23 files changed, 303 insertions, 266 deletions

diff --git a/alias.c b/alias.c
index a7e4e57130..c471538020 100644
--- a/alias.c
+++ b/alias.c
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ void list_aliases(struct string_list *list)
 #define SPLIT_CMDLINE_BAD_ENDING 1
 #define SPLIT_CMDLINE_UNCLOSED_QUOTE 2
 static const char *split_cmdline_errors[] = {
-	"cmdline ends with \\",
-	"unclosed quote"
+	N_("cmdline ends with \\"),
+	N_("unclosed quote")
 };
 
 int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index fd556c28e4..180d97cf77 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -391,12 +391,12 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 		int refnamelen = colon - name;
 
 		if (!dwim_ref(name, refnamelen, &oid, &ref))
-			die("no such ref: %.*s", refnamelen, name);
+			die(_("no such ref: %.*s"), refnamelen, name);
 		free(ref);
 	}
 
 	if (get_oid(name, &oid))
-		die("Not a valid object name");
+		die(_("not a valid object name: %s"), name);
 
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ar_args->repo, &oid, 1);
 	if (commit) {
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(&oid);
 	if (tree == NULL)
-		die("not a tree object");
+		die(_("not a tree object: %s"), oid_to_hex(&oid));
 
 	if (prefix) {
 		struct object_id tree_oid;
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 		err = get_tree_entry(&tree->object.oid, prefix, &tree_oid,
 				     &mode);
 		if (err || !S_ISDIR(mode))
-			die("current working directory is untracked");
+			die(_("current working directory is untracked"));
 
 		tree = parse_tree_indirect(&tree_oid);
 	}
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index eaece6658d..b63fe0fc0e 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 	if (strlen(ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX) < namelen &&
 	    starts_with(name, ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX)) {
 		if (!macro_ok) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s not allowed: %s:%d\n",
-				name, src, lineno);
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("%s not allowed: %s:%d"),
+				   name, src, lineno);
 			goto fail_return;
 		}
 		is_macro = 1;
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index 3c3e0f06e7..a281d7cd12 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -51,16 +51,24 @@ static int name_objects;
 
 static const char *describe_object(struct object *obj)
 {
-	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *name = name_objects ?
-		lookup_decoration(fsck_walk_options.object_names, obj) : NULL;
+	static struct strbuf bufs[] = {
+		STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT
+	};
+	static int b = 0;
+	struct strbuf *buf;
+	char *name = NULL;
 
-	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
+	if (name_objects)
+		name = lookup_decoration(fsck_walk_options.object_names, obj);
+
+	buf = bufs + b;
+	b = (b + 1) % ARRAY_SIZE(bufs);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, oid_to_hex(&obj->oid));
 	if (name)
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, " (%s)", name);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, " (%s)", name);
 
-	return buf.buf;
+	return buf->buf;
 }
 
 static const char *printable_type(struct object *obj)
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@ static const char *printable_type(struct object *obj)
 
 	ret = type_name(obj->type);
 	if (!ret)
-		ret = "unknown";
+		ret = _("unknown");
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -104,25 +112,32 @@ static int fsck_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
-static void objreport(struct object *obj, const char *msg_type,
-			const char *err)
-{
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s in %s %s: %s\n",
-		msg_type, printable_type(obj), describe_object(obj), err);
-}
-
 static int objerror(struct object *obj, const char *err)
 {
 	errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
-	objreport(obj, "error", err);
+	/* TRANSLATORS: e.g. error in tree 01bfda: <more explanation> */
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("error in %s %s: %s"),
+		   printable_type(obj), describe_object(obj), err);
 	return -1;
 }
 
 static int fsck_error_func(struct fsck_options *o,
 	struct object *obj, int type, const char *message)
 {
-	objreport(obj, (type == FSCK_WARN) ? "warning" : "error", message);
-	return (type == FSCK_WARN) ? 0 : 1;
+	switch (type) {
+	case FSCK_WARN:
+		/* TRANSLATORS: e.g. warning in tree 01bfda: <more explanation> */
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("warning in %s %s: %s"),
+			   printable_type(obj), describe_object(obj), message);
+		return 0;
+	case FSCK_ERROR:
+		/* TRANSLATORS: e.g. error in tree 01bfda: <more explanation> */
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("error in %s %s: %s"),
+			   printable_type(obj), describe_object(obj), message);
+		return 1;
+	default:
+		BUG("%d (FSCK_IGNORE?) should never trigger this callback", type);
+	}
 }
 
 static struct object_array pending;
@@ -138,17 +153,18 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_opt
 	 */
 	if (!obj) {
 		/* ... these references to parent->fld are safe here */
-		printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
-			   printable_type(parent), describe_object(parent));
-		printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
-			   (type == OBJ_ANY ? "unknown" : type_name(type)), "unknown");
+		printf_ln(_("broken link from %7s %s"),
+			  printable_type(parent), describe_object(parent));
+		printf_ln(_("broken link from %7s %s"),
+			  (type == OBJ_ANY ? _("unknown") : type_name(type)),
+			  _("unknown"));
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if (type != OBJ_ANY && obj->type != type)
 		/* ... and the reference to parent is safe here */
-		objerror(parent, "wrong object type in link");
+		objerror(parent, _("wrong object type in link"));
 
 	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
 		return 0;
@@ -164,10 +180,12 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data, struct fsck_opt
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 		if (parent && !has_object_file(&obj->oid)) {
-			printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
-				 printable_type(parent), describe_object(parent));
-			printf("              to %7s %s\n",
-				 printable_type(obj), describe_object(obj));
+			printf_ln(_("broken link from %7s %s\n"
+				    "              to %7s %s"),
+				  printable_type(parent),
+				  describe_object(parent),
+				  printable_type(obj),
+				  describe_object(obj));
 			errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		}
 		return 1;
@@ -231,8 +249,8 @@ static void check_reachable_object(struct object *obj)
 			return;
 		if (has_object_pack(&obj->oid))
 			return; /* it is in pack - forget about it */
-		printf("missing %s %s\n", printable_type(obj),
-			describe_object(obj));
+		printf_ln(_("missing %s %s"), printable_type(obj),
+			  describe_object(obj));
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		return;
 	}
@@ -257,8 +275,8 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 	 * since this is something that is prunable.
 	 */
 	if (show_unreachable) {
-		printf("unreachable %s %s\n", printable_type(obj),
-			describe_object(obj));
+		printf_ln(_("unreachable %s %s"), printable_type(obj),
+			  describe_object(obj));
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -276,8 +294,8 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 	 */
 	if (!(obj->flags & USED)) {
 		if (show_dangling)
-			printf("dangling %s %s\n", printable_type(obj),
-			       describe_object(obj));
+			printf_ln(_("dangling %s %s"), printable_type(obj),
+				  describe_object(obj));
 		if (write_lost_and_found) {
 			char *filename = git_pathdup("lost-found/%s/%s",
 				obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT ? "commit" : "other",
@@ -285,18 +303,18 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 			FILE *f;
 
 			if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(filename)) {
-				error("Could not create lost-found");
+				error(_("could not create lost-found"));
 				free(filename);
 				return;
 			}
 			f = xfopen(filename, "w");
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 				if (stream_blob_to_fd(fileno(f), &obj->oid, NULL, 1))
-					die_errno("Could not write '%s'", filename);
+					die_errno(_("could not write '%s'"), filename);
 			} else
 				fprintf(f, "%s\n", describe_object(obj));
 			if (fclose(f))
-				die_errno("Could not finish '%s'",
+				die_errno(_("could not finish '%s'"),
 					  filename);
 			free(filename);
 		}
@@ -313,7 +331,7 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 static void check_object(struct object *obj)
 {
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s\n", describe_object(obj));
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking %s"), describe_object(obj));
 
 	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
 		check_reachable_object(obj);
@@ -331,7 +349,7 @@ static void check_connectivity(void)
 	/* Look up all the requirements, warn about missing objects.. */
 	max = get_max_object_index();
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking connectivity (%d objects)\n", max);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking connectivity (%d objects)"), max);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
 		struct object *obj = get_indexed_object(i);
@@ -350,11 +368,11 @@ static int fsck_obj(struct object *obj, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
 	obj->flags |= SEEN;
 
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s %s\n",
-			printable_type(obj), describe_object(obj));
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking %s %s"),
+			   printable_type(obj), describe_object(obj));
 
 	if (fsck_walk(obj, NULL, &fsck_obj_options))
-		objerror(obj, "broken links");
+		objerror(obj, _("broken links"));
 	err = fsck_object(obj, buffer, size, &fsck_obj_options);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
@@ -363,17 +381,19 @@ static int fsck_obj(struct object *obj, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
 
 		if (!commit->parents && show_root)
-			printf("root %s\n", describe_object(&commit->object));
+			printf_ln(_("root %s"),
+				  describe_object(&commit->object));
 	}
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) obj;
 
 		if (show_tags && tag->tagged) {
-			printf("tagged %s %s", printable_type(tag->tagged),
-				describe_object(tag->tagged));
-			printf(" (%s) in %s\n", tag->tag,
-				describe_object(&tag->object));
+			printf_ln(_("tagged %s %s (%s) in %s"),
+				  printable_type(tag->tagged),
+				  describe_object(tag->tagged),
+				  tag->tag,
+				  describe_object(&tag->object));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -397,7 +417,8 @@ static int fsck_obj_buffer(const struct object_id *oid, enum object_type type,
 				  eaten);
 	if (!obj) {
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
-		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing", oid_to_hex(oid));
+		return error(_("%s: object corrupt or missing"),
+			     oid_to_hex(oid));
 	}
 	obj->flags &= ~(REACHABLE | SEEN);
 	obj->flags |= HAS_OBJ;
@@ -421,7 +442,8 @@ static void fsck_handle_reflog_oid(const char *refname, struct object_id *oid,
 			obj->flags |= USED;
 			mark_object_reachable(obj);
 		} else if (!is_promisor_object(oid)) {
-			error("%s: invalid reflog entry %s", refname, oid_to_hex(oid));
+			error(_("%s: invalid reflog entry %s"),
+			      refname, oid_to_hex(oid));
 			errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		}
 	}
@@ -434,8 +456,8 @@ static int fsck_handle_reflog_ent(struct object_id *ooid, struct object_id *noid
 	const char *refname = cb_data;
 
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking reflog %s->%s\n",
-			oid_to_hex(ooid), oid_to_hex(noid));
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking reflog %s->%s"),
+			   oid_to_hex(ooid), oid_to_hex(noid));
 
 	fsck_handle_reflog_oid(refname, ooid, 0);
 	fsck_handle_reflog_oid(refname, noid, timestamp);
@@ -468,13 +490,14 @@ static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
 			 default_refs++;
 			 return 0;
 		}
-		error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer %s", refname, oid_to_hex(oid));
+		error(_("%s: invalid sha1 pointer %s"),
+		      refname, oid_to_hex(oid));
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		/* We'll continue with the rest despite the error.. */
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(refname)) {
-		error("%s: not a commit", refname);
+		error(_("%s: not a commit"), refname);
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
 	}
 	default_refs++;
@@ -529,7 +552,7 @@ static void get_default_heads(void)
 	 * "show_unreachable" flag.
 	 */
 	if (!default_refs) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "notice: No default references\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("notice: No default references"));
 		show_unreachable = 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -544,7 +567,7 @@ static int fsck_loose(const struct object_id *oid, const char *path, void *data)
 
 	if (read_loose_object(path, oid, &type, &size, &contents) < 0) {
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
-		error("%s: object corrupt or missing: %s",
+		error(_("%s: object corrupt or missing: %s"),
 		      oid_to_hex(oid), path);
 		return 0; /* keep checking other objects */
 	}
@@ -557,7 +580,7 @@ static int fsck_loose(const struct object_id *oid, const char *path, void *data)
 
 	if (!obj) {
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
-		error("%s: object could not be parsed: %s",
+		error(_("%s: object could not be parsed: %s"),
 		      oid_to_hex(oid), path);
 		if (!eaten)
 			free(contents);
@@ -577,7 +600,7 @@ static int fsck_loose(const struct object_id *oid, const char *path, void *data)
 static int fsck_cruft(const char *basename, const char *path, void *data)
 {
 	if (!starts_with(basename, "tmp_obj_"))
-		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s\n", path);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("bad sha1 file: %s"), path);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -592,7 +615,7 @@ static void fsck_object_dir(const char *path)
 	struct progress *progress = NULL;
 
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking object directory\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking object directory"));
 
 	if (show_progress)
 		progress = start_progress(_("Checking object directories"), 256);
@@ -610,29 +633,30 @@ static int fsck_head_link(const char *head_ref_name,
 	int null_is_error = 0;
 
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking %s link\n", head_ref_name);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking %s link"), head_ref_name);
 
 	*head_points_at = resolve_ref_unsafe(head_ref_name, 0, head_oid, NULL);
 	if (!*head_points_at) {
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
-		return error("Invalid %s", head_ref_name);
+		return error(_("invalid %s"), head_ref_name);
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(*head_points_at, head_ref_name))
 		/* detached HEAD */
 		null_is_error = 1;
 	else if (!starts_with(*head_points_at, "refs/heads/")) {
 		errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
-		return error("%s points to something strange (%s)",
+		return error(_("%s points to something strange (%s)"),
 			     head_ref_name, *head_points_at);
 	}
 	if (is_null_oid(head_oid)) {
 		if (null_is_error) {
 			errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
-			return error("%s: detached HEAD points at nothing",
+			return error(_("%s: detached HEAD points at nothing"),
 				     head_ref_name);
 		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "notice: %s points to an unborn branch (%s)\n",
-			head_ref_name, *head_points_at + 11);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   _("notice: %s points to an unborn branch (%s)"),
+			   head_ref_name, *head_points_at + 11);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -643,12 +667,12 @@ static int fsck_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it)
 	int err = 0;
 
 	if (verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "Checking cache tree\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Checking cache tree"));
 
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count) {
 		struct object *obj = parse_object(the_repository, &it->oid);
 		if (!obj) {
-			error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer in cache-tree",
+			error(_("%s: invalid sha1 pointer in cache-tree"),
 			      oid_to_hex(&it->oid));
 			errors_found |= ERROR_REFS;
 			return 1;
@@ -659,7 +683,7 @@ static int fsck_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it)
 				obj, xstrdup(":"));
 		mark_object_reachable(obj);
 		if (obj->type != OBJ_TREE)
-			err |= objerror(obj, "non-tree in cache-tree");
+			err |= objerror(obj, _("non-tree in cache-tree"));
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++)
 		err |= fsck_cache_tree(it->down[i]->cache_tree);
@@ -800,7 +824,7 @@ int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			if (!obj || !(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 				if (is_promisor_object(&oid))
 					continue;
-				error("%s: object missing", oid_to_hex(&oid));
+				error(_("%s: object missing"), oid_to_hex(&oid));
 				errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -812,7 +836,7 @@ int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			mark_object_reachable(obj);
 			continue;
 		}
-		error("invalid parameter: expected sha1, got '%s'", arg);
+		error(_("invalid parameter: expected sha1, got '%s'"), arg);
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index c3c976d471..42e227e11c 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ static int option_read_message(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		ctx->argc--;
 		arg = *++ctx->argv;
 	} else
-		return opterror(opt, "requires a value", 0);
+		return error(_("option `%s' requires a value"), opt->long_name);
 
 	if (buf->len)
 		strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ static void parse_branch_merge_options(char *bmo)
 	argc = split_cmdline(bmo, &argv);
 	if (argc < 0)
 		die(_("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"), branch,
-		    split_cmdline_strerror(argc));
+		    _(split_cmdline_strerror(argc)));
 	REALLOC_ARRAY(argv, argc + 2);
 	MOVE_ARRAY(argv + 1, argv, argc + 1);
 	argc++;
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index 7a85e4b164..64a8df4f25 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -14,11 +14,15 @@
 
 /* NEEDSWORK: switch to using parse_options */
 static const char reflog_expire_usage[] =
-"git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all] <refs>...";
+N_("git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] "
+   "[--expire-unreachable=<time>] "
+   "[--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix] [--dry-run | -n] "
+   "[--verbose] [--all] <refs>...");
 static const char reflog_delete_usage[] =
-"git reflog delete [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] <refs>...";
+N_("git reflog delete [--rewrite] [--updateref] "
+   "[--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] <refs>...");
 static const char reflog_exists_usage[] =
-"git reflog exists <ref>";
+N_("git reflog exists <ref>");
 
 static timestamp_t default_reflog_expire;
 static timestamp_t default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
@@ -585,7 +589,7 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			break;
 		}
 		else if (arg[0] == '-')
-			usage(reflog_expire_usage);
+			usage(_(reflog_expire_usage));
 		else
 			break;
 	}
@@ -598,7 +602,7 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (cb.cmd.stalefix) {
 		repo_init_revisions(the_repository, &cb.cmd.revs, prefix);
 		if (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
-			printf("Marking reachable objects...");
+			printf(_("Marking reachable objects..."));
 		mark_reachable_objects(&cb.cmd.revs, 0, 0, NULL);
 		if (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
 			putchar('\n');
@@ -636,7 +640,7 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		char *ref;
 		struct object_id oid;
 		if (!dwim_log(argv[i], strlen(argv[i]), &oid, &ref)) {
-			status |= error("%s points nowhere!", argv[i]);
+			status |= error(_("%s points nowhere!"), argv[i]);
 			continue;
 		}
 		set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb.cmd, explicit_expiry, ref);
@@ -682,13 +686,13 @@ static int cmd_reflog_delete(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			break;
 		}
 		else if (arg[0] == '-')
-			usage(reflog_delete_usage);
+			usage(_(reflog_delete_usage));
 		else
 			break;
 	}
 
 	if (argc - i < 1)
-		return error("Nothing to delete?");
+		return error(_("no reflog specified to delete"));
 
 	for ( ; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *spec = strstr(argv[i], "@{");
@@ -697,12 +701,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_delete(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int recno;
 
 		if (!spec) {
-			status |= error("Not a reflog: %s", argv[i]);
+			status |= error(_("not a reflog: %s"), argv[i]);
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		if (!dwim_log(argv[i], spec - argv[i], &oid, &ref)) {
-			status |= error("no reflog for '%s'", argv[i]);
+			status |= error(_("no reflog for '%s'"), argv[i]);
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -737,7 +741,7 @@ static int cmd_reflog_exists(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			break;
 		}
 		else if (arg[0] == '-')
-			usage(reflog_exists_usage);
+			usage(_(reflog_exists_usage));
 		else
 			break;
 	}
@@ -745,10 +749,10 @@ static int cmd_reflog_exists(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	start = i;
 
 	if (argc - start != 1)
-		usage(reflog_exists_usage);
+		usage(_(reflog_exists_usage));
 
 	if (check_refname_format(argv[start], REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
-		die("invalid ref format: %s", argv[start]);
+		die(_("invalid ref format: %s"), argv[start]);
 	return !reflog_exists(argv[start]);
 }
 
@@ -757,12 +761,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_exists(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
  */
 
 static const char reflog_usage[] =
-"git reflog [ show | expire | delete | exists ]";
+N_("git reflog [ show | expire | delete | exists ]");
 
 int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage(reflog_usage);
+		usage(_(reflog_usage));
 
 	/* With no command, we default to showing it. */
 	if (argc < 2 || *argv[1] == '-')
diff --git a/builtin/repack.c b/builtin/repack.c
index 45583683ee..2a1c7b21c5 100644
--- a/builtin/repack.c
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ static int write_oid(const struct object_id *oid, struct packed_git *pack,
 
 	if (cmd->in == -1) {
 		if (start_command(cmd))
-			die("Could not start pack-objects to repack promisor objects");
+			die(_("could not start pack-objects to repack promisor objects"));
 	}
 
 	xwrite(cmd->in, oid_to_hex(oid), GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ);
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ static void repack_promisor_objects(const struct pack_objects_args *args,
 		char *promisor_name;
 		int fd;
 		if (line.len != the_hash_algo->hexsz)
-			die("repack: Expecting full hex object ID lines only from pack-objects.");
+			die(_("repack: Expecting full hex object ID lines only from pack-objects."));
 		string_list_append(names, line.buf);
 
 		/*
@@ -247,13 +247,13 @@ static void repack_promisor_objects(const struct pack_objects_args *args,
 					  line.buf);
 		fd = open(promisor_name, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0600);
 		if (fd < 0)
-			die_errno("unable to create '%s'", promisor_name);
+			die_errno(_("unable to create '%s'"), promisor_name);
 		close(fd);
 		free(promisor_name);
 	}
 	fclose(out);
 	if (finish_command(&cmd))
-		die("Could not finish pack-objects to repack promisor objects");
+		die(_("could not finish pack-objects to repack promisor objects"));
 }
 
 #define ALL_INTO_ONE 1
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	out = xfdopen(cmd.out, "r");
 	while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, out) != EOF) {
 		if (line.len != the_hash_algo->hexsz)
-			die("repack: Expecting full hex object ID lines only from pack-objects.");
+			die(_("repack: Expecting full hex object ID lines only from pack-objects."));
 		string_list_append(&names, line.buf);
 	}
 	fclose(out);
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return ret;
 
 	if (!names.nr && !po_args.quiet)
-		printf("Nothing new to pack.\n");
+		printf_ln(_("Nothing new to pack."));
 
 	/*
 	 * Ok we have prepared all new packfiles.
@@ -476,13 +476,13 @@ int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (rollback_failure.nr) {
 			int i;
 			fprintf(stderr,
-				"WARNING: Some packs in use have been renamed by\n"
-				"WARNING: prefixing old- to their name, in order to\n"
-				"WARNING: replace them with the new version of the\n"
-				"WARNING: file.  But the operation failed, and the\n"
-				"WARNING: attempt to rename them back to their\n"
-				"WARNING: original names also failed.\n"
-				"WARNING: Please rename them in %s manually:\n", packdir);
+				_("WARNING: Some packs in use have been renamed by\n"
+				  "WARNING: prefixing old- to their name, in order to\n"
+				  "WARNING: replace them with the new version of the\n"
+				  "WARNING: file.  But the operation failed, and the\n"
+				  "WARNING: attempt to rename them back to their\n"
+				  "WARNING: original names also failed.\n"
+				  "WARNING: Please rename them in %s manually:\n"), packdir);
 			for (i = 0; i < rollback_failure.nr; i++)
 				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING:   old-%s -> %s\n",
 					rollback_failure.items[i].string,
diff --git a/builtin/revert.c b/builtin/revert.c
index c93393c89b..11190d2ab4 100644
--- a/builtin/revert.c
+++ b/builtin/revert.c
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ static int option_parse_m(const struct option *opt,
 
 	replay->mainline = strtol(arg, &end, 10);
 	if (*end || replay->mainline <= 0)
-		return opterror(opt, "expects a number greater than zero", 0);
+		return error(_("option `%s' expects a number greater than zero"),
+			     opt->long_name);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index 2f604a41ea..4d53a3d50d 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -338,27 +338,27 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 			if (ret >= 0)   /* normal exit */
 				exit(ret);
 
-			die_errno("while expanding alias '%s': '%s'",
-			    alias_command, alias_string + 1);
+			die_errno(_("while expanding alias '%s': '%s'"),
+				  alias_command, alias_string + 1);
 		}
 		count = split_cmdline(alias_string, &new_argv);
 		if (count < 0)
-			die("Bad alias.%s string: %s", alias_command,
-			    split_cmdline_strerror(count));
+			die(_("bad alias.%s string: %s"), alias_command,
+			    _(split_cmdline_strerror(count)));
 		option_count = handle_options(&new_argv, &count, &envchanged);
 		if (envchanged)
-			die("alias '%s' changes environment variables.\n"
-				 "You can use '!git' in the alias to do this",
-				 alias_command);
+			die(_("alias '%s' changes environment variables.\n"
+			      "You can use '!git' in the alias to do this"),
+			    alias_command);
 		memmove(new_argv - option_count, new_argv,
 				count * sizeof(char *));
 		new_argv -= option_count;
 
 		if (count < 1)
-			die("empty alias for %s", alias_command);
+			die(_("empty alias for %s"), alias_command);
 
 		if (!strcmp(alias_command, new_argv[0]))
-			die("recursive alias: %s", alias_command);
+			die(_("recursive alias: %s"), alias_command);
 
 		trace_argv_printf(new_argv,
 				  "trace: alias expansion: %s =>",
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	if (!help && get_super_prefix()) {
 		if (!(p->option & SUPPORT_SUPER_PREFIX))
-			die("%s doesn't support --super-prefix", p->cmd);
+			die(_("%s doesn't support --super-prefix"), p->cmd);
 	}
 
 	if (!help && p->option & NEED_WORK_TREE)
@@ -433,11 +433,11 @@ static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	/* Check for ENOSPC and EIO errors.. */
 	if (fflush(stdout))
-		die_errno("write failure on standard output");
+		die_errno(_("write failure on standard output"));
 	if (ferror(stdout))
-		die("unknown write failure on standard output");
+		die(_("unknown write failure on standard output"));
 	if (fclose(stdout))
-		die_errno("close failed on standard output");
+		die_errno(_("close failed on standard output"));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ static void execv_dashed_external(const char **argv)
 	int status;
 
 	if (get_super_prefix())
-		die("%s doesn't support --super-prefix", argv[0]);
+		die(_("%s doesn't support --super-prefix"), argv[0]);
 
 	if (use_pager == -1 && !is_builtin(argv[0]))
 		use_pager = check_pager_config(argv[0]);
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ int cmd_main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (skip_prefix(cmd, "git-", &cmd)) {
 		argv[0] = cmd;
 		handle_builtin(argc, argv);
-		die("cannot handle %s as a builtin", cmd);
+		die(_("cannot handle %s as a builtin"), cmd);
 	}
 
 	/* Look for flags.. */
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ int cmd_main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	} else {
 		/* The user didn't specify a command; give them help */
 		commit_pager_choice();
-		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
+		printf(_("usage: %s\n\n"), git_usage_string);
 		list_common_cmds_help();
 		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		exit(1);
diff --git a/parse-options-cb.c b/parse-options-cb.c
index 8c9edce52f..e2f3eaed07 100644
--- a/parse-options-cb.c
+++ b/parse-options-cb.c
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	} else {
 		v = strtol(arg, (char **)&arg, 10);
 		if (*arg)
-			return opterror(opt, "expects a numerical value", 0);
+			return error(_("option `%s' expects a numerical value"),
+				     opt->long_name);
 		if (v && v < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
 			v = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
 		else if (v > 40)
@@ -47,8 +48,8 @@ int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 		arg = unset ? "never" : (const char *)opt->defval;
 	value = git_config_colorbool(NULL, arg);
 	if (value < 0)
-		return opterror(opt,
-			"expects \"always\", \"auto\", or \"never\"", 0);
+		return error(_("option `%s' expects \"always\", \"auto\", or \"never\""),
+			     opt->long_name);
 	*(int *)opt->value = value;
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index 6932eaff61..01c2acbd27 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static int get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *opt,
 		p->argc--;
 		*arg = *++p->argv;
 	} else
-		return opterror(opt, "requires a value", flags);
+		return error(_("%s requires a value"), optname(opt, flags));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ static int opt_command_mode_error(const struct option *opt,
 				  int flags)
 {
 	const struct option *that;
-	struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf that_name = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/*
@@ -67,13 +66,13 @@ static int opt_command_mode_error(const struct option *opt,
 			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "--%s", that->long_name);
 		else
 			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "-%c", that->short_name);
-		strbuf_addf(&message, ": incompatible with %s", that_name.buf);
+		error(_("%s is incompatible with %s"),
+		      optname(opt, flags), that_name.buf);
 		strbuf_release(&that_name);
-		opterror(opt, message.buf, flags);
-		strbuf_release(&message);
 		return -1;
 	}
-	return opterror(opt, ": incompatible with something else", flags);
+	return error(_("%s : incompatible with something else"),
+		     optname(opt, flags));
 }
 
 static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
@@ -86,11 +85,11 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 	int err;
 
 	if (unset && p->opt)
-		return opterror(opt, "takes no value", flags);
+		return error(_("%s takes no value"), optname(opt, flags));
 	if (uns