refs/original/, reflogs (which may reference commits in branches -that were later amended or rewound), and anything else in the refs/* namespace. -If you are expecting some objects to be deleted and they aren't, check -all of those locations and decide whether it makes sense in your case to -remove those references. +anywhere in your repository. In particular, it will keep not only +objects referenced by your current set of branches and tags, but also +objects referenced by the index, remote-tracking branches, notes saved +by 'git notes' under refs/notes/, reflogs (which may reference commits +in branches that were later amended or rewound), and anything else in +the refs/* namespace. If you are expecting some objects to be deleted +and they aren't, check all of those locations and decide whether it +makes sense in your case to remove those references. On the other hand, when 'git gc' runs concurrently with another process, there is a risk of it deleting an object that the other process is using diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt index 6156609cf7..a8cfc0ad82 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt @@ -832,7 +832,8 @@ Hard case: The changes are not the same.:: This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase had conflicts, or used `--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or if the upstream used one of `commit --amend`, `reset`, or - `filter-branch`. + a full history rewriting command like + https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[`filter-repo`]. The easy case diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt index 246dc9943c..f271d758c3 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt @@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ The following format are available: CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS ---------------------------- -linkgit:git-filter-branch[1], linkgit:git-hash-object[1] and -linkgit:git-rebase[1], among other git commands, can be used to create -replacement objects from existing objects. The `--edit` option can -also be used with 'git replace' to create a replacement object by +linkgit:git-hash-object[1], linkgit:git-rebase[1], and +https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo], among other git commands, can be used to +create replacement objects from existing objects. The `--edit` option +can also be used with 'git replace' to create a replacement object by editing an existing object. If you want to replace many blobs, trees or commits that are part of a @@ -148,13 +148,13 @@ pending objects. SEE ALSO -------- linkgit:git-hash-object[1] -linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] linkgit:git-rebase[1] linkgit:git-tag[1] linkgit:git-branch[1] linkgit:git-commit[1] linkgit:git-var[1] linkgit:git[1] +https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo] GIT --- diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt index 30711625fd..53774f5b64 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt @@ -769,11 +769,11 @@ option for (hopefully) obvious reasons. + This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug -reports and archives. If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git -and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider -linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead. filter-branch also allows -reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship -info for non-"svn.authorsFile" users. +reports, and archives. If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to +Git and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider +https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo] instead. +filter-repo also allows reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading +and rewriting authorship info for non-"svn.authorsFile" users. svn.useSvmProps:: svn-remote.<name>.useSvmProps:: diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt index 82cd573776..5a789c91df 100644 --- a/Documentation/githooks.txt +++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt @@ -425,10 +425,12 @@ post-rewrite This hook is invoked by commands that rewrite commits (linkgit:git-commit[1] when called with `--amend` and -linkgit:git-rebase[1]; currently `git filter-branch` does 'not' call -it!). Its first argument denotes the command it was invoked by: -currently one of `amend` or `rebase`. Further command-dependent -arguments may be passed in the future. +linkgit:git-rebase[1]; however, full-history (re)writing tools like +linkgit:git-fast-import[1] or +https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo[git-filter-repo] typically +do not call it!). Its first argument denotes the command it was +invoked by: currently one of `amend` or `rebase`. Further +command-dependent arguments may be passed in the future. The hook receives a list of the rewritten commits on stdin, in the format diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt index a3425f4770..19333fc8df 100644 --- a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt +++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ line. This line has the form `git-svn-id: URL@REVNO UUID`. The resulting repository will generally require further processing to put each project in its own repository and to separate the history -of each branch. The 'git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter' command +of each branch. The 'git filter-repo --subdirectory-filter' command may be useful for this purpose. BUGS @@ -67,5 +67,5 @@ The exit status does not reflect whether an error was detected. SEE ALSO -------- -git-svn(1), svn2git(1), svk(1), git-filter-branch(1), git-fast-import(1), +git-svn(1), svn2git(1), svk(1), git-filter-repo(1), git-fast-import(1), https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/subversion/trunk/notes/dump-load-format.txt diff --git a/git-filter-branch.sh b/git-filter-branch.sh index 5c5afa2b98..fea7964617 100755 --- a/git-filter-branch.sh +++ b/git-filter-branch.sh @@ -83,6 +83,20 @@ set_ident () { finish_ident COMMITTER } +if test -z "$FILTER_BRANCH_SQUELCH_WARNING$GIT_TEST_DISALLOW_ABBREVIATED_OPTIONS" +then + cat <<EOF +WARNING: git-filter-branch has a glut of gotchas generating mangled history + rewrites. Hit Ctrl-C before proceeding to abort, then use an + alternative filtering tool such as 'git filter-repo' + (https://github.com/newren/git-filter-repo/) instead. See the + filter-branch manual page for more details; to squelch this warning, + set FILTER_BRANCH_SQUELCH_WARNING=1. +EOF + sleep 10 + printf "Proceeding with filter-branch...\n\n" +fi + USAGE="[--setup <command>] [--subdirectory-filter <directory>] [--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>] [--index-filter <command>] [--parent-filter <command>] [--msg-filter <command>] |