7 files changed, 303 insertions, 198 deletions

diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index cb25ec9ce8..aa30ec5269 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -2325,8 +2325,8 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	dashdash_pos = 0;
 
-	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
-			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 	for (;;) {
 		switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, blame_opt_usage)) {
 		case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index 2135b0dde1..1a21e4b053 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	shortlog_init(&log);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
-	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
-			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			    PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 
 	for (;;) {
 		switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, shortlog_usage)) {
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index 200c7efed1..56baf27fb7 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 
 /*
  * Default to not allowing changes to the list of files. The
@@ -397,8 +398,10 @@ static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
 	strbuf_release(&uq);
 }
 
-static const char update_index_usage[] =
-"git update-index [-q] [--add] [--replace] [--remove] [--unmerged] [--refresh] [--really-refresh] [--cacheinfo] [--chmod=(+|-)x] [--assume-unchanged] [--skip-worktree|--no-skip-worktree] [--info-only] [--force-remove] [--stdin] [--index-info] [--unresolve] [--again | -g] [--ignore-missing] [-z] [--verbose] [--] [<file>...]";
+static const char * const update_index_usage[] = {
+	"git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	NULL
+};
 
 static unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 static unsigned char merge_head_sha1[20];
@@ -578,19 +581,214 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct refresh_params {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	int *has_errors;
+};
+
+static int refresh(struct refresh_params *o, unsigned int flag)
+{
+	setup_work_tree();
+	*o->has_errors |= refresh_cache(o->flags | flag);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int refresh_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return refresh(opt->value, 0);
+}
+
+static int really_refresh_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return refresh(opt->value, REFRESH_REALLY);
+}
+
+static int chmod_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	char *flip = opt->value;
+	if ((arg[0] != '-' && arg[0] != '+') || arg[1] != 'x' || arg[2])
+		return error("option 'chmod' expects \"+x\" or \"-x\"");
+	*flip = arg[0];
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int resolve_undo_clear_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int unset)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned int mode;
+
+	if (ctx->argc <= 3)
+		return error("option 'cacheinfo' expects three arguments");
+	if (strtoul_ui(*++ctx->argv, 8, &mode) ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(*++ctx->argv, sha1) ||
+	    add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, *++ctx->argv, 0))
+		die("git update-index: --cacheinfo cannot add %s", *ctx->argv);
+	ctx->argc -= 3;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int stdin_cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+			      const struct option *opt, int unset)
+{
+	int *line_termination = opt->value;
+
+	if (ctx->argc != 1)
+		return error("option '%s' must be the last argument", opt->long_name);
+	allow_add = allow_replace = allow_remove = 1;
+	read_index_info(*line_termination);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int stdin_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int unset)
+{
+	int *read_from_stdin = opt->value;
+
+	if (ctx->argc != 1)
+		return error("option '%s' must be the last argument", opt->long_name);
+	*read_from_stdin = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int unresolve_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int flags)
+{
+	int *has_errors = opt->value;
+	const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+
+	/* consume remaining arguments. */
+	*has_errors = do_unresolve(ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
+				prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
+	if (*has_errors)
+		active_cache_changed = 0;
+
+	ctx->argv += ctx->argc - 1;
+	ctx->argc = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int reupdate_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int flags)
+{
+	int *has_errors = opt->value;
+	const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+
+	/* consume remaining arguments. */
+	setup_work_tree();
+	*has_errors = do_reupdate(ctx->argc, ctx->argv,
+				prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0);
+	if (*has_errors)
+		active_cache_changed = 0;
+
+	ctx->argv += ctx->argc - 1;
+	ctx->argc = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
-	int allow_options = 1;
+	int newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
 	int read_from_stdin = 0;
 	int prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 	char set_executable_bit = 0;
-	unsigned int refresh_flags = 0;
+	struct refresh_params refresh_args = {0, &has_errors};
 	int lock_error = 0;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
+	int parseopt_state = PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('q', NULL, &refresh_args.flags,
+			"continue refresh even when index needs update",
+			REFRESH_QUIET),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-submodules", &refresh_args.flags,
+			"refresh: ignore submodules",
+			REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "add", &allow_add,
+			"do not ignore new files", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "replace", &allow_replace,
+			"let files replace directories and vice-versa", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "remove", &allow_remove,
+			"notice files missing from worktree", 1),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "unmerged", &refresh_args.flags,
+			"refresh even if index contains unmerged entries",
+			REFRESH_UNMERGED),
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
+			"refresh stat information",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			refresh_callback},
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "really-refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
+			"like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			really_refresh_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "cacheinfo", NULL,
+			"<mode> <object> <path>",
+			"add the specified entry to the index",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG |	/* disallow --cacheinfo=<mode> form */
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) cacheinfo_callback},
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, "(+/-)x",
+			"override the executable bit of the listed files",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
+			chmod_callback},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
+			"mark files as \"not changing\"",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
+			"clear assumed-unchanged bit",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
+			"mark files as \"index-only\"",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
+		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
+			"clear skip-worktree bit",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "info-only", &info_only,
+			"add to index only; do not add content to object database", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "force-remove", &force_remove,
+			"remove named paths even if present in worktree", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
+			"with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes", '\0'),
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin, NULL,
+			"read list of paths to be updated from standard input",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "index-info", &line_termination, NULL,
+			"add entries from standard input to the index",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_cacheinfo_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "unresolve", &has_errors, NULL,
+			"repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) unresolve_callback},
+		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 'g', "again", &has_errors, NULL,
+			"only update entries that differ from HEAD",
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
+			(parse_opt_cb *) reupdate_callback},
+		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &refresh_args.flags,
+			"ignore files missing from worktree",
+			REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "verbose", &verbose,
+			"report actions to standard output", 1),
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "clear-resolve-undo", NULL, NULL,
+			"(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts",
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+			resolve_undo_clear_callback},
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage(update_index_usage);
+		usage(update_index_usage[0]);
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -605,151 +803,48 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (entries < 0)
 		die("cache corrupted");
 
-	for (i = 1 ; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *path = argv[i];
-		const char *p;
+	/*
+	 * Custom copy of parse_options() because we want to handle
+	 * filename arguments as they come.
+	 */
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix,
+			    options, PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
+	while (ctx.argc) {
+		if (parseopt_state != PARSE_OPT_DONE)
+			parseopt_state = parse_options_step(&ctx, options,
+							    update_index_usage);
+		if (!ctx.argc)
+			break;
+		switch (parseopt_state) {
+		case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
+			exit(129);
+		case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
+		case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
+		{
+			const char *path = ctx.argv[0];
+			const char *p;
 
-		if (allow_options && *path == '-') {
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--")) {
-				allow_options = 0;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "-q")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_QUIET;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--ignore-submodules")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--add")) {
-				allow_add = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--replace")) {
-				allow_replace = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--remove")) {
-				allow_remove = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--unmerged")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--refresh")) {
-				setup_work_tree();
-				has_errors |= refresh_cache(refresh_flags);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--really-refresh")) {
-				setup_work_tree();
-				has_errors |= refresh_cache(REFRESH_REALLY | refresh_flags);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--cacheinfo")) {
-				unsigned char sha1[20];
-				unsigned int mode;
-
-				if (i+3 >= argc)
-					die("git update-index: --cacheinfo <mode> <sha1> <path>");
-
-				if (strtoul_ui(argv[i+1], 8, &mode) ||
-				    get_sha1_hex(argv[i+2], sha1) ||
-				    add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, argv[i+3], 0))
-					die("git update-index: --cacheinfo"
-					    " cannot add %s", argv[i+3]);
-				i += 3;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--chmod=-x") ||
-			    !strcmp(path, "--chmod=+x")) {
-				if (argc <= i+1)
-					die("git update-index: %s <path>", path);
-				set_executable_bit = path[8];
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--assume-unchanged")) {
-				mark_valid_only = MARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--no-assume-unchanged")) {
-				mark_valid_only = UNMARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--no-skip-worktree")) {
-				mark_skip_worktree_only = UNMARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--skip-worktree")) {
-				mark_skip_worktree_only = MARK_FLAG;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--info-only")) {
-				info_only = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--force-remove")) {
-				force_remove = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "-z")) {
-				line_termination = 0;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--stdin")) {
-				if (i != argc - 1)
-					die("--stdin must be at the end");
-				read_from_stdin = 1;
-				break;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--index-info")) {
-				if (i != argc - 1)
-					die("--index-info must be at the end");
-				allow_add = allow_replace = allow_remove = 1;
-				read_index_info(line_termination);
-				break;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--unresolve")) {
-				has_errors = do_unresolve(argc - i, argv + i,
-							  prefix, prefix_length);
-				if (has_errors)
-					active_cache_changed = 0;
-				goto finish;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--again") || !strcmp(path, "-g")) {
-				setup_work_tree();
-				has_errors = do_reupdate(argc - i, argv + i,
-							 prefix, prefix_length);
-				if (has_errors)
-					active_cache_changed = 0;
-				goto finish;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--ignore-missing")) {
-				refresh_flags |= REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--verbose")) {
-				verbose = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "--clear-resolve-undo")) {
-				resolve_undo_clear();
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp(path, "-h") || !strcmp(path, "--help"))
-				usage(update_index_usage);
-			die("unknown option %s", path);
+			setup_work_tree();
+			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
+			update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+			if (set_executable_bit)
+				chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
+			if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
+				free((char *)p);
+			ctx.argc--;
+			ctx.argv++;
+			break;
+		}
+		case PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN:
+			if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-')
+				error("unknown option '%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
+			else
+				error("unknown switch '%c'", *ctx.opt);
+			usage_with_options(update_index_usage, options);
 		}
-		setup_work_tree();
-		p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
-		update_one(p, NULL, 0);
-		if (set_executable_bit)
-			chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
-		if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
-			free((char *)p);
 	}
+	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
+
 	if (read_from_stdin) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -773,10 +868,9 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
- finish:
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (newfd < 0) {
-			if (refresh_flags & REFRESH_QUIET)
+			if (refresh_args.flags & REFRESH_QUIET)
 				exit(128);
 			unable_to_lock_index_die(get_index_file(), lock_error);
 		}
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index 909b1f6e9a..194f784808 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -1124,6 +1124,7 @@ const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int cmdline_errno);
 /* git.c */
 struct startup_info {
 	int have_repository;
+	const char *prefix;
 };
 extern struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index 0fa79bc31d..42b51ef145 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@ static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 #define OPT_SHORT 1
 #define OPT_UNSET 2
 
+static int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason)
+{
+	if (opt->long_name)
+		return error("BUG: option '%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("BUG: switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+}
+
 static int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
 {
 	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
@@ -55,25 +62,13 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 		return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
 	if (unset && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG))
 		return opterror(opt, "isn't available", flags);
-
-	if (!(flags & OPT_SHORT) && p->opt) {
-		switch (opt->type) {
-		case OPTION_CALLBACK:
-			if (!(opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
-				break;
-			/* FALLTHROUGH */
-		case OPTION_BOOLEAN:
-		case OPTION_BIT:
-		case OPTION_NEGBIT:
-		case OPTION_SET_INT:
-		case OPTION_SET_PTR:
-			return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	}
+	if (!(flags & OPT_SHORT) && p->opt && (opt->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+		return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
 
 	switch (opt->type) {
+	case OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK:
+		return (*(parse_opt_ll_cb *)opt->callback)(p, opt, unset);
+
 	case OPTION_BIT:
 		if (unset)
 			*(int *)opt->value &= ~opt->defval;
@@ -281,13 +276,6 @@ static int parse_nodash_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
 			continue;
-		if ((options->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
-		    !(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
-			die("BUG: dashless options don't support arguments");
-		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG))
-			die("BUG: dashless options don't support negation");
-		if (options->long_name)
-			die("BUG: dashless options can't be long");
 		if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
 			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
 	}
@@ -320,25 +308,37 @@ static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
 
 	for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT) &&
-		    (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG)) {
-			if (opts->long_name) {
-				error("`--%s` uses incompatible flags "
-				      "LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG", opts->long_name);
-			} else {
-				error("`-%c` uses incompatible flags "
-				      "LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG", opts->short_name);
-			}
-			err |= 1;
+		    (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG))
+			err |= optbug(opts, "uses incompatible flags "
+					"LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG");
+		if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH &&
+		    ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
+		     !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG) ||
+		     !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG) ||
+		     opts->long_name))
+			err |= optbug(opts, "uses feature "
+					"not supported for dashless options");
+		switch (opts->type) {
+		case OPTION_BOOLEAN:
+		case OPTION_BIT:
+		case OPTION_NEGBIT:
+		case OPTION_SET_INT:
+		case OPTION_SET_PTR:
+		case OPTION_NUMBER:
+			if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
+			    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+				err |= optbug(opts, "should not accept an argument");
+		default:
+			; /* ok. (usually accepts an argument) */
 		}
 	}
-
 	if (err)
-		exit(129);
+		exit(128);
 }
 
 void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			 int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
-			 int flags)
+			 const struct option *options, int flags)
 {
 	memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
 	ctx->argc = argc - 1;
@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@ void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 	if ((flags & PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN) &&
 	    (flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION))
 		die("STOP_AT_NON_OPTION and KEEP_UNKNOWN don't go together");
+	parse_options_check(options);
 }
 
 static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *,
@@ -362,8 +363,6 @@ int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 {
 	int internal_help = !(ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
 
-	parse_options_check(options);
-
 	/* we must reset ->opt, unknown short option leave it dangling */
 	ctx->opt = NULL;
 
@@ -374,7 +373,7 @@ int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			if (parse_nodash_opt(ctx, arg, options) == 0)
 				continue;
 			if (ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION)
-				break;
+				return PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION;
 			ctx->out[ctx->cpidx++] = ctx->argv[0];
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -452,10 +451,11 @@ int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 {
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 
-	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, flags);
+	parse_options_start(&ctx, argc, argv, prefix, options, flags);
 	switch (parse_options_step(&ctx, options, usagestr)) {
 	case PARSE_OPT_HELP:
 		exit(129);
+	case PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION:
 	case PARSE_OPT_DONE:
 		break;
 	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
@@ -541,7 +541,8 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
 			pos += fprintf(outfile, "-NUM");
 
-		if (!(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
+		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
+		    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
 			pos += usage_argh(opts, outfile);
 
 		if (pos <= USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH)
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index ae8647d893..31ec5d2476 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ enum parse_opt_type {
 	OPTION_STRING,
 	OPTION_INTEGER,
 	OPTION_CALLBACK,
+	OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK,
 	OPTION_FILENAME
 };
 
@@ -43,6 +44,10 @@ enum parse_opt_option_flags {
 struct option;
 typedef int parse_opt_cb(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
 
+struct parse_opt_ctx_t;
+typedef int parse_opt_ll_cb(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
+				const struct option *opt, int unset);
+
 /*
  * `type`::
  *   holds the type of the option, you must have an OPTION_END last in your
@@ -87,7 +92,8 @@ typedef int parse_opt_cb(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
  *				useful for users of OPTION_NEGBIT.
  *
  * `callback`::
- *   pointer to the callback to use for OPTION_CALLBACK.
+ *   pointer to the callback to use for OPTION_CALLBACK or
+ *   OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK.
  *
  * `defval`::
  *   default value to fill (*->value) with for PARSE_OPT_OPTARG.
@@ -161,6 +167,7 @@ extern NORETURN void usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
 enum {
 	PARSE_OPT_HELP = -1,
 	PARSE_OPT_DONE,
+	PARSE_OPT_NON_OPTION,
 	PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN
 };
 
@@ -180,7 +187,7 @@ struct parse_opt_ctx_t {
 
 extern void parse_options_start(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 				int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
-				int flags);
+				const struct option *options, int flags);
 
 extern int parse_options_step(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			      const struct option *options,
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 346ef2eb2d..14f91e3935 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -512,8 +512,10 @@ const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 	const char *prefix;
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
-	if (startup_info)
+	if (startup_info) {
 		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
+		startup_info->prefix = prefix;
+	}
 	return prefix;
 }